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lasspositive95 · 1 year

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Eugenics and Other Threats to the Reproductive Autonomy of Minority Women

This research aims to highlight from the literature an analysis of instances where the reproductive autonomy of minority women has been threatened through eugenic social theory, gynecological violence, and forced sterilizations. Eugenics as a social ideology violates human rights. Yet, practices in medical violence and public policy continue to allow for the events to transpire, with the most recent case being exposed in 2015. Research articles, books, journals, websites, and documentary-style films were cultivated as part of the literature review for this research, then cultivated to present relevant quotes and information regarding historical threats to reproductive autonomy in minority women. This research is present for advocacy to prevent these types of abuses from occurring in the future and for understanding the diverse issues faced by women of minorities in the United States and its territories.

Keywords: Reproductive Autonomy, Minority Women, Eugenics, Diversity Issues, Forced Sterilization

Eugenics and Other Threats to the Reproductive Autonomy of Minority Women

“Eugenic theory did not transcend the American racial order; it was fed, nurtured, and sustained by racism” (Roberts, 1999:95)”

Eugenics and Forced Sterilization

The cost of eugenics was steep for the West and paid for by the blood of people of color, the disabled, the incarcerated, and the poor. The Eugenics Movement and white supremacy fed the ideology that was instrumental in the forced sterilization of minority women. In the United States, those most likely to undergo forced sterilization were those of minority groups. Whether incarcerated, seeking affordable reproductive medical care, or mentally disabled, these individuals were sterilized using forced or coercive consent. Women in these circumstances had their autonomy stolen, their bodies abused, and their trust broken 

History of Eugenics1

Eugenics was a pseudo-scientific movement popularized in the United States and other parts of the West during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Popularized by Sir Francis Galton in 1883. Sir Francis Galton was inspired by his cousin Charles Darwin and his study of Natural Selection. However, even Darwin warned of using idea from natural selection in the context of humans. Paola Alonso stated the issue well when she said:

“Much of this violence derives from beliefs of white supremacy, which perpetuates the notion that the lives of people of color are less important than the lives of the Anglo-Saxon population. This racism and xenophobia fueled the Eugenics Movement in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Eugenics is the belief that certain practices could improve the biology and genetics of the human race, with white, able-bodied people being considered the most “fit” representation of good genetics” (Alonso, 2020:1).

Reproductive Autonomy Relies on Individual Choice.

Eugenic theory aimed to reduce the population and reproduction of individuals who they deemed ‘unfit’, ‘menaces to society’ or who simply did not fit their ideal of good American breeding stock (American Eugenics Society, 1938). During the turn of the century, with an influx of immigrants in American cities, wealthy upper-class whites felt that the American way of life would be threatened by immigrant populations and “foreigners” procreating and bringing unfavorable characteristics into society. Entire scientific societies and journals were created to foster eugenic thinking, which continued the encouragement of forced sterilizations either as a means of population control or ridding the United States of ‘undesirable traits’ (Roberts, 1999). These publications often released volumes of literature about popular eugenic policy, education, and research. The American Eugenics Society was one of these scientific organizations until it eventually changed its name in 1972 to the Society for the Study of Social Biology (Roberts, 1999). The Society of Social Biology still publishes a journal titled Social Biology (Roberts, 1999). An excerpt from the American Eugenics Society in 1938 reads:

“Among people who are afflicted with defects that are a menace to society, the great majority cannot be trusted to refrain voluntarily from having children. For such people the only choice is between segregation and sterilization. The American Eugenics Society believes that in the great majority of cases sterilization is much to be preferred.” (American Eugenics Society, 1938: 13-14)

Early Victims of Threats to Reproductive Autonomy in The History of Modern Gynecology.

Eugenic thinking and forced sterilization were not the first occurrences of reproductive violence against minority women. Known as the ‘Father of Modern Gynecology’ Dr. James Marion Sims’ work is most often attributed to the invention of the speculum. The speculum is a device still used today to dilate and examine the vagina. Among his other works, Dr. Sims had a long history of research conducted on enslaved women without the aid of anesthesia. Many of Dr. Sims’ experiments violated ethical standards due to his operation on African American slaves as human experiments and his utilization of the racist notion that Black people did not feel pain. His surgical work included treatment for vesicovaginal fistulas, a common complication of childbirth. Sims’ operated in the best interest of the enslaved person’s master, not in the treatment of his patients. Although some historians insist that patients clamored for surgical relief by Dr. Sims, the masters or owners of these enslaved folks were most interested in having their property returned to continue their reproductive duties with little regard to the suffering endured by these women. Because the bulk of Sims’ human experiments were conducted on enslaved people, they could not give informed consent- as their masters were the ones consenting to the operation, not the patient. As stated in an article by Wall, “it was unethical “by any standard” to perform experimental surgical operations on slaves because slaves, by definition, could not have given voluntary informed consent for surgery” (Wall, 2006).

A documentary titled “Remembering Anarcha” memorializes the sacrifices made by the enslaved women victims of Dr. Sims (Carples, 2019). The titular woman is Anarcha Westcott, who endured over thirty procedures by the physician during his efforts to cure vesicovaginal and rectovaginal fistulas (Wall, 2006).

Little is known of Westcott except that at the time of the operation, she was a seventeen- year-old African American enslaved woman from Alabama who had a disfigured pelvis after suffering a severe case of rickets, a disease caused by malnutrition. After becoming pregnant and having a stillbirth, she suffered severe wounds and fistulas (Wall, 2006). Dr. Sims performed over thirty procedures on Anarcha without the comfort of anesthesia until eventually curing her fistulas (Wall, 2006). Although the ends of his treatment were eventually successful, they were a horrific example of the dehumanization of a minority population based on racial prejudices.

Consent.

The issue of forced sterilization and the history of modern gynecology raise ethical questions involving informed consent. The American Medical Association defines informed consent as “The process of informed consent occurs when communication between a patient and physician results in the patient’s authorization or agreement to undergo a specific medical intervention” (AMA, 2022). Informed consent is a process with steps including accessing the patient’s ability to understand the given medical information and alternatives, and make a voluntary decision (AMA, 2022). Physicians must present information regarding known diagnosis, nature and purpose of available medical interventions, and the risks, burdens, and benefits of choosing these interventions, including what would happen if interventions are foregone. The physician then must have documentation of the patient or surrogate’s consent for the medical record (AMA, 2022).

Incidences of forced or coercive consent regularly occur where consent to medical intervention is given when a patient is under anesthesia (Cohn, 2022), under duress (in situations such as labor) or through deceit (Roberts, 1999; 161). Coercive consent involves the use threatening harm or removal of services. This force can be verbal or physical. The definition of coercion refers to the use of force to gain compliance.

Mississippi Appendectomy.

The practice of coercive sterilization, and it use as means of training doctors became so common in the South that the operation was nicknamed a “Mississippi Appendectomy.” (Roberts, 1999). Performed at teaching hospitals, physicians often had a financial incentive to perform total hysterectomies on their patients instead of tubal ligations due to the reimbursement by Medicare being $500 higher in 1975. Hysterectomies at this time also had a twenty-percent higher fatality rate.

“The director of obstetrics and gynecology at a New York municipal hospital reported similar outrageous practices: “In most major teaching hospitals in New York City, it is the unwritten policy to do elective hysterectomies on poor black and Puerto Rican women, with minimal indications, to train residents. (Roberts, 1999:141)

After the wave of eugenic social programs had stolen women’s autonomy in the United States, another form of darkness swept the nation. During the 1960s, as the Civil Rights Movement and Welfare Programs rose, many medical and political officials viewed sterilization as saving welfare dollars and reducing the population growth of racial minorities or the underprivileged. Sterilization rapidly became the prevalent form of birth control for minority women.

“In one case, a teenage girl who was twelve weeks pregnant came to the Boston hospital for an abortion. She was told that it was too late for her to have a regular abortion and that a hysterectomy was necessary. When the medical student who observed the operation asked a resident why such drastic action was taken, the resident replied that the doctor “wanted a hysterectomy done for the experience.” Another woman was given a tubal ligation without her knowledge following a cesarean section; the doctor falsely listed the procedure as an Appendectomy.” (Roberts, 1999;146).

The Sterilization of Incarcerated and Institutionalized Women

The South has not been the only state leading in-laws and atrocious acts against the reproductive autonomy of minorities. California passed its first sterilization law in 1909, which applied to all prison inmates. Incarcerated persons who were convicted twice for a sexual offense or thrice for any offense where evidence was presented of the convicting suffering from “sexual perversions” were considered candidates for forced sterilization. (Jean-Jacques, 2018). Of the forcibly sterilized, 7-8% were Mexican Americans. Disclosed in 2013, the Center for Investigative Reporting revealed that almost 150 incarcerated females were illegally sterilized in California Prisons between 2006 and 2010. (Jean-Jacques, 2018). Sterilizing incarcerated women using federal funds is illegal under federal law; special approval must be gained for the operation, and state funds are available for this purpose. (Jan-Jacques, 2018). Of the incarcerated population who were sterilized in California, a disproportionate number were immigrants or born outside of the United States. In the case of 2013 sterilizations, a federal law was broken, and legal procedures were ignored. (Jean-Jacques, 2018).

Oregon’s sterilization laws were harsh and intended to target those deemed ‘sexual deviants or perverts among other states on the pacific coast. However, this law did not only target those indicted on sexual offenses but included marginalized women, homosexuals, people with epilepsy, girls considered promiscuous, and people suffering from mental illnesses. A reported 2648 people were sterilized between 1923 and 1981 due to Oregon’s laws.

The film Belly of The Beast documents a series of illegal sterilizations occurring in the Central California Women's Facility, the country's largest women's correctional facility. Belly of The Beast aimed to expose the modern-day eugenic practices still occurring in our country, especially in women's prisons. The film stars Kelli Dillon, a survivor of forced sterilization, as she partners with her courageous lawyer to seek reproductive justice. This documentary presents the decade-long legal battles following the exposed injustices (Cohn, 2022). 

Puerto Rican Women

Puerto Rican women have been the long-suffering targets of government-sanctioned sterilization. Surveys from 1996 of Puerto Rico have disclosed that one-third of women who already had children between the ages of twenty and forty-nine had been sterilized (Jean- Jacques, 2018). The United States government aired concerns that overpopulation threatened the island and worsened social and economic conditions (Jeans-Jacques, 2018). Due to these concerns, sterilization programs were created to limit the population size of Puerto Rico. Roberts discusses the institution of sterilization as a means of population control in Puerto Rico, stating: “Women on the island were encouraged to agree to “la operación” by armies of public health workers who offered it at minimal or no cost.” (Roberts, 1999; 102). Private agencies like International Planned Parenthood Federation, The Puerto Rican Government, and The United States Government used federal funding to sterilize the women on the island (Roberts, 1999). Roberts reports that the program was so widespread that the number of sterilized women was the highest percentage in the world (Roberts, 1999).

“The conservative eugenicists, mostly North American officials in powerful government and administrative positions, attributed Puerto Rican “backwardness to the tropical climate and their inferior stock” (Briggs 2002, 100). Like their European counterparts, they considered poor Puerto Ricans unfit for reproduction. Their solution to Puerto Rico’s overpopulation problem was sterilization and emigration.” (Lopez, 2008:9)

Coercive Sterilization of Native American Women

Native Americans and their women have been the victim of mass genocide at the hands of the United States Government and other institutions of colonization. One of these institutions, originally designed to provide medical care to these individuals, is the Indian Health Service. The IHS is an operating division within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. IHS is responsible for providing direct medical and public health services to members of federally- recognized Native American Tribes and Alaska Native people (Lawrence, 2000).

Unfortunately, their health services are wrought with human rights violations as many unsanctioned sterilizations have occurred to our native populations primarily in the years following the second world war and the 1970s. Efforts on Indian reservations to perform sterilizations in the 1970s resulted in infertility for more than twenty-five percent of Native American women (Roberts, 1999). An estimated 3,000 sterilization procedures occurred in four Indian Health services hospitals without adequate consent. The story of one survivor named Julie is recounted in The American Indian Quarterly, stating:

“In 1974, an IHS facility in Minnesota sterilized Julie when she was twenty-eight. While she was in labor, she signed a form that she thought was for a painkiller, Julie stated that she does not remember exactly what she signed because she “was in pain at the time and was not paying too much attention to [the forms].” She revealed that the nurses told her about sterilization throughout her pregnancy and while she was in labor. While Julie had a second healthy daughter in the hospital, she revealed that she and her husband wanted three children. Her husband left her shortly after he found out about the sterilization because he ‘wanted a real woman.’ “(Lawrence, 2000; 1).

Coercive sterilization efforts on native reservations are not only insidious, but they can be genocidal. The ability to bear children at a women’s discretion is a choice of the individual and the family not of that of the government. All individuals have the right to reproductive autonomy regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, disability status, free or incarcerated, without discrimination. Fertility and reproduction is the choice of the individual and family not that of larger government organizations.

“Women’s human rights include the rights to equality, to dignity, autonomy, information and bodily integrity and respect for private life and the highest attainable standard of health, including sexual and reproductive health, without discrimination; as well as the right to freedom from torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment.” (Between recognition, backlash and regressive, 2017)

Closing remarks.

Reproductive autonomy is a human right that deserves to be guaranteed. Threats to bodily autonomy are ongoing, as such advocacy for human rights is imperative for protecting us all, especially those who are the most marginalized in society. The forced sterilization of minorities in the hands of eugenicists, doctors, and other officials through forced or coercive consent directly violates human rights, and it is essential for a society that it be prevented.

References

About the film. BELLY OF THE BEAST. (n.d.). Retrieved April 30, 2022, from https://www.bellyofthebeastfilm.com/about

Alonsa, P. (n.d.). Autonomy Revoked: Forced Sterilization of Women of Color in 20th Century United States . Ibid. A Student History Journal , 13, 1–10.

Amy, & Rowlands, S. (2018). Legalised non-consensual sterilisation - eugenics put into practice before 1945, and the aftermath. Part 1: USA, Japan, Canada and Mexico. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 23(2), 121–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/13625187.2018.1450973

Belly of The Beast. (2022). Belly Of The Beast. Retrieved April 27, 2022, from https://www.amazon.com/Belly-Beast-Kelli-Dillon/dp/B09PZN5GNT/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1YP6NLZA3DOOQ&keywords=belly+of+the+beast+documentary&qid=1651086416&s=instant-video&sprefix=Belly+of+th%2Cinstant-video%2C76&sr=1-1.

Between recognition, backlash and regressive ... - ohchr.org. (2017, October). Retrieved April 28, 2022, from https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/Women/WG/WomensAutonomyEqualityReproductiveHealth.pdf

Carples, J. (2021). Remembering Anarcha . Gravitas Ventures.

Dictionary.com. (n.d.). Coercion definition & meaning. Dictionary.com. Retrieved April 28, 2022, from https://www.dictionary.com/browse/coercion

dos Santos. (2012). Controlling black women’s reproductive health rights: An impetus to black women’s collective organizing. Cultural Dynamics, 24(1), 13–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0921374012452809

Holland, B. (2017, August 29). The 'father of Modern Gynecology' performed shocking experiments on enslaved women. History.com. Retrieved April 27, 2022, from https://www.history.com/news/the-father-of-modern-gynecology-performed-shocking-experiments-on-slaves

Informed consent. American Medical Association. (n.d.). Retrieved April 27, 2022, from https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/ethics/informed-consent

Iris Lopez. (2008). The Birth Control Movement in Puerto Rico. In Matters of Choice (p. 3–19). Rutgers University Press.

Norwood. (2021). Misrepresenting Reproductive Justice: A Black Feminist Critique of “Protecting Black Life.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 46(3), 715–741. https://doi.org/10.1086/712080

Prather, Fuller, T. R., Jeffries, W. L., Marshall, K. J., Howell, A. V., Belyue-Umole, A., & King, W. (2018). Racism, African American Women, and Their Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Review of Historical and Contemporary Evidence and Implications for Health Equity. Health Equity, 2(1), 249–259. https://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2017.0045

Reilly. (2015). Eugenics and Involuntary Sterilization: 1907-2015. Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, 16(1), 351–368. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genom-090314-024930

Remembering Anarcha. (Forced sterilization policies in the US targeted minorities and those with disabilities – and lasted into the 21st Century. Institute for Healthcare Policy & Innovation. (n.d.). Retrieved April 30, 2022, from https://ihpi.umich.edu/news/forced-sterilization-policies-us-targeted-minorities-and-those-disabilities-and-lasted-21st

Roberts, D. E. (1997). Killing the black body: Race, reproduction, and the meaning of liberty. New York: Pantheon Books.

Sebring. (2012). Reproductive Citizenship: Women of Color and Coercive Sterilization in North Carolina 1950–1980. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.

United Nations Human Rights Special Procedures. (2017, October). Between recognition, backlash and regressive ... - ohchr.org. Retrieved April 28, 2022, from https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/Women/WG/WomensAutonomyEqualityReproductiveHealth.pdf

Wall, L. L. (2006, June). The medical ethics of Dr J Marion Sims: A fresh look at the historical record. Journal of medical ethics. Retrieved April 27, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2563360/

Lopez. (2008). Matters of Choice: Puerto Rican Women’s Struggle for Reproductive Freedom. In Matters of Choice (1st ed., pp. xxv–xxv). Rutgers University Press.

Keelan. (2016). Sterilization of Native American Women: Post World War II. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.

Lawrence. (2000). The Indian Health Service and the Sterilization of Native American Women. American Indian Quarterly, 24(3), 400–419. https://doi.org/10.1353/aiq.2000.0008

#justice #freedom #writor #research #social #interesting #reproductive health #women #puerto rican #blacklivesmatter #political #liberal #science #history #smart #essay writing

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24hrfrog · 1 year

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I get the spikes of random need for mundane Slider content, little things like:

He goes grocery shopping for the boys and ends up on a mini adventure helping a kid who lost their dog, assisting a granny cross the street and getting a dollar because of it, and arriving back at base forgetting half of the the things on the grocery list

Or arriving at base to visit Mav on his first day back at Top Gun and running into a couple of the Daggers only for him to pull a Charlie Blackwood on them by showing up at their training to have a reunion with Mav as his backseater for funzies

OR, if we talking AU, single cool parent Slider and his kid’s routine on a weekend, playdate with a baby Bradley, father daughter day preparing for a friend’s wedding— picking out a little dress and 2 presents (a kid one from her she picked out, and a more reasonable one from him) and ending it with playing at the beach plus a long drive back with her falling asleep

Me making fake scenarios in my head again because I can’t find content to quench my thirst and i think I’m too much of a shitty writer to publish anything

#mundane and wholesome slider centric content. WHERE ARE YOU #i hate that the fixated character i am obsessed with is from the first movie and doesnt have much content on him to begin with #im picking up SCRAPS #but cherishing all of em #💚 i love u slider writors #ron slider kerner #slider top gun

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moroorecipe · 3 months

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Sweet apple gyoza dumplings

Have you ever eaten a sweet dumpling? If not, then you didn’t taste anything in the world. You often see my salty gyoza recipes (chicken, vegetables, and shrimp), but today, you will get a completely different touch. This is a sweet recipe for apple gyoza made from apples.

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sinnersandsaints-linwrites · 2 years

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My MC: I will be nice even if it kills me

The Not So Nice ROs and NPCs: how have you lived this long in this town is beyond me

yes. this is exactly it.

#gloomcat-mess #if: sinners and saints #i wrote iy instead of it #the first time #hello is me write #am i a writor

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knockingfrominside · 11 months

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To whoever finds this,

I hope you know you are worthy of love. I hope you find someone who stares at you as if you are the prettiest sunset they ever laid eyes on. Someone who makes flowers grow in the darkest parts of your sad little soul.

And then I hope you are able to keep them, forever.

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jayc1nder · 1 year

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"How can cupid... how could you be so cru-uu-uel" - Jack stauber

#not ship #spottedleaf #thistleclaw #spottedleaf's heart #warriors fanart #warrior cats fanart #thats gross writors #thistleclaw is gross #he went to darkforest #for murder #and not grooming #thats F*cked up

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lindwurmkai · 2 years

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Since I am still mostly on mobile, I need to make a little reference post for myself. Just ignore this. I will simply attempt to remember as many of my various tags for original posts as I can and add them all to this post ✌️

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tendergraphite · 2 months

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MADK, RYO SUZURI'S MASTERPEICE: MY RETROSPECTIVE.

Many who entered this series had an expectation as to how it would end. Now, why is this? Well—most Yaoi follow the same formula. Admittedly I’ve ingested the same 10 storylines in the genre 100 times over. That doesn’t even get into the niche of dark BL, which indeed is a rarer find.

An exceptional aspect of MADK is the seamless world-building. Where other Yaoi stick to slice of life, or pre-established worlds (Such as Omegaverse) This series is different, exploring the world of hell with a fresh storyline. Not to mention its shear raw use of emotion, which is hard to match with manga even outside the Yaoi genre (Heh, rawer than J's guts?)

Another notable aspect of MADK is its writor priority of story over fetish. In places where you would expect indulgence, you instead see plot growth take the front seat.

Unique Doujinshi/Yaoi authors such as Harada, and Nishin Masumi—Despite being some of the only dark BL creators, still follow the same typical romance story beats. Whatever resolution they come to; the main love interests still end up together.

But MADK is not like that, it is closer in depiction of obsession and lust to NBC’s Hannibal. An even closer comparison would be to Koogi’s Killing Stalking—Which is one of the most misunderstood stories the general media has discussed. Like MADK, Killing Stalking is mislabelled as a love story, when in reality it's cautionary horror.

With all that said, what is going on with MADK’s ending?

Character Analysis: Jonathan

Who Is J, And What Are His Motives?

J is one of the most powerful demons in all of hell, being an archduke. He had lived for 6 centuries, and during all that time looked for a successor. Demons cannot die from the erasure of their physical form; they can only die from either their name being forgotten entirely, or by speaking the name of a demon whose stronger than them.

J has been left unsurpassed for such a time, that his name has long since been forgotten. He wants to die, but not through those means—However, he did not want just anyone to surpass him, he was too prideful for that. No, he wanted someone worthy of such an act to speak his name. So instead of taking Makoto’s soul once it reached the peak of its desire, J reincarnates him into a demon, seeing his potential.

Our author does not hide what the ending will be, off the bat it’s revealed: Makoto will surpass J, we will not receive a happy ending. It's closer in greek tragedy than that of love, a destiny already written in the fabric of time, forever binding.

Throughout the entire story J is evaluating his pets’ capabilities, hardly giving him any guidance or truth (As, wouldn’t that make Makoto unworthy of surpassing him?) He finds Makoto amusing, nothing more.

Enter a 5-year time skip, and Makoto has discovered J’s name.

After J more than gladly accepted a hallucinogenic perfume from Makoto, he's forced to face his past. It is revealed he was a child prostitute, who after years in the slums was taken in by his mentor Wald.

However, due to his traumatic childhood, he could not see authority figures in a normal way outside of sex. So despite Wald’s attempt to be a Father figure, J only saw him as a potential romantic partner (Considering the hinted relationship between him and his older brother, I can’t imagen this helped his views on familial relations.)

We our only given bits and pieces of Wald’s death, but never truly the event itself. But considering the theme of repeating the same hellish cycle over and over again, one has to assume Jonathan’s death was a replica of Wald’s.

After reliving these memories, J admits it aloud. He wishes for someone who loves him to destroy him. He had wanted to be nobody, because without personhood he was untouchable. That was Wald’s curse, turning Jonathan into someone, making him touchable.

Character Analysis: Makoto

Where Does Makoto's Motives Stem From?

Our protagonist’s tail is a tragic one from the start. Makoto, a high-schooler whose desire to eat the living torments him—Decides to summon and sell his soul to a demon in exchange for delighting in live flesh. He is not disgusted by his kink but is established as not being able to live with the expectations, nor rejections of others—to the point he would rather guarantee his own death instead of facing reality.

After his death, Makoto would become J’s pet-project (Quite literally) At first, he was eager to be a demon, and saw J as his saviour from his old dissociative lifestyle—But is quickly horrified at the realisation that he has traded the expectations of humanity, for those of the demon realm. Against his will, he’s forced to live a new life and integrate into demonic society.

It’s then shown J has a diabolical habit of being vague with his information, making it near impossible to guess his expectations in the first place. (Which explains why out of all those ‘’Strays’’ J took in, none could handle his insane standards.)

Makoto hadn’t grown up with accepting parents, nor brother—J was his first time experiencing such a thing. His fetish had been understood, only for that comfort to be ripped away, as J would rapidly retreat from his life. Its why gritty sex scenes became near non-existent until Volume 3. J was isolating Makoto on purpose. This would instil the idea within Makoto that J was the only one who could understand him, soon fuelling a dark obsession over the demon.

Ensue a 3-year time skip: Makoto has continued his work at the Brothel, not once seeing J during that period. He held of on his return, knowing he needed to learn more (To impress J) And because he longed for J to be the one to want him to come home.

When J does request his presence, it’s for a task: He wants Makoto to collect souls, but in a twist the first contractor J chose was none other than Makoto’s elderly Father. A fresh hatred would curdle inside Makoto, as he began to be unable to wrap his mind around J’s motives. Only that, any tenderness shown was a ploy to manipulate him.

Makoto becomes determined to overthrow J, to force him to respect and see him. Despite J being upfront that he wants Makoto to surpass him, Makoto can only feel distrust, seeing the transparency as some kind of way to mess with him.

His worst fear was unwittingly being controlled by J, but in the process ended up falling right into J’s hands in the end.

Why Does Makoto Repeat The Cycle?

Makoto throughout the entire story was driven with vengeance. He at the end, no longer had a reason to be. He fully believed the one person who could understand him was only Jonathan, and with him dead he has no reason to be alive. But he once again has reached a similar issue to Jonathan—He is now too powerful; he cannot be taken over so easily.

They say the definition of pure insanity is doing something repeatedly and expecting the same result. And I’d have to say that’s exactly what is happening here. As this is hell, and hell is other people. They are stuck within a cycle of their own creation.

Personal Conclusions & Extra Thougths

Makoto and Jonathan were never in love. Makoto was completely emotionally reliant on Jonathan, who dragged him into a life he did not want, removing his autonomy in some of the worst imaginable ways. And Jonathan, he only saw Makoto as means to an end. These two characters never could have been equals, as throughout the entire story Jonathan was grooming Makoto into a role he knew would only lead to misery.

It disturbs me that the general audience feels betrayed by the ending. The author did not lie to us, but because of expectations build upon from other media, like Makoto, not many could see what was laid out right in front of them. And another little tid bit, Makoto didn’t get a new body because he never grew up. He never stopped being the boy Jonathan spirited away.

And onto the main point I am flabbergasted with: Those who are morally disappointed by volume 3. There has been some uproar about Jonathan being a child prostitute—And yes, I agree that did not need to be shown whatsoever. Easily it could have been shown through dialogue, and not through an entire page and large spread of Jonathan naked. (Or you know, not been written in the first place.) Also to establish my stance on cannibalism! if both are consenting adults (In FICTION!) I don’t care if they’re eating each other.

But what everyone is forgetting is Makoto is a literal high-schooler. Who might I add, easily could have been written as a university student. So much Yaoi is this way, I literally rejoice and scream when I find Yaoi with actual adults with any body hair on them whatsoever.

Story wise, it makes sense. Makoto had an immature view of love, and was at an age where he was wedged between his morality and fetish. Him being a teenager explains his feelings of isolation, as he still lived with his parents so could not hide his deviancy, instead being lectured often. To boot, he had an immature view of love, and was wedged between his morality and fetish ideologies. It’s why he was so desperate for connection, and why Jonathan easily was able to form him into a desired result.

But my point is, if your going to be applaud at that aspect of the story—How about you remember the age of the protagonist first? The title literally translates into ''guts demon high-school boy'' Like???

If you’ve gotten to the end of this (And aren’t to miffed at my look warm takes) WHY DON’T YOU JOIN MY DISCOR- COUGH, hacks cough* Yeah I’ve got a Ryo Suzuri dedicated server, join if ud like but don’t if you want lol. Contact me at RancidBark#4430

#madk #manga #yaoi

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todayontumblr · 11 months

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Monday June 5.

Writing Prompts.

A few little somethings for writoral blockage... and blockage, we should add, is pronounced with emphasis on the second syllable: blockaaage. For extra refinement. For a little flourish in pronunciation. A touch of razzle-dazzle, if you will, only this is pronounced razz-ell dazz-ell, to give it just the finest little sprinkling of... well, you get the idea by now. If you have the impression that this intro is rambling a little, neigh, even procrastinating, then you would be absolutely right, Reader Dearest. Because truth be told I've just been on holiday, have not written for a week, and now find myself in need of some #writer prompts.

Enjoy 'em. Do your worst. Get writing x

#today on tumblr #writers and poets #writers on tumblr #my writing #creative writing #writeblr #writing #writing prompt #writer things #writers block #writer problems #writerscorner #writblr #prompts #writing prompts

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iheartjohnlennon · 2 months

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PLEASEE DO A NSFW ALPHABET OMG THE WAY YOU WRITE THE BEATLES IS MY FAV😭😭

The Beatles NSFW Alphabet - John

@heiterhund <<<<<<<<<<<< CO-WRITOR TO THIS, WOULD NOT HAVE DONE ANYTHING WITHOUT HER, BEST BEATLES WRITER (OTHER THAN ME) 😍🩷🎀

A is for Aftercare (How he treats you after sex, what happens after sex, etc...)

• John is an absolute sweetheart.

• After sex he's all quiet, attentive and mellow. He talks to you without really talking to you.

• He comes down hard from his orgasms, feeling as though you and him are the only ones on planet earth.

• He's definitely a cuddler too - big spoon.

John turned to you, his hair dishevelled, his face flushed. You were the same, though you looked a lot more messy.

His cock was still slightly hard and in his fist, but he wanted to rest.

"You okay?" He breathed.

"Yeah," you smiled.

John slowly shifted around to hold you in his arms. His chest warm against your back. Naked and satisfied.

B is for Body part (His favourite body part of yours)

• John loves your legs and your hips and your feet. Every inch, from your hips to your soles.

• He loves them because he likes interacting with them in various scenarios.

• When he's holding your hips to fuck into you as you ride him...when he lifts you by your legs...when you playfully wrap around each other...when he kisses and licks your toes...

• Yes, your legs are very versatile for him.

C is for Cum (Where and why he likes to cum)

• Facials are most definitely his go to.

• John loves cumming on your face more than anything, it's degrading yet loving.

• He loves how he can see your eyes looking right at him as he does so.

He usually slaps the tip against your cheek, grinning as he sees his semen dripping to your lips and chin. If he’s feeling caring, he’ll use his thumb to wipe it off, before pressing it to your lips.

How sweet.

D is for Dirty secret (Something filthy that he did/or does/or wants to do behind your back.)

• John takes pictures of you, explicit ones.

• Sometimes he's fooling around. You're both out of it. But you're so out of it you forget he takes them. He doesn't forget though.

• Sometimes he takes them secretly, through a slightly open door as you undress…

• He's your own personal voyeur. You never even notice.

• He keeps the pictures safe, admires them every so often and rubs himself off to them like the man that he is. It's his collection of sorts.

• John thinks you're absolutely gorgeous, you are gorgeous. He imagines you being on the cover of Playboy or something, but his jealousy and possessiveness would never allow you to be seen by masses of men.

John turned away to retrieve his camera from the bedside table.

"Let's capture this moment, love," he whispered, his lips grazing against yours.

Your vision was hazy.

"Oh, that's a bit filthy isn't it, John?" You said, sighing.

John smirked, the corners of his mouth quivering. He liked you like this.

"Filthy? Well, that's the whole idea." He whispered, sitting up.

He pulled your bra down further, your nipples were perfectly exposed now, he laid quick kisses against them.

You were an absolute vision to him.

Laying on his silk hotel sheets, drinking, smoking and eating yourself blind - all simultaneously.

And he was definitely ready to have you afterwards.

Your laughter bubbled over as you teased, "I hope you're not planning to sell these to the papers."

He chuckled nervously, he had thought about it before - just a little fantasy.

The camera clicked in one hand, his cock was being rubbed through his boxers in the other.

"No," he breathed, palming himself harder.

"This is just for our little memory vault. These photos are like all our other photos, right?"

John massaged his balls, eager to cum.

"You're the star here." He groaned.

You giggled.

"Me, a star? Oh, stop it, you're making me blush."

John grinned, adjusting the camera.

"Blush harder. Now, can you slip out of your skirt for me, lovely?"

You did so, and slowly. It slipped off your hips nicely, leaving your bottom half only in your knickers.

"You're so demanding, Johnny."

With a sly wink, John retorted, "Demanding? Maybe a bit. But you can handle it, can't you, hm?"

And so the camera clicked, again.

E is for Experience (How experienced is he?)

• John lost his virginity to some whore in Liverpool well before he was eighteen. So he lost it well before he legally even could.

• He knows enough, he knows a lot in fact, way more than you do definitely.

• He knows enough to please you more than you can please him.

• He loves teasing you about it, saying how much of a square you used to be.

• Something about your lack of experience is hot, especially because it makes him feel in control.

F is for Favourite position (How he loves to fuck you.)

• John loves cowgirl.

• He loves when you ride him, your hands flat on his chest.

• The sight of you on top of him just really does it for him. His hands get to roam every where.

• And though it seems like you're in control, he'll often grab your hips and thrust himself up and down, fucking into you.

• If he's feeling energetic, sometimes he'll flip you onto your back so he can finish in missionary. His head deep in the crook of your neck as he gets closer.

G is for Goofy (How silly is he during sex?)

• John likes making jokes here and there. He's funny, even in something as serious as sex.

• You'll moan "Yess" and he'll moan "Yess" right back - mocking you.

John will ask "Just like that?" when he knows he's really hitting the spot. He'll ask you questions he knows you can barely answer as your being fucked.

And when you moan something that isn't his name like, "Oh, God." He'll reply, "My name's John, thanks."

He's just a goofy guy.

G is also for Goal (What's his goal and/or dream in relation to sex.)

• John's goal is to have you in as many places as possible, places within reason of course.

• He'll challenge you as well, whispering into your ear, "Do you think we could fuck here without being heard?" or "You'd look so pretty bent over that, y'know."

• He's had you in the classic places, like a car, a broom closet - but that just isn't enough for him.

• John won't stop until he makes you cum in as many places as possible.

H is for Hair (How well groomed he is, does the carpet match the drapes, etc..)

• John doesn't particularly care for grooming and he can't be bothered to regularly trim, shave or whatever.

• If he ever does do anything to his pubes, just know he was definitely fucking bored.

I is for Intimacy (How romantic he is during sex, etc..)

• John just isn't the type for candles or music or rose petals. He just wants to get right to it.

• Though, if it's a special occasion like Valentine's day or your birthday or something, he'll put in the effort to serenade you and fuck you on a bed of roses.

• Though he may say some things that are sweet and fluffy, the only thing he needs to show you is his cock, that's his romantic gesture.

J is for Jack off (Masturbation headcanon)

• John occasionally rubs himself off when he doesn't have access to a cunt.

• He thinks of you deeply whenever he does so, cumming hard all over his fist.

• It’s annoying to do, because nothing feels better than your vagina- but if he uses his imagination ( or those dirty photos he’s taken ) jacking off is the best feeling ever.

K is for Kink (One or more of their kinks in relation to you)

• John has a moderate pain kink and he's definitely the sadist in most situations, the giver.

• If you ask him to hit you (erotically) he'll do it, hesitantly but happily.

• John has a mommy kink (duh).

• He'll suck your tits and get you to cradle his head whilst he does so. Sometimes he calls you the m-word...mother.

• John has feet kink...

• He likes when you paint your toe nails nice colours. He's like massaging your feet. He's taken your toes into his mouth a lot of times.

L is for Location (Favourite places to do the deed)

• John loves obscure and semi-public places way more than a mere bed.

• So places like broom closets, a car, a park - all that jazz.

• He enjoys the risk and the fun involved in those places.

M is for Motivation (What turns them on about you, gets him hard, makes him cum, etc..)

• Your voice turns him on the most, before and during sex. Especially when he knows you want it bad.

• Your little moans before your orgasm, those get him there.

N is for No (Turn offs, what pisses him off, etc..)

• When you argue earlier in the day, like a proper bad argument, that turns him off for the rest of the day.

• When you can't resolve your issues he doesn't even look at you. He feels detached from you almost.

O is for Oral sex (Does he prefer giving or receiving? How does he give, how does he receive?)

• John 100% prefers both, he just can't choose between the two. Both bring him immense joy and pleasure.

• He eats you out nicely, enthusiastically. He usually doesn't make you orgasm with just that, it's just a fun, little extra to him.

• Prepare to have your mouth absolutely run through when you're sucking John's cock. No part of his cock is left unlicked or unsucked or untouched by you.

P is for Pace (Fast or slow? Rough or sensual?)

• His pace is gradual and building.

• He starts slow, then gets faster when he's about to make the both of you cum.

• John leaves being rough for when he's hate or jealous fucking you.

Q is for Quickie (His opinion on quickies, how often they happen, etc..)

• He's not opposed to them, he quite enjoys them actually, but of course he'd prefer having you all by himself with all the time in the world.

• They happen when you're both drunk or high, it's a moment of irresponsibility.

• Or they happen when you both haven't seen each other in a while and you just can't wait.

R is for Risk (What kind of risks will they take)

• He'll take public risks, so sex in public. He finds it thrilling, you know, the thought of getting heard and caught.

• He gets off on someone hearing, someone being a voyeur.

S is for Stamina (How many rounds he can last, how quickly can they cum, etc..)

• John can last one round but it's a nice length, 20 minutes minimum.

• He doesn't cum too quick, well, depending on the situation, if he has to cum quick he will, so if you're having a quickie.

• But yeah, he doesn't cum too quickly, so expect that twenty minutes of that cock.

T is for Toys (Does he own toys, use them, what kind of toys, etc?)

• John personally doesn't own toys because he wouldn't be able to get over the embarrassment of buying and owning them.

• He does try to coax you into buying them for yourself though, he would like watching you use them on yourself.

U is for Unfair (How much does he like to tease you, how does he tease you, etc..)

• John isn't that unfair. He's not the type to edge you or delay orgasm.

• Verbal teasing 100% though.

• And he teases you before he fucks you anyways. So by kissing and rubbing you in areas that make you want more...neck...clit.

V is for Volume (How loud is he, what noises does he make, what does he say, etc..)

• John groans like a wild animal, he's talkative as well, loves making little comments before and during and after.

• People can definitely hear him through the walls.

W is for Wildcard (Random sexual headcanon)

• Lennon loves a good roleplay situation - anything sexy. Nurse and patient, teacher and student, etc…

• He has such a big ego, so he particularly likes when you pretend to be some beatlemaniac.

• Yeah, he always cums so fucking hard during your little role plays.

“Oh my GOD! IS THAT JOHN LENNON?”

You screeched, feet stomping in place as you jump and giggle like a virgin schoolgirl.

John can’t help but look annoyed, his brows lowering as he quickly looks around.

You just blew his fucking cover with your high pitched squeals and your bouncing up and down.

Oh, how he hated these types of fans.

“Yes! Yes! It is, oh my GOD.”

You all but scream, throwing yourself on the man.

He doesn’t stifle the annoyed groan that leaves his mouth, sounding like some primal snarl deep in his throat.

“If I fuck you in the bathroom will you leave me alone and stay quiet?”

X is for X-ray (His cock)

• A bit above average, so...6 inches and he's not circumcised and his balls are massive.

• He has a good girth as well. John's penis is quite proportionate!!

• He has a bush because he very rarely shaves or cuts.

Uuuuuurgghhh, I want him and his cock so horrendously.

Y is for Yearning (His sex drive, how much do they want you?)

• He wants you whenever you're both most available, both physically and emotionally.

• John most definitely has a high libido. Sex and you occupy his mind at the same time, everywhere.

Z is for Zzz (Sleep afterwards?)

• John doesn't get excessively tired but he does feel it.

• His after sex sleep depends on you. If you're sleepy, he'll settle and sleep, if you want to stay up, then he's good with that as well.

OTHER BEATLES ALPHABETS COMING SOON XOXO

PAUL

GEORGE

RINGO

#the beatles #george harrison #60s rock #the beatles imagine #the beatles smuts #the beatles x reader #vintage #paul mccartney #ringo starr #i need him #john lennon x reader #john lennon #john lennon fanart #the beatles fanfiction #the beatles fandom #the beatles fanart

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