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alollinglaughingcat · 2 years

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I posted 18 times in 2022

7 posts created (39%)

11 posts reblogged (61%)

Blogs I reblogged the most:

@stealmeawish

@leafpool-loves-ashfur

@atreyu-art

@firealder2005

@mumblesplash

I tagged 18 of my posts in 2022

#rb - 7 posts

#reblog - 7 posts

#burning thistles - 5 posts

#my art - 4 posts

#burning thistles au - 4 posts

#warrior cats - 4 posts

#warrior cats au - 3 posts

#random - 3 posts

#cats - 3 posts

#warriors - 2 posts

Longest Tag: 136 characters

#like yessss love ur evil girlfriend and her dad so much that they do good but only for you. everyone else can die but they'd protect you

My Top Posts in 2022:

From a Chinese Reader

Hello Lolling,

My name is Tong. I am a Chinese reader of "Warriors". I love your "Burning Thistles" so much that I want to let all other Chinese readers read it!

However, Many Chinese readers don't have the ability to visit foreign websites because of Chinese policies. Also, it is difficult for them to read English articles. Therefore, I would like to ask if you could allow me to repost and translate "Burning Thistles" on Lofter and Tieba, two of the most prominent Chinese websites where Chinese readers post fan fiction. I will indicate the original author with the article. I'm look forward to receiving your early reply. Thank you!

Tong

-----------response-----------

of course you may @tongkitten !!! please make sure to credit myself AND @firealder2005 , my co-author, as well!!

8 notes - Posted May 12, 2022

im too proud of this to NOT post it here dream smp songs and statistics babey

DSMP Songs Playlist Organized by Character Link

as of 8/12/2022, the playlist has 473 songs, ~443 of which are directly songs about or based on the Dream SMP and its characters/players

The characters with the most songs about them are as follows: #1 Wilbur: 85 #2 Tommy: 60 #3 Techno: 55 #4 Tubbo: 40 #5 Dream: 35 (+1 if including DreamXD) #6 Ranboo: 34 #7 Niki: 22 #8 Quackity: 22 #9 Karl: 21 #10 Philza: 20 (+2 if including Mumza)

(Niki is placed higher than Quackity on account of the unaccounted L’Manburg anthem/L’Manburg-based songs which indirectly or semi-directly include her)

The order and entire count for the DSMP songs is as follows: L'Manburg (27) Miscellaneous Dream SMP (25) Sleepy Bois Incorporated (6) TommyInnit (22) Tommy & Wilbur Duets (8) Tommy & Dream Duets (4) Dream (23) Dream & Techno Duets (6) DreamXD (1*+1^) WilburSoot (L'Manbur (8) - Vilbur (18) - Ghostbur (20) - Revivebur (15)) (61) Technoblade (29) Techno & Tommy Duets (4) The Syndicate (6) Ranboo & Dream Duets (1) Ranboo (18) Ranboo & Tommy Duets (1) Ranboo & Tubbo Duets (5) Tubbo (21) Tubbo & Tommy Duets (7) Jschlatt (7) Schlatt & Wilbur Duets (3) Schlatt & Quackity Duets (1) Quackity (11) / Las Nevadas (4) (15) Quackity & Wilbur Duets (3) Charlie Slimecicle (3) Philza (10) / Mumza (2) (12) Karl Jacobs (15) Karlnapity (1) The Tales of the SMP (5) CaptainPuffy (5) BadBoyHalo (2) / & Skeppy (2) (4*) The Eggpire (5) / Red Banquet (2) (7*) (**11) Awesamedude (6) / Sam Nook (1) (7) Eret (9) Niki Nihachu (13) Niki & Jack Duets (1) Fundy (9) GeorgeNotFound (13) George & Sapnap Duets (1) Sapnap (6) Sapnap & Tubbo Duets (1) Hannahxxrose (3) FoolishGamers (6) Purpled (2) Purpled & Punz Duets (1) Other Characters (Punz, Ponk, Jack Manifold, ConnorEatsPants, Aimsey, BoomerNA, etc.) (6) Musicals (4) / Albums (2) (6) Origins SMP (4) Additional/Related Songs (MCC, Manhunt, Lovejoy, GNF OF, etc.) (26)

31 notes - Posted August 12, 2022

fuck you *warrior cat-ifies ur gay lego monkies*

i dont know why they were so easy to turn into warrior cats. truly it should not have been this easy. and yet... i already have an entire fucking plotline in my brain, ugh

blame this line: “Have you been running around with OTHER MENTORS?!” (vid linked)

yep! it’s Lego Monkie Kid but as Warrior Cats! i feel like their warrior names are pretty self explanatory lmao (Monkey King + Sun Wukong; shadow monkey + Six-Eared Macaque). but wait, you scream, MKpaw???? thats not a warrior name!!!

simpletons. in this AU, the legendary clans are distant history, long forgotten tales told to kits. so then why do they have warrior names? because Wukong (Monkeysun) and Macaque (Shadowear) were both born into the clans, and remain one of the few survivors of it. MK is a kittypet (or stray cat) who is enraptured by the tales of clancats that his friend-slash-father-figure Tang tells him. said stories involve a certain “long-tailed cat” named Monkeysun, the warrior who “stole the stars” and “lived forever.”

yep! Monkeysun stole the stars. Literally. Because in LMK everything is literal. Well, literal-ish. By stars, I mean the powers of StarClan granting lives. That’s how Monkeysun gained immortality in this AU - instead of stealing peaches, wine, and pills, he broke the Moonpool and granted himself a million lives. of course, this meant leaders could no longer gain their nine lives, and, understandably, many cats were upset, so of course, using what power they had left, the leader of StarClan (the Jade Emperor) buried Monkeypaw (he was an apprentice at the time) underneath the earth, in the tunnels, where he would roam and starve forever until all of his lives were gone.

course, that didnt happen, and Monkeypaw was freed to journey alongside the monk Tripitaki, who would be like a guardian cat or Sisters equivalent I suppose, and he and the other gang would partake in a journey to the west/sundrown place to find Buddha (a Rock or Midnight equivalent figure). why do the take the journey in this AU? honestly idk lmao.

anyway! what about Shadowear?? well, Monkeysun (who earns that name from Tripitaki) kills him when Shadowear attempts to kill Tripitaki, but! Even tho the power of the stars are gone, the Dark Forest still lurks, and the Lady Bone Demon (prob called Bonestar, formerly Bonelily or smthn) uses her powers to give Shadowear a life, resurrecting him, so long as he follows her rules...

similarly, the Mayor is able to possess cats like Ashfur, and wants to grant the power to his Lady but he needs to free her first, which is Shadowear’s purpose (it’ll have something to do with the Moonpool probably)

so flash forward to the present and MK finds Monkeysun’s stick (bcus of COURSE its a stick in this au lmao) and becomes his apprentice, training in the way of the warriors. Mei, ofc, joins him, and Pigsy is against it, while Tang is in awe. And Sandy’s supportive but wary with his own dark history (coughgangcatcoughBloodClancough). also yep Pigsy, Tang, and Sandy are still reincarnations, and Mei has the “dragon” ancestry still (the Samadhi fire stuff i dont have figured out yet, though it might be some magic Moonpool stuff instead maybe - oh also Nezha is the guardian of the Moonpool now, and maybe Chang’e is the guardian of the Moonstone? and DBK lives in the mountains and therefore guards the Tribe’s magic cave thing?)

also here’s some warrior names that wouldnt technically be canon to this au:

Pigsy -> Pigflower (why flower? because he cooks, and flowers are like herbs)

Pigsy’s first life/Zhu Bajie -> Boarbelly (bcus he eats people)

Sandy -> Bluesand (do i need to explain this one? not sure what JTTW Sandy/Sha Wujing’s name would be tho)

Tang -> Goldenshine or Brightshine or similar (once again not sure what his OG/Tripitaki’s name would be - maybe Goldensun to parallel Monkeysun?)

Mei -> Dragonblaze (”but Dragon isn’t-” FINE, Lizardblaze)

Ao Lie/White Horse Dragon -> ...Whitehorse? or Whiteflash

Demon Bull King -> Bullfang

Princess Iron Fan -> Windstorm, Windstream, Windbreeze, Breezestorm, etc.

Red Son -> Redflame

Nezha -> Ringfire, Lotusfire or Lotusheart

34 notes - Posted July 8, 2022

See the full post

46 notes - Posted February 7, 2022

My #1 post of 2022

i fucking love Terry and i will fistfight anyone who looks at him mean

465 notes - Posted November 14, 2022

Get your Tumblr 2022 Year in Review →

#this tickles my aesthetic brain #tumblr2022 #year in review #my 2022 tumblr year in review #your tumblr year in review #random #spam #alollinglaughingcat #lollingcat #lolling-cat #not art

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aninklingof · 2 years

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Masterpost!

Tags!

#Seans tickle fics— tickle fics

#Seans ficlets— tickle ficlets

#Sean’s stupid brain— random shit

#sean does a ramble— ramble posts

#sean cepts— my hcs

#sean’s sad ask box— answered asks

#seany’s non tword art— for non-tickle art

#seany’s tword art— for tickle art

#Sean’s OCs— OC info, fics, etc.

Dream SMP

Fics:

Revenge of the ‘eeee!’— Lee! Karl, Ler! Sapnap

A Warrior’s Weakness— Lee! Wilbur, Ler! Techno

Baby Pandas— Lee! Sapnap, Ler! Dream

The Great Ler Mood of Twitchcon— Lee! George & Karl, Ler! Quackity

A Taste of Your Own Medicine— Lee! DreamXD, Ler! George

A Tickly Detour— Lee! Dream, Ler! skulk sensor

An Unlucky Encounter— Lee! Dream Ler! DreamXD

I’m Not Allowed To Hurt You…. — Lee! Tommy Ler! Dream (C!)

Be Quiet, Or Else…. — Lee! George Ler! Dream (manhunt)

The Challenge — Lee! George & Dream

Interrogation— Lee! Dream (TW: intense tkls!)

A Massage for Dream— Lee! Dream Ler! George & Sapnap

The Compliment Monster— Lee! Karl Ler! Sapnap

A TikTok Challenge Gone Wrong— Lee! Dream Ler! George

The Tickliest Giggle Button— Lee! Dream Ler! George

Monkey in the Middle— Lee! George & Sapnap Ler! Dream

Sweet Revenge— Lee! George & Dream Ler! Sapnap

Let Me Help— Lee! Dream Ler! Sapnap & George

Just Pretending— Lee! George Ler! Dream (Giggles and Ghasts!)

Hide and… Stuck?— Lee! Sapnap Ler! Dream ( @rxsahgrce ‘s Sapnap tickle week)

Sweet Giggles, Soft Feathers— Lee! Sapnap Ler! Quackity ( @rxsahgrce ‘s Sapnap tickle week)

A Little Bit of Tickles— Lee! Dream Ler! Sapnap ( @rxsahgrce ‘s Sapnap tickle week)

Surprise Attack!!— Lee! Karl Ler! Sapnap ( @rxsahgrce ‘s Sapnap tickle week)

3 Times Rough & 1 Time Soft: Sapnap ed.— Lee! Sapnap birthday fic!!🎉

Head Hips Masager— Lee! George Ler! Dream

Revenge Has Never Been Sweeter— Lee!Dream Ler!George (sequel to Head Hips Massager!)

A Balancing Act— Lees! Dream & Sapnap Ler! George

Twitchcon Tricep Nibbles— Lee! George Ler! Sapnap ✨ficlet✨

Just a Dream— Lee! Dream Tickle monster AU!

Not a Big Deal— Lee! Sapnap Tickle monster AU!

Tickle Art:

“Tickle Hunt” Fanart— Lee! Dream

Blob Dream Fanart— Lee! Dream month

Hoodie Tickles— Lee! Dream month

Dream Skulk Tickles— Lee! Dream

>Blob Dream being tickled w/ paintbrush— Lee! Blob Dream

>Dream Feather tickles— Lee! Dream

>Even more Blob Dream Tickle Art— Lee! Blob Dream

Fluffallamaful & Soup Anon “tickle therapy au” fanart— Lee! Dream

>Fluffallamaful & Soup Anon “tickle therapy au” fanart Part 2– Lee! Dream TW: feet tickles!

Lee! Sapnap Tickles

Mushie’s Lee George week art— TW: intense tickles, tickle machine

“A Balancing Act” fanart

“Phantasmagoria” fanart— original fic by @wishitweresummer TW: intense tickles

“Vibe Check!” Raspberries Fanart— Lee!Dream Ler! George

Lee! Sap Upside down tickles fanart— original concept by wishitweresummer

Non-Tickle Art:

CC! Punz fanart

Eburnean! Tommy AU fanart (BLOOD TW)

CC! Dream Face Reveal fanart

C! TNTduo fanart

CC! Dream at his computer fanart

CC! Dream “whatcha got there?” Fanart

C! Dream Team training regime fanart

CC! Wilbur Soot fanart

Ghostbur birthday fanart

CC! Ranboo fanart

A Gaggle of Dreams fanart

Lovejoy “Call me what you like” fanart

Karlnapity Hug Fanart

Karlnapity Fanart (photo)

Genloss Ranboo Fanart

DNF kiss fanart

George’s Mushroom Patches fanart— inspired by @covenofwives

C!Dream Fanart— idea by @fluffallamaful

R800 Ranboo Fanart

OCs

Introduction of Inkling and Zero

Not Ticklish?— Lee! Inkling Ler! Zero

Scars and Lost Time— Lee! Zero Ler! Inkling

Crop Tops and Tickle Monsters— Lee! Inkling Ler! Zero

Pride Month Inkling Art

>Introduction of CovenTK (character made for @covenofwives )

>More hcs for CovenTK

>Tumblr comments OC challenge!

To Calm A Starshine— Lee! Inkling Ler! Sundrop(FNAFsb)

Meeting Someone New— Lee! GeorgeHD Ler! CovenTK & DreamXD (@covenofwives )

Meet Harper— w/ @iturathedutchie

Tickle Charts for My OCs

Harper & Itura Sharing 1 Braincell— w/ @iturathedutchie

#masterpost #masterlist #fic list #tickle community #sean’s stupid brain #seans tickle fics #Seans ficlets #seans sad ask box #sean does a ramble #sean cepts #seany’s non tword art #seany’s tword art #Sean’s OCs

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xaeyrnofnbe · 2 years

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(this is like. a joke or whatever. i did this because i thought it would be funny. also it’s only gonna be the people i’m familiar enough with, so not every member will be listed)

dream smp members rated based off of how good of a furry i think they’d be

dream, george and sapnap: 4/10. they’d be funny but i also think they’d be kinda weird about it.

badboyhalo and skeppy are a 9/10 they’d have the best fursonas and would probably have fursuits with some sort of matching detail. like something on their fursuits would be the others main color. it would be adorable and hilarious.

awesamdude: 5/10 i think he’d have one of those cool scary fursuits and like fifty fursonas. almost all of them are edgy but he never leans into it when fursuiting.

antfrost. 10/10 warrior cat fans are literally just diluted furries.

jack manifold is like a 3/10 he’d have one of those generic like wolf or husky fursonas that every other furry has. he’d be the life of the party though and his fursuit acting would be off the charts. everybody would want a picture with grey-and-white canine #127

nihachu: 10/10 she’d have the coolest most unique looking fursona and like so many fursuits from the best makers. like they’d be ranging from cute pink toony cats to those cool creepy realistic canine suits. maybe a dragon one too.

wilbur soot is a 8/10 he would probably commission a lot of art and have a good number of fursuits but he’d only ever go to cons and meetups in his skulldog mini partial. it’s revivebur themed. i also think he’d change his fursona like every other week. most of them are pretty ridiculous.

philza: 8/10 he would have one fursona that he’s had since like middle school and it’s some sort of hybrid fantasy creature. he wouldn’t have a fursuit but he’d be a fantastic fursuit handler. definitely a big furry protector and gives a lot of advice when it comes to making fursonas and taking care of fursuits.

technoblade: 6/10 only really a furry by technicality, doesn’t really participate in any furry activities but would have a sick fursuit. wilbur got it for him.

tommyinnit: 9/10 there’s a fine line between an animal person and a furry. he’d have a super unique but simple fursona, i think it’d probably be a dog. yeahyeahyeah you might think it’d be a cow or something, no. he’d have a cute and toony dog fursona that is literally just him. like a yellow/blond and white dog with big floppy ears and a bandana. the only reason he’s not a 10/10 is because he’d probably be REALLY active on tiktok.

tubbo: probably a 5/10 like he could go either way. he’d probably be a pretty chill furry y’know like not be super into cons and fursuit meetups and stuff but like he’d have at least a mini partial fursuit of like… probably something cool actually. his fursona would be one of those popular original species like a manokit or a protogen. maybe even a dutch angel dragon.

ranboo is a 7/10 he’d be really annoying and extra about it but he’d support a lot of artists. he’s got like several different versions of the same fursuit from throughout the years and it’s like a dragon dog or something. maybe a dragon cat but i don’t think he’d risk it. literally everyone would be able to recognize his fursona because it’s really well designed but like there’s a negative attachment to it. he’d be cringe as hell if enabled, i think.

quackity: 6/10 he’d be a weird one but would have a really cool fursuit of his fursona that’s like a really cool original species he made that has a lot of lore. nobody would be able to tell that he put so much effort into it though because the character would be the stupidest most insane thing ever.

karl jacobs: 10/10 would have a cute and simple but distinct cat fursona, i don’t know if he would have a fursuit or not but he’d be really active in the community. everyone would love him and his dumb cat sona. if he did have a fursuit he’d put so much life into it when acting that the character would be completely separate from him.

eret: 8/10 your average cool furry. they’d have one of those fursuits that are lowkey kinda…… but they’d be overall a chill and supportive furry i think.

foolish: 5/10 probably kind of annoying but still alright. his fursona would either be something super crazy over the top cool or something kind of generic and boring.

fundy: 0/10

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dukesleftbreast · 3 years

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RE8 Characters and Their Icks

You know what. Fuck it. *ruins your comfort character*

Sorry in advance 💀🙌🏻

Mother Miranda:

Takes pictures of food and Starbucks order to plaster it all over Instagram. She genuinely thinks people care

She was the original Horse Girl

Thinks pronouns are stupid and then gets angry when people refer to her with anything other than she/her pronouns

Alcina Dimitrescu

Fights with people on Facebook

Says ‘who’s that?’ when you show her a meme

Karen

Karl Heisenberg

Smells his underwear to see if he can risk wearing it for the second day in a row

Believes the sumbliminal videos on YouTube that claim to make him taller

Moans during class

Makes fun of people’s dead parents

Donna Beneviento

Owns a ‘normal people scare me’ shirt

Has dirt under nails

Read warrior cats

Salvatore Moreau

Chews and talks with his mouth open

Loudly talks during movies and tries to explain the plot and motives of the characters.

Listens to Lana Del Rey and thinks it makes him unique

The Duke

I refuse to write anything for this king. He is perfect and has no icks.

Bulk bought toilet roll

Cassandra Dimitrescu

Reminds the teacher about homework and tests

Pushes people to show affection

Posts selfies without checking the background and ends up getting bullied ruthlessly by her sisters because they saw something they shouldn’t have

Bela Dimitrescu

Drinks WKD and pretends she’s drunk

Fakes her sneezes to be more high pitched

Also read warrior cats

Daniela Dimitrescu

Wears her pad a little longer than normal

Has a monster energy can collection and made on of those gun things

No social awareness, farts and burps in public

Ethan Winters

Made song parodies on youtube when he was a kid but forgot the password so he can’t delete them. Karl definitely found them and used them against him.

Thinks he can dance. He can’t dance

Claps when the plane lands

Listens to imagine dragons

Drew furry art when he was younger

#I’m willing to ruin the other characters #but I refuse to ruin the duke for myself #resident evil village #resident evil #resident evil 8 #karl heisenberg #lady dimitrescu #alcina dimitrescu #dimitrescu #salvatore moreau #donna beneviento #mother Miranda #bela dimitrescu #cassandra dimitrescu #daniela dimitrescu #re: village #re: v #my post

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zecoritheweirdone · 3 years

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*pulls out spoon* kindly asking u to share knowledge of epic bench bugs au <3

:DD!!

(aight dsmpblr if you don’t know bug fables i Highly recommend checking it out it do be good.)

okay so i haven’t actually shared too much of it over here on tumblr(or anywhere really,, fkdmdkdmr) but the basic idea that i have said before is that it’s a dream smp bug fables au,,, with the bench trio taking the place of team snakemouth. none of them quite fill the roles Exactly,, but they are based vaguely on each member,, tubbo being kabbu, tommy being vi, and ranboo being leif. only ranboo keeps the bug type of the original role(if you’d played the game you’d know why(technically speaking bc this is an au i Could change that,,, but i don’t wanna,, dkdmdkdmdk. ‘sides, i like mothboo,,)),, while tubbo becomes a bee and tommy becomes a damselfly. originally i called him a dragonfly,, but turns out!! the npc i was referencing for his design(riz) was not, in fact, a dragonfly,,,, and i do Not wanna redesign him i Just got used to his design. so. he be damselfly now <3.

and speaking of designs,,, art (and a lot more infodumping) below!

color theory my beloathed <3

yes tubbo has a bazooka. he deserves it. also it ain’t shown here but tommy gets knives.

i also thought about who other characters would be,,,, thinking queen elizant ii would maybe be eret? with maki being foolish bc eternal duo? i also wanna say karl be neolith bc of his whole library thing,, but i think someone close to tubbo might make more sense,, since kabbu and neolith are pretty close in the game (read: gay bugs).

thinking mothiva and zasp would be wilbur and techno respectively? except wilbur is a lot less toxic(more teasing),,, and they are actually friends.

oh also micheal is here too!! (the piglin not the mcchill) he be chompy ^v^,,, thinking he might be a little rotten,, since he is a zombie piglin,,,

now back to the bench trio,, attack styles!!! i thought out some attack styles for them,, kinda like how kabbu is a tank,, vi focuses on long range,, and leif uses ice powers. thinking tubbo might be a hard hitter with his bazooka,, but as a consequence he might have a low hp or it takes a long while for him to attack. tommy hits fast,, and a lot,, might be able to take a lot hits,,, but his attacks alone don’t do a lot of damage. despite being the one i think about the most, i don’t actually have a lot of ideas for ranboo’s attacks. all i know is that he’s got powers kind of like an enderman. i Was thinking he could be a healer of sorts? but that does not relate to enderman at all so. wh. might be able to blast some sort of orb thing? like the enderdragon?? shrugs???

speaking of enderman powers,, he can also teleport! and i’m debating whether or not to keep the water allergy,,,, bc like. the bugs in the game already have an aversion to water, because. bugs. and not to mention,, uh. [stares at the end of chapter 1]. yeah. yeah no if he was allergic to water he would either be Dead or need medical attention fkfmdkfmfknff.

anyway switching topics once again (look at me so good at transitions),, muze!!! thinking niki could take the place of muze. niki is also muse. also also instead of it being a marriage it’s more of a sibling relationship. if you know what i’m talking about,, ;D! if you don’t, suffer <3. ash and zachary both take the place of tod, and no one really replaces the father(wiki calls him grandpa),, he is Nerfed. no longer exists. instead there is awkward cousin john john. yes i am bringing the tales from the smp characters into this, otherwise this would be Weird.

wilbur and niki are friends that is importent to note for me. also jack is,,, somewhere, idk.

the captain and crumb are also here!!! heck yeah!!!!!! they are both beetles(or crumb might be a fruity bug),, and they are tubbo’s (adoptive) family. i would also like to reemphasize the fact that tubbo replaces kabbu. :D!!!!!!!!

unrelated to that last point. the beast. the beast is relatively the same but it’s coloring is more like the enderdragon. why? idk man i just thought it’d be Neat.

oh,, and the wasp king? dream,, 100% dream. (and puffy is(was?) the wasp queen,,)

and phil,,, thinking he could take the place of acolyte aria? and kristen could be venus!!! don’t know if i wanna fully replace the harvest part of her godly status, or add that to it,,, but either way she is also thought to be in charge of death :D! and maybe also primes idk jfmfkdmd. do i know what being the god of primes entails? absolutely not.

also,, this ain’t related to anything from the game,, but i was thinking phil might have been a warrior back in the day? the angel of death :DD!! was teamed with techno,, mayhaps,, before phil retired and tech teamed with wil.

and,,, that’s pretty much it, in terms of characters, i think? aside from a small idea of bad being The Wizard,,,, and also skeppy just. Being There. you simply cannot separate them.

and simply because my brain is hyperfixated on them at the moment,, and i already added tftsmp characters here,,, ran and jackie. they are just. Here. ran might be some sort of thief,, either with whoever replaces astotheles(maybe ponk??? only really thinking that because of,, well. [gestures vaguely]. yeah.),, a separate group,, or just on his own. and jackie. jackie is just There. to cause problems on purpose.

and uh,,, okay Now that’s all i got. aside from doodles during school but that would require me getting Up and taking pictures of them, and. no <3. that being said i Do have pictures of some of em.

if you don’t know bug fables lore simply ignore the two niki’s you don’t need to know about that ;DDD!!!

also idk if i’ll actually add enderwalking in here,,, but like. bogos binted, am i right, folks?

#zecori rambles #zecori answers #dream smp #bench bugs au #wrote this while listening to the centaurworld ost 😎#clementine might also exist here still thinking about whether or not to make her canon #if she is she will be a lil pillbug tommy adopted #don’t know if i want to have ranboo talk using we or not;; cuz like on one hand. [gestures towards leif]. but on the other hand #it feels like it’s more of a leif thing than a ranboo thing?? despite the fact that they will have Almost the same backstory #and such should be affected the same (aside from powers)#but ¯\_(ツ)_/¯#anyway tubbo and ranboo both got backstories but tommy doesn’t really have one;;;#can’t really use vi’s since 1) he ain’t a part of a hive and 2) the only fam he could have are [gestures at wil tech phil tubbo and ranboo]#i’m sure i’ll think of something fidnkddmdk #also!! instead of leif being the one obsessed with cute animals it’s tommy #and less cute more any animal #except micheal he has a vendetta against him #(that’s a lie he cares extremely about micheal)#don’t know who would be one who’s good with spy cards…..#maybe tubbo?#¯\_(ツ)_/¯#also very important to mention but when team jubilee (wil and tech) meet team snake out for the first time;#it’s less ‘heehoo gonna steal all the glory’#and more ‘what the heck these are Literal Children how did they beat snakemouth den’

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tlatollotl · 5 years

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The Tula-Chichen-Tollan Connection

This was a paper I wrote for a class that essentially summarizes the book Twin Tollans: Chichén Itzá, Tula, and the epiclassic to early postclassic Mesoamerican world edited by Jeff Karl Kowalski and Cynthia Kristan-Graham. I thought I would share the paper with you all. I hope you enjoy it.

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For over century academics have squabbled over the supposed connection between the pre-Columbian Central Mexican city of Tula and the northern Yucatan city of Chichen Itza. Tula, situated in the Mexican state of Hidalgo north of present-day Mexico City, was once the center for a culture that we attribute to the Toltec, a semi-mythical and historical culture that once influenced Central Mexico. Chichen Itza is located on the limestone shelf of the Yucatan peninsula, a little over 1100 kilometers away as the crow flies from Tula, and was once the capital of a large Maya polity engaged in extensive coastal trade. Despite the distance between the two centers, academics have created an entwined mixture built upon archaeological and historical interpretations, not data, to try to link these two cities together. As a result, the Tula-Chichen-Tollan connection has created its own sort of mythos that makes understanding this connection difficult to research.

Researchers have cut down entire forests and drained seas of ink for over a century as they debated back in forth in the pages of scholarly journals and university press books over whether a connection exists between Tula and Chichen Itza, what constitutes such a connection, and how that connection formed in the past. After this century plus long debate, academics are no closer to resolving this question than when they started. How and why such a connection between Tula and Chichen Itza first began is something that many scholars have seemed to forget or ignored in their pursuit of the Tula-Chichen-Tollan connection. This paper explores the historiography of the Tula-Chichen-Tollan connection by recounting how the connection began, what sorts of evidence scholars have tried to draw upon, issues in resolving the question pertaining to a connection, and finally concluding with my own thoughts on the connection and whether it exists between Tula and Chichen Itza.

Definitions

To understand the Tula-Chichen-Tollan connection debate, we must define a number of terms in order to understand the origin and debate regarding the connection. This is necessary due to scholars over the past century using some of the same terms to mean multiple things, which only add to the confusion and general noise regarding the research of this connection. Some scholars use these terms as lines of evidence to support or refute the Tula-Chichen-Tollan connection, but these will be discussed in more detail later.

The first important term to define is tollan, a Nahuatl word that means “place of reeds,” “place of bulrushes,” or “place of cattails” (Kowalski and Kristan-Graham 2007: 22). Nahuatl speakers use this word to denote a densely populated settlement, what we would think of as an urban or low density urban city (Isendahl and Smith 2013). The word tollan denotes a city because the number of people in a city is as plentiful as the number of reeds, bulrushes, or cattails found near bodies of water. The Aztec glyph for tollan reflects this connotation by depicting reeds and cattails near a pool of water. Of importance to the Tula-Chichen-Tollan connection is that Tollan is the name of capital city of the Toltecs mentioned in ethnohistoric accounts recorded in the decades following the conquest of Mexico. This is a point that I will revisit later.

Tollan is often paired with the city’s name to reinforce that connotation with reeds and large numbers of people, as with the case of Tollan Tenochtitlan, one of three capitals of the Aztec Triple Alliance, and Tullam Chollan, also known by its modern name Cholula (Kowalski and Kristan-Graham 2007: 22-23). Both Tenochtitlan and Cholula were the two most densely populated urban centers at the time of Spanish contact in 1519. Tollan was also used in Mesoamerica as an honorific title for some centers. If a center is paired with the word tollan it is often because that place is a focus of political power, has important ancestral beginnings for a culture, and where the most prestigious of the nobility lived (Kowalski and Kristan-Graham 2007: 22). For example, Cholula was not only a densely urban space, but it was also a point of pilgrimage for Mixtec nobility who would travel to the city to have their septum pierced as part of a rite to ascend the throne (Kowalski and Kristan-Graham 2007: 22-23).

However, tollan does not need to be used as separate word and could simply be used as a prefix, either –tul or –tol, to add to other place names. For example, Tulancingo was the name for three separate centers in Hidalgo, Veracruz, and Oaxaca respectively (Kowalski and Kristan-Graham 2007: 22). Despite tollan being a designation for an urban center and the use of prefixes to denote urban centers, at the time of contact in 1519 there were no settlements, occupied or abandoned, that were simply named Tollan. The closest example we have is the site of Tula (Kowalski and Kristan-Graham 2007: 24).

Archaeologists and historians gave the name Tula to the archaeological site located next to the modern town of Tula in the Mexican state of Hidalgo. When Fray Bernardino de Sahagún began writing his Historia General in the mid-16th century, he recorded myths about a Tollan once occupied by the Toltec, the supposed civilized half of Mexica ancestry. The Mexica, one of several ethnic groups that form what we call the Aztecs, were the founders of Tenochtitlan who were once chichimecas (“dog people”) that had roamed north-central Mexico before arriving to the Basin of Mexico sometime during the Late Postclassic. To solidify their claims to power, the Mexica married into families that had Toltec ancestry, the most noble and prestigious of ancestry to be descended from. Other than recording ethnohistoric accounts from the Aztec people, Sahagún also journeyed to the town of Tula in Hidalgo. During this visit, Sahagún made clear distinctions between the prehistoric ruins that we now call Tula and the contemporary town of Tula that he visited. Sahagún recorded the prehistoric ruins of Tula as tolla (or tollan) while the contemporary town of Tula next to the ruins was recorded as tulla (or tullan). Sahagún even differentiated between the peoples, with the prehistoric peoples of tolla referred to as toltecas and the contemporary people of tulla as tultecas (Kowalski and Kristan-Graham 2007: 25). Despite these clear linguistic differences, the ruins near Tula were associated with the name Tula rather than Tolla. This slight difference in names contributed to the academic debate of where the Tollan of ethnohistoric accounts was located, a point that I will return to later in this paper.

As mentioned previously, Tollan was the location of the Toltec people recorded in ethnohistoric accounts. By the 20th century, however, the term Toltec could refer to one of a number of differing things including: a descendant of Teotihuacan, the ancestor of the Aztecs, the art style found at the archaeological site of Tula, a follower of Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl, an honorific title for an ancestor or a skilled artisan, the name of the Central Mexican warriors thought to have conquered Chichen Itza, the name of the art style that these alleged invaders introduced to the Maya of Yucatan, the name of a horizon period between the abandonment of Teotihuacan and the rise of the Aztec Triple Alliance, and the supposed ancestors of the Quiche and other highland Maya peoples (Kowalski and Kristan-Graham 2007: 24). As we can see, terms and their definitions matter, especially considering that not all of these things necessarily relate to one another. For the purposes of this paper, Toltec will refer primarily to the people who once occupied the archaeological site of Tula and, to a less extent, the semi-mythical and historic ancestors of the Aztecs. The use of the term Toltec to refer to both of these groups is not because we assuming the semi-mythical ancestors of the Aztecs are the same people who once occupied Tula. Instead, the use of the term for both groups reflects both archaeological and ethnohistoric naming conventions.

So far, the terms focus on Central Mexico and not the Maya. This is the result of the Tula-Chichen-Tollan connection assuming that a Central Mexican influence spread to Chichen Itza without considering other possibilities. For example, perhaps it was Chichen Itza that influenced Tula or perhaps there is something larger happening during this time period involving the participation of both Tula and Chichen Itza. This one-sidedness is a reflection of the bias and confidence scholars have in being able to characterize what is or is not Maya. For those things that are not Maya, scholars could argue those things are Toltec or Central Mexican. Important to this discuss are two terms from the Maya region: Itza and Puuc.

Itza is name of a Maya ethnic group whose ancestral home is located in the Petén Itza region of Guatemala. Sometime at the end of the Terminal Classic period, the Itza are believed to have migrated north towards Yucatan where they helped to found the city of Chichen Itza (Kowalski and Kristan-Graham 2007: 35). One of the ruling families of Mayapan, a later Maya city seen to be the successor of Chichen Itza, called Cocom are believed to have originated from Chichen Itza. After the abandonment of Mayapan, remnants of the Itza ethnic group returned south to the Petén Itza region where they established Nojpeten, the last Maya kingdom to fall to the Spanish in 1697 (Jones 1998).

Puuc is a term that refers to a region of Yucatan and an artistic style employed at sites within that region. The Puuc region is located in the Puuc hills south of the modern city of Merida. Within the Puuc hills are a number of large centers like Uxmal, Sayil, and Kabah. One of the ruling families of Mayapan called the Xiu are believed to have originated from Uxmal (Kowalski 2007). Together with the Cocom family, they ruled Mayapan for several centuries before the Xiu slaughtered most of the Cocom family (Jones 1998). The Xiu ancestors would have been living at Uxmal at the time of Chichen Itza’s founding.

The Beginnings

The beginning of the Tula-Chichen-Tollan connection largely began in the 19th century, but had its roots in the early colonial period shortly after the conquest of Mexico. The first person to make an explicit connection between Tula and Chichen Itza was by Désiré Charnay, a French explorer and archaeologist at the end of the 19th century and into the early 20th century. While Charnay was not the first to note similarities between some of the sculptures documented and recorded at both Tula and Chichen Itza, Charnay’s contribution lay in his more rigorous work with excavating at Tula, describing in detail the sculptures and artifacts from the site, and drawing more explicit parallels with artifacts recovered from Chichen Itza (Gillespie 2007: 93). Charnay’s objective for comparing these two sites together was not because he believed they shared a special, exclusive relationship in the past. Instead, like other 19th century anthropologists, Charnay was preoccupied with notions of race or “stocks” of people (Gillespie 2007: 90-91). Charnay viewed the Toltec of Central Mexico as a “civilized people” that were the originators of indigenous American civilization. As they spread their influence throughout Mesoamerica, the Toltec left traces of their civilizing efforts on a number of pre-Columbian cities. Tula and Chichen Itza just so happened to be the two cities that Charnay selected out of several to illustrate and support his argument.

Charnay’s work at Tula and then his travels to Chichen Itza set the stage for the Tula-Chichen-Tollan debate. Because Charnay went first to Central Mexico and then to the Yucatan seeing artifacts and architecture at Tula before Chichen Itza, Charnay created this perception that influence was spreading out from Central Mexico to the Maya. Ethnohistoric accounts of a Toltec king sailing east, a point of discussion revisited in this paper, reinforced this perception. I cannot help but speculate that if Charnay had traveled to Chichen Itza first, instead of Tula, would Charnay be more awestruck by Chichen Itza’s monumentality and beautifully carved stone buildings than Tula’s unimpressive cobble stone work? Would Charnay have argued instead that the Maya were the ones who traveled in the past spreading their influence to Central Mexico? How would that have changed the Tula-Chichen-Tollan debate? We may never be able to answer these questions, yet the chain of events started by Charnay left a long lasting and powerful ripple in Mesoamerican archaeology that we still feel today.

Following Charnay’s initial comparisons between these two pre-Columbian cities, other researchers began turning towards texts to support or refute this connection. In the decades following the conquest of Mexico, Spanish colonials began recording indigenous oral histories or adding text to indigenous codices using the Latin alphabet as a means to make sense of the newly conquered area, find avenues to convert people to Christianity, and to legitimize indigenous political and property claims (Smith 2007: 586; Matthew and Oudijk 2007). Many of these oral histories fall into the realm of semi-mythical history in that they most likely recount recent events accurately, but older events may fall into the realm of myth (Smith 2007: 590-593). From some of these ethnohistoric accounts from Central Mexico we get tales of Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl, the supposed ruler of Tollan and Quiche ethnohistoric accounts from southern Mexico and Guatemala recount tales of migrations into the region. However, there are issues for scholars attempting to draw from these accounts to support the Tula-Chichen-Tollan connection.

When Spanish friars first began recording these oral histories, the friars repeatedly encountered a figure named Quetzalcoatl. Since their mission was to spread Christianity to this new region, the friars began focusing their attention on Quetzalcoatl. Aztec depictions of Quetzalcoatl the deity were often in human form giving the Spanish friars the false assumption that Quetzalcoatl was a physical person rather than a deity or icon. If the friars could understand who Quetzalcoatl was, the Spanish friars could somehow use this person to help convert the indigenous people to Christianity. However, because the friars were working under the assumption that Quetzalcoatl was a man and not a deity or an icon, the friars began to conflate all the names that used Quetzalcoatl into an amalgam of a single person. The result is a mess of conflicting accounts about who Quetzalcoatl was and what deeds they accomplished (Gillespie 2007: 89).

Quetzalcoatl is not merely the Nahuatl word to denote the feathered serpent deity of Central Mexico. The Aztec used Quetzalcoatl for the name or titles of people, real or mythical, in their oral historical accounts such as Ce Acatl Quetzalcoatl, Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl, and Nacxitl Quetzalcoatl. As with the variety of names and titles, so too, was there a variety of myths associated with the name Quetzalcoatl. For example, Quetzalcoatl is associated with being the last king of the Tollan dynasty, but other accounts place him to be the founder of the Tollan dynasty. Accounts differ on Quetzalcoatl’s demise, as well. Some say he traveled to the seacoast, to Tlapallan, a mythical place on the Gulf coast, or he simply traveled east. When Quetzalcoatl arrived to his destination he either sailed away, sacrificed himself to become the Morningstar, or he simply died (Gillespie 2007: 89). The conflicting details associated with Quetzalcoatl that the Spanish recorded were a result of when these accounts were written at different periods in the 16th century (Gillespie 2007: 107).

It is from these accounts that early academics began to wonder whether there was truth to Charnay’s suggestion that Tula (Tollan) and Chichen Itza relate to one another somehow. However, scholars attempting to draw from ethnohistoric accounts faced a conundrum. Western historical tradition in the 19th and early 20th century tended to treat documents as infallible and superior to archaeological information (Gillespie 2007: 106). As discussed, early colonial documents were inconsistent in the accounts and deeds of Quetzalcoatl, a person that may be more mythic than historic. Because of these conflicting accounts and the desire to draw upon historic documents, 19th century scholars lifted passages free from their contextual information to get at the “truth.” Scholars primarily drew upon later 16th century accounts influenced more by Spanish colonialism than early 16th century account in their search for historical information (Gillespie 2007: 107). The result was a “reconstructed” and “historic” account in which Quetzalcoatl was a human Toltec king of the city of Tollan located somewhere in Central Mexico. At some point during his reign, Quetzalcoatl fled Tollan for the Gulf Coast where he sailed east, presumably to Yucatan, bringing with him Toltec culture and civilization.

If these “historic events” could be gleaned or reconstructed from Central Mexican sources, academics were left asking if there was an equivalent in Maya ethnohistoric accounts. To their delight, Quiche ethnohistoric accounts do talk about their ancestors coming from Central Mexico, but these accounts, like the Chilam Balam, were written one to three centuries after the conquest of Mexico (Smith 2007: 587). As Michael Smith points out, migration is a common trope in indigenous mythic history and ethnic identity (Smith 2007: 592). It is not unusual to find other tales in other cultures of “stranger kings” who come to a region to rule a far off kingdom whether or not it was actually true. There is no reason for us to think that indigenous myths of migration are true without other lines of evidence (Beekman and Christensen 2003, 2011; Smith 2007: 593; Stone 2003).

Nonetheless, the Maya of Chichen Itza do have a Feathered Serpent deity called K’uk’ulkan. Part of the Tula-Chichen-Tollan connection is that the Toltecs brought with them a Feathered Serpent cult to Chichen Itza. This is based, in part, on the predominate Feathered Serpent imagery found in Central Mexico. However, the Feathered Serpent cult poses an issue in that it is largely associated with elite ideology. The method in which the Feathered Serpent cult expresses itself in material culture varies based on local religious, economic, and political conditions (Gillespie 2007: 102). It would be difficult to argue that the Toltec brought the Feathered Serpent cult to Yucatan unless without considering other methods of transmission. The argument concerning the transmission of the Feathered Serpent dieity becomes more complicated when you consider that friars Diego de Landa and Bartolome de Las Casas recorded in the 16th century that K’uk’ulkan originated in Yucatan and spread to the west becoming a god named “Cezalcouati” (Gillespie 2007: 90). Perhaps scholars would have latched on to this piece of knowledge had Charnay visited Chichen Itza first.

There are some interesting linguistic associations between the Feathered Serpent and the Maya that should be discussed. In the 16th century the Castillo, a radial stepped platform pyramid, located on the North Terrace at Chichen Itza was named K’uk’ulkan and was associated with a “historic” person and a deity (Gillespie 2007: 90). While this may not be unusual in the context of Charnay’s idea of the Toltec bringing culture to the Maya, there are some interesting linguistic associations that suggest an older, deeper relationship with the Feathered Serpent. In Mayan, there are a series of homophones in that these words sound similar, but mean different things. These words are kan which means “snake” or the number four, k’an which means “cross”, k’aan which means “cordage”, and ka’an which means “sky”. The Castillo itself is adorned with entwined serpents on its balustrades. The entwined serpents allude to the idea of divine cordage, which has Pre-Classic and Classic roots, and can be associated with the Mesoamerican cosmological idea of a Coatepec or Serpent Mountain. There are four stairways on the Castillo and, from above, the pyramid would look like a cross. During the spring equinox, the rising sun creates a shadow along one of the balustrades giving an illusion that a serpent is descending from the heavens down the pyramid to the carved serpent head on the ground. Within an earlier construction of the Castillo, archaeologists found a red painted jaguar throne that may be a representation of the Maize God’s creation throne. The Castillo thus represents a K’an Witz (witz meaning “mountain”) the Maya cosmological creation mountain rendered in a local Itza style by combining and expressing these different and associations in the architecture (Kowalski and Kristan-Graham 2007: 62).

Using textual evidence presents two very difficult problems. As mentioned already, Spanish recorded indigenous oral histories had their own agenda and intention. Oftentimes indigenous people used ethnohistoric accounts to solidify political claims in the Spanish colonial government. The other issue in using textual evidence is that none of the texts originates from the Toltec or Maya during the period in which scholars believed Tula (Tollan) and Chichen Itza were connected (Gillespie 2007: 92). These accounts are by later indigenous people and their ability to recall deeper past events is questionable (Smith 2007). For example, the later Aztec people portray the Toltecs as fantastic and exceptional metalworkers. However, when one looks at the archaeological record of Tula, the supposed capital of the Toltecs, one can see that the site of lacks substantial amounts of metal artifacts. Yet when we look at the archaeological record at Chichen Itza, which scholars argue is as Toltec as Tula, there are many more metal artifacts recovered at the site (Gillespie 2007: 100). There is also an issue in that there are no contemporary depictions of anyone with the name or designation of Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl at Tula. Though there is an Aztec carving of someone named “one reed” and associated with a feathered serpent at Cerro la Malinche in Central Mexico, this is weak evidence to establish that Quetzalcoatl the name was a real person. This discrepancy is not easily resolved when trying to argue for this strong connection between the two sites.

Another example that calls into question the usefulness of textual information is the fact that there are no Maya hieroglyphics at Chichen Itza, or any other northern Yucatan site, that recount an event in which a group of Central Mexican people arrived to Chichen Itza, by force or otherwise. There is a different instance of Central Mexicans reaching the Maya, but this instance occurred centuries prior in the Classic period between Teotihuacan and Tikal. Not only do multiple Maya sites take note of this entrada, but the Maya depict these invaders in Teotihuacan style accoutrements (Stuart 2000). Due to the lack of textual evidence recording a Toltec invasion to northern Yucatan, scholars have used artistic evidence from the art and iconography at Chichen Itza to compensate for this deficiency, despite the fact that Chichen Itza made use of hieroglyphs up until the late 9th century when the Toltec would have made their connection (Gillespie 2007: 98; Grube and Krochock 2007; Kowalski 2007). Nonetheless, some scholars still do not see this as an issue and instead try to turn to other textual evidence and the archaeological record to bolster their argument.

Continual Myth Making

Despite Charnay’s somewhat superficial comparison of artifacts and sculptures recovered from Tula and Chichen Itza and the problems associated of using a chimerical account of a possibly fictitious person named Quetzalcoatl that traveled to Yucatan bringing Toltec culture to the Maya, scholars continued to pursue the perceived connection between Tollan and Chichen Itza into the 20th century. In the 20th century, scholars shifted their focus from textual evidence toward physical evidence gathered from art studies and archaeology to answer two questions: where was Tollan and how a connection could be established using material culture between Tollan and Chichen Itza?

Today, archaeologists and art historians regard Tula as the place referenced in ethnohistoric accounts as Tollan. As previously discussed, there were many Tollans at the time of contact in 1519 including Tollan Tenochtitlan and Tullam Chollan. Further, the prefixes tol- and tul- often were used to denote an urban center, as was the case with the name Tulancingo. At the time of contact, the historic town of Tula was the only place in Central Mexico with a name closest to Tollan that did not use Tollan as a secondary name or use a prefix. However, the historic town of Tula is not the same as the current archaeological site of Tula located nearby. Despite Spanish friars like Sahagun noting a difference between the contemporary people living at Tula and the historic people that once occupied the ruins, early scholars, like Charnay, proposed that site of Tula was the Tollan of myth. The fact that reeds grew in abundance at the El Salitre Swamp near the archaeological site and town somewhat bolstered this early argument. However, reeds also grew in abundance near the Great Pyramid at Cholula and on the island shores of Tenochtitlan. However, the Otomi name for Tula, Mahmeni, means “congregation of people” mirroring the definition of the Nahuatl word Tollan (Kowalski and Kristan-Graham 2007: 23).

Nonetheless, early scholars were not convinced Tula could be the Tollan of myth. Teotihuacan was proposed to be the Tollan of myth that spread Toltec culture throughout Mesoamerica before the advent of radiocarbon dating could anchor local ceramic chronologies (Gillespie 2007: 94-95). It took decades before archaeologists established a chronological period between the abandonment of Teotihuacan and the rise of the Aztec Triple Alliance. Teotihuacan seemed like the leading contender with its massive size, Feathered Serpent pyramid, striking artwork, and obvious place of reverence by later Central Mexican peoples. Tula, on the other hand, was this small, minor center in a marginal environment with aesthetic shortcomings that did not match ethnohistoric accounts. George Kubler (Kubler 1984: 83 cited in Kowalksi and Kristan-Graham 2007: 53) marked in a publication, “the expression attained by the sculptors of Tula differs from that of their predecessors at Teotihuacan by their choice of deliberately harsh forms, which avoided grace and sought only aggressive asperities, gritty surfaces, and bellicose symbols”.

The critiques of Tula did not stop with comparisons to Teotihuacan. Scholars viewed the architecture of Chichen Itza to be more sophisticated and cosmopolitan than Tula. George Kubler (Kubler 1961 cited in Kowalski and Kristan-Graham 2007: 34) remarked that the architecture at Chichen Itza was reflective of a “creative hearth” while Tula looked like it was some kind of “frontier garrison. Jorge Acosta remarked that, “Tula has a majestic conception, but a mediocre realization” (Acosta 1956-57:76 cited in Kowalski and Kristan-Graham 2007: 53). Despite these critiques and the desire to establish Teotihuacan as the Tollan of myth, Tula eventually won the academic debate. Jimenez Moreno, conducting excavations at Tula, was able to demonstrate via ceramics recovered at the site that Tula postdated Teotihuacan and predated the Aztec Triple Alliance (Gillespie 2007: 97). This placement was bolstered by the chronology in the Anales de Cuauhtitlan, a Central Mexican document on the history of Central Mexico, in which the Tollan recounted in the document was referring to Tula, not Teotihuacan (Gillespie 2007: 97).

The context of shared attributes shared between the sites of Tula and Chichen Itza consist primarily of architectural and sculptural similarities found within the respective civic ceremonial centers of each site. The most common architectural features cited as evidence of a connection are the colonnaded halls, the Atlantean statues, the feathered serpent sculptures, and the Chacmool sculptures. However, Tula and Chichen Itza do not exclusively share these elements nor do these elements originate in the Terminal Classic/Epiclassic or Postclassic periods. Of these shared elements, I will focus on just the colonnaded hall for this paper.

At Tula, the primary ceremonial building of importance is Pyramid B or the Temple of Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli (“Dawn Lord”) which consists of a stepped platform with hundreds of stone columns to support a perishable roof. The equivalent structure at Chichen Itza is the Temple of the Warriors that also consists of a stepped platform with hundreds of stone columns to support a perishable roof (Kowalski and Kristan-Graham 2007: 60-61). Each colonnaded hall has images of warriors carved on its stone columns, though Tula does not have nearly as many carved columns as Chichen Itza’s Temple of the Warriors. Surely, this is convincing evidence of some sort of special connection between the two sites, but the differences between the two sites cannot be remedied.

First, the focus of the ceremonial centers at either site differs. The focus of Tula’s ceremonial center is on Pyramid B, but at Chichen Itza, the ceremonial center is on the Castillo. In fact, the Temple of the Warriors at Chichen Itza is located off to the side on the North Terrace and is not oriented in the same manner as Pyramid B. In addition, Tula, despite having rather large buildings for a Central Mexican Epiclassic site, lacks an equivalent to Chichen Itza’s Castillo. If the Toltec did, in fact, influence Chichen Itza from its very founding, why is the ceremonial center at Chichen Itza not focused on the Temple of the Warriors? Moreover, are colonnaded halls really that special and unique? As Kristan-Graham (2007) points out, the tradition of colonnaded halls and sunken patios predates both Tula and Chichen Itza at sites in the Bajío and north Mexico, such as La Quemada and Alta Vista in Zacatecas, during the Classic period. Why do scholars not look for sites that have a radial stepped pyramid as the focus of their ceremonial center, like the Castillo at Chichen Itza? Nielsen, Helmke, and Fenoglio (2018) proposed that the site of El Cerrito, in Queretaro, should be considered a third Tollan in the Tula-Chichen-Tollan connection. This is due, in part, to its pyramid that is reminiscent of the Castillo as well as a dearth of other related iconographic elements at the site. While El Cerrito does have a colonnaded hall of sorts, its hall differs in form to that of Pyramid B or the Temple of the Warriors.

If we continue to pick at the differences between the colonnaded halls, more of the Tula-Chichen-Tollan connection falls apart. For example, the construction of the columns between Tula and Chichen Itza also differ. At Tula, the columns are constructed with four basalt blocks held together without anything while at Chichen Itza, the columns are constructed with soft limestone cobles and held together with mortar and plaster (Kowalski and Kristan-Graham 2007: 57). The content of the columns also differ. Kowalski argues that the columns at the Temple of the Warriors could be seen as an outgrowth of the Classic Maya stela practice in that the individuals depicted are personalized and reflect Maya iconographic traditions in the upper and lower registers that surround the subject. The columns at the Temple of the Warriors depict different people on all four sides, not just one, which differ slightly from the Classic period stela practice (Kowalski 2007: 268-269). At Pyramid B, however, the majority of the columns were not sculpted, though they could have had their plaster painted (Kowalski 2007: 271). Of the sculpted columns recovered at Tula, the subjects are less individualized and more formalized and symmetrical much like the depictions of warriors at Teotihuacan (Kowalski 2007: 269). Even with a similar architectural form, the construction and content of the colonnaded halls between Tula and Chichen Itza differs leaving us asking what sort of connection there is between these two centers.

Concluding Thoughts

These shared attributes between Tula and Chichen Itza are woefully insufficient to represent a “site-unit” intrusion of migrants from another area settling in a new area (Gillespie 2007: 102). While scholars may not be able to explain why Tula and Chichen Itza may share some of these elements, it is unlikely to be the result of some kind of Toltec invasion or conquest of northern Yucatan during the Terminal Classic. Pasztory notes few instances in Mesoamerican where one group actually used the art style of another, different group (Kowalski and Kristan-Graham 2007: 56-57). That leaves us asking, what does style even mean? Atkins (1990: 155) defined style in the context of art history as the belief that artworks from a particular era share certain distinctive visual characteristics. These include not only size, material, color, and other formal elements, but also subject and content.” Priority to form over content, but for Tula and Chichen Itza it favors content over form. Despite superficial similarities, there is no unified art style between the two sites (Kowalski and Kristan-Graham 2007: 55).

Tula and Chichen Itza were most likely participating in the same sort of power grab that other Terminal Classic sites were engaged in after the fall of Teotihuacan, Tikal, and Calakmul. The “Toltec” warriors depicted at Chichen Itza could very well be a form of ancestral recall or “validation through history” (Kowalski and Kristan-Graham 2007: 57). The Itza of Chichen Itza may have depicted some of their warriors with a “Toltec Military Outfit” which is similar to the Teotihuacan military outfit with pillbox helmets, bird or butterfly pectorals, and the use of atlatls and arts (Kowalski and Kristan-Graham 2007: 30). Instead of Chichen Itza establishing a relationship to Tula to solidify their political power, elites at Chichen Itza may have been referencing the Teotihuacan entrada from the Classic period in both the artwork and architecture of the site. This would not be an unusual move considering the Aztecs made similar references to their supposed Toltec ancestors to legitimize their claims to the Basin of Mexico.

Does this mean that there was no movement of people to Chichen Itza? To answer that question I would say no, people most likely did travel to Chichen Itza. The city was, of course, an important trade city able to import obsidian from Central Mexico and gold from Central America. We know from stable isotope studies that people did travel around Mesoamerica as evident by the remains of people recovered at Teotihuacan that have origins in the present-day states of Veracruz and Oaxaca (Manzanilla 2015). Another example comes from the remains of an individual recovered at Lamanai, Belize that may be of West Mexican origin (White et al. 2009). People moved around in the past and that is without a doubt. However, how scholars have tried to form and bridge a connection between Tula and Chichen Itza is problematic and poorly executed. What makes matters worse is the lack of unpublished data and work to create a solid chronology for each site (Smith 2007). Until many of these issues are resolved, I am of the mind that there was no special link between Tula and Chichen Itza.

Bibliography

Acosta, Jorge R.

1956-1957 Interpretación de algunos data obtenidos en Tula relativos a la época Tolteca. Revista Mexicana de Estudios Antropológicos 14(2):75-110.

Beekman, Christopher S., and Alexander F. Christensen

2003 Controlling for doubt and uncertainty through multiple lines of evidence: A new look at the Mesoamerican Nahua migrations. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 10(2): 111-164.

2011 Power, agency, and identity: Migration and aftermath in the Mezquital area of north-central Mexico. In Rethinking Anthropological Perspectives on Migration, edited by Graciela S. Cabana and Jeffery J. Clark, pp. 147-174. University Press of Florida.

Gillespie, Susan D.

2007 Toltecs, Tula, and Chichen Itza: The Development of an Archaeological Myth. In Twin Tollans: Chichen Itza, Tula, and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World edited by Jeff Karl Kowalski and Cynthia Kristan-Graham, pp. 85-128. Harvard University Press.

Grube, Nikolai and Ruth J. Krochock

2007 Reading Between the Lines: Hieroglyphic Texts from Chichen Itza and Its Neighbors. In Twin Tollans: Chichen Itza, Tula, and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World edited by Jeff Karl Kowalski and Cynthia Kristan-Graham, pp. 205-250. Harvard University Press.

Isendahl, Christian, and Michael E. Smith

2011 Sustainable agrarian urbanism: the low-density cities of the Mayas and Aztecs. Cities 31: 132-143.

Jones, Grant

1998 The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom. Stanford University Press.

Kowalski, Jeff Karl

2007 What’s “Toltec” at Uxmal and Chichen Itza? Merging Maya and Mesoamerican Worldviews and World Systems in Classic to Early Postclassic Yucatan. In Twin Tollans: Chichen Itza, Tula, and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World edited by Jeff Karl Kowalski and Cynthia Kristan-Graham, pp. 251-314. Harvard University Press.

Kowalski, Jeff Karl, and Cynthia Kristan-Grham

2007 Chichen Itza, Tula, and Tollan: Changing Perspectives on a Recurring Problem in Mesoamerican Archaeology and Art History. In Twin Tollans: Chichen Itza, Tula, and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World edited by Jeff Karl Kowalski and Cynthia Kristan-Graham, pp. 13-84. Harvard University Press.

Kristan-Graham, Cynthia

2007 Structuring Identity at Tula: The Design and Symbolism of Colonnaded Halls and Sunken Plazas. In Twin Tollans: Chichen Itza, Tula, and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World edited by Jeff Karl Kowalski and Cynthia Kristan-Graham, pp. 531-578. Harvard University Press.

Kubler, George

1961 Chichen Itza y Tula. Estudios de Cultura Maya 1: 47-80. México D.F.

1984 The Art and Architecture of Ancient America: The Mexican, Maya, and Andean Peoples (3rd ed.). The Pelican History of Art. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England.

Manzanilla, Linda R.

2015 Cooperation and tensions in multiethnic corporate societies using Teotihuacan, Central Mexico, as a case study. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112(30): 9210-9215

Matthew, Laura E., and Michel R. Oudijk (editors)

2007 Indian Conquistadors: Indigenous allies in the conquest of Mesoamerica. University of Oklahoma Press.

Nielsen, Jesper, Christophe Helmke, and Fiorella Fenoglio

2018 A Dark Horse of the Early Postclassic: The Site of El Cerrito (Queretaro, Mexico) and its Relationship to Chichen Itza and Tula. Paper presented at the 83rd Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, April 13th, Washington D.C.

Smith, Michael E.

2007 Tula and Chichen Itza: Are We Asking the Right Questions? In Twin Tollans: Chichen Itza, Tula, and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World edited by Jeff Karl Kowalski and Cynthia Kristan-Graham, pp. 579-618. Harvard University Press.

Stone, Tammy

2003 Social Identity and Ethnic Interaction in the Western Pueblos of the American Southwest. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 10(1): 31-67.

Stuart, David

2000 The arrival of Strangers. In Mesoamericas Classic Heritage: From Teotihuacan to the Aztecs edited by David Carrasco, Lindsay Jones, and Scott Sessions, pp 465-513. University Press of Colorado, Boulder.

White, Christine D., Fred J. Longstaffe, David M. Pendergast, and Jay Maxwell

2009 Cultural Embodiment and the Enigmatic Identity of the Lovers from Lamanai. In Bioarchaeology and Identity in the Americas edited by Kelly Knudson and Christopher Stojanowski, pp. 155-176. University Press of Florida.

#archaeology #arqueologia #tula #chichen itza #mesoamerica #maya #toltec #history #historia #quetzalcoatl #feathered serpent #uxmal #hidalgo #teotihuacan #aztec

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hayingsang · 4 years

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What I read last year

Favourite book of 2019 – Robert Fitzgerald’s translation of The Aeneid. I wasn’t prepared for just how exciting this story was. Fantastic from start to end, even when you know what’s going to happen next. I also hugely enjoyed Emily Wilson’s translation of The Odyssey, not least for her excellent introduction and its highlighting of lots of stuff to watch out for (especially all those brutal killings when Odysseus finally makes it home), and Pat Barker’s retelling of the Iliad from the point of view of Briseis, the young woman seized by Achilles to be his bed slave after her city is sacked during the siege of Troy.

Most exciting book – Eve Babitz’s Slow Days, Fast Company, her 1977 account of life in early 1970s Los Angeles. Also perhaps the most “masterly” book I’ve read in a long time – in my experience, most writing involves the writer getting it out there, usually using techniques they’ve built up over time; through SDFC’s collection of tales I felt I was reading what Babitz had decided was most appropriate for her readers to know. Extraordinary control. Loved it.

I would pair that with Patti Smith’s Just Kids, about her and Robert Mapplethorpe making themselves into artists in the very late 1960s/early 1970s New York – which feels like the total opposite of Babitz, ie Smith telling it how it was. Not particularly caring for her music – I loathed Horses as a 16-year-old – I was surprised how much I enjoyed/learned from her account of her life after she left home, struggling first to get by, then to make art, all as part of what was clearly a very special relationship.

Lara Alcock’s Mathematics Rebooted was my biggest learning experience – a wonderful journey through the elements of mathematics, beginning each chapter with something basic then taking it up past the point where most non-mathematician readers would fall off to something beyond. Every chapter I both learned something and found out what there was yet to learn.

As in 2018, I read four books in Chinese. Actually, two in “standard” Chinese and two in Cantonese. The Cantonese ones were a treat – a translation of The Little Prince and 香港語文: 聽陳蕾士嘅秘密, a collection of 20 Chinese essays and one Chinese poem translated into Cantonese. Who says it’s not a language of its own? Not the four writers who did the translations. The two others, a collection of essays from the early to mid 2000s by Chan Koonchung and a book-format edition of Being Hong Kong about various Hong Kong things (City Hall at 50, some food stuff, some Cantonese opera stuff, etc) were also worthwhile. Neither quite merit being translated into English, but both give a flavour of the things that exercise people in Hong Kong (or Chan’s case, of the things which exercised them in the early 2000s – a much more gentle set of concerns than those that bother them now).

Among the novels, Manjushree Thapa’s The Tutor of History was a standout. Set in the 1990s Nepal, it pulled off an astonishing feat of describing from scratch a society which most of us will never know. Sheila Heti’s Motherhood, a meditation mostly about whether to have a child or not, was also excellent in catching the feel of a person at a very specific and important juncture of her life.

Timothy Morton was an important discovery, especially Humankind. He tackles the question of what does it mean to be living now – in the Anthropocene, at a time when human beings are destroying many other living things and doing huge damage to much non-living stuff and comes up with some new answers – that maybe we have to take ourselves both more seriously and see ourselves as of rather less importance than we might like to think, especially when it comes to all those other living and non-things and stuff. Kind of practical in a bizarre way.

Walter Scheidel’s The Great Leveler and Francis Fukuyama’s Political Order and Political Decay are two tremendous overviews of where our societies have come from. Scheidel’s argument that throughout history, peace and economic growth have always led to ever-widening inequality poses a big challenge to the world. Fukuyama’s suggestion, continuing from The Origins of Political Order, that countries should build institutions before adding democracy points to another conclusion that merits serious thought.

Twyla Tharp’s The Creative Habit was my motivational book of the year. I would imagine it would be useful for anyone who has to come up with ideas and carry them through to completion.

Finally, Adele Faber & Elaine Mazlish’s Siblings Without Rivalry is a terrific book about what to do when your children say they want each other to die. Like the one other great book about raising children I’ve read – Ross Gree’s The Explosive Child – it’s not about what you should get your children to do, it’s about what you should do. Gree’s single greatest point – one I think I took to heart – is that when there’s one angry person in the room, try not to make it two. Faber & Mazlish’s is don’t try to solve the problem yourself, just try and get those children to say (or even better write down) what’s bothering them about their brother/sister. Once that’s out in the open, they may even figure out what to do about it themselves. We tried it and – trust me – it worked.

The complete list

JR McNeill & Peter Engelke, The Great Acceleration

Frank Pieke, Knowing China

Daniel Pink, A Whole New Mind

Susan Cain, Quiet

Ray Dalio, Principles

Lara Alcock, Mathematics Rebooted

Rebecca Solnit, A Field Guide to Getting Lost

Leo Goodstadt, A City Mismanaged

Timothy Morton, Being Ecological

Pat Barker, The Ghost Road

Martin Rees, Our Final Hour

Tyler Cowen, Stubborn Attachments

Timothy Morton, The Ecological Thought

Manjushree Thapa, The Tutor of History

John McPhee, Draft No. 4

Adele Faber & Elaine Mazlish, Siblings Without Rivalry

Dante, The Divine Comedy

Lionel Shriver, We Need to Talk About Kevin

Joyce Carol Oates, Carthage

Zadie Smith, White Teeth

Xi Xi, My City

Eve Babitz, Slow Days, Fast Company

Various, Being HK

Nigel Collett, A Death in Hong Kong

Xi Xi, A Girl Like Me

Virgil, The Aeneid

James Scott, Against the Grain

Karl Popper, All Life Is Problem Solving

Ursula Le Guin, The Tombs of Atuan

Ursula Le Guin, No Time to Spare

Twyla Tharp, The Creative Habit

Franklin Foer, World Without Mind

Ursula Le Guin, The Left Hand of Darkness

Confucius/Simon Leys, The Analects of Confucius

Sheila Heti, Motherhood

Bill Burnett & Dave Evans, Designing Your Life

Ian Stewart, Nature’s Numbers

Mike Michalowicz, Clockwork

Donna Tartt, The Goldfinch

Matthew Walker, Why We Sleep

Rebecca Solnit, Hope in the Dark

Philip K Dick, Flow My Tears, The Policeman Said

Peter Adamson, Classical Philosophy

Machiavelli, The Prince

Mary Clarke & Clement Crisp, How to Enjoy Ballet

Cas Mudde & Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, Populism

Charles Lindblom, The Market System

AL Kennedy, Looking for the Possible Dance

Mario Vargas Llosa, The Bad Girl

Shen Fu, Six Records of a Floating Life

Han Kang, The Vegetarian

Mikel Dunham, Buddha’s Warriors

Yoko Ogawa, Hotel Iris

Elaine Feinstein, It Goes With the Territory

Homer/Emily Wilson, The Odyssey

Richard McGregor, Xi Jinping: The Backlash

Shiona Airlie, Scottish Mandarin

Jeannette Ng, Under the Pendulum Sky

Otessa Moshfegh, My Year of Rest and Relaxation

陳冠中, 我這一代香港人

Muriel Spark, Reality and Dreams

Muriel Spark, The Driver’s Seat

Mary Beard, Women and Power

Lauren Groff, Fates and Furies

Carlo Rovelli, Seven Brief Lessons on Physics

Anne Carson, The Beauty of the Husband

Francis Fukuyama, Political Order and Political Decay

Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, 小王子 (The Little Prince in Cantonese)

Pat Barker, The Silence of the Girls

Joan Didion, The Last Thing He Wanted

Walter Scheidel, The Great Leveler

Shoshana Zuboff, The Age of Surveillance Capitalism

Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem

Svetlana Alexievich, The Unwomanly Face of War

Marguerite Duras, Blue Eyes, Black Hair

Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation

Chuang Tsu, The Book of Chuang Tsu

Cathleen Schine, The Weissmans of Westport

Patti Smith, Just Kids

Timothy Morton, Humankind

Various, 香港語文: 聽陳蕾士嘅秘密

Edna O’Brien, Time and Tide

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masked-phantom-47 · 8 months

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Nukia The Tanuki

#karlwarrior47 art #original character #original art #karl warrior original art #tanuki #anthro #racoon dog #scifi #cybernetics

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haphapner · 5 years

Text

The Madonna of Allentown

It happened again at Big Len's place in Allentown, Pennsylvania. A steady flow of true humanity came through there every day. Big Len's specialized in cold beer to go and weekly room rentals, an odd mix but it had been around for years.

I had just returned from buying a carton of cheap cigarettes.

It was my daughter’s sixteenth birthday. I hadn’t been pregnant for fifteen years, eleven months and nineteen days. On that morning, I experienced a miraculous conception. What would come from my womb some months later would not, indeed could not, be, from a man.

Long ago, I recognized that one should take these things as they come. The years and more than five-hundred-fifty pregnancies have tempered my weariness and bone crushing sadness with wisdom. Inexplicably I felt driven to invest in this child so that it would be more successful than all the others combined.

One minute, I was walking up the backstairs to my bug-infested room, a communal toilet and shower down the hall. The next, a fresh new soul spontaneously generated in my ancient womb. The cigarettes slipped from my grasp and bounced down the dingy stairs, bounding higher as they picked up speed. The carton cracked against the door and burst open spewing cellophane wrapped pleasure across the sun-lit landing.

“Shit!”

I can’t explain it; I just knew it had happened again. It’s like Zen, if you’ve experienced sartori, you get it; otherwise, you’re shit-out-of-luck.

I sat down three quarters of the way up the steep stairs. “Shit, shit, shit … I’m too tired for this.” I slammed my elbow against the wall; dingy, faded wallpaper fluttered. “How does this always catch me off-guard?” I took a long drag on a generic cigarette, my last. “So many myths about gods becoming men and walking among us, the gods of mythology were too chicken-shit to become women.” I ripped at a piece of wallpaper exposing years of corrupted paint. “Woman’s work my ass,” a sarcastic laugh slipped out. “Men should try motherhood.”

My story starts in the mists of time, before I conceived the collective unconscious of humankind. Known by a thousand names – Eve, Ishtar, Isis, Mother Earth – I am the Oracle of Delphi who doled out visions, generation upon generation, ad infinitum. The Greeks referred to me as Gaia, the one who sprang from Chaos and became the mother of all things.

Myth cloaks the truth trapping humanity in ancient prisons of ignorance. A son once said, “The Truth shall set you free.”[1] I have born more grief than the mind can conceive. In vain, I have staggered through humanity searching, always searching for true companionship, a true equal.

Jung wrote, “Whenever the earth mother appears it means that things are going to happen in reality; this is an absolute law.”[2] His words were confused. I do not appear. I never disappear. I keep moving, looking into eyes that cannot see, listening for words that convey meaning. Carl understood one thing. For those who come to know me, reality takes hold. Through the mind-numbing millennia, I have witnessed pockets of hope, people whose peaceful coexistence drew me toward the mainstream. Such communities were but flickering flames blown out by human progress.

Every sixteen years I become pregnant and carry the baby to term – which is usually some time during the twenty-fourth lunar month. I neither consult nor require a patriarch to participate in these sacred events. These children of fiat are my offering, my sacrifice to humanity, gifts meant to foster evolution so that humanity might come to a full realization of their divine nature.

Through the centuries, I have mothered some famous and infamous people. Ishmael and Isaac, those naughty boys who denied the goddess, were mine. Siddhartha and Jesus were my sons as were Attila the Hun, Genghis Khan, and Mohamed. You see, I am doomed to have sons, boys and men who must throw off the fear and oppression of women or die. Warriors, orators, gurus, and shaman alike I have birthed, but very few wise men.

Sid was a rebellious boy in the beginning. Jesus died too soon. I fled the Christian lands after seeing so much harm done in his name. Humans constantly teeter on the brink of madness. After the first jihad, Mohamed tried to honor me in his book, “Christ, the son of Mary, was no more than a messenger; many were the messengers that passed away before him. His mother was a woman of truth. But they had both to eat their food.”[3] Can you imagine? My own son did not understand the divine reality of the one who bore him into this world. With a broken heart, I slowly made my way north and west.

Sadly, most of my sons turned out to be self-centered egomaniacs. Tragedy seemed my only companion. Witnessing their utter lack of respect for women and the goddess, I began to desert my boys by their sixteenth birthday. Hitler broke my heart long before he broke the world. I fled to the west.

I arrived in the new world just after the turn of the century. My next child, Sunnyland Slim, soulfully interpreted my heart through his fingers and songs. But the moral decay and utter inhumanity of the last several centuries had brought me low. I took a long vacation, which brought me to Big Len’s with my only daughter.

Human potential for greatness is exceeded only by its arrogant individualism.

Around each child’s thirty-third birthday, when the calendars of the sun and the moon align, is a powerful opportunity in their lives. At those times, the collective unconsciousness draws toward the surface of conscious thought throughout the earth’s inhabitants. At that time, every generation faces the great question – will they accept their maker as she is. Only during that powerful alignment of the lunar and solar phases, is vision able to break the bonds of human limitation and broach the domain of collective reality. That unified vision is the key to human evolution.

I loved the renaissance when men nearly grasped the divine nature of humanity. Rubens honored me, and all women, with his exquisite art. Things had always been dicey with the boys, but they really went downhill fast during the industrial revolution. My son Karl wrote about a community of equals, but he was no Jesus. He thought economics could alter the human condition. He could not see that lasting social change will only come through an evolved race.

For thousands of years, since the men of this species overthrew the goddess, violence toward women and children has run rampant. The prehistoric patriarchal revolt disfigured the male capacity for love, trust, and connection. In the process, my heart fractured and so began my perpetual search for wholeness.

The myth of the ages is that human men become mature. Their adult lives are lived as an extension of their boyhood. They do not mature they merely age. Their deeply buried true self rarely surfaces. Panic ensues in the hearts of men when they glimpse their feminine side. The fear of homosexuality is but a disguise. Their terror lies in something sinister and primal that they cannot face.

They fear me in them. In the gap between Eden’s fall and recorded history, they knew me as the goddess of all things dark and uncanny. Men’s hearts filled with fear, knowing I could strike them down with arrows of conscience even from afar. In rebellion against the true nature of all things, they have subjugated women since the dawn of human history. Once they seized control, they denied their essence and proclaimed their superiority.

To survive I had to go on the lam. Of course, modern humans have no recollection or understanding of these things. Primeval instinct leads men to oppress and deny their nature and needs. They do not comprehend that their claims of physical superiority and manifest destiny are born of fear.

Men need not fear. I am the self-existent One. Ex nihilo I made all things. I am woman and man, the beginning and the end, the lover of all things. I draw many into oneness creating a race of divine equals, who knowing their origins choose to embrace their divine nature. I alone procreate – the divine begetting the divine.

A sign flashed above my head, Sacred Heart Hospital. I floated along into an elevator. Everything smelled clean and white. Doors parted, closed, and opened again. People rushed past my horizontal floating frame.

“She’s in trouble. Get her into surgery.”

Who could they be talking about? How long had I been here?

I hear my daughter’s voice, “What is it? What is wrong?”

“She’s hemorrhaging. We need to take the baby now.”

“Looks like a lot of scar tissue, possibly an acute ectopic. Get the on-call surgeon.

“Blood pressure’s dropping, pulse is dropping.”

“She’s going into shock; we’re losing her. Come on people!”

The doctor explained that they had done a “clean house” hysterectomy. I would never have another child.

My firstborn daughter, now eighteen stepped forward and looked into my eyes. She held her new little sister with pride and hope. “Mama, she’s the one; the last one.”

[1] Holy Bible, New International Version, John 8:38

[2] Douglas, Claire, Editor. Visions: Notes of the Seminar Given in 1930 – 1934 C.G. Jung. Princeton University Press. 1997. Page 790.

[3] Koran 5:75

#fiction

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chojin-cu-chulain · 5 years

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VR Trooper S1 Summary

As always watch for spoilers

Story: Tommy Oliver returns to Crossworld City with his martial arts sensei, and legal guardian Tao where he reunites with his best friends Kaitlin Scott, and JB Reese, and helps them run Tao's Dojo.

One day they get a message on their computer from a mysterious man named Professor Horatio Hart who has a message from Tommy's long lost father Tyler Oliver.

Tommy, and his friends find Professor Harts lab but are attacked by bio mechanical mutant cyborg creatures.

At the lab the Professor, and a recording from Tommy's father inform them that long ago Tyler Oliver, and Horatio Hart where doing experiments with Virtual Reality technology, and were able to create an entire alternate dimension with it.

But a criminal mastermind found out, and used their technology to transform himself into an mutant warlord named Grimlord, and created an army of mutant robots. So Oliver, and Hart created good cyborgs called the VR Troopers to fight Grimlord's mutants.

Unfortunately the VR Troopers needed human hosts in order to function, and Grimlord mortally wounded Professor, and kidnapped Tommy's father to drain his knowledge of Virtual Reality to enhance his army of mutants robots.

Now Professor Hart recruits Tommy, Kaitlin, and JB to become the VR Troopers, and protect both realities from Grimlord, and his evil robot. And what is the secret behind Grimlord's most powerful warrior Dark Heart, and what is his connection to Tommy, and his missing father.

Troopers:

Tommy Oliver Trooper Forms: Blue VR Trooper, Blue Hyper Tech Trooper Weapons: Lighting Hand Command, Hyper Tech Lightning Hand Command Age: 18 Bio: Formerly the Green Ranger he returns to Crossworld City to help Tao, and his friends run Tao Dojo. He becomes the leader of the VR Troopers after learning the dark truth about what happened to his father. He dreams to become part owner of the dojo with Tao. He is also a motorcyclist, and mechanic.

Kaitlin Scott Trooper Forms: Red VR Trooper, Red Hyper Tech Trooper Weapons: Laser Dagger Command, Hyper Tech Laser Dagger Command Age 18 Bio: One of Tommy's best friends, and Jason's cousin she works as a reporter at a local newspaper called the Underground Voice Daily where she does human interest stories, and bring attention to serious issues which often puts the Troopers at odds with Ziktor Industires. Her goal is to become an editor at the Underground Voice Daily.

JB Reese Trooper Forms: Black VR Trooper, Black Hyper Tech Trooper Weapons: Laser Lance Command, Hyper Tech Laser Lance Command Age: 18 Bio: Tommy, and Kaitlin's other best friend he is a computer genius who runs the computers at both Tao Dojo, and the lab, and helps create inventions for the Troopers. He is currently saving money to go to college, and helps his father run the local library.

Allies:

Professor Hart Age: 48 Bio: The Troopers' mentor, and Tyler Oliver's partner in the creation of Virtual Reality, and the VR Trooper powers. He was once a normal human until he was mortally wounded by Grimlord which forced Tyler to virtualize his mind in the lab's computers. He helps the Troopers with his knowledge of Virtual Reality, and gives them new equipment to help stop Grimlord's warriors.

Jeb Age: 10(acts 35) Bio: Tommy's pet bloodhound he gains human level intelligence, and speech after an accidental exposure to the lab's machines. He acts sarcastically, and loves to pull pranks on people but helps the Troopers when he can, and falls for a dog named Princess.

Tao Age: 48 Bio: The Troopers' martial arts sensei, Tommy's legal guardian, and Trini's uncle who runs the dojo where the Troopers study, and teach martial arts. He seemingly doesn't know his pupils are the VR Troopers but he still helps them with personal problems, and sometimes with Grimlord.

Tyler Oliver/Dark Heart Age: 48 Bio: Tommy's father a brilliant scientist working on Virtual Reality technology when Grimlord stole his, and Horatio Hart's research to create evil mutant cyborgs, and kidnapped Tyler. Grimlord spent years draining Tyler's knowledge of Virtual Reality to enhance his mutants, and once his knowledge is drained Grimlord has him converted into one of his mutants, and he becomes Grimlord's most powerful warrior. Tommy is able to free him mentally but he remains a mutant, and uses his powers to help his son, and his friends fight Grimlord's army until the Troopers, and Hart can find a way to return him to human form.

Villains:

Karl Ziktor/Grimlord Age: 48 Bio: A cruel, and greedy businessman he stole Tyler Oliver, and Horatio Hart's virtual reality technology to transform himself into the mutant warlord Grimlord, and created an army of mutant cyborgs to conquer both realities. He spends years draining Tyler's knowledge of VR to enhance his monsters, and then converts Tyler into his most powerful cyborg warrior Dark Heart.

Natasha Ziktor/Desponda Age: 48 Bio: Karl's equally cruel, and vicious wife she uses their wealth to pursue her vain interests she also used virtual reality technology to transform herself into a mutant cyborg with the power to transform into a plant or a robot.

General Ivar Bio: Grimlord, and Desponda's second in command. He is the leader, and sometimes creator of their robot armies. He leads their armada of airships, and tanks, and commands the Sky Castle. He likes to personally challenge the Troopers especially JB, and Kaitlin, and assumes human form as Karl, and Natasha's body guard.

Colonel Icebot Bio: The leader, and creator of Grimlord's bio engineered mutant armies. He spends his time in the Sky Castle making new monsters for Grimlord but occasionally can leave the Sky Castle to assume his own monster form to fight the Troopers personally. He can assume human form in reality as Karl Ziktor's chief scientist Strickland.

Decimator Bio: One of Grimlord's most powerful generals he is the field commander of Grimlord's cyborg forces. Like Ivar he likes to challenge the Troopers personally particularly Tommy, and later Dark Heart.

Zelton Bio: The field commander of Grimlord's robot armies. He doesn't always challenge the Troopers directly but when he does he proves to be a force to be reckoned with due to his ability to transform into other mutants. He is in love with a fellow mutant named Sirenbot.

Toxoid Bio: The field commander of Grimlord's bio engineered mutant armies he is cowardly, and incompetent but is still one of Grimlord's most powerful, and dangerous creatures.

Blue Boar Bio: Grimlord's field commander in charge of his Gunbots, and Airbots. He demands absolute loyalty to both himself, and Grimlord, and like Grimlord does not tolerate failure from his troops.

Renegade Bio: Grimlord's newest, and most powerful robot after Dark Heart. He becomes one of Grimlord's most powerful minions after Dark Heart, and develops a personal rivalry with Tommy, and Dark Heart.

Minotaurbot, and Chrome Dome Bio: Two of Grimlord's mutants who serve as personal henchmen for Renegade, and help him fight the Troopers. They are frequently defeated by Tommy, and Dark Heart

The Vixens Bio: Five Skugs in the form of beautiful, and dangerous women. Two of them(one in green the other in black) work with Grimlord personally in his dungeon while the other three(in blue, silver, and gold) work with Desponda in the Sky Castle. They assume human form in the real world as Ziktor's secretaries

Changes:

Tommy is the leader of the VR Troopers in reference to how Jason David Frank was originally going to be Adam Steele the proto version of Ryan in Cybertron the proto version of VR Troopers.

Kaitlin's last name is Scott because I've seen merchandise, and comics with that as her name, and I thought it would be a good way to maker related to Jason, and tie VR Troopers with Power Rangers.

The Troopers now how codenames based on their colors because even when he's Metalder in the first season Tommy is the only VR Trooper who wears blue.

Desponda is introduced this season, and she is Ziktor's wife who is a Sabanized Cruella De Ville the way Ziktor is a Sabanized Lex Luthor

General Ivar, and Icebot can assume human form in the real world as Ziktor's bodyguard, and Strickland respectively.

The Vixens are introduced this season as American versions of S, and K from Metalder, and Rikki, Shadow, and Gash from Spielban

Decimator, Zelton, Toxoid, and Blue Boar lead their own armies like in Metalder.

Similar to my versions of Power Rangers monsters from Metalder that were good or become good are good or become good in VR Troopers.

All episodes/chapters will have one monster and monsters that had to share their episodes with other monsters will have their own episodes.

Certain episodes will like The Dojo Plot, and The Transmutant will be two parters.

Graybot, and Jeremy Gibson will be separate characters with Graybot being Cannonbot's apprentice in a reversal of their relationship from Metalder.

The Virtual Spy, and Rise of the Red Python will be combined, and saved for the next season.

Defending Dark Heart will be split in half with the first two episodes being the mid season finale where Dark Heart is introduced, and joins the Troopers, and the other two being crossed with the first two episodes of Quest For Power as the season finale.

The Battle Grid suits will still be used but they will be called Hyper Tech Mode that the Troopers can use in both the real world, and virtual reality to battle Mutant Skugs, and Vixens.

The Troopers will have their own transformation phrase to transform into the Hyper Tech suits instead of the Professor transforming them.

The Battle Grid itself will be saved for the next season where it will be merged with the Indigo Sector/Fractal Zone/Dream Zone concept.

The Troopers will also have weapons in Hyper Tech mode that are similar to the weapons they use in their Metal Hero armor

Kaitlin will have her own finisher that involves slashing at a monster with her daggers that she uses against either American original monsters or a monsters from Metalder that had suits but never actually fought Metalder.

Also because of reusing spaceship, and tank battles, and American footage like the Hyper Tech suits, and American footage with the Metal Hero armor there won't be episodes were the Troopers don't transform.

#VR Troopers #fanfiction

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comiccrusaders · 6 years

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Valiant is proud to announce that longtime actor, screenwriter, and Eisner Award-nominated comics scribe Kevin Grevioux (Underworld, Odyssey of the Amazons) has joined the BLOODSHOT RISING SPIRIT creative team of rising stars Lonnie Nadler and Zac Thompson (Cable) and legendary artist Ken Lashley (Black Panther). Grevioux comes on board to script and co-write the series, which hits comic shops everywhere on November 14th.

“This is one of Valiant’s quintessential characters, flagship-type characters that really carries the essence of the franchise,” Writer Kevin Grevioux told Comicbook.com. “We hope to bring truly what fans are used to. A lot of bold, exciting action with a twist of fun. That’s always a great combination.”

Grevioux reunites with Lashley and editor Karl Bollers on the project, all of whom have worked on various projects together for over a dozen years throughout their careers in the comic book industry, including Marvel’s What If? and Underworld: Blood Wars.

“Very few times in your career do you get a chance to work with a creative team that gets what your strengths are. That’s what this is about. I know that my strength is energy and power and this kind of stuff,” Artist Ken Lashley also told Comicbook.com. “Every artist, what we really want to do is we want to draw exciting things. That’s what this is about.'”

“This is our opportunity to tell the definitive Bloodshot origin, which we’ve hinted at,” Editor Karl Bollers added. “I think that that’s really going to excite people who may not be that familiar with the character.”

In the early days of the private military contractor Project Rising Spirit, the nanite-infused super-soldier who would one day become their most violent and valuable asset was a resource to be mined – and it was up to an enterprising team of scientists to ensure he did what he was told. But a memory is a tricky thing…and the man Bloodshot used to be won’t let go of his past so easily…

On November 14th, celebrated writer Kevin Grevioux (New Warriors) teams up with the incomparable writing duo of Lonnie Nadler and Zac Thompson (The Dregs) and comics legend Ken Lashley (X-Men) for an unforgettable journey into the mind of Valiant’s most unrelenting hero in BLOODSHOT RISING SPIRIT #1 – featuring covers by Felipe Massafera (Green Lantern: Emerald Warriors), David Mack (Kabuki), and Staz Johnson (Robin)!

BLOODSHOT RISING SPIRIT #1 will also launch Valiant’s Glass Series, a cutting-edge concept in which strictly limited runs of upcoming first issue variant covers will be printed via a special multi-colored process on a carefully devised pane of glass, each featuring artwork by superstar creator Doug Braithwaite (Justice, SHADOWMAN)!

BLOODSHOT RISING SPIRIT #1

Story by LONNIE NADLER & ZAC THOMPSON Written by KEVIN GREVIOUX Art by KEN LASHLEY Colors by DIEGO RODRIGUEZ Cover A by FELIPE MASSAFERA Cover B by DAVID MACK Variant Cover by STAZ JOHNSON Glass Variant Cover by DOUG BRAITHWAITE Blank Cover Also Available $3.99 | 32 pgs. | T+ | On Sale NOVEMBER 14th (FOC – 10/22/18)

BLOODSHOT RISING SPIRIT #1 Story by LONNIE NADLER & ZAC THOMPSON Written by KEVIN GREVIOUX Art by KEN LASHLEY Covers by KEN LASHLEY $3.99 Each (8 issues) | 32 pgs. | T+ | Issue #1 On Sale NOVEMBER 14th

For more information, visit Valiant on Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Instagram, and ValiantEntertainment.com.

For Valiant merchandise and more, visit ValiantStore.com.

BLOODSHOT RISING SPIRIT #1: Eisner Award-Nominated Writer Kevin Grevioux Joins Valiant’s Next Unstoppable Series! Valiant is proud to announce that longtime actor, screenwriter, and Eisner Award-nominated comics scribe Kevin Grevioux…

#Bloodshot #comics #Kevin Grevioux #Lonnie Nadler #valiant #Zac Thompson

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anaurael-old-blog · 6 years

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Dark Souls Name Meanings

This is a list of direct and possible meanings from the Dark Souls series. If I missed anyone or you would like to see someone’s name on the list please let me know so I could put them on here ^^

Smough -His Japanese name is Sumo which is self explanatory.

Ornstein - Old Norse word örn, meaning “Eagle”, and the German stein, meaning “Stone” but he was most likely inspired by the Russian musician Leo Ornstein.

Gwynevere - It is the French form of the Welsh name Gwenhwyfar name that is comprised of Gwen meaning “Holy”, “White”, and “Fair”, and hwyfar, meaning “Smooth”.

Gwyndolin - A Welsh name meaning “White/Holy/Blessed Ring” and “White Bow”. Dolen is bow/ring.

Gwyn - Variant of the Welsh name Gwen, meaning “Holy”, “Blessed”, “White”, “Fair” and “Pure”.

Artorias - derived from a Roman clan name meaning “Courageous” and “Noble” and most likely the origin of Arthur

Gough - Possibly derives from the Breton word goff, which means “Smith”, or possibly from the Welsh coch, meaning “Red”.

Ciaran - Irish name meaning “Little Dark One”. (how accurate lol)

loyd - From the Welsh name llwyd meaning "Holy" and “Grey".

McLoyf - In Scottish, Mc means “Son of” no clue what Loyf means though I’ll find it eventually.

Rendal - Probably comes from the Germanic Randall, comprised of roots meaning "Wolf" and "Shield".

Oscar - English name meaning "Divine/God's Spear".

Anastacia - Greek name meaning "Resurrection" and the name of one of the Saints, Saint Anastasia of Sirmium.

Petrus - Deriving from the Latin petra, meaning "Rock" or "Stone".

Solaire - The Latin words sol (Sun) -aire (occupied with/possessor) come together to mean "Occupied with the Sun", or "Possesses the Sun".

Lautrec - there is a famous painter named Henri Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa but that's all

Fina - There are a few meanings but the closest were the Celtic name that derives from Fiona, and means "Blonde/Fair". It may also derive from Seraphim (Serafina): a title of angel meaning "Burning one".

Andre - A French/Greek name meaning "manly" and "brave".

Oswald - Derives from the Anglo-Saxon Osweald, meaning "Rule of God".

Griggs - Probably derives from the Greek gregoros meaning "Watchful" or "Wakeful".

Rhea - A Greek fertility, mother and Earth Goddess. She is the mother of Zeus' generation. Etymologically, Rhea means "Flowing Water".

Vince - Short form of Vincent, meaning "to Conquer".

Nico - Comes from the Greek Goddess Nike meaning "Victory".

Laurentius - Derives from Laurence meaning "Laurel", a tree considered regal in ancient Rome.

Kirk - Scottish name meaning "Church".

Domnhall - Scottish name meaning "Ruler of the World".

Mildred - Anglo-Saxon name meaning "Gentle Strength".

Quelaag -Quel is of English Origin and means “love”and Aag is an Urdu/Hindi word meaning "Fire".

Eingyi - Is this even a real name?

Quelaan - Once again the English word meaning “love” and Ann is a Hindu name meaning “respect” and “pride”

Quelana - Lana is an English name that means "Little Stone", and is also the Spanish word for "Wool".

Sen - Comes from the Japanese word meaning "One Thousand". (meaning the ridiculous amount of traps that are in that fortress)

Siegmeyer - Comprised of the Nordic roots sigr, meaning “Victor”, and meyer, meaning “Official”, “Officer" or “Mayor”.

Logan - A Scottish name, deriving from the Gaelic lagan, meaning “Hollow”.

Ricard - French name meaning “Powerful Ruler”.

Flann - A Gaelic name meaning “Red Haired”.

Jeremiah - A Hebrew name meaning “Exalted”, or “May God Exalt”.

Priscilla - English name meaning “Ancient". However her original Japanese name is Purishira. Shira means “White” while I’m guessing Puri is coming from the English “Pure”.

Velka - A Slavonic name meaning “Great Fame”.

Frampt - no idea

Shiva - Sanskrit for “The Auspicious”, and is the Hindu God known as “The Destroyer”.

Alvina - English name with a few meanings: “Wise/Noble Friend”, “Friend of Elves”, “Warrior Princess”, “The Most High”, and, most fittingly, “Magical Being”.

Sif - Name of the Norse goddess Sif, often associated with earth.

Sieglinde - Comprised of the Norse sigr: “Victor”, and the German lind: “Soft” or “Tender”.

Seath - A Celtic/Gaelic name meaning “wolfish” or “Wolf-like”. (makes no sense but that’s what I could find)

Vamos -The name of a small town in Crete, Greece. Vamos is also Spanish for “Let’s Go” but it is not a name.

Pinwheel- The original Japanese name is San'ninbaori, which literally means "Three People in a Coat". (thank god some of these names are ridiculous)

Patches - English name meaning “ guy who definitely won’t kick you in the back off a ledge”.

Leeroy - French name meaning “The King”.

Nito - Probably a diminutive of the Italian finito, meaning “Done” or "Complete" (relating to death). Nito is also a form of Benito, meaning "Blessed".

Ingward - Ingvar is a Scandinavian name meaning “Protected by Freyr”. Freyr is a Norse fertility God.

Ricket - A variation of the name Ricard, meaning “Powerful Ruler”.

Kaathe - also no idea

Dusk - The final moments of twilight.

Chester - Derives from the Latin “Castra” meaning “Camp"

Kalameet - A rough translation of the Japanese pronunciation of the English word "Calamity". However Kalameet is also a sanskrit name meaning “Friend of Art” and Kara (Kala in Japanese) means “Black/Dark” in Turkish.

Elizabeth - Greek name deriving from the Hebrew Elisheba meaning “Oath of God” or “God is satisfaction”.

Manus - Most probably derived from the Hindu Manu: the mytholgoical archetypal man and "Progenitor of Humanity". Manus is also a Gaelic name meaning “Great”, and Latin for "Hand" and "Power".

Iudex Gundyr - Iudex is Latin for "Judge". Gundyr derives from Old French name introduced by the Normans as "Gondri" and "Gundric". It is composed of the Germanic elements Gund meaning "Battle", and Ric, meaning "Power" or "Ruler". Also, in Norse languages Begynder means "Begin" or "Beginner".

Hawkwood - Hawk of the Wood, or Wood of Hawks. Quite basic.

Ludleth - Could possibly mean "Half man", (In Japanese he refers to himself as a pygmy so possibly in connection with that)

Leonhard - Brave or Lion heart.

Greirat -.Idk all I could find was grey rat xD

Loretta - Latin name referring to the laurel or sweet bay trees which are symbolic of honour and victory.

Emma - Derived from the Germanic name meaning "Whole" or "Universal".

Vordt -The closest I could find derives from the Dutch Vorst, meaning "Frost", "First", "Quarry", and "Ruler".

Yoel - A Hebrew name meaning "God Prevails".

Yuria - Uria is another Hebrew name meaning "Light of the Lord" and possible derived from japanese yuu “gentleness, lithe, superior” ri “village” and a “second, Asia”

Liliane - Derived from the flower Lily, a symbol of purity and innocence and Anne means "favour", "grace" or "prayer".

Cornyx - The latin word cornix means “crow” which is supported by his outfit

Hodrick - Means "Famous Power" from the Germanic elements "Hod"-fame and Ric "power".

Arstor - Could derive from the Occitan Astur meaning "Goshawk".

Eygon - Igon is a Basque name, meaning "Rise". And it is also Old English for “sword”

Irina - Derived from the ancient Greek Goddess of "Peaceful Life" Eirene and the name of Saint Irina

Siegward - From the Old Norse name Sigurðr, which was derived from the elements Sigr "Victory" and Varðr "Guardian".

Anri - Derived from Henry, meaning "Ruler of the Home" and Anri is also a unisex name in Japan with way too many meanings to list

Horace - Deriving from the the Roman clan name Horatius meaning "Time Keeper".

Sirris - Could be derived from Sirius, the brightest star in the sky, meaning "Bright" or "Burning". It is also known as the Dog/Wolf star.

Orbeck -Norse or means “wet clay, mud” and Beck means "Stream" or "Brook"

Rosaria - Means "Rosary", and is taken from the Spanish title of the Virgin Mary: Nuestra Señora del Rosario meaning "Our Lady of the Rosary". A Rosary type of prayer involving beads of the same name.

Royce - English name meaning "Royal" or the "King's Son".

Klimt - Derives from Clemence, and means "Merciful" and an Austian painter was named Gustav Klimt

Heysel - Could possibly represent the hazelnut which is believed to help provide wisdom and insight, which reflects the Xanthous set's colour scheme

Wolnir - Not completely sure, but Nir is a Hebrew root meaning, "to Break up". This could be in reference to Wolnir crushing the crowns of the other Lords.

Cuculus - Latin for "Cuckoo"

Tsorig - Tso in Hmong means "Release" and Rig means "to bind". Unsure about this because pronunciation is off.

Creighton - In Scottish name meaning "From the Farm by the Creek".

Dorhys - Possibly deriving from the Greek Doros, meaning "Gift": probably because she gives you her miracle when she dies.

Sulyvahn - Irish name meaning "Black-Eyed" or "Little Black-Eyed One" (kinda reminds me of his rings)

McDonnell - Scottish/Irish name meaning "Son of Donald or Domhnall". Donald and Domnhall mean "Leader" and/or "Ruler of the World".

Yorshka - Possible means yoru “night” shi “teacher and ka which would make it a question. Night’s teacher, or is she

Aldrich - English name meaning "Old and Wise Ruler". However the original Japanese name is Eldritch which literally means "sinister", "ghostly", "ethereal" or "otherworldly" and is Germanic for ald “old” and ric “ruler”

Alva - Could come from Alvah, which is Hebrew for "Highness", "Brightness" or "Exalted One" and Anglo-Saxon churl for “human, commoner”

Karla - Scandinavian name meaning "Womanly Power". It could also be derived from the Germanic Karl, meaning "The lowest class of free man", or Charles, meaning "Army/Warrior".

Yhorm - Possibly derived from Jehoram, hebrew for "Exalted by Yahweh (God of the Iron Age of Israel)" or it could have also come from Gorm, the first King of Denmark, meaning "god-fearing" or "respectful of the gods".

Oceiros - The original Japanese name Osroeth derives from Osroes, the Greek form of the Persian Khosrow, meaning "King" specifically of Parthia. The English name could also refer to Osiris, the Egyptian God of the dead and judge of the underworld.

Gotthard - Composed of the German roots for "God" and "hardy/brave", Gotthard means "Divinely stern".

Albert - English name meaning "Noble" and "Bright".

Kriemhild - German name composed of the roots grim for "mask" and hild for "battle".

Kamui - Derives from Japanese Kamuy: beings that are somewhat similar to Patron Saints, as they represent more limited and specific things than the Gods

Gertrude - German name meaning "Strong Spear".

Lorian - English name meaning Laurel tree (same as Loretta for some reason). It makes more sense here though as Laurel Wreaths were used as crowns in Rome; it is a royal tree.

Lothric - Comes from Loath, meaning unwilling, or Loth meaning “famous” and Ric either means Ruler or Kingdom.

#dark souls #name meanings #I hope you like it this took forever #I know I'm missing people but I can't think of them #maybe I'll find out later

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