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bangtan-madi · 4 years

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546 Days Without You — Nine: Day 264

Pairing — Seokjin x Reader

Tags — boyfriend!Seokjin, older brother!Yoongi, producer/songwriter!MC, military au (ish), idol au (ish)

Genre — fluff, angst

Word Count — 2.3k

Summary — Kim Seokjin is your entire world, and that world falls apart the moment he and your older brother Yoongi are conscripted into the South Korean military.

Part — 9 / 15

Warnings — minor language

A/N — Taglist is open! Comment or submit an ask if you want to be added :) Also sorry for the late post. Tumblr has been giving me issues.

Previous — Next

The day the album drops, the group is on edge the whole morning. It's been this way every comeback. The members are progressively moodier until the morning of, then they become eerily quiet.

The second the clock ticks past the release date, there's a group sigh of relief. Map of the Soul: Dream is out in the world, and people are streaming it by the millions. No more writing, no more recording, no more producing: the brainchild of Bangtan is out.

Finally.

The hour after the release, the interviews begin. The band is scheduled for events from the initial release panel in Seoul all the way to interviews across the world. The next few weeks are going to be packed with speaking engagements and travel. Normally, this is where you let the managers take over since it's not common for producers to travel for these kinds of things. On any other album, you'd wave to them as they left for the airport and scurry back to the safety and familiarity of the studio.

But you just had to have your name put on the album.

"Oh, no," Namjoon says, grasping the hood of your sweatshirt as you attempt to do just that. "Don't think you're getting out of this panel."

Turning towards the leader with a scowl, you retort, "I'm not a member, Joon. This isn't where I'm supposed to be. This is your guys' time to shine. I belong in a studio."

He shakes his head adamantly. "Your name's on the album, several times I might add. Writer, producer, and artist. They may have looked over the writing and producing rolls in the past, but now?"

"Not gonna happen," Taehyung snickers as he makes his way towards the Big Hit dressing room.

"I think people are more intrigued by you then they are by us," Jimin agrees, coming out of the hair and makeup room looking picture-perfect. "This is year eight for us. You're something new in the mix."

You resist the urge to roll your eyes. "The media likes anything new and shiny."

"I heard you talking to Seokjin about this yesterday," Namjoon replies. "What did he say?"

Narrowing your eyes, you pull your hood out of his grasp with a pout. "He said I should do it."

This only causes Namjoon to smirk, knowing he's got you. He cups a hand next to his ear and leans down, as if trying to hear you. "I'm sorry, I didn't quite catch that?"

Instead of dignifying his teasing with a response, you shove the leader a bit, earning a laugh from the gentle giant. "They'll get to see me on tour. Why isn't that enough?"

"Y'know, I like her point," Jungkook grins adjusting the tie around his neck. He, too, has been primed and ready for the panel. "We can just go straight to tour and skip all this."

Hoseok enters the room, followed closely by Manager Sejin. The two men are also ready for the day's events, and you realize you're not getting out of this.

"For what it's worth, these things are really fun if you ignore the cameras and pushy paps," he says, playfully linking his arm with yours. Smiling brightly at you, he turns and escorts you towards the dressing room, much to the awe and surprise of the others. "And that's why we have security: to keep those away. This is as much part of tour as actually performing."

Once out of earshot of the others, you turn to Hoseok and mumble, "Yeah...I guess I'm just a little nervous. I remember how the press treated you boys when you first debuted. It was less than kind."

"You're tough as nails, [Y/n]. You Mins are another breed altogether. Trust me, if Jimin can do it, you can, too."

"I heard that!"

Hoseok giggles and gestures towards the dressing room, where the stylist has picked out a few options for outfits. They're all pretty, and go perfectly with the boys' album-themed attire.

"You got this," he states, letting you go and giving you two, big thumbs up.

You sarcastically mirror both his expression and gestures. "I hope so!"

Once everyone is dressed to the nines and dolled up, you're escorted to a Big Hit vehicle and sent on your way to the panel. This is far from the first time that BTS as a group has done something like this. In fact, you've attended once before, for the Map of the Soul: Persona release. It was inside one of the largest conference halls in downtown Seoul, and the seats were packed with photographers, journalists, interviewers, and even Army. Everyone was ecstatic about the release, and you can feel that same energy in the air today, despite being two members short.

As the group piles in the building, you feel Jimin and Taehyung take both of your hands. Your best friend and oldest friends are the first to notice how out of place you feel. The lights, the cameras, the crowds; it's not that you're not used to them, but they've never been focused on you before.

"You got this," Jimin murmurs, pressing a quick kiss to your cheek before he leads the trio through the auditorium doors.

From backstage, you can easily see the ramp that leads to the stage, and the setup in the center. The backdrop is a large, lavender canvas, covered in a larger version of the white outline of the plum blossom album art for 'Dream.' The host of the panel is a well-known personality in the k-pop industry, and as he makes his introductions of the event to those gathered in the seats, you attempt to calm yourself by taking deep breaths.

In your pocket, your phone buzzes twice. Pulling it out, you swipe across the screen, seeing two texts from Seokjin.

"I know you're nervous, but just take those deep breaths like I told you. Hold it in, and then slowly let it out. Seven seconds in, hold, and out. And trust the boys. They won't let anyone ask you questions that are inappropriate or rude. They have your back, Jagiya." The second says, "You got this. I believe in you. If I can do it, you're going to knock it out of the park."

A relieved smile slips onto your face, and you shoulders relax as you text a swift, grateful reply. As you hit send, Jimin reaches once more for your hand and tugs you towards the stage.

"Time to shine," he says with a grin. "Are you good?"

You give a single, assured nod and walk proudly behind him onto the stage. The lights and sounds drown out into a single, mute note as you find yourself being guided to a seat between Hoseok and Jungkook, near the edge of the panel. You're farthest from Namjoon, for which you're grateful in a way; as the leader of the group, he ends up doing most of the talking. Physically distancing yourself from him might be the best idea to keep you from having to speak for the group.

Once the basic introductions are made, even though everyone already knows who everyone else is, the questions from the host begin. The first few are easy questions about the album itself, the making and inspiration and work that went into it. He asks about everyone's roles and the sub units, as well as how they've handled the comeback for the last installment of Map of the Soul. The boys, mostly Namjoon, answer in their usual fashion, both elegant and truthful in their dialogue.

Then, the inevitable questions start to slip in.

"How has it been preparing for an album and tour without two of your most senior members?"

"We'd be lying if we said it's been easy," Namjoon chuckles, trying to answer the host in the most graceful way possible. "Suga and Jin did a lot of work on 'Dream' before they left to do their service, so we still feel as if they're with us, in a way. Jin has his solo track on the album, and it's one he recorded before he left. Suga did much of the songwriting and producing, per usual. But it has been hard. It's been a struggle for all of us to adjust without them, especially when preparing for the tour."

The host nods to you next, and you feel your stomach drop. "But it seems you're not completely rid of a Min family influence. Ms. Min [Y/n], how has it been working with BTS so closely on this project?"

Namjoon gives a small nod of reassurance as you lean forward to speak into the microphone in front of you. "Well...I actually have always worked as a producer on BTS' albums, so this one wasn't so different."

"But this time you're featured on the album as well, is that right?"

Swallowing dryly, you shake your head in agreement. Hoseok places a calming hand on your knee under the table, and you force yourself to take a deep breath in like Seokjin instructed.

"Yes, I am."

"What brought that about?"

"Well, I had released my track 'Silhouette' on Soundcloud a little bit before, and it had gained a lot of traction amongst Armys. When it came time to decide the final track lineup for 'Dream,' Bang Si-hyuk-nim brought up the idea to include it." You nod down towards Namjoon with a smile. "RM thought it was a great idea, and while I didn't agree at first, eventually I came around. The story 'Silhouette' tells fits in perfectly with the narrative in 'Dream.' We added the track, and the rest is history."

The host nods, listening to your answer intently. "So does this make you the eighth member of BTS, or a stand-in for your brother?"

While trying to remain respectful, you can't help but laugh at the question. "Not even close. Everyone knows that there's only one Suga, only one Min Yoongi, and no one will ever come close to replacing my brother. I'm not trying to become the eighth member of BTS, nor am I trying to replace Suga or Jin. I'm a new artist that's being featured on the next album, just like any previous collaboration. The only difference here is that I happen to be related to one of the members. Those artists...they're one-of-a-kind. If I'm a stand-in for either of them, I'd probably fire myself for doing such a sh—sloppy job."

Your last comment earns a chuckle from the host, as well as the audience behind him. "I see you're quite a lot like your brother in many ways, so it's comforting to know that the band still has a Min on their side, even while Suga and Jin are away at service."

Jimin leans forward to speak into his mic, turning his head so he can flash a wink in your direction. "Yeah, she's been like glue for us this past year."

"We're glad to have her on board," Namjoon agrees. "And both Jin and Suga approved all of this, both before and after they left, so there's that extra bit of encouragement."

"So will we expect to see you on the Dream Tour?" Both the host and the rest of the audience go silent, waited with bated breath for your response.

Flashing a small smile, you attempt to hide your nerves when you reply, "You'll see me in a little over a month at the opening in Seoul...and every stop after that."

After the remaining hour of the launch event is over, and the press starts to slip out of the auditorium, the members are escorted backstage to the changing rooms. The announcements being made, from now until Tour begins, the six of you are going to spend the majority of your time traveling for events. You've looked at the calendar and have seen the stops planned. Busan is next, then Tokyo, Nagoya, Hong Kong, Macau, Los Angeles, and New York City. You even recall seeing a handful of stops in Europe, Australia, and South America, as the fanbase has grown exponentially on those continents.

"That went perfectly," Sejin says as the members come off-stage. He nods to you with a proud expression. "You were amazing. All of you."

Jimin scurries over to you and wraps you in a tight hug. "I knew you could do it," he murmurs against your shoulder. "Proud of you, [Y/n]-ah."

Your heart swells at their reassurance, and you pat Jimin's shoulder as a silent thank you. "How can you be sweaty after two hours of sitting?" you tease, shoving him off you.

The blonde scoffs, feigning a hurt expression. "Those lights are bright! And I'm wearing Gucci!"

"Does money make you perspire?"

"Go get changed," Hoseok laughs, separating you two like a mother with her children. "We need to get on to Busan, and tomorrow we fly to Nagoya!"

"Ahhh, now I really miss Jin-hyung and his amazing Japanese skills," Taehyung groans. "I should've practiced more."

The group laughs at his self-inflicted banter and begins the process of changing into travel clothes for the short trip across South Korea.

"How are we getting to Busan?" you ask.

"Can we vote?" Jungkook asks, raising his hand dramatically. "'Cause I vote train."

Sejin shakes his head. "We have a jet already reserved."

The youngest member extends his hand towards the manager, eyes intent and fist closed. "Rock-paper-scissors for it?"

Though amused, Sejin merely points to the dressing room. "Get changed, Jungkookie."

"But—" All Sejin has to do is look directly at the brunet, cock an eyebrow, and cross his arms, and the maknae is grinning apologetically and running for the dressing room. "Plane it is!"

Taglist — @joyful-jimin, @gracehiii, @live-2-fangirl, @rjsmochii, @btsnatalena

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ourloveisforthelovely · 4 years

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To the Ends of the Earth 9

Supernatural

A/n: OOC Gabriel

Link to Chapter 8

Pairings: Gabriel x Reader

________

In front of you stood Adam…

You stood motionless as you looked at your twin with surprised eyes. It had been too long since you had seen your twin. For years you had blamed yourself for the way that your mother and brother had died. It didn’t matter how many times Sam or Dean said that it wasn't your fault, it was always “your fault.”

“Adam.”

He smiled.

“Hi Y/n. I have missed you.”

You didn’t wait a moment longer before taking off to your brother and wrap your arms around him. Adam held you back and pressed his face into your hair

“How are you here?”

You asked as you reached up to cup his face. Adam smiled before glancing over his shoulder at Dean.

“They helped. That is all that matters. How have you been?”

You thought about telling Adam everything but decided against it. The last thing that you really wanted to do was scare Adm with the past few years of your life. You hadn’t even thought of how you were going to tell him that you were dating an archangel. That was going to be an experience in itself! Internally, you winced. Sam and Dean didn’t take it well. Why in the world would Adam take it decently?

“Things are great now!”

Adam took your hand and led you to the couch. He sat down beside you and didn’t let go of your hand.

“Tell me everything that you have been up to.”

You thought about your words carefully. Adam didn’t like it at all when you chose to go with John Winchester. He about hit the ceiling when you dropped the last name Milligan and went to Winchester.

“Y/n?”

You looked up when Sam said your name. Gabriel stood in the hallway watching you with Adam. His amber eyes were locked on the way that Adam held your hand. You sighed as Adam frowned. Even if Gabriel didn’t know who you were exactly to him at the moment, you knew that look...jealousy.

“Gabriel.”

You said his name softly before standing up. The last thing that you wanted was for Gabriel to lose his temper and throw you across the room. Even in his right mind, Gabriel wouldn’t have been thrilled to walk in and see you holding another man’s hand.

Gabriel’s eyes flickered to yours as he gave you the most insolent frown ever. You held your hands up and gave him a soft smile.

“Come here. It's okay.”

You said softly. Maybe if you kept your tone gentle everything would be alright. Gabriel looked between Adam and yourself. He glared at Adam and in the moment you prayed that Gabriel wouldn’t figure out that he had archangel powers.

“Gabriel, please.”

You said again. Gabriel’s attention turned back to yours before slowly walking in your direction. You smiled and reached out for his hand. Gabriel immediately backed away and left you shaking your head. Before the accident, you had made so much progress with the archangel. You could touch him whenever you wanted now. There were sometimes he would shrink away but it was becoming less and less. The more Gabriel stayed on earth the better his reactions to human contact was coming.

“I’m sorry. Here it's okay. You know it's me. Well, I wish you did.”

You said the last past sadly. Gabriel finally stepped a bit closer to you but would not make any kind of move to touch you.

“This is my brother. He’s like Sam and Dean are. His name is Adam.”

Adam, meanwhile, frowned and glanced at his older brothers. Both Sam and Dean were looking at their feet awkwardly. Dean finally looked back up.

“Y/n, why don’t you take Gabriel and get him settled? Whatever it is you do and sweet Jesus I don’t want to know.”

You nodded and motioned for Gabriel to follow you back to your room. Stopping at Dean you gave him a scowl.

“Sex is off the menu right now. In case you haven’t noticed, he is scared to death of me. I could say boo and he would probably hide for weeks. Grow up.”

Dean waited until your bedroom door closed before he turned his attention back to Adam.

“Well, welcome.”

Adam stood and motioned down the hallway.

“What in the hell was that?”

Dean glanced over at Sam. They were both mentally doing rock paper scissors on who was going to tell Adam that his twin was in love with an archangel (an archangel that had totally lost his marbles but an archangel all the same). Finally, Dean sighed and decided it would be him. He was the oldest brother, time to do the rough part.

“That is her boyfriend.”

Adam frowned.

“What’s wrong with him?”

Dean walked into the kitchen before coming back with a beer. He handed it to Adam before motioning to the table.

“ You’re going to need this. We sure as hell have.”

Adam followed his older brothers to the table and sat down. Dean took a sip of his beer before meeting Adam’s questioning gaze.

“Okay kid...do you want the rough part or the easy part first?”

Adam shrugged.

“By the way that you two are acting it looks like none of it is going to be easy.”

Sam nodded.

“Good observation. Adam, Gabriel is an archangel. He and Y/n have been seeing each other for a long time...apparently. We didn’t know because she kept everything from us…”

“That is until she ran off with him.”

Dean supplied. Adam frowned.

“Is this some weird joke?”

Dean motioned to the hallway.

“Go ask Y/n if you don’t believe us. She is the one that fell in love with him. I don’t know how or why. Neither one of them apparently want or have any idea how to talk about how they got together in the first place. To be honest, I don’t really want to know because...gross. All that I know is Y/n is happy. As much as I want to barf seeing them together...I’m not making her end whatever they have. It's good to see her happy for once....”

Adam sat for a good few moments digesting everything. It really seemed like some weird ass joke but given his family's history; it probably wasn’t. Now he had to take in the fact that his sister, his other half, was dating something that could easily kill her...not to mention something that was millions of years older than her.

“So what’s wrong with him?”

Sam sighed.

“His brothers aren’t happy that he is dating a human. They apparently wiped his memory and he is almost vegetable like right now. We are working on fixing him but it isn’t going so well.”

Adam took a sip of his beer before turning to Dean.

“Do you have anything stronger than this?”

Dean chuckled and stood up.

“You bet I do.”

When Dean walked out of the room, Adam turned to Sam.

“So Y/n is just going to sit around and baby this guy for the rest of eternity?”

Sam shrugged.

“As long as it takes. I wouldn’t even try talking her out of it. You’ll just be wasting your time.”

Adam rolled his eyes. Screw that mess. He was definitely going to be having a talk with you! You needed to get your head out of whatever romance novel that you were stuck in and come back to reality! As far as Adam was concerned, he was going to be on your case until you broke up with the archangel. There was going to be no more dating angels once Adam got his say!

“That isn’t going to work.”

Adam spun around as Castiel came out of the shadows with a frown on his face.

“Yeah? Why not? She’s going to listen to me.”

Adam sneered. Cas didn’t back down. He didn't have time to deal with Adam at the moment. His plate was full as it was and dealing with some kid with a vendetta just wasn’t happening.

“Y/n has seen Gabriel’s wings.”

Adam frowned.

“Yeah, so?”

“You don’t know what that means?”

Cas asked. Adam shook his head as Dean returned with two glasses of whiskey. Dean put the cup down before taking a shot of his own drink.

“It means we can’t break them up.”

Adam leaned back in his chair as Cas sat down across from him.

“It means that she is his soul mate. If you try to keep them apart, when Gabriel comes back to his senses...you are going to be number 1 on his list. I wouldn’t tangle with an archangel if I were you.”

Adam stood up and rubbed his hands over his eyes. This was the most horrible thing that he could have imagined happening. He was expecting to come back and the two of you just pick up where leaving off. You could be brother and sister again...best friends. Now he knew that nothing could be what it was because nothing was the same.

“Son of a bitch!”

(meanwhile)

You sat across from Gabriel as he stared off into space. Sighing, you wanted nothing more than to reach out and stroke one of his loose curls away from his face. This would be a hell of a moment, to have your actual boyfriend back!

“You don’t have to worry about Adam. He’s my brother and this isn’t an episode of Game of Thrones.”

Gabriel’s attention turned to you as he looked at you curiously. You smiled.

“That got your attention.”

Gabriel only blinked a few times. You were struggling. Struggling was a light word to use at the moment.You were so close to losing it that if there was one more slight inconvenience; you would probably break out in tears.

“Gabriel, I wish that you could talk...or know who I am...anything. I am trying so hard to help you and I feel like I am not getting anywhere. That doesn’t mean that I don’t love you though. I love you so much...if I have to spend the rest of forever trying to fix you I will but I am going to need some help from you too. All I know is, when I get my hands on your brothers...it isn’t going to be pretty. Hell, you’ll probably get mad at me for what I am going to do to them…”

Gabriel reached out and took your hand in his. He stroked the palm of your hand slowly.

“I think somewhere in there you know where I am.”

Gabriel’s honey eyes rolled back to yours before giving you a small smile. He didn’t let go of your hand before moving his fingers into the shape of sign language letters. You frowned before following along slowly. He couldn’t speak a word but could remember how to do sign language. You would take it! At the moment, you would take anything that he had to give you.

“Pretty girl.”

You said with a smile when his hand stopped moving. Gabriel nodded before continuing to stroke your hand. You couldn’t fight the smile that spread across your face. Looking back up, you met Gabriel’s face. Just that little bit was enough to renew your very weak faith in some kind of miracle.

“We’ll figure it out.”

_____

@brokencasbutt67-writer @maggiolim @tas898 @supernaturalways @stuckinsaudi1 @authoressskr @authoressskr @shaylybaby2032 @summer-novak @emiwrites3reads @li0nh34rt @untoldshortsofthefandoms @mycuddlycorner @wontlookaway @shadows-and-padlocked-hearts @deanwherescas @hankypranky @sprnaturallover @marichromatic @fandom-trash-worth-it @shitfaceddaniel

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starbladek · 5 years

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50 questions

1. What takes up too much of your time? Youtube, and working on projects

2. What makes your day better? Getting direct messages from people I care about, and also making visible tangible progress on my projects

3. What’s the best thing that happened to you today? Someone I care about asked if they could come over tonight

4. What fictional place would you like to go to? The world of Terraria, but like only if I could go with my friends and then leave once we’re all done with it

5. Are you good at giving advice? Probably not, I frequently feel like I’m choosing the bad dialogue choice in a telltale game when trying to convey how I feel about a person’s situation and what I believe they should do

6. Do you have a mental illness? I default to saying no until proven otherwise. Part of me thinks I’m manic bipolar to some degree, and I apparently display a lot of behaviours that would indicate I have some level of autism, but I’m gonna continue saying no until I get triaged by a professional

7. Have you ever experienced sleep paralysis? Yeah, there was a shadow monster man at the foot of my bed and it was scary but not as traumatizing as I’ve heard it can be

8. What musician inspires you the most? Grant Kirkhope

9. Have you ever fallen in love? No

10. What’s your dream date? Beach, shaved ice, local coop games at home

11. What do others notice about you? My smile

12. What’s an annoying habit you have? I’m always peeling my nails. I’ve done so ever since I was a kid, and I’m pretty sure it was a nervous habit back then, but it’s become so second-nature to me that it’s just something I do now, and I can’t fathom being unable to do so

13. Do you still talk to your first love? No

14. How many exes do you have? 0

15. How many songs are in your playlist? 1118

16. What instruments can you play? I’ve taken lessons for both guitar and drums, but I hated both and never tried any instrument since

17. What do you have the most pictures of? Shiba Inus, because a couple years ago I got an inflated sense of self-identify by being the “shibe” person, and in order to hold that title, I had to accrue as many pictures of them as possible

18. Where would you like to go before you die? Top of mount whitney again

19. What’s your zodiac? Scorpio

20. Do you relate to it? iirc they’re known for being chaotic neutral, so yeah

21. What is happiness to you? Receiving confirmation that my friends still like me, which is usually through the act of directly messaging me, or mentioning me in a GC or something. Also making progress/completing personal projects, and receiving validation from friends/strangers that I’m not wasting my time working on them

22. Are you going through anything right now? As a post-grad NEET, I’m very anxious over my ability to get a job doing what I like. And also I lost some really close friends recently

23. What’s the worst decision you ever made? I asked someone something personal once and they said yes, and it lead to the slowest, most agonizing burn of a close friendship I’d ever experienced. If I didn’t ask that one question, if I didn’t compound those ten syllables, if I didn’t make the choice to take three seconds and ask the question, I feel like I’d be in a tremendously different spot with my friends. Also trying to pretend to be someone else in high school to appeal to someone I had a huge crush on. Also not getting an internship in college. Also-

24. What’s your favorite store? Target

25. What’s your opinion about abortion? Pro choice

26. Do you keep a bucket list? no

27. Do you have a favorite album? Sonic Firestorm by Dragonforce

28. What do you want for your birthday? Shelves and sand, and anything that’s like handcrafted and made with care

29. What are people’s first impressions of you? Pleasant, talkative, sometimes intrusive

30. What age do you seem according to most people? 21

31. Where do you keep your phone while you’re sleeping? Directly next to my head, so that my alarm may rupture my eardrums and I won’t disappoint whomever I’m meeting up with

32. What word do you say the most? rad

33. What’s the oldest age you would date? 28

34. What’s the youngest you would date? 20

35. What job/career do most people say would suit you? Game developer presumably, because that’s what I spend most of my time doing

36. What’s your favorite music genre? Happy hardcore

37. If you could live in any country in the world, where would it be? Somewhere with pretty landscapes, lots of mountains

38. What is your current favorite song? Techno Kitty ft. Sara

39. How long have you had this blog for? Since 2012

40. What are you excited for? Friday because I’m going to a bonfire, Banjo Kazooie in smash, the prospect of one day finishing my projects, L4D3

41. Are you a better talker or listener? Talker. Being put in a dedicated listening position gives me a lot of anxiety because I’ve frequently had experiences with close friends where I didn’t commit something they said to memory, and they got mad at me later for it. I think I talk a lot more than I should in order to avoid being in a position where my friends are expecting me to commit their facts to memory, and I could potentially fail to do so and disappoint them. I still try my best if I’m but in a dedicated listening position though

42. What was the last productive thing you did? Worked on Big Bill

43. What do you want for Christmas? Things that can’t be bought in a store

44. What class do you get the best grades in? Like, objectively the art classes because they literally can’t give you anything less than a 100% as long as you exert effort in the projects, regardless of how shitty the end product is

45. On a scale of 1-10, how are you feeling right now? 8/10, very minor headache but I’ve got a full day ahead of me for working on stuff and playing local coop games with someone coming over later

46. What can you see yourself doing in ten years? Either jumping from position to position within the software development industry, barely riding off of whatever financial float I accrued from the position prior, or working as a janitor at a mall

47. When did you get your first heartbreak? Idk when my first was, but my most recent one was when I asked that personal question to a close friend and it lead to our relationship slowly burning away over the course of four months

48. What age do you want to get married? Sometime before either of my parents die

49. What career did you want to have as a child? When I was 8 I wanted to be a mechanic for some reason

50. What do you crave right now? An icee

#me

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lindoig4 · 5 years

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Iceland - all in one long post

(It is now Saturday 24 August and we are in St Johns, Newfoundland, and before I wade into Iceland, I thought I would summarise the birds we have identified so far. Some we have seen in more than one place, so the number of discrete species we have seen is still less than 100 – 99 in fact. But by country, my count currently stands at 138, made up of 36 in the US; 4 when we were in Montreal and a further 11 here, making it 15 for Canada; 9 in Oslo and 21 more in Svalbard making 30 for Norway, 20 in Greenland and 10 in the Denmark Strait – so possibly 30 for Denmark, depending on how we define it and 27 for Iceland. I don’t intend canvassing international relations or interpreting the Law of the Sea so it is up to you to define Greenland, the Denmark Strait and international waters however you choose – I decline to enter into any dispute on the issue.)

Now back to wonderful Iceland.

We arrived early in the morning after a pretty wild day and night at sea and we were probably happy enough to be on land again. Not because of the rocking and rolling, but because we were a bit overloaded with all we had experienced on the expeditions and felt that anything else would likely be more of the same. The only thing we hadn’t seen that would have been nice was more whales, specifically belugas and narwhals, but we can’t have everything – or at least, we have been told so.

On the other hand, our expectations of Iceland left us a little cold (so to speak) but we were wonderfully wrong! We disembarked at 9am and were bussed to a stop just down the hill from our hotel. Not sure why they couldn’t drop us off as we went past, but it was only a couple of hundred metres back up the hill lugging our luggage. (There is a reason it is called Luggage.)

We spent most of the day in our room but went out to the supermarket and had a drink on the way back. I spent some time dashing in and out of the hotel into the garden at the back chasing a bird that kept calling every now and then, but I never found it. I eventually discovered that an identical sound came from a squeaky lift the was right next to where I thought the mythical bird was calling!

In the late afternoon, we went to the hotel bar for a 2 for 1 drink Happy Hour and fell into conversation with two local women almost our age and we had a really wonderful hour or so with them. They were both lovely intelligent women and it was a complete pleasure to share our respective thoughts with a wonderful couple of locals.

We then went to a Vietnamese restaurant we had sussed out whilst shopping and it was a big disappointment. Very ordinary food in pretty scungy surroundings for about $90 Oz with no drinks!

We went on two tours whilst in Reykjavik. I clearly recall being taught in high school that there is no green in Greenland and no ice in Iceland. But like many of the gems imparted to naive teenagers at school, both are entirely wrong.

We saw a lot of green in Greenland - no towering forests or endless savannahs but plenty of green ground-cover in lots of places. Similarly, in Iceland, there is not a lot of summer snow, but they play few winter sports because everything is blanketed in snow, inhibiting outdoor sports, even if competitors and spectators were able to attend snowbound venues (which they aren’t!)

But Iceland is certainly spectacular in summer. As I said, we went on two wonderful tours (thank you Nice Tours), but a few observations first.

Iceland has fewer than 350,000 residents (and 3,000,000 summer tourists each year), over two-thirds of them living in Reykjavik. Most of the others are farmers and their small beautiful farms are a picture of neatness, looking like they sweep the hills and comb the grass before the tourists arrive each morning. They desperately want more residents (their unemployment rate is effectively zero) and despite some resentment about the changes brought about to accommodate us, they are heavily dependent on tourism as their biggest contributor to GDP.

They have virtually unlimited geothermal energy and squander it outrageously. Similarly, water is abundant and profligacy is considered absurd. The geothermal water powers some of their electricity needs and is then returned to the earth or used to heat every building in the country. The rest of their energy comes from hydro plants. Even some small collectives of farmers agree to install a small power plant to provide for their own needs and feed the surplus into the already overloaded grid. The only other fuel source appears to be imported petroleum at a little over $A2 a litre.

The hot water contains a bit of a cocktail of harmless minerals but smells a bit, so is used for showers and heating and the cold meltwater for most other things.

In the winter, some parts of the country are virtually inaccessible and the roads in those areas are atrocious but nearer Reykjavík, they are quite good - and the city itself is very modern-looking. No high-rises because they have plenty of room, but there are a few 5 or 6 level buildings.

There are NO trees away from the city, although a few farmers have attempted to grow some without a lot of success. But around Reykjavík, there are plenty of trees due to a concerted effort to provide some windbreaks for a few clicks around. I went for a walk this morning and found it very hard going, but apparently, the wind has been known to blow many people over, even to blow cell phones out of their hands (Shock, horror!). People stay indoors during the worst of the wind.

It is a very expensive place to live. We paid over $A85 for a very crummy meal at a Greasy Joe Chinese restaurant a couple of nights ago (our second expensive meal out) and even the supermarket gives rise to a few nasty shocks. One interesting point is that it costs more to build a house here than its sale price so a lot of people build their own rather than buy something that costs more than they could sell it for.

Having said all of that, Iceland is a wonderfully beautiful place with heaps of great things to see and do. It is very progressive. They had a National Pride Parade on the day we arrived and the whole city was decked out with rainbow flags and paraphernalia. The whole city seemed involved in celebrating the march and its participants. They are a very inclusive society and I found some of their more progressive ideas a little surprising - in a very good way.

Our tours were brilliant. Although we didn’t have any great expectations of the country before we arrived, I now wish we could just squeeze another month or so into our visit.

Golden Circle Tour

This is one of the more popular one-day tours and the scenery is amazing. (Most tours are multi-day and many are about 11 days and circumnavigate the island on their version of our Highway 1, although it is a little more rustic than ours in the north.). Rugged mountains, massive volcanic lava-fields, giant glaciers, thousands of waterfalls, wonderful wildlife (mainly birds) and miniature flora – simply superb. There are far more Icelandic horses than Icelanders - a unique breed that will remain pure because no other horses are allowed in, including any local horses that leave the country to compete in events - they are not allowed back in under any conditions! The sheep run free and have right of way on the road and all look very healthy: fat and woolly. There are cattle here, but they are mainly kept indoors - as are all the sheep in the colder months.

We visited the world’s second largest geyser (after Yellowstone) and watched it shoot almost 40 metres skywards every 5 to 8 minutes. It is the Geysir Strokkur and is source of word ‘geyser’ worldwide. We were careful to stay upwind, but some people got very wet trying to get the perfect selfie. There are numerous hot springs around and we saw plenty of thermal activity as we ate our packed lunch and walked to and from our bus. (I am tired of typing ‘spectacular’ so please just insert it once or twice in each paragraph. If any needs me to, I will provide a few hundred copies of spectacular, beautiful, amazing, astounding, wonderful, awesome, mindboggling, fantastic, fabulous – even fantabulous if you must - and any other superlatives you wish and you can just copy and paste them into each sentence or clause as you prefer – because they are all highly appropriate!)

We went to an awesome volcanic crater, obviously inactive, but huge, very steep-sided with a beautiful lake inside. We walked right around the ridge and photographed it from many angles. It was very windy and getting close to the rim was quite scary at times.

And what a spectacular waterfall Gulifoss was! It is fuelled by meltwater but totally awesome - mind-bogglingly so but still not Iceland’s biggest! The volume of water cascading down was truly (insert several superlatives here) but this was after a veritable drought - the driest period they have had for years. The water is funnelled into a huge canyon, way below anything we could see, but in a normal year, the volume is so huge, it fills the canyon! When I finally get some pics posted, you might imagine why it defies description.

We called in at a working farm for an icecream. Icelanders are the world’s most voracious consumers of icecream and we stopped at a couple of other places later in the day to avoid our guide suffering withdrawal symptoms.

Another stop was at the site of the world’s oldest parliament, dating to the 9th century. The tribes in the area decided that they needed more order in their community so elected a leader each 3 years and presented him with all their disputes and issues requiring resolution. He was given one day to think about them all and then stood on this particular rocky outcrop and addressed the assembled throng with his binding decisions the following day. It is now a UN World Heritage site and our guide was able to fill out a bit of history about it. Perhaps more significantly though is that the rock is on the very edge of the North American tectonic plate. We walked through an amazingly impressive fissure to get to the rock and it was a sobering thought that we were on such prehistorically significant ground. There is 6 kilometres between this and the nearby Eurasian plate at this point, with this distance growing by about 2.5 cm a year. At some point in the future a cataclysmic rupture is bound to happen right where we stood.

Then it was on the Eurasian tectonic plate, but with no fanfare or obvious geological features to mark it - but then, after the grandeur of the other side, it would be hard to match anyway. We spent much of the rest of the day in Eurasia - no passport required!

A truly fantastic tour and overloaded with historical, geological and simply grandeural(??) overload, we ate bread rolls and supped on Aquavit in our room at night.

Monday was a rest day, soaking in some of the previous day’s experience, washing, blogging, Happy Houring and finally eating at an extraordinarily sub-ordinary Chinese café at great expense at night.

Snaefellsnes Peninsula Tour

But next day was the Snaefellsnes Peninsula Tour: perhaps even more spectacular than the Golden Circle Tour. The giant glacier atop the mountain was distant, but omnipresent even at 200km distance. We saw dozens/scores of waterfalls (fosses in Icelandic), cascading down the mountains from the interior snowmelt and creating hundreds of crystal-clear creeks and rivers. At one time, some locals sent a sample of the river water to an international laboratory to see what minerals it contained. Receiving no response, they contacted the lab to enquire as to progress with the testing - only to be ridiculed by the analysers for wasting their time sending obviously distilled water for testing! Did I say crystal clear!?

We explored one wonderfully picturesque foss and associated lake close up - pics will eventually be posted. Just across the road from this great waterfall is a mountain that was historically assumed to be rather nondescript until a photo of it was unexpectedly voted one of the world’s ten most iconic mountains and a tourism cavalcade ensued. The mountain has featured in quite a lot of films, but alas, I don’t recall which. Maybe my photos will prompt some memories.

We had a superb fish lunch at a restaurant where our guide knew the chef. He seemed to know a lot of people, but had worked in a small local hotel with this chef - recently returned to Iceland as chef at a 3 Michelin hat restaurant in Europe. The food was excellent and because at least 10 of us agreed to purchase the fish special, we got it at half price: much closer to what we would pay for a similar meal in Oz.

We walked along the cliff from a charming tiny enclosed fishing harbour, past some awe-inspiring sink-holes too scary to get close enough to see the bottom, past a delightful bird-encrusted lake, past more cliffs filled mainly with nesting gulls, lava caves and blowholes, a fantastic rocky arch to a lookout with more caves, more nesting kittiwakes and a mass of hexagonal basaltic columns formed by the lava cooling more slowly. To add spectacle to amazing wonder, the columns were not straight, but twisted and bent in line with the strata being formed at the time. A geology lesson in itself!

Then on the way back to our little bus, we passed a man-made stone structure representing a monument to a local troll. Icelanders are very superstitious and many still believe in good and bad trolls and other forces that seem quite alien to us. Most of the island’s roads were built about 100 years ago when superstition was even more rife and many roads take unexpected detours to avoid crossing evil troll-infested sites (or to proceed through beneficent troll areas), much like our sacred sites in Australia only more so. And many people still ascribe or predict events to the beneficial or vengeful actions of trolls - and act accordingly, doing good things or avoiding bad omens just to be on the safe side.

We visited a beach made of black pebbles and vicious looking lava outcrops. It was surrounded by a lava field, mostly covered with wonderful soft silvery-green moss and lichens. After the lave cools, dust is blown in and microscopic lichen, fungus and algae start to grow, followed a few millennia later by the mosses that continue to break down the lava into what eventually becomes arable land - if it is not then covered by more lava or a glacier.

It was a long tour, almost 12 hours of utter wonder. We had walked several delightful kilometres and climbed quite a few steps and were quite tired by the time we reached our hotel so just ate what was in the fridge and went to bed, weary but still buzzing with the excitement of all we had seen. For me, a little bonus was the improved variety and number of birds we saw along the way, many of which we had been able to view with surprising clarity.

Our last day in Iceland was almost an anticlimax. I went for a long walk around Reykjavik in the morning. Heather’s ankle that she broke a couple of years ago was too sore to accompany me and we just reviewed photos, wrote stuff, repacked and had a Happy Hour in preparation for the long trip to St Johns on the morrow.

But given the chance, we would be back in Iceland with a campervan for a month or more perhaps risking the shoulder period to see the best of the whole island in all sorts of weather. It is definitely a place that should be on everyone’s Bucket List and even after being here, it is still on ours!

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jooniebeom · 5 years

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50 questions tag

tagged by @wonpilism thank u!!

1. what takes up too much of your time? work

2. what makes your day better? playing overwatch with my friend jesse, driving and listening to music

3. what’s the best thing that happened to you today? nothing really stood out about today???

4. what fictional place would you like to go? im gonna stick with your lotr theme and say rivendell

5. are you good at giving advice? i don’t think so, i suck at thinking of things to say

6. do you have any mental illness? idk but i’ve been depressed and dealing with anxiety for a little over a year now :///

7. have you ever experienced sleep paralysis? yes and it SUCKS. but always in this house i would help my bf watch for a family friend that they thought was haunted

8. what musician inspired you the most? probably green day

9. have you ever fallen in love? yes

10. what’s your dream date? i..don’t really have one

11. what do others notice about you? if i’m at work, my name..everyone has to bring up amazon ‘alexa’

12. what is the annoying habit you have? idk, maybe cracking my knuckles?

13. do you still talk to you first love? nope idk if my previous relationships would even count tbh

14. how many ex’s do you have? 4...3 of them were less than a week :///

15. how many songs are on your playlist? i’m lazy and just go off of what spotify makes for me. i used to have a playlist for writing but i haven’t written in 2 years??

16. what instruments can you play? none

17. who do you have the most pictures of? my parents

18. where would you like to go before you die? i wanna take my mom to england :)

19. what is your zodiac? leo

20. do you relate to it? not really, in some instances yes but i only relate to my zodiac if you take all the other signs into account

21. what is happiness to you? being comfortable with how i’m doing in life, living somewhere i can have a new experience every day

22. are you going through anything right now? oh yea

23. what’s the worst decision you’ve ever made? staying in az when my parents moved back to the east coast. i made the decision for stupid reasons that i thought i wanted and now i can’t make myself get up and leave even though my parents would help me move at a moment’s notice

24. what’s your favorite store? i agree target is!! amazing

25. what’s your opinion on abortion? pro-choice

26. do you keep a bucket list? no

27. do you have a favorite album at the moment? want

28. what do you want for your birthday? idk yet, probably gift cards :///

29. what are most peoples first impression of you? that i’m quiet

30. what age do you seem according to most people? around 20

31. where do you keep your phone while you’re sleeping? on my bed next to me

32.what word do you say the most? ‘just’, idk why

33. what’s the oldest age you would date? 4 years older (28)

34. what’s the youngest age you would date? 1 yr younger (23)

35. what job/career do most people say would suit you? no one’s ever said lol

36. what’s your favorite music genre? metal but i love everything!!

37. if you could live in any country in the world, where would it be? there’s a few, but germany. i miss it a lot

38. what is your current favorite song? ‘say my name’ by ateez

39. how long have you had this blog for? 2 or 3 years i think, my old one since 2011 probably

40. what are you excited for? nothing really??

41. are you a better talker or listener? listener

42. what is the last productive thing you did? pay off a huge bill

43. what do you want for christmas? to be home

44.what class do you get the best grades in? english classes, some science classes

45. on a scale from 1-10, how are you feeling right now? 4

46. what can you see yourself doing in 10 years? i can’t even think that far ahead right now tbh, hopefully not stuck in the same position i’m in now

47. when did you get your first heartbreak? sophomore year in high school

48. at what age do you want to get married? i wanted to be married and have kids at a younger age, around 25-27 but now??? no idea, i don’t think i’d even be ready at 28

49. what career did you want to have as a child? i think a vet lol

50. what do you crave right now? progress, to be with my family, get my life started

#about me #i saw this and went 'oh i'm gonna do this' but didnt get the notif that you tagged me in it until i scrolled to the bottom lmao

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tlatollotl · 6 years

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There's no other way to put it: Maria de los Angeles Tun Burgos is a supermom.

She's raising five children, does housework and chores — we're talking about fresh tortillas every day made from stone-ground corn — and she helps with the family's business in their small village about 2 1/2 hours west of Cancun on the Yucatan.

Sitting on a rainbow-colored hammock inside her home, Burgos, 41, is cool as a cucumber. It's morning, after breakfast. Her youngest daughter, 4-year-old Alexa, sits on her knee, clearly trying to get her attention by hitting a teddy bear on her mom's leg. The middle daughter, 9-year-old Gelmy, is running around with neighborhood kids — climbing trees, chasing chickens — and her oldest daughter, 12-year-old Angela, has just woken up and started doing the dishes, without being asked. The older kids aren't in school because it's spring break.

Burgos is constantly on parental duty. She often tosses off little warnings about safety: "Watch out for the fire" or "Don't play around the construction area." But her tone is calm. Her body is relaxed. There's no sense of urgency or anxiety.

In return, the children offer minimal resistance to their mother's advice. There's little whining, little crying and basically no yelling or bickering.

In general, Burgos makes the whole parenting thing look — dare, I say it — easy. So I ask her: "Do you think that being a mom is stressful?"

Burgos looks at me as if I'm from Mars. "Stressful? What do you mean by stressful?" she responds through a Mayan translator.

A five-minute conversation ensues between Burgos and the translator, trying to convey the idea of "stressful." There doesn't seem to be a straight-up Mayan term, at least not pertaining to motherhood.

But finally, after much debate, the translator seems to have found a way to explain what I mean, and Burgos answers.

"There are times that I worry about my children, like when my son was 12 and only wanted to be with his friends and not study," Burgos says. "I was worried about his future." But once she guided him back on track, the worry went away.

In general, she shows no sense of chronic worry or stress.

"I know that raising kids is slow," she says. "Little by little they will learn."

Breast, formula or goat?

Burgos learned how to be a mom by watching — and helping — her own mom, her aunts and her neighbors raise many children. Throughout her childhood, she was training to be a mom.

Here in the U.S., many parents don't have this firsthand experience before having children themselves. Instead, we often learn about burping, potty training and tantrum control through parenting books, Google searches and YouTube videos. But this information comes with two big caveats, which aren't always divulged.

For starters, parenting advice can give the impression that the recommendations are based on science. But a deep look at some studies reveals that the science is more like smoke and mirrors. Sometimes the studies don't even test what the parenting expert is purporting they do.

Take for instance a study often cited as evidence that the "cry-it-out" method of sleep training is effective. The method claims that if babies are left to cry themselves to sleep, eventually they will learn to fall asleep on their own without crying, and sleep through the night.

But what the study actually tests is a gentler regime, in which babies were left to cry for only a short amount of time before being comforted. And the parents were supported by a hefty amount of personalized counseling on their babies' sleep and eating habits. The babies who made progress also did not retain the ability to put themselves to sleep and stay asleep over the long term.

As psychologist Ben Bradley argues in his book Vision of Infancy, a Critical Introduction to Psychology: "Scientific observations about babies are more like mirrors which reflect back the preoccupations and visions of those who study them than like windows opening directly on the foundations of the mind."

And sometimes the data supporting the recommendation are so flimsy that another study in a few years will come along and not only overturn the first study but completely flip the advice 180 degrees.

This is exactly what happened last year with peanuts. Back in 2000, the American Academy of Pediatrics advised parents not to give babies peanut butter because one study suggested early exposure would increase the risk of developing an allergy. But last year, the medical community made a complete about-face on the advice and now says "Let them eat peanuts!" Early peanut exposure actually prevents allergies, follow up studies have found.

So if science isn't the secret sauce to parenting books, what is? To answer that, we have to go back in time.

In the early 1980s, the British writer Christina Hardyment began reviewing more than 650 parenting books and manuals, dating all the way back to the mid-1700s when advice publications started appearing in hospitals. The result is an illuminating book, called Dream Babies, which traces the history of parenting advice from 17th-century English physician and philosopher John Locke to the modern-day medical couple Bill and Martha Sears.

The conclusions from the book are as clear as your baby's tears: Advice in parenting books is typically based not on rigorous scientific studies as is at times claimed but on the opinions and experiences of the authors and on theories from past parenting manuals — sometimes as long as the 18th century.

Then there's the matter of consistency — or lack thereof. Since the late 1700s, "experts" have flip-flopped recommendations over and over, from advising strict routines and discipline to a more permissive, laissez-faire approach and back again.

"While babies and parents remain constants, advice on the former to the latter veers with the winds of social, philosophical and psychological change," Hardyment writes. "There is no such thing as a generally applicable blueprint for perfect parenting."

Take, for instance, the idea that babies need to feed on a particular schedule. According to Hardyment's research, that advice first appears in a London hospital pamphlet in 1748. Sleep schedules for babies start coming into fashion in the early 1900s. And sleep training? That idea was proposed by a British surgeon-turned-sports writer in 1873. If babies "are left to go to sleep in their cots, and allowed to find out that they do not get their way by crying, they at once become reconciled, and after a short time will go to bed even more readily in the cot than on the lap," John Henry Walsh wrote in his Manual of Domestic Economy.

Even the heated debate about breastfeeding has been simmering, and flaring up, for at least 250 years, Hardyment shows. In the 18th century, mothers didn't have high-tech formula but had many recommendations about what was best for the baby and the family. Should a mother send the baby off to a wet nurse's home, so her husband won't be offended by the sight of a baby suckling? And if the family couldn't afford a wet nurse, there was specially treated cow's milk available or even better, the baby could be nursed by a goat, 18th-century parenting books advised. (If you're wondering how moms accomplished such a feat, Hardyment includes an 18th-century drawing of a young mom pushing a swaddled newborn underneath a goat's udder.)

Goat udders aside, perhaps the bigger issue with parenting books and advice on the Web is what they aren't telling you. And boy, is there a large hole.

These sources ignore most of the world and come almost entirely from the experience of Western culture. But when it comes to understanding what a baby needs, how kids work and what to do when your toddler is lying on the sidewalk (just asking for a friend), Western society might not be the best place to focus.

"WEIRD," stressed-out parents equal anxious kids?

In 2010, three scientists at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, rocked the psychology world.

They published a 23-page paper titled "The weirdest people in the world?" And in it, uncovered a major limitation with many psychological studies, especially those claiming to address questions of "human nature."

First, the team noted that the vast majority of studies in psychology, cognitive science and economics — about 96 percent — have been performed on people with European backgrounds. And yet, when scientists perform some of these experiments in other cultures the results often don't match up. Westerners stick out as outliers on the spectrum of behavior, while people from indigenous cultures tend to clump together, more in the middle.

Even in experiments that appear to test basic brain function, like visual perception, Westerners can act strangely. Take one of the most famous optical illusions — the Muller-Lyer illusion, from 1889.

The Müller-Lyer illusion, devised in 1889.

Americans often believe the second line is about 20 percent longer than the first, even though the two lines are exactly the same length. But when scientists gave the test to 14 indigenous cultures, none of them were tricked to the same degree as Westerners. Some cultures, such as the San foragers in southern Africa's Kalahari desert, knew the two lines were equal length.

The conclusion from these analyses was startling: People from Western society, "including young children, are among the least representative populations one could find for generalizing about humans," Joseph Heinrich and his colleagues wrote. The researchers even came up with a catchy acronym to describe the phenomenon. They called our culture WEIRD, for Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic societies.

With that paper, the ethnocentric view of psychology cracked. It wasn't so much that the emperor of psychology had no clothes. It was more that he was dancing around in Western garb pretending to represent all humanity.

A few years later, an anthropologist from Utah State University, David Lancy, performed a similar analysis on parenting. The conclusion was just as clear-cut: When you look around the world and throughout human history, the Western style of parenting is WEIRD. We are outliers.

In many instances, what we think is "necessary" or "critical" for childhood is actually not present in any other cultures around the world or throughout time.

"The list of differences is really, really long," says David Lancy, who summarizes them in the second edition of his landmark book The Anthropology of Childhood: Cherubs, Chattel, Changelings. "There may be 40 to 50 things that we do that you don't see in indigenous cultures."

Perhaps most striking is how Western society segregates children from adults. We have created two worlds: the kid world and the adult world. And we go through great pains to keep them apart. Kids have their own special foods, their own times to go to sleep, their own activities on the weekends. Kids go to school. Parents go to work. "Much of the adult culture ... is restricted [for kids]," Lancy writes. "Children are perceived as too young, uneducated, or burdensome to be readily admitted to the adult sphere."

But in many indigenous cultures, children are immersed in the adult world early on, and they acquire great skills from the experience. They learn to socialize, to do household chores, cook food and master a family's business, Lancy writes.

Western culture is also a relative newcomer to parenting. Hunter-gatherers and other indigenous cultures have had tens of thousands of years to hone their strategies, not to mention that the parent-child relationship actually evolved in these contexts.

Of course, just because a practice is ancient, "natural" or universal doesn't mean it's necessarily better, especially given that Western kids eventually have to live — and hopefully succeed — in a WEIRD society. But widening the parenting lens, even just a smidgen, has a practical purpose: It gives parents options.

"When you look at the whole world and see the diversity out there, parents can start to imagine other ways of doing things," says Suzanne Gaskins, a developmental psychologist at Northeastern Illinois University, who for 40 years has been studying how Maya moms in the Yucatan raise helpful kids.

"Some of the approaches families use in other cultures might fit an American child's needs better than the advice they are given in books or from the pediatricians," she adds.

Who's in charge?

So what kind of different philosophies are out there?

When I spent time with Maya families that Gaskins has studied, I saw a very different approach to control.

In Western culture, parenting is often about control.

"We think of obedience from a control angle. Somebody is in charge and the other one is doing what they are told because they have to," says Barbara Rogoff, a psychologist at the University of California, Santa Cruz, who has studied the Maya culture for 30 years.

Gelmy, one of the five kids in Maria de los Angeles Tun Burgosa's family, rakes the backyard of their home in Yucatan, Mexico.

And if you pay attention to the way parents interact with children in our society, the idea is blazingly obvious. We tend to boss them around. "Put your shoes on!" or "Eat your sandwich!"

"People think either the adult is in control or the child is in control," Rogoff says.

But what if there is another way to interact with kids that removes control from the equation, almost altogether?

That's exactly what the Mayas — and several other indigenous cultures — do. Instead of trying to control children, Rogoff says, parents aim to collaborate with them.

"It's kids and adults together accomplishing a common goal," Rogoff says. "It's not letting the kids do whatever they want. It's a matter of children — and parents — being willing to be guided."

In the Maya culture, even the littlest of children are treated with this respect. "It's collaborative from the get-go."

The idea is so strong that some Mayan languages don't even have a word for "control" when talking about children, Rogoff says.

After visiting the Maya village this spring, I've been trying this approach with my 2 1/2-year-old daughter. For instance, I often struggle to get Rosemary to put her clothes on the morning. In the past, I would nag and yell: "Put your shoes on! Get your jacket!"

But now I try a more collaborative approach. "Rosemary, mom, dad and Mango [our dog] are all going to the beach," I explain. "If you want to go to the beach, you have to put your shoes on. Do you want to go to the beach?" So far it's working.

And if Rosemary says she doesn't want to go to the beach? What would a Maya mom do? She would drop her off at an aunt's or neighbor's house and spend an afternoon without her. Because Maya families also have a different idea about who is supposed to care for the kids. One way to think of it: They don't keep mom in a box.

Get mom out of the box

In our culture there's a lingering belief that the ideal family structure for kids is a stay-at-home mom who devotes her full attention to the kids. That may sound like a relic from the past. But even just 10 years ago, 41 percent of people thought moms working outside was harmful to society, PEW research found. The result is a mom stuck in an apartment or a single-family home — which are both essentially boxes — raising children, alone.

But if you look around the world and throughout human history, this parenting approach is arguably one of the most nontraditional out there. The notion that the mom is responsible for raising the children, alone, is even strange within Western culture. Up until about 150 years ago, households were much larger and included extended family members and sometimes paid help, historian Stephanie Coontz documents in The Way We Never Were. And women were expected to earn some income for the family. "Women not only brought home half the bacon, they often raised and butchered the pig," Coontz says.

Anthropologist David Lancy compares the "mom in the box" approach to parenting to what happens with an Inuit family in the Arctic, when inclement weather isolates a mom and her child in an igloo and forces the mom to be the only playmate for the children. Most of the burden of parenting is placed on the mom. "There is every reason to believe that modern living conditions in which infants and toddlers are isolated from peers in single-parent or nuclear households produce a parallel effect," Lancy writes: a mom left to a perform a role typically performed by children — that is, siblings, cousins, neighborhood kids and whoever else is hanging around a home.

Human children didn't evolve in a nuclear family. Instead, for hundreds of thousands of years, kids have been brought up with a slew of people — grandparents, aunts, uncles, siblings, the neighbors, Lancy writes. It's not that you need a whole village, as the saying goes, but rather an extended family — which could include biological relatives but also neighbors, close friends or paid help.

Throughout human history, motherhood has been seen as a set of tasks that can be accomplished by many types of people, like relatives and neighbors, the historian John R. Gillis writes in The World Of Their Own Making. Anthropologists call them "alloparents" — "allo" simply means "other."

Across the globe, cultures consider alloparents key to raising children, Lancy writes.

The Maya moms value and embrace alloparents. Their homes are porous structures and all sorts of "allomoms" flow in and out. When a woman has a baby, other moms work together to make sure she can take a break each day to take a shower and eat meals, without having to hold the baby. (How civilized is that!)

In one household with four kids that I visited, the aunt dropped off food, the grandma stopped by to help with a neighbor's baby and, all the while, the oldest daughter looked after the toddler — while the mom fed the livestock and started to make lunch. But in Western culture, over the past few centuries, we have pushed alloparents to the periphery of the parenting landscape, Gillis writes. They aren't as valued and sometimes even denigrated as a means for working moms to outsource parenting duties.

In the past few generations, fathers have stepped up and started helping with a big chunk of parenting duties. Since 1965, American dads have more than doubled the number of hours they spend each week on child care, PEW research found. But moms still carry most of the load. They spend, on average, 14 hours each week on child care while fathers spend about 7.

The result is something unique in human history: A mom stuck in a box, often alone, doing the job typically performed by a handful of people. As Gillis writes, "Never have mothers been so burdened by motherhood."

#maya #yucatan #mexico #mother's day #mother #motherhood #children #psychology #anthropology #sociology #parenting #babies #kids #family

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churchill01bland-blog · 5 years

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advancewars2 · 5 years

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Was tagged by @alkalinerock for a 50 questions thing. These take long as fuck on mobile so I likely went to bed after making this

1. What takes up too much of your time? Not doing health things or active hobbies like learning to draw or music

2. What makes your day better? Any of the above things getting done.

3. What is the best thing that happened to you today? Just hung out with a couple buds, watched anime and some DC movies

4. What fictional place would you like to go? Gonna be real, most fictional places don’t seem too fun when you think about them for more than a minute. Although I guess a village in like stardew valley or animal crossing would be chill even though I’m not huge into those games.

5. Are you good at giving advice? I want to think I am for how much I talk but I have never seen my advice followed or have someone say it worked. I would honestly prefer no one followed my advice.

6. Do you have a mental illness? Don’t know if adhd counts but I got it. I have been off meds for it for years now and can function good in school and work it’s just getting a handle on focusing my free time that is my latest challenge. I really want to get in better shape and manage proper hobbies but it so much easier to get caught in idle watching or scrolling.

7. Have you ever experienced sleep paralysis? Yes! No demons though

8. What musician inspires you the most? He’s not one of my favorites but I think Childish Gambino. I remember watching his sketches when I was in middle school and he was just on YouTube and then seeing him grow through every medium that I loved into a fully realized artist and actor.

9. Have you ever fallen in love? Negative

10. What’s your dream date? Something that’s just fun for me and the specific person I’m with. Like some people have museum energy, late talk energy, night on the town energy etc. depends

11. What do others notice about you? It may seem weird but a compliment I’ve gotten often is that I smell nice which is reassuring and worrying cause my smell is the thing I’m the most self conscious about. My sense of smell is abysmal, I’ve been in sports and band for most of my life, and I work in a meat room so I have a lot of chances to smell rank as hell.

12. What’s an annoying habit you have? When we kept bottled water around I chewed the plastic caps. I’ve always chewed ice but at least that melts.

13. Do you still talk to your first love? Where she at?

14. How many exes do you have? 0

15. How many songs are in your playlist? I don’t really have a single playlist. Just a bunch of albums but Spotify says like 2000 + songs which I’m sure isn’t accurate cause I remove stuff

16. What instruments can you play? Just trumpet and I don’t feel like I’ve applied myself enough in the time I’ve had it.

17. What do you have the most pictures of? My pets I think

18. Where would you like to go before you die? I don’t really know

19. What’s your zodiac? Virgo

20. Do you relate to it? I don’t think anyone can. They’re so broad in their definition and scope that I’ve read so many things about them that I say “yeah that’s me” until I realize “literally everyone would want to say this about themselves”. We are the most biased in our own favor when we least expect and the scary part is when we are trying to be unbiased we are cruel to ourselves.

21. What is happiness to you? A web of support

22. Are you going through anything right now? Just trying to graduate and general 20 something anxieties

23. What’s the worst decision you’ve ever made? The problem here is I am pretty far beyond a lot of my decisions that I would call bad that changing them now would alter a lot of good things about myself and my life. Regret is not a feeling that stays with me for long unless I hurt someone.

24. What’s your favorite store? Movie and record stores

25. What’s your opinion on abortion? Choice

26. Do you keep a bucket list? Not really

27. Do you have a favorite album? Madvillainy

28. What do you want for your birthday? My friends to come to the cookout I’m having and me being willing to cook for it

29. What are people’s first impressions of you? I don’t have a way of knowing this. Most people’s only first impressions of anyone are “this is just a person” or “I don’t like them”

30. What age do you seem according to most? Older than I am by like 2 years but I still get carded???

31. Where do you keep your phone while you’re sleeping? Floor

32. What word do you say the most? Not a clue

33. What’s the oldest age you would date? 30. I’ll say older ages but I don’t think anything meaningful would come from a gap that big

34. What’s the youngest you would date? My age or older.

35. What job or career would you say suits you the most? A thing that bothers me the most is that I’ve done a good job at most jobs I’ve had and would honestly just want something that’ll keep me busy during the day and focus me while also allowing me to live comfortably.

36. What’s your favorite music genre? I feel like I’ve barely scratched the surface of so many of them

37. If you could live in any country in the world, where would it be? Idk. Whole worlds kind of nutty and not knowing a native language scares me (fuck right off England I’m not going). I think I’m fine here.

38. What is your current favorite song? Jesus forgive me, I am a Thot by JPEGMAFIA

39. How long have you had this blog? Like 6 years

40. What are you excited for? To make progress toward getting career ready and really starting my adult life. Wanna try new stuff

41. Are you a better talker or listener? I try to listen but I always worry I’m stepping on peoples talking points or circling the convo back to me so I’ll say I’m a better talker.

42. What was the last productive thing you did? Put gas in my car

43. What do you want for Christmas? My bills paid and maybe a record or a nice hoodie

44. What class do you get the best grades in? After middle school I kind of just slipped into maintaining a steady pace of average in every subject.

45. On a scale of 1-10 how are you feeling rn? 8

46. What can you see yourself doing in 10 years? Maybe living in a new city. Definitely doing something in my field. Maybe I would’ve gotten bold enough to try and really break into entertainment.

47. When did you get your first heartbreak? Have not experienced that yet

48. What age do you want to get married? No clue. I really don’t like formalities and I would hope whoever I end up with feels the same.

49. What career did you want to have as a child? Marine biologist

50. What do you crave right now? Just organic conversation with friends. I’m going back to school soon and some are already moving away for grad school and life.

This was fun. Don’t wanna tag anyone cause this a long but you can say I tagged you and maybe I’ll read yours!

#tag game #long post #ssfs #mutuals

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gyrlversion · 5 years

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Democratic Debate 2019: Progressives take center stage in heated exchanges

Some 20 presidential primary contenders return to a pair of stages on Tuesday and Wednesday seeking a breakout moment at the second Democratic debates.

Interested in Democratic Party?

Add Democratic Party as an interest to stay up to date on the latest Democratic Party news, video, and analysis from ABC News.

For the lower-polling candidates in the field, Detroit likely will be their last chance to impress a national audience. Here is how the night unfolded.

10:40 p.m.: The debate has ended

The debate has ended with Warren and Sanders wrapping up.

Sen. Elizabeth Warren said, ” I will not only beat Donald Trump in 2020, I’ll start to make real change come 2021.”

Sen. Bernie Sanders said, “I’m running for president not just to defeat the most dangerous president in the history of the country. A racist and a sexist. And a homophobe. I’m running to transform this country and to stand with the working class of America.”

10:40 p.m.: The middle of the pack closes out the second debates with messages of hope

Former Texas Rep. Beto O’Rourke: “We are as divided in polarized as a country as we have ever been. Right now, we have a president who uses fear to try to drive us further apart. To meet this challenge, we have to have hope in one another and faith in a future of the country that includes everyone.”

10:33 p.m.: Closing statements get underway, zeroing in on Trump

Montana Gov. Steve Bullock, the first Democrat to deliver his closing remarks, said: “I’m running for president to beat Donald Trump. Win back the places we lost. And make sure that Americans know that where Washington left them behind in the economy and political system, I’ll be there.”

Author Marianne Williamson asserted: “Our problem is not just that we need to defeat Trump. We need a plan to solve institutionalized hatred and white nationalism. In order to do that we need more than intellectual argument. We need radical truth-telling. Not just to talk about health care but why we’re so sick all the time…The only way to fight — you can’t fight dog whistles. You have to override them with new voices.”

Former Maryland Rep. John Delaney said: “Donald Trump is the symptom of the disease. And the disease is divisiveness. I’m the only one on stage talking about cures that disease…We can do it with real solutions, not impossible promises.”

Rep. Tim Ryan said, “There’s not going to be a savior. Not going to be a super-star. That will fix all this. It’s going to be you and me. It’s going to be us. That’s how we fix this country. You and I coming together to do big things. To imagine the new country that we want by coming together. Not left or right. New and better.”

Former Colorado Governor John Hickenlooper said, ” I have done the things that most of the people on this stage are talking about. And I know I can get results. I can lead the people of this country towards a stronger, a healthier, and a more secure future. And defeat Donald Trump and return this country to its glory.”

Sen. Amy Klobuchar said, ” I will govern will integrity. We have a president where people turn off the TV when they see him. Not me. I will make you proud as your president.”

10:22 p.m. The youngest and oldest Democratic candidates address whether age matters when vying for the presidency

The youngest candidate in the race, Mayor Pete Buttigieg, standing next to the oldest candidate Sen. Bernie Sanders said, ” I don’t care how old you are. I care about your vision. I think it matters we have a new generation of leaders stepping up around the world.”

Justin Sullivan/Getty Images

Democratic presidential candidate South Bend, Indiana Mayor Pete Buttigieg (R) speaks while Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT) listens during the Democratic Presidential Debate, July 30, 2019, in Detroit.

Sanders added, “Pete is right. It’s a question of vision. Whether you are young or old or in between.”

10:20 p.m. ABC News political commentator Cokie Roberts: “how Democrats appeal to their own voters and still attract the majority in the general election”

After the first debate, Democrats learned that many of the ideas they championed weren’t popular with the majority of voters. So in tonight’s contest, the more moderate candidates tried to paint the front-runners on the stage–Sanders and Warren–as pie in the sky dreamers with their plans for free college and a completely revamped healthcare system. Both fought back with familiar arguments against big corporations and big money. It started to sound awfully tired by the end, though still popular with most Democrats. The problem not solved tonight: how Democrats appeal to their own voters and still attract the majority in the general election. No one managed to breakthrough. Now it’s Joe Biden’s turn to try to make the case for moderation with an entire stage full of candidates likely to try to keep him from succeeding.

10:20 p.m. Sen. Elizabeth Warren said that she will never use nuclear weapons first

“The United States is not going to use nuclear weapons preemptively,” Warren said. “We need to say so to the entire world. It reduces the likelihood someone miscalculates or misunderstands. Our first responsibility is to keep ourselves safe. And what’s happening right now with Donald Trump is they keep expanding the different ways we have nuclear weapons. The different ways they can be used puts us all at risk.”

10:19 p.m. Beto O’Rourke said he will not start new wars as president

“There’s no reason for us to be at war all over the world tonight,” O’Rourke said. “As president, I will end the wars and we will not start new wars. We’ll not send more members over seas to sacrifice lives and take the lives of others in our name. We can resolve the challenges peacefully,” O’Rourke said

10:18 p.m.: Former U.S. Navy intelligence officer Pete Buttigieg invokes his military experience when discussing Afghanistan

Around the world, we will do whatever it takes to keep America safe. I thought I was one of the last troops leaving Afghanistan,” the South Bend, Indiana mayor began. “Every time I see news about somebody being killed in Afghanistan I think about what it was like to hear an explosion and wonder whether it was somebody I knew or served with. Friend or roommate. Colleague. We’re close to the day when we will wake up to the news of a casualty in Afghanistan who was not born on 9/11.”

“I was sent into the war by a congressional authorization as well as a president. We need to talk not only about the need for a president committed to ending endless war. The fact that Congress has been asleep at the switch. And on my watch, I will propose that any authorization for the use of military force have a three-year sunset. And have to be renewed. If men and women in the military have the courage to serve, members of Congress have the courage to vote,” he said to applause from the debate crowd inside the Fox Theatre.

10:15 p.m. Candidates tackle the threat of North Korea

Rep. Tim Ryan said that Sen. Amy Klobuchar is wrong for saying she would be open to meeting with North Korean dictator Kim Jong-Un.

“I love Amy Klobuchar but she’s wrong on this one,” Ryan said. “I don’t think presidents of the United States meet with dictators.”

Klobuchar said that she thinks the two lawmakers agree, but that she believes you should always be open to the possibility to meet with “anyone at any place.”

“I do believe you meet with people but better have an agenda and put our interests of our country first,” Klobuchar said.

10:11 p.m.: Bernie Sanders talks his approach to foreign policy

When asked about voters hearing a similar message from him and President Trump on foreign policy, Sen. Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., responded, “Trump is a pathological liar. I tell the truth. We have been in a Afghanistan I think 18 years. In Iraq 16 or 17 years. We have spent $5 trillion on the wall. On terror. And probably more terrorists out there now than before it began. We’re going to spend the Congress passed I will not vote for, a $715 billion military budget more than the ten next countries combined. What we need is a foreign policy that focuses on diplomacy and ending conflicts by people sitting at a table.”

10:06 p.m. Student loan debt forgiveness gets its moment from 2020 candidates

“If we want to start wiping away student debt here’s where I start. I would start with the for-profit colleges that took advantage of people. Especially veterans,” Mayor Pete Buttigieg said.

Marianne Williamson defended her views that everyone, including children from wealthier families, should get free college education.

“I think all domestic and international policy should be based on the idea that anything we do to help people thrive is stimulation to our economy. That’s how you stimulate the economy. So if a few people take advantage of four or five people who were going to take the money they have in the bank, when you look at this $1.5 trillion college debt.”

She criticized, to loud applause, her opponents saying, “I wonder why you’re Democrats. You think there’s something wrong about using the instruments of government to help people. That is what government should do. It should all policies should help people thrive. That is how we’ll have peace and prosperity.”

10:04 p.m. John Delaney says he should pay higher taxes due to his wealth

“I think wealthy Americans have to pay more,” Delaney said. “I grew up in a blue-collar family. First in the family to go to college. A successful entrepreneur. Created thousands of jobs. Supported thousands of entrepreneurs around the country. And I have done well financially. I should pay more in tax. Wealthy Americans should pay more”

10:03 p.m.: Pete Buttigieg continues to reclaim the religious mantle from GOP

Mayor Pete Buttigieg, when responding to a question on General Motors plant closures in Michigan, said, “This is so much bigger than a trade fight. This is about a moment when the economy is changing before our eyes. There are people in the economy who go through more jobs in a week than my parents went through in the lifetime. It’s where I proposed we allow gig workers to unionize.”

He then invoked the Bible, when attacking Republicans on not passing a bill on the minimum wage: “The minimum wage is too low. So-called conservative Christian senators right now in the Senate are blocking a bill to raise the minimum wage. When scripture says whoever oppresses the poor taunts their maker.”

10:01 p.m. Gov. Steve Bullock takes aim at President Donald Trump’s tweets

“Every time the Trump tweets we lose hundreds of thousands of dollars. If Montana had to eat all the wheat we produce, they’d have to eat 40 loaves of bread a day,” Bullock said.

10:00 p.m.: John Delaney again goes after Elizabeth Warren, this time on trade

“This is what I don’t understand,” Former Maryland Congressman John Delaney said. “President Trump wants to build physical walls and beat up on immigrants. Most of the folks running for president want to build economic walls to free trade.”

But Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., responded, “For decades we have had a trade policy that has been written by giant multinational corporations to help giant multinational corporations.”

Brendan Smialowski/AFP/Getty Images

Democratic presidential hopeful former Rep. John Delaney participates in the first round of the second Democratic primary debate in Detroit, July 30, 2019.

After former Texas Congressman Beto O’Rourke weighed in, saying, “When have we ever gone to war including a trade war without allies and friends and partners as president we will hold China accountable and bring allies and friends like the European union to bare. And negotiate trade deals that favor farmers and American workers and protect human rights and the environment and labor. Not just here in the United States.”

Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., then came to Warren’s defense, adding, “Look I believe I’m the only member of Congress who not only voted against the disaster trade agreements with China, which cost over 4 million jobs, but also helped lead the effort against the agreements. Elizabeth is right. If anybody here thinks that corporate America gives one damn about the average American worker, you’re mistaken.”

Warren later chimed in, “Anyone who thinks the trade deals are about tariffs doesn’t understand what’s going

9:52 p.m. Rep. Tim Ryan sides with President Trump on trade

“I think President Trump was onto something when he talked about China,” Ryan said. “China has been abusing the economic system for a long time. They steal intellectual property. They subsidize goods. They eroded manufacturing. We transfer our wealth of the middle class either up to the top 1% or to China for them to build the military. So I think we need some targeted response against China. You out-compete them. That’s why I put a chief manufacturing officer in place to make sure we rebuild the manufacturing base.”

He said he would have to re-evaluate if he would continue Trump’s steel tariffs before attacking the president on the execution of his agenda, “He’s bungled the whole thing. Here’s the problem with President Trump. He has a tactical move what’s the grand strategy for the United States.”

9:47 p.m.: Marianne Williamson details her stance on reparations

After Texas Congressman Beto O’Rourke said he would sign into law Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee’s reparations bill, Marianne Williamson responded, “I appreciate what Congressman O’Rourke has said.”

But she added, “It’s not $500 billion in financial assistance. It’s $500 billion, 200 to $500 billion payment of a debt that is owed. That is what reparations is … We need to recognize when it comes to the economic gap between blacks and whites in America, it does come from a great injustice that has never been dealt with.”

Brendan Smialowski/AFP/Getty Images

Democratic presidential hopeful author and writer Marianne Williamson gestures as she speaks during the first round of the second Democratic primary debate in Detroit, July 30, 2019.

“This is part of the dark underbelly of American society, the rainfall, the bigotry, and the entire conversation that we’re having here tonight, if you think any of this wonkiness is going to deal with this dark psychic force of the collectivized hatred that this president is bringing up in this country, then I’m afraid that the Democrats are going to see some very dark days.”

Her response was met by loud applause.

9:45 p.m. Beto O’Rourke spotlights the legacy of slavery in the country

“I want to acknowledge something that we’re all touching on which is the very foundation of this country, the wealth that we have built, the way we became the greatest country on the face of the planet was literally on the backs of those who were kidnapped and brought here by force,” O’Rourke said. “The legacy of slavery and segregation and Jim Crow and suppression is alive and well in every aspect of the economy and country.”

9:44 p.m.: Amy Klobuchar takes on Trump’s economic agenda and his bigotry

The Minnesota Senator was asked about how she would appeal to Trump voters who prioritize the economy over his bigotry, to which she replied:

“There are people that voted for Donald Trump before that aren’t racist, they wanted a better shake in the economy and so I would appeal to them. But I don’t think anyone can justify what this president is doing,” before adding, “Little kids literally woke up this weekend, turned on the TV and saw their president calling their city the town of Baltimore nothing more than a home for rats. And I can tell you as your president, that will stop.”

9:43 p.m. Mayor Pete Buttigieg defends his record dealing with race in South Bend, Indiana

“As an urban mayor serving a diverse community, the racial divide lives within me,” Buttigieg said. “I’m not saying that I became mayor and racism or crime or poverty ended on my watch. But in our city, we have come together repeatedly to tackle challenges like the fact that far too many people were not getting the help they needed in their housing and so we directed it to a historically underinvested African-American neighborhood.”

9:40 p.m.: Elizabeth Warren calls Gilroy shooting ‘domestic terrorism’

When asked a question about the rise of white supremacy after the shooting in Gilroy, California, Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., said, “Call it out for what it is, domestic terrorism. We live in a country where the president is advancing environmental racism, criminal justice racism, economic racism, health care racism, the way we do better is to fight back and show something better.”

“I have a plan,” she added.

9:38 p.m. Race takes center-stage at the debate

Former Texas Congressman Beto O’Rourke made his case for why he is the best candidate to heal the racial divide in America.

“We’ll call his racism out for what it is, and also talk about its consequences. It doesn’t just offend our sensibilities to hear him say send her back about a member of Congress because she’s a woman of color, because she’s a Muslim American, doesn’t just offend our sensibilities when he calls Mexican immigrants, rapists or criminals and seeks to ban all Muslims from the shores of a country that is comprised of people from the world over, from every tradition of faith,” O’Rourke said.

Hickenlooper weighed in saying, “The core value behind this entire country’s history is working towards a more perfect union, that all people are created equal, and we have fallen far away from that.”

“In Colorado, when I was mayor, we got to universal pre-k for every kid in the urban city. We did major police reform, ten years before Ferguson, why is it now that five years after Ferguson, we don’t have anything. How did we get affordable housing, we created a scholarship fund for every kid. You have to deliver a vision like that for the whole country,” Hickenlooper added.

9:37 p.m.: Flint water crisis gets its moment at debate

Sen. Amy Klobuchar, D-Minn., the first candidate to field a question on infrastructure, immediately brought up the Flint water crisis, saying, “I was just in Flint, and they are still drinking bottled water in that town, and that is outrageous, and my plan, and I am the first one that came out with an infrastructure plan and I did that because this is a bread and butter issue for people that are caught in traffic jams.”

“I truly believe that if we’re going to move on infrastructure in climate change, you need a voice from the heartland,” she said.

9:33 p.m.: Bernie Sanders defends his progressive agenda on climate change

Under attack from moderate candidate, Ohio Congressman Tim Ryan and Montana Gov. Steve Bullock, Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders continues to focus his ire on Republicans and the fossil fuel industry.

“I get a little bit tired of Democrats afraid of big ideas,” Sanders began. “Republicans are not afraid of big ideas. They could give a trillion dollars in tax breaks to billionaires and profitable corporations.”

He later added, “On this issue, my friends, there is no choice, we have got to be super aggressive if we love our children and if we want to leave them a planet that is healthy and is habitable. So I don’t disagree with Tim. What that means is we got to a, take on the fossil fuel industry.”

He also said: “Ain’t nobody in the Congress is more strongly pro-worker than I am. So when I talk about taking on the fossil fuel industry, what I am also talking about is a just transition.”

9:27 p.m. Green New Deal under attack

After former U.S. Rep. John Delaney criticizes the progressive Green New Deal, former Governor John Hickenlooper also vocalizes his concern.

“I think the guarantee for a public job for everyone who wants one is a classic part of the problem. It’s a distraction. I share the urgency of everyone up here. We have to recognize, I mean, everyone’s got good ideas, what we do in this country is no matter than just a best practice. Right, it’s what we do here is a best practice and a template but it’s got to be done all over the world,” Hickenlooper said.

Sen. Elizabeth Warren comes to the defense of the Green New Deal saying, “Look, I put a real policy on the table to create 1.2 million new jobs in green manufacturing. There’s going to be a $23 trillion worldwide market for this. This could revitalize huge cities across this country, and no one wants to talk about it. What you want to do is find the Republican talking point of a made-up piece of some other part and say, oh, we don’t really have to do anything. That’s the problem we’ve got in Washington right now. It continues to be a Washington that works great for oil companies, just not for people worried about climate change.”

9:25 p.m. Climate change gets its moment in the debate

Former U.S. Rep. John Delaney takes the first question and tackles why he believes the Green New Deal is not realistic.

“First of all, because it ties its progress to other things that are completely unrelated to climate like universal health care, guaranteed government jobs and universal basic income. My plan gets us to net-zero by 2050 which we absolutely have to do for our kids and grandkids will get us there. I put a price on carbon, take all the money, give it back to the American people in a dividend. That was introduced on a bipartisan basis. It’s the only significant bipartisan climate bill in the congress,” Delaney said.

9:23 p.m.: Beto O’Rourke highlights his bipartisanship with President Trump

“I think a big part of leadership and showing our commitment to the American people is delivering on our commitments,” former Texas Congressman Beto O’Rourke began. “As a member of Congress, when I learned that the El Paso VA had the worst wait times for mental health care in the country, meaning that care delayed functionally became care denied and was related to the suicide epidemic, we made it our priority and we turned around.”

“We got it signed into law by the one person with whom I agree on almost nothing, Donald Trump,” he said.

9:21 p.m. Sen. Bernie Sanders tells voters his vision of how to beat President Donald Trump in 2020

“To win this election and to defeat Donald Trump, which by the way, in my view is not going to be easy, we need to have a campaign of energy and excitement and of vision. We need to bring millions of young people into the political process in a way that we have never seen by among other things, making public colleges and universities tuition-free and canceling student debt.”

9:18 p.m.: Elizabeth Warren takes on electability question

As questions surround the massive field of candidates about their ability to beat Donald Trump in a general election, Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., said, “I know how to fight and I know how to win. I took on giant banks and I beat them. I took on Wall Street, and CEOs, and their lobbyists and their lawyers and I beat them. I took on a popular Republican incumbent senator, and I beat him. I remember when people said Barack Obama couldn’t get elected. Shoot, I remember when people said Donald Trump couldn’t get elected. But here’s where we are.”

Brendan Smialowski/AFP/Getty Images

Democratic presidential hopeful Senator Elizabeth Warren speaks during the first round of the second Democratic primary debate in Detroit, July 30, 2019.

Former Maryland Congressman John Delaney responded, “I think Democrats win when we run on real solutions, not impossible promises.”

Warren, taking aim at Delaney, then quipped, “I don’t understand why anybody goes to all the trouble of running to the president of the United States to talk about what we really can’t do and shouldn’t fight for. I don’t get it.”

9: 16 p.m. Rep. Tim Ryan doesn’t put much weight on the current polls

After Sen. Bernie Sanders touted his lead in polls in battleground states, Ryan responded saying, “I would just say Hillary Clinton was winning in the polls, too. To take a snapshot in the polls today and apply it 16 months from now, whenever it is, I don’t think is accurate.”

9:15 p.m.: John Hickenlooper and Bernie Sanders throw their hands up in the air amid tense exchange

Former Colorado Gov. John Hickenlooper said of Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders, in the middle of the debate of their heated exchange, said, “I think if we’re going to force Americans to make these radical changes, they’re not going to go along. Throw your hands up, but you haven’t –”

Sanders replied, “I will,” as he threw his hands up.

“I can do it,” Hickenlooper said in response, also throwing his hands up in the air.

9:11 p.m John Hickenlooper calls out Sen. Bernie Sanders on health care as the fight morphs into moderates vs. progressives

“I’m saying the policies of this notion that you’re going to take private insurance away from 180 million American, who many of them don’t want to give it, many of them do want to get rid of it, but some don’t, many don’t. The Green New Deal makes sure that every American’s guaranteed a government job if they want, that is a disaster. You might as well FedEx the election to Donald Trump,” Hickenlooper said.

9:10 p.m.: ABC News’ Deputy Political Director MaryAlice Parks: Debate on health care winners? Trump, Bernie … Delaney?

CNN spent the first portion of the debate tonight focused on health care, specifically teeing up the disagreements between those who favor Medicare for All and those who are not.

Republicans likely loved it. The discussion revealed large, fundamental divides in both policy and messaging strategy among the Democrats. They spent time telling each other they were wrong and debating Sanders’ plan in tough-to-follow detail.

Brendan Smialowski/AFP/Getty Images

Democratic presidential hopefuls Sen. Bernie Sanders, Sen. Elizabeth Warren and former Rep. Beto O’Rourke participate in the first round of the second Democratic primary debate in Detroit, July 30, 2019.

Sanders’ benefited too — as again — they were all debating his plan. And frankly, Medicare for all is a cleaner bumper sticker than “Medicare for all – kinda-sorta-with tricky economics.”

At one point Sanders told Tapper his very question about taking away private insurance and raising taxes was a Republican taxing point. A strong moment for him.

Still, Warren repeatedly came to Sanders’ defense and while doubling-down on her support of his bill, she at times seemed better able to control the conversations than he did.

One more winner — former Congressman Jon Delaney, who, while disagreeing with Sanders, made smart points about doctor reimbursement and hospital closure. He looked like someone disagreeing with Sanders who actually understood health care policy.

9:09 p.m.: Democratic debate night 1: Fact-checking the candidates on the issues

Here’s ABC News’ fact check of the first of two Democratic presidential debates in Detroit between Marianne Williamson, Rep. Tim Ryan, Sen. Amy Klobuchar, Mayor Pete Buttigieg, Sen. Bernie Sanders, Sen. Elizabeth Warren, former Rep. Beto O’Rourke, former Gov. John Hickenlooper, former Rep. John Delaney and Gov. Steve Bullock. (Please refresh the page for updates.)

9:02 p.m.: Steve Bullock invokes a personal story on gun violence

In the middle of sharing his stance on gun violence, Montana Gov. Steve Bullock said, “I’m a gun owner, I hunt, like far too many people in America, I have been personally impacted by gun violence. I had an 11-year-old nephew, Jeremy, shot and killed on a playground.”

“We need to start looking at this as a public health issue, not a political issue. I agree with Senator Klobuchar. It is the NRA,” he added.

9:01 p.m. Gun debate highlights age gap between 2020 competitors

A 37-year-old Mayor Pete Buttigieg, spotlighted the age difference between him and 59-year-old Sen. Amy Klobuchar when he responded, “This is the exact same conversation we have been having when I was in high school. I was a junior when the Columbine shooting happened. I am the first generation to see school shootings. We have produced a second generation. We dare not allow there to be a third. Something is broken.”

8:59 p.m. Sen. Amy Klobuchar, D-Minn., takes on the National Rifle Association while taking a jab at President Donald Trump

“This isn’t just about a system or it’s not just about words. This is about the NRA,” Klobuchar said. ” I sat across from the president of the United States after Parkland because I have been a leader on these issues and have the will to close the boyfriend loophole, and I watched and wrote down when nine times he said he wanted universal background checks. The next day he goes and he meets with the NRA and he folds. As your president, I will not fold”

8:59 p.m.: Former Colorado Gov. John Hickenlooper touts his tenure as chief executive on gun violence

“When I went to the movie theater in Aurora in 2012 and saw that footage of what happened at that crime scene, I’ll never forget it, and we decided, you know, that we were going to go out and take on the NRA, and we passed in a purple state, we passed universal background checks,” he said of his experience with tackling the issue of gun violence in the country.

8:56 p.m. Dems switch to gun violence

Mayor Pete Buttigieg takes the first question on how to end the epidemic of gun violence.

“What we’re doing hasn’t worked because we haven’t had a system in Washington capable of delivering what the American people have told us they want. 90% of Republicans want universal background checks, not to mention the common-sense solutions like red flag laws that disarm domestic abusers and flag mental health risks and an end to assault weapons, things like what I carried overseas in uniform that have no business in American neighborhood in peacetime, let alone anywhere near a school,” Buttigieg said.

8:54 p.m.: Steve Bullock offers a middle-ground approach to immigration, spars with Elizabeth Warren

Montana Gov. Steve Bullock, the red-state Democrat, attempted to present a different perspective on stage, saying, ” I think this is part of the discussion that shows how often these debates are detached from people’s lives. We got a hundred thousand people showing up at the border right now. If we decriminalize entry, if we give health care to everyone, we’ll have multiples of that. Don’t take my word. That was President Obama’s homeland security secretary that said that.”

After calling Sen. Elizabeth Warren’s plan on immigration “unrealistic,” Bullock added, “You are playing into Donald Trump’s hands. The challenge isn’t that it’s a criminal of to cross the border. The challenge is that Donald Trump is president and using this to rip families apart.”

8:51 p.m.: Moderate Amy Klobuchar weighs in on immigration

Sen. Amy Klobuchar, D-Minn., opined on the current debate on immigration, particularly illegal border crossings, telling the audience in Detroit, “I would say there is a will to change this in Congress. What’s missing is the right person in the White House.

“I believe that immigrants don’t diminish America, they are America and if you want to do something about border security, you, first of all, change the rules so then you pass the bill, and what the bill will do is it will greatly reduce the deficit and give us some money for border security,” she added.

8:50 p.m. Sen. Elizabeth Warren and John Hickenlooper spar on decriminalizing illegal border crossings

“The point is not about criminalization. That has given Donald Trump the tool to break families apart,” Warren said.

“The frustration with what’s going on in Washington is they are kicking the ball back and forth. Secure the borders and make sure whatever law we have doesn’t allow children to be snatched from parents and put in cages. How hard can that be? On two debate nights, we have 170 years of Washington experience. Somehow it seems like that should be fairly fixable,” Hickenlooper responded.

“Well, and one way to fix it is to decriminalize. That’s the whole point,” Warren said.

8:48 p.m.: Beto O’Rourke defends his stance on decriminalizing border corssings

Former Texas Congressman Beto O’Rourke shared his view on decriminalizing illegal border crossings, saying, “In my administration, after we have waived citizenship fees for green card holders, more than 9 million of our fellow Americans, free Dreamers who many fear of deportation and stop criminally prosecuting families and children for seeking asylum and refuge and for-profit detention and so that no family has to make that 2,000 mile journey, then I expect that people who come here follow our laws and we reserve the right to criminally prosecute them.”

8:47 p.m. Dems turn to immigration

Mayor Pete Buttigieg tackles his proposal to decriminalize the border.

“If fraud is involved, that’s suitable for the criminal statute. If not, it should be handled under civil law,” Buttigieg said.

8:44 p.m.: 2019 Bernie Sanders sounds like 2016 Bernie Sanders

Hearkening back to when he said in a 2016 debate against Hillary Clinton, “The American people are sick and tired about hearing about your damn emails,” Sen. Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., said Tuesday night about his ‘Medicare for all’ bill, “I wrote the damn bill.”

Justin Sullivan/Getty Images

Democratic presidential candidates Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT) (C) speaks while Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) and South Bend, Indiana Mayor Pete Buttigieg (L) listen at the beginning of the Democratic Presidential Debate, July 30, 2019, in Detroit.

8:43 p.m. Tim Ryan makes appeal to union workers on healthcare while attacking Sens. Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders

“Here we are in Detroit, home of the auto workers and have union friends here tonight. This plan being offered by Senator Warren and Sanders will tell the union members that give away wages in order to get good health care that they will lose their health care because Washington is going to come in and tell them they have a better plan,” Ryan said.

8:39 p.m. John Delaney says other 2020 candidates don’t understand the health care system

“‘I’m the only one on the stage with experience in the health care business and with all due respect, I don’t think my colleagues understand the business,” Delaney said. “The public option is great but doesn’t go far enough. It doesn’t go far enough. I’m proposing universal health care where everyone gets health care as a basic human right for free, but they have choices.”

8:37 p.m.: Bernie Sanders goes after moderator Jake Tapper

Amid a response on the debate over healthcare, Sen. Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., took aim at CNN moderator, Jake Tapper and then the network as a whole for the ads running during the debate’s commercial breaks.

“What I am talking about and others up here are talking about is no deductibles and no co-payments and Jake, your question is a Republican talking point. At the end of the day and by the way, and by the way, by the way, the health care industry will be advertising tonight on this program,” he said.

8:33 p.m.: Pete Buttigieg, Beto O’Rourke dive into their positions on healthcare

“We don’t have to stand up here speculating about whether the public option will be better or Medicare For All environment will be better than corporate options. We’ll put it to the test,” Mayor Pete Buttigieg said.

“I think you can buy into it. That’s the idea of Medicare For All that want to,” Buttigieg added.

But former Congressman Beto O’Rourke said, “The middle class will not pay more in taxes to ensure that every American is guaranteed world-class health care. I think we’re being offered a false choice. Some who want to improve the Affordable Care Act at the margins, others who want a Medicare For All program that will force people off of private insurance, I have a better path: Medicare for America.”

8:31 p.m. Gov. Steve Bullock answers for why he doesn’t support Medicare-for-All

“At the end of the day I won’t support any plan that rips away quality health care from individuals,” Bullock said. “This is an example of wishlist economics. It used to be Republicans that wanted to repeal and replace, now many Democrats do, as well. We can get there with the public option, negotiating drug prices.”

8:29 p.m.: Elizabeth Warren comes to Bernie Sanders’ defense

Amid the first contentious moment between Sen. Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., and former Congressman John Delaney, D-Md., Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., stood by her progressive ally, defending him from the attack.

“We are the Democrats. We are not about trying to take away health care from anyone. That’s what the Republicans are trying to do,” she said in response to Delaney. “We should stop using Republican talking points in order to talk with each other about how to best provide that health care.”

8:27 p.m. John Delaney creates the first spar of the night with Bernie Sanders on health care

“I’m right about this,” Delaney said. “We can create a universal health care system to give everyone basic health care for free, and I have a proposal to do it, but we don’t have to go around and be the party of subtraction and telling half the country with private health insurance their health insurance is illegal.”

“The fact of the matter is, tens of millions of people lose their health insurance every single year when they change jobs or their employer changes that insurance,” Sanders added. “If you want stability in the health care system, if you want a system which gives you freedom of choice with regard to doctor or hospital, which is a system which will not bankrupt you, the answer is to get rid of the profits of the drug companies.”

8: 25 p.m. Sen. Bernie Sanders tackles the first question of the night on health care

“Right now we have a dysfunctional health care system,” Sanders said. “87 million uninsured or underinsured, 500,000 Americans every year going bankrupt because of medical bills. 30,000 people dying while the health care industry makes tens of billions of dollars in profit.”

8:23 p.m. More Democrats make their case

Minnesota Sen. Amy Klobuchar: “Let’s get real … I have bold ideas, but they are grounded in reality. And yes, I will make some simple promises. I can win this, I’m from the midwest and I’ve won every race, every place, every time and I will govern with integrity.”

Former Texas Beto O’Rourke: “I’m running for president because I believe that America discovers it’s greatness at its moments of greatest need.”

8:19 p.m. Democrats make their case to voters in their opening statements

Author and spiritual teacher Marianne Williamson: “We the American people must rise up and do what we do best and create a new possibility, say no to what we don’t want and yes to what we know can be true.”

Former U.S. Rep. John Delaney: “Folks, we have a choice. We can go down the road that senator Sanders and senator Warren want to take us with bad policies like medicare for all, free everything, and impossible promises that will turn off independent voters and get trump reelected.”

Rep. Tim Ryan, D-Ohio: “The political system is broken, too, because the entire conversation is about left or right, where are you at on the political system and I’m here to say this isn’t about left or right. This is about new and better and it’s not about reforming old systems. It’s about building new systems and tonight, I will offer solutions that are bold, that are realistic, and that are a clean break from the past.”

Former Colorado GovJohn Hickenlooper: “Last year Democrats flipped 40 Republican seats in the house and not one of those 40 Democrats supported the policies of our front runners at center stage … we focused on was making sure we got people together to get things done.”

8:14 p.m. Steve Bullock gives the first opening statement of the night highlighting his ability to work with Republicans across the aisle

“Look, I’m a pro-choice, pro-union, Democrat that won three elections in a red state, not by compromising our values but by getting stuff done,” Bullock said. “That’s how we win back the places we lost.”

8:04 p.m.: The first 10 candidates step onto the stage

Tuesday night’s lineup from left to right on stage includes:

Marianne Williamson

Ohio Rep. Tim Ryan

Minnesota Sen. Amy Klobuchar

South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg

Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders

Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren

Former Texas Rep. Beto O’Rourke

Former Colorado Gov. John Hickenlooper

Former Maryland Rep. John Delaney

Montana Gov. Steve Bullock

Scott Olson/Getty Images

Democratic presidential candidates take the stage at the beginning of the Democratic Presidential Debate at the Fox Theatre, July 30, 2019, in Detroit.

8 p.m.: The debate is underway

Night one of the second Democratic debates is getting underway.

7:47 p.m.: Moments from taking the stage, Bullock wins lawsuit against the Trump administration

Just as 2020 candidate and Montana Gov. Steve Bullock was getting ready to take the stage for his first debate, his team delivered news about a victory back home: the governor just won a year-long lawsuit against the Trump administration.

Bullock, whose presidential message centers on removing dark money from politics, sued the Internal Revenue Service a year ago over a rule President Donald Trump’s administration overturned, which had previously required politically-active nonprofit groups to disclose to the IRS names of donors.

In Federal Court in Montana, Judge Brian Morris ruled on Tuesday evening that the rule would be reinstated.

According to the docket, the court “holds unlawful” the rule as adopted by the IRS and said the agency “must follow the proper notice-and-comment procedures pursuant to the APA it if seeks to adopt a similar rule.”

According to the previous law, donors who gave $5,000 or more in their tax returns would be disclosed to the IRS, although the IRS would redact the donor names when making those documents public. Such groups are commonly called “dark money” groups because they don’t disclose their donors publicly unlike other politically active groups that disclose their donors to the FEC such as super PACs.

Bullock, who did not qualify for the first Democratic debate in June, will make his debut Tuesday night at the second Democratic debate in Detroit.

ABC News’ Cheyenne Haslett reports from Detroit

7:44 p.m.: The Democratic debates night one: Fast facts

There will be over 136 years of political experience showcased the debate stage tonight.

3 United States Senators: Sens. Bernie Sanders, Elizabeth Warren, and Amy Klobuchar 3 United States Representatives: Current Rep. Tim Ryan, and former Reps. Beto O’Rourke and John Delaney 2 Governors: Current Gov. Steve Bullock and former Gov. John Hickenlooper 1 Mayor: Pete Buttigieg 1 Author: Marianne Williamson

Debate stage podium positions (left-right): Williamson, Ryan, Klobuchar, Buttigieg, Sanders, Warren, O’Rourke, Hickenlooper, Delaney, Bullock

What’s different about the group? Tuesday will be Gov. Bullock’s first time on a debate stage for the 2020 election.

Oldest candidate – Sanders (77 years old) Youngest candidate – Buttigieg (37 years old)

Most political experience – Sanders Least political experience – Williamson

ABC News’ Kelsey Walsh reports from New York City, New York

7:19 p.m.: John Delaney plans to throw punches Tuesday night

Former Maryland Rep. John Delaney will take a shot at making a name for himself on stage tonight by hitting Sens. Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren, candidates he thinks are running on “impossible promises.”

“I plan on drawing sharp contrasts,” Delaney said in a sit down at his hotel today. “As I like to say, they are running on what I like to call, ‘impossible promises.’ And I’m running on real solutions to the issues that matter to the American people. And so that’s a really important contrast to make and that’s what I’m gonna do tonight.” 162442

Top of the list, Delaney said, is Sen. Bernie Sanders, I-Vt.

“Because everything is either for free, or he reimagines the healthcare industry in a way that is just based on kind of fairy tale economics,” he said.

In a statement his campaign put out less than hour before the debate is set to begin, Delaney’s national press secretary, Michael Starr Hopkins, said in a statement, “Sanders isn’t even a Democrat and we shouldn’t let lead our party down a path that will mean we lose to Donald Trump.”

Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., is also up there.

“In many ways, she’s outsourced her healthcare plan to Sen. Sanders. So I think you know she is basically pursuing the same playbook,” he said.

-ABC News’ Cheyenne Haslett reports from Detroit, Michigan

5:45 p.m.: Steve Bullock shares a moment with his son hours before debate

Montana Gov. Steve Bullock, who will be making his debut on a debate stage Tuesday after missing the cut for the first Democratic debates, tweeted a photo of him and his son, Cam, inside the debate hall.

Every candidate does a walk-through of the debate hall, even previewing their podium placement, hours before the debate kicks off.

In the photo, Bullock is standing on the stage with his son and said he’s “so grateful” to have him in the audience.

5:07 p.m. John Hickenlooper says he’s ‘not going to go after’ Warren

Former Colorado Gov. John Hickenlooper, a candidate who needs a stand-out moment tonight to emerge from the lower-polling group of candidates, joined CNN to preview his debate strategy and talk the road ahead for his campaign.

After tweeting Monday that he plans to “go after” Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., Tuesday night, Hickenlooper said: “I’m not going to go after her. But I do think that this notion that we can have massive government expansions is a sure-fire way to hand the election to Donald Trump. To re-elect who I would argue is one of the worst presidents we’ve ever had.”

Despite his criticism of Warren and Sen. Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., Hickenlooper said “oh sure,” when asked if he would support either candidate if they win the Democratic nomination, but that both would have a hard time winning Midwestern states like Michigan.

“I think they have a much harder time to beat Donald Trump in states like Michigan where we are. This is a state that cares about jobs and they’re not for giant government programs. They’re a much more conservative state than California and New York,” he said.

-ABC News’ John Verhovek reports from Washington, DC

Lucas Jackson/Reuters

Crews prepare the stage for the second Democratic 2020 presidential candidates debate in Detroit, Mich., July 30, 2019.

4:34 p.m.: Mayor Pete says he “looking forward” to the debate

After Mayor Pete Buttigieg of South Bend, Indiana, left his walkthrough of the debate stage, he went over to St. John’s Episcopal Church near the Fox Theatre.

ABC News caught up with the small-town mayor, asking how he was feeling about the night.

He replied, “I’m looking forward to it.”

-ABC News’ Justin Gomez reports from Detroit, Michigan

3:43 p.m.: The Trump campaign and RNC run counterprogramming ahead of second Democratic debates

Hours ahead of the debate, the Trump campaign is out with a fresh tv ad using footage from the last debate highlighting the Democratic candidates who indicated they would provide health care benefits to undocumented immigrants.

The campaign also ran a full-page, color newspaper ad in the Detroit Free Press and Detroit News today criticizing the Democrats plans for healthcare.

The RNC is holding events in Detroit around the debates, including a roundtable on Tuesday with local business leaders promoting the USMCA Trade Deal hosted by RNC Chairwoman Ronna McDaniel.

Both the RNC and the Trump campaign’s rapid response “war rooms” will be working both nights to clip moments from the debates to send to their massive emails lists and share across their social media accounts.

In terms of what the campaign is looking for during this week’s debates, communications director Tim Murtaugh tells ABC News he expects the 2020 field to continue to run further to the left and embrace the four progress congresswomen of color who President Trump . and the campaign have been targeting over the last few weeks.

“They’ll be scrambling to see who can advocate the most big-government socialist programs,” Murtaugh said. “I’m sure everything they talk about on the stage will be Squad approved.”

-ABC News’ Rachel Scott and Will Steakin reports from Detroit, Michigan

The Trump campaign has deployed a number of staffers to Detroit, including national press secretary Kayleigh MceNany, comms director Tim Murtaugh and Director of Strategic Communications Marc Lotter, who plan to each flood the airways with the campaign’s reaction to the debates. RNC chairwoman Ronna McDaniel will also be on the ground.

Graphic shows Democratic presidential candidates chosen to participate in second debate’s first night.

2:33 p.m.: Bernie Sanders campaign manager shares his debate strategy

When Sen. Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., first learned about the debate lineups during CNN’s random live drawing, his campaign manager, Faiz Shakir, described his reaction in an interview with ABC News Tuesday: “Well I have an ally on many of the fights that I’ve been waging forever” of Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass.

The campaign feels he should “focus our fire and our differences on places where she and I have been allies together and fighting certain fights,” Shakir added.

With Sanders sharing center stage with Warren, Shakir detailed the senator’s strategy for Tuesday’s debate, saying, “Right now the strategy isn’t to draw a contrast with everybody in the field, it’s for him to make his case about why he’s unique… So he’ll make the case for himself without denigrating others. Quite frankly, you know this, we have five or six more debates to go before Iowans even vote. There will be plenty of time to draw the contrast. The debate stage will likely narrow down. Tonight isn’t going to be the night where he feels like he needs to draw a contrast with Elizabeth Warren.”

But prior to taking the stage, Warren rolled a new slate of endorsements, announcing she nabbed one of Sanders’ 2016 backers: Rep. Raul Grijalva, D-N.M., a leading progressive on Capitol Hill who was one of a handful of lawmakers to publicly endorse Sanders over Hillary Clinton in 2016.

-ABC News’ Adam Kelsey reports from Detroit, Michigan, and Benjamin Siegel from Washington, D.C.

4 a.m.: What to expect from night one of the second Democratic debates

The consecutive debates, airing on CNN at 8 p.m. ET on Tuesday and Wednesday, are expected to be more contentious, picking up where the first debates in Miami left off: when former Vice President Joe Biden was relegated to playing defense after a game-changing moment for Sen. Kamala Harris, D-Calif., and other lesser-known candidates saw spikes in fundraising and polling following a much-needed breakout performance.

For the last few weeks, campaign aides and surrogates have been sparring over policy in back-and-forth statements, cable TV appearances, and on social media, but now the candidates will have the chance to speak for themselves on their differences and present their visions for the country.

Justin Sullivan/Getty Images

PHOTO:Democratic presidential hopeful Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) speaks during the AARP and The Des Moines Register Iowa Presidential Candidate Forum, July 19, 2019, in Sioux City, Iowa.

The first 10 candidates who are set to square off on Tuesday are:

Marianne Williamson

Ohio Rep. Tim Ryan

Minnesota Sen. Amy Klobuchar

South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg

Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders

Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren

Former Texas Rep. Beto O’Rourke

Former Colorado Gov. John Hickenlooper

Former Maryland Rep. John Delaney

Montana Gov. Steve Bullock

But beyond the two sets of polling front-runners potentially squaring off each night –Sanders and Warren sharing center stage on night one and Biden and Harris on night two — a parade of moderates will have the opportunity to take on the progressive stalwarts and some occupying the lower fundraising tiers will have the chance to directly confront Biden, even as he prepares for attacks from all sides.

“As the clear front-runner, the attacks will once again be directed Joe Biden’s way,” a senior Biden campaign official told ABC News.

A day prior to the first night of debate, a new Quinnipiac University poll, released Monday, put Biden comfortably back on top of the Democratic field, with 34% support and significant distance between him and the next polling tier of Warren (15%), Harris (12%) and Sanders (11%).

On the first night, with the two liberals flanked by more moderate candidates, such as Bullock, Delaney, Hickenlooper, Klobuchar and Ryan, the ideological divide within the Democratic Party will be front and center.

Sanders and Warren might potentially spend more time teaming up to champion their transformative progressive agendas and similar vision for economic equality against criticism from the middle-of-the-road candidates, who might compete for minutes to take aim at “Medicare for All” and free public college.

And for Buttigieg — who will stand shoulder-to-shoulder with Sanders, putting their age difference in the spotlight — the debate will allow him a chance to restore the rising prominence he saw in the early months of the primary after several recent polls show stalling numbers among the middle of the pack.

As he prepares for the debate, a senior Buttigieg campaign official told ABC News, he expects to “put himself more out there” as he is “feeling more confident.”

Damian Dovarganes/AP

Democratic presidential candidate and South Bend, Ind., Mayor Pete Buttigieg tours Vetcor90, the workspace created by late Nipsey Hussle, in Los Angeles, July 25, 2019.

But for most of the candidates on stage, the stakes for this two-night showdown are much higher after the Democratic National Committee announced more stringent qualifying rules for the September and October debates: candidates will need 2% in four qualifying polls and cross the 130,000 donor mark to qualify.

Only seven candidates have qualified for the September debate, according to an ABC News analysis, including Biden, Sen. Cory Booker, D-N.J., Buttigieg, Harris, O’Rourke, Sanders and Warren. The rest of the field has only a month to go before the deadline.

This year’s third Democratic primary debate will be hosted by ABC News in partnership with Univision and is scheduled for Sept. 12 and 13 at Texas Southern University, a public historically black university in Houston.

This week’s debates in Michigan, the site of the heart of former Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton’s loss in the Midwest after then-candidate Trump carried the state by 0.3 percentage points, also come a week after former special counsel Robert Mueller’s nearly seven-hour testimony on Capitol Hill, when he raised the specter of Russian meddling in the 2020 election, after testifying that 2016 “wasn’t a single attempt … they expect to do it during the next campaign.”

In a new ABC News/Ipsos poll, 54% of Americans said that they are not confident in the capability of the U.S. to effectively defend itself from potential foreign government interference in the 2020 presidential election. Only 17% said they were very confident and 27% were somewhat confident.

Scott Eisen/Getty Images

PHOTO:Democratic presidential candidate, Sen. Bernie Sanders (D-VT) talks about the cost of insulin in the USA versus Canada as he joins a group of people with diabetes on a trip to Canada for affordable Insulin, July 28, 2019, in Windsor, Canada.

But with concerns of foreign interference looming over the field, squabbles continue over the direction of the party. On Monday, the candidates engaged in an early preview of a debate over health care, after Harris released her Medicare for All plan, an offshoot of the Sanders’ bill he introduced and she co-signed, which includes a loophole to allow private insurers to offer Medicare plans during a 10 year period.

Both Biden and Sanders’ campaigns immediately railed against her new proposal.

“This new, have-it-every-which-way approach pushes the extremely challenging implementation of the Medicare for All part of this plan ten years into the future, meaning it would not occur on the watch of even a two-term administration. The result? A Bernie Sanders-lite Medicare for All and a refusal to be straight with the American middle class, who would have a large tax increase forced on them with this plan,” said Kate Bedingfield, deputy campaign manager for Biden.

Sanders’ campaign manager Faiz Shakir, unleashed a sharp attack on Harris, saying in a statement, “Call it anything you want, but you can’t call this plan ‘Medicare for All.'”

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