#Different Varieties of the English Language (US | Explore Tumblr Posts and Blogs

katierosefun · 10 months

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Howdyy I hope you're having a sparkling June day~~~! Neptune, 6H and 9H 😌

thanks for the ask, iva!! // from these asks

neptune ⇢ are you a rational or intuitive person?

i think it really depends on the situation, which is perhaps the most frustrating answer someone can give, but--there are certain instances where i think i'm rather rational, but i think there are a lot of other things where i tend to be a lot more intuitive, kind of go with my gut instead of go with my head.

6H ⇢ do you consider yourself a workaholic?

.. .. . .. okay, so i personally think i'm not a real workaholic. at least, on the bell curve of workaholics out there, i think i'm probably very lax. i like spending time and making time for the people i care about.

that said though, i have also been guilty of just kind. of. tunnel-visioning on certain projects or school things to the point where i kind of forget how to be a person. so that's definitely something i need to work on!

9H ⇢ what languages would you like to learn?

i would really love to be fluent in korean again, just because that's the language my mom's most comfortable speaking in. i also would like to dust off my mandarin chinese too, just because like. so many people speak it.

i also would love to dust off my latin, because i really do love latin, and also maybe i think it would really top off my whole "quiet but mildly crazed writer" vibe. i also just. even though latin's a dead language, i did have the privilege of studying under a very accomplished latin scholar, and i could listen to them for hours just reading latin aloud. i understand why people think it's the langauge best meant to summon demons and the dead.

i'd also just like to learn spanish, because so many people speak it--i think it is, if not already, the most commonly spoken language in my country, so like. i might as well? and unrelated, i'd also like to learn icelandic, just because when i was younger, i watched a video of a guy learn icelandic and he explained how it felt a bit like breathing, and i've been fascinated by the language ever since.

#answered #IN SHORT: i'd love to learn a lot of different languages #a variety of languages that are personal to me and also useful and also just like 'why would you know that language'#my maternal grandma. actually does know four languages #korean and japanese and mandarin chinese and english #which i'm always in awe of. she's a true renaissance lady for real

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aiteanngaelach · 6 months

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so so silly when ads try to use local slang 😬 and by local i mean very niche local. or when political parties and politicians from elsewhere in the country try using our slang because they never use it right

#WISH i could give examples but id dox myself. however i just saw the most atrocious ad in the paper trying to use local slang and just 😬#thats not what that means...#idk if its slang or dialect i mean its mostly local hiberno english words and phrases. what even is the difference between slang and dialec #'Dialect refers to a regional or social variety of a language that has its own vocabulary grammar and pronunciation.#It is used by a specific group of people and often reflects their culture and identity. Slang on the other hand #is a type of language that is informal and highly colloquial.' thank you google. guess i meant dialect.

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luxlightly · 10 months

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"Saying 'chai tea' is silly! You wouldn't say 'tea tea'!"

Except that yes we absolutely would and do, frequently, use words that mean the same thing to specify a specific variety of that thing. It doesn't even have to be two different words. A "fancy party' and a "fancy fancy party" are two different things. This is a common thing in English and, so far as I'm aware, many other languages as well.

(I believe there is a specific term for this ligual quirk but I do not remember it and can't find the big post I saw one time explaining it.)

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fairyhaos · 7 months

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How To Fucking Write: a guide by fairyhaos

[masterlist]

this post details:

DIALOGUING INTERESTINGLY

hi gays and gals! the first post on starting and pacing a story did really well, so "how to fucking write" is back, with yet more advice and tips for everyone ^^ please feel free to let me know if there's something you want me talk about, because i'll be more than willing to see if i can help. also a reminder that i have a taglist for this series as well, and please reblog if you find this helpful :)

# - HOW TO DIALOGUE.

.. bullet point one : grammar

okay guys, as a native english speaker, i'll be the first to tell you that this language fucking sucks in terms of its grammar, but when it comes to dialogue, understanding how it works even to some extent will help you branch out and vary the way you write dialogue, which makes it so much more interesting.

with dialogue tags (said, asked, etc) if the punctuation mark in the dialogue is not a ! or ? then it should be a comma.

example : [junhui + castle]

as you can see in the first line, a comma is used rather than a full stop, because the sentence hasn't been finished yet. there's a dialogue tag, ('you correct'), that comes after it. and since the pronoun 'you' isn't a proper noun (i.e. a name) then it shouldn't be capitalised, because, again, the sentence hasn't been finished.

with action tags however, (he smiled, he stood up, etc) then it should be a full stop.

example : [i just made one up bc i don't use this a lot lmao]

"I disagree." He stood up, and walked over to close the door. "This isn't safe. You shouldn't go alone."

and now, since there is a full stop, it indicates that the speech is a sentence all by itself. that means the next word ('He') ought to be capitalised.

but the key part when grammar-ing dialogue in order to make it interesting depends on where you put the action and grammar tags.

if you constantly have lines that are just:

"dialogue," he said.

"dialogue," she said.

"dialogue but a bit longer," he said.

... then it can get repetitive, and annoying. by varying your dialogue structure, it can create more interesting dialogue.

example : [minghao + password]

there's a variety of dialogue and action tags being used with each line of dialogue, preventing everything from sounding too repetitive.

the first line starts with a normal sentence, and an action tag. the second is a standalone line of dialogue with no tags. the second has the action tag in the middle of the dialogue. and the last has a dialogue tag in the middle of the dialogue.

by varying the ways in which you write your dialogue, it makes everything a lot more interesting.

.. bullet point two : verbs and adverbs

the easiest way to make dialogue interesting, though, is to use fancy words.

this can be by replacing 'said' with a range of other dialogue tags (see this really comprehensive list for a whole variety of different words), but i'd advise against overusing these. 'said' is your friend! it's the invisible dialogue tag, helps your reader read through your dialogue in comfort, but of course, if you wanna add a nuanced way of describing the dialogue, then replacing 'said' is the easiest way to make your dialogue interesting.

but don't overuse these. for me, i'd focus on action tags and adverbs.

use interesting adverbs that add description to how a character is saying something can go miles. and using action tags that break through what could have been a long section of characters just talking? it helps so much.

i'd recommend having onelook thesaurus open as you write. you don't have to type in just words: phrases, the overall vibes of the word you're thinking of, all of that can be typed into the thesaurus and they'll provide you with pretty good results each time.

it also really helps when you've forgotten a word and can only remember vague bits of what the word should feel like.

.. bullet point three : voices

the best way, however, is ultimately to create a character. write a personality for them, bring them to life, think about the way in which they would talk and then put that down onto paper.

it's difficult, perhaps the most difficult to do, because it's also so tricky to advise someone on how to do this. it's all about the character you want to create, the personality you envision for them, and the only person who can fully write that is you.

however, i would find a few 'ticks' of theirs and use them as indicators in your writing.

for example, in my seoksoo long fic, seokmin's tick is that he always "chirps" what he's saying. and beams. a lot. this identifies his character, makes him unique(ish), and establishes his personality and differs him to the other characters.

but ultimately, it comes down to word choices, when you're writing a character voice.

like, your character describing something with elegant, floral language vs them going "this is so pretty". or perhaps making them stumble over their words when they're panicked vs them simply just going silent when they're flustered.

it's about being specific. about making choices with your words that would have english teachers analyse and unpick your writing, hundreds of years later.

(even if it's fanfic. especially if it's fanfic: because who knows how many fans may join your fandom in the next few years?)

... and that's it ! if anyone has anything else they want advice on (how to structure, how to write dialogue, how to plan etc) then just shoot me an ask, because i'd love to help however i can :)

tagging (comment/send ask to be added!): @selenicives @stqrrgirle @weird-bookworm @eternalgyu @blue-jisungs (tough luck guys btw but youre gonna be tagged in this entire series ehehehe)

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salvadorbonaparte · 11 months

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Since my big Languages and Linguistics MEGA folder post is approaching 200k notes (wow) I am celebrating with some highlights from my collection:

Africa: over 90 languages so far. The Swahili and Amharic resources are pretty decent so far and I'm constantly on the lookout for more languages and more resources.

The Americas: over 100 languages of North America and over 80 languages of Central and South America and the Caribbean. Check out the different varieties for Quechua and my Navajo followers are invited to check out the selection of Navajo books, some of which are apparently rare to come by in print.

Ancient and Medieval Languages: "only" 18 languages so far but I'm pretty pleased with the selection of Latin and Old/Middle English books.

Asia: over 130 languages and I want to highlight the diversity of 16 Arabic dialects covered.

Australia: over 40 languages so far.

Constructed Languages: over a dozen languages, including Hamlet in the original Klingon.

Creoles: two dozen languages and some materials on creole linguistics.

Europe: over 60 languages. I want to highlight the generous donations I have received, including but not limited to Aragonese, Catalan, Occitan and 6 Sámi languages. I also want to highlight the Spanish literature section and a growing collection of World Englishes.

Eurasia: over 25 languages that were classified as Eurasian to avoid discussions whether they belong in Europe or Asia. If you can't find a language in either folder it might be there.

History, Culture, Science etc: Everything not language related but interesting, including a collection of "very short introductions", a growing collection of queer and gender studies books, a lot on horror and monsters, a varied history section (with a hidden compartment of the Aubreyad books ssshhhh), and small collections from everything like ethnobotany to travel guides.

Jewish Languages: 8 languages, a pretty extensive selection of Yiddish textbooks, grammars, dictionaries and literature, as well as several books on Jewish religion, culture and history.

Linguistics: 15 folders and a little bit of everything, including pop linguistics for people who want to get started. You can also find a lot of the books I used during my linguistics degree in several folders, especially the sociolinguistics one.

Literature: I have a collection of classic and modern classic literature, poetry and short stories, with a focus on the over 140 poetry collections from around the world so far.

Polynesia, Micronesia, Melanesia: over 40 languages and I want to highlight the collection for Māori, Cook Islands Māori and Moriori.

Programming Languages: Not often included in these lists but I got some for you (roughly 5)

Sign Languages: over 30 languages and books on sign language histories and Deaf cultures. I want to highlight especially the book on Martha's Vineyard Sign Language and the biography of Laura Redden Searing.

Translation Studies: Everything a translation student needs with a growing audiovisual translation collection

And the best news: the folders are still being updated regularly!

#Langblr #Lingblr

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jayrockin · 8 months

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I have a little question about Gillie. I don't know the language she's using so I don't understand what she's signing, but I can assume it's what her speech bubble says, and I was curious if there's a process behind deciding which words she's going to be signing in the drawing? (I'm also asking because I want to know how different artists make that choice, to help me with adding sign language to my own comics)

She is signing in ASL, both because Jovia's a cultural descendant of the USA and because the characters are depicted speaking non-diagetic modern American English (300 years would change English enough to make the comic difficult to read, otherwise), so modern ASL fits.

Disclaimer, I'm not Deaf, so I'm not the arbiter of "How to depict sign language Correctly." But the technique I use is picking a single sign from what she would be signing based on the English translation in the speech bubble. Which is rarely 1 to 1 with ASL, because ASL grammar doesn't work like English, but nouns are usually a safe bet. I bias towards "important" or emphasized words, or a sign that jives best with the posing and emotion in a scene. If I don't know the ASL sign off the top of my head I look it up on online ASL dictionaries like Handspeak, Lifeprint, and Signing Savvy. Doing full sentences or multiple signs per panel is usually not feasible, it becomes a visual mess. But this is my own preference. I've seen a variety of techniques from Deaf cartoonists, I recommend looking for their work if you're developing your own way to depict ASL in comics.

#jaytext #gillie

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northwindow · 1 year

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reading on reading

a literary syllabus [x]

how to read now by elaine castillo

a collection of essays by novelist and essayist elaine castillo about the politics and ethics of reading. castillo exposes the inherently colonial premises behind not only the works of many individual writers; but the way reading cultures analyze and canonize works, the tokenizing nature of the publishing industry that fails writers and readers of color, and the unfulfilled promises by bibliophiles and literary institutions to "build empathy" through reading diverse books.

"time in the codex" and "lastingness" by lisa robertson

two essays by poet lisa robertson from her prose collection nilling, both meditations on reading. “time in the codex” is an ode to the sensory and cognitive processes that reading evokes. “lastingness” explores the relationship between passivity and will when it comes to receiving the stories and ideas we read, using the work of hannah arendt to analyze texts by lucretius and pauline réage.

a history of reading by alberto manguel

alberto manguel (former director of argentina's national library) compiles a history of reading that encompasses the prehistory of books in ancient mesopotamia, the story of the library of alexandria and its influence in libraries that followed, literary societies such as the heian court, book thieves throughout time, book banning in multiple cultures, and the progression of text formats around the world from clay tablets to modern bookbinding.

selections from not to read by alejandro zambra (trans. megan mcdowell)

essays taken from the collection not to read by chilean writer alejandro zambra about the practice of reading, his own evolving reading life, and writing books; mixed with a variety of literary criticism. selections include "in praise of the photocopy," "against poets," "obligatory readings," "traveling with books," and "novels-- forget it."

"how do we read?", "the reading ape", and "inventing reading" by stanislas dahaene

three chapters from cognitive neuroscientist stainslas dahaene's book reading in the brain. "how do we read?" functionally breaks down how our brain understands written words. "the reading ape" imagines how our ability to read evolved by recycling preexisting neural circuits. "inventing reading" explores how languages themselves have formed over time to serve the way we think.

"when robots read books" by inderjeet mani

essay by computational linguist inderjeet mani on ways that artificial intelligence could enhance literary criticism by analyzing classic texts, particularly cumulative corpuses of works. examples of literary AI usage include finding similar character traits, archetypes, and tropes between different books and authors; quantitatively tracking literary trends; and generating timelines and maps of information pulled from narratives.

"uncritical reading" by michael warner

essay by english professor michael warner which attempts to define what "critical reading" actually is, the beginnings of a history of that practice, its alignment with agency and morality in academic culture, and what the qualities of "uncritical reading" (such as “identification, self-forgetfulness, reverie, sentimentality, enthusiasm, literalism, aversion, distraction") might offer us.

"someone reading a book is a sign of order in the world" by mary ruefle

essay adapted from a lecture in poet mary ruefle’s madness, rack, and honey that traces a reader's development through personal experiences in her own reading life. topics include rereading, what it means to read “the right book at the right time”, and the pleasure of finding imaginative connections between books.

#cover image is by willy belinfante #syllabi

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bowtiepastabitch · 3 months

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Deeply Transgender and Vividly Pornographic: a deep dive into what makes a fic queer

This is a response to the wonderful @ineffabildaddy making this post, which it was originally going to just be a reblog to but once I started approaching a thousand words it was a bit unwieldy so we're just going all the way. If second base is reading their fics and third base is actually talking to your mutuals, I have no clue what this is.

Here's the prompt text that started it all:

Alright, well I am nothing if not a scientist (narrator voice: they were, in fact, a humanities major), so I spent several hours of my weekend putting this together because I'm a burnt out academic and this is the enrichment in my enclosure. Readers, this is going to contain experpts of some very spicy stuff, so stop here if you're not interested. Me bringing porn? To your tumblr dash? It's more likely than you think.

All fics and such referenced will be linked at the bottom of the page.

~~~

Heteronormativity and cisnormativity, while unfortunately the dominant norm for mainstream pornography, make little appearance within the fandom writing spaces I myself spend time in. That's not to say I haven't read my fair shair of painfully straight smut in my lifetime, but simply that I have taste and am lucky to be neck deep in a fandom with very little of it. Nonetheless, as a card-carrying queer and writer myself, I consider myself quite familiar with the distinctive traits and patterns of queer and cishet pornographic writing. Beyond merely a focus on non-male pleasure or the subtle presence of queer or trans characters, the characterization of queer fanfiction is distinct and has entirely different mannerisms in dealing with conceptions of the body and pleasure. I'll primarily be citing Ineffabildaddy's work, for the sake of a focused analysis, who I will henceforth be referring to as Sam for the sake of pseudo-academic flow.

There are certain linguistic patterns that tend to distinguish heterosexual and heteronormative depictions of sex from queer ones. For instance, "cunt" is utilized sparingly within heteronormative contexts for its vulgarity and added obscenity, whilst queer writers use it pretty universally and without the same subtext. Throughout his writing, Sam works with this queer-coded vocabulary pretty consistently. In "Strawberry Scripture" (F/M), he describes how "Crowley's cunt... was damn-near swollen" and how Aziraphale has to resist "Bury[ing] his face in it immediately." No cis-het man has ever thought about eating pussy that way, and if you find one I'll eat my fucking hat. Likewise, vocabulary for the phallic tends to veer in the direction of "cock" over anything else. Interestingly, this creates a set of contrasting pairings. Heteronormative slang, from my obvervation, is more likely to use 'dick' and 'pussy', and, especially in conjunction, it creates a very distinctive mouthfeel that separates the two and poses them as opposites. 'Pussy', in particular, has a much more feminized feel when juxtaposed against 'dick', favoring much softer consonants and the english diminutive 'y' ending. 'Cock' and 'cunt', in comparison, have a very similar sound and feeling to them, distancing itself from hetero-cis-normative gender dualism of the language. There is, of course, plenty of nuance to this and the use of a variety of language in subverting cisnormative ideas about the sexed body as well, with phrases like 'boypussy' and 'girldick' being rather essential to the way many trans people describe their own bodies. "Fandom's Pornagraphic Subset," (yes I'm stealing sources from my research paper on monsterfucking, suck my dick) an article published in 2021 by Silja Kukka, describes how the "fleshy, hyperbolic descriptions of sex" that characterize this kind of writing are essential to what she dubs the "[creation of] a new genderqueer place outside of the gender dichotomy"(57). If you read enough smut, you know exactly what this is talking about. For example, in "Despite Knowing Better,"(F/M) we get vivid imagery to describe the way "streaks of her spit oozed from her mouth even as Aziraphale fucked it"(Ch5) and of "her walls quivering and clenching around him."(Ch3) This level of graphic sexual depiction goes beyond what would be considered 'tasteful' or 'sexy' in a heteronormative concept of pornography.

In terms of tropes, let's do a deep dive into "Strawberry Scripture"(F/M) to find what makes it queer beyond it's apparently straight pairing. To preface, this fic involves both foodplay and monsterfucking, but we're only gonna analyze one. The inherent queerness of monsterfucking is actually something I've written an entire academic paper on, so I suppose I'll start there. There's something very queer and often very trans about subverting the standard playbook of sexual acts, and while kink itself can easily be heterosexual, most monsterfucking falls far outside that category no matter what genital configuration those involved have. Monsterfucking tends to reject the phallocentrism of heteronormativity and mainstream kink by subverting the concept of the human body itself, giving inhuman and monstrous qualities to characters usually for sex appeal or general kinky shenanigans. While there's an argument to be made for heteronormativity still being able to creep into certain spaces, that certainly isn't true for this fic. There's something intrinsically transgressive about creating an erogenous zone out of a feature that would largely be considered horror or 'gross' in any other form of media, which is exactly what Sam does here as he describes the "cool, satiny sensation that the plates of her scales against his tip engendered." The scales are not merely called apon for their invocation of the unusual but to give them an eroticism in and of themselves, with Crowley reaching orgasm through their stimulation. We also slide gently into Monsterfucker territory in "Close (well you couldn't get much closer)" (M/M), where an argument could be made that the most trans-coded element isn't even Crowley's T-dick but instead the presence of a magic angel dildo. (sentences I never thought I'd fucking say but here we are.) There's something deeply transgender about the deconstruction of genital purpose in sex that recontextualizes the gendered body's role in pleasure. It falls into the same semiotic revolution and reclaiming of the body as the changes in language used by trans folks to rename and reidentify the literal physicality of the body by ones own standards (ie T-dick).

Another major trademark in departing from heteronormatized porn is the shift in narrative focus away from penetrative sex. That is, even in paragraphs where the main sex event is penetration, it rarely takes up even half the prose. The majority of narration is focused on surrounding or tangential actions: "the flowing movement of ... hips was sedate and wanton and lusciously provocative,"(1) "watching the muscles which resided there tense and relax alternately with pleasure,"(2) "his tongue stole past his teeth and slid over them,"(3) and "he whispered, his voice aching and curling and stretching for her"(4); all excerpts pulled from moments in which penetration is taking place, yet the concentration is anywhere but. Likewise, the act of penetration itself only takes up a small portion of physical sex acts in the grander scheme of Sam's writing. Instead, we as readers are presented with a vast spread of cock-sucking, pussy-eating, fingering, teasing, frottage, kissing, and more. Contrast this with the cis-hetero norm, where penetrative sex is the endgoal, and any other action is shucked aside to play second fiddle as mere foreplay. It's the reason virginity as a concept is directly tied to the mystical hymen and one's experience with penetration; a straight girl can suck dick a thousand times and still consider herself a virgin. As such, in a piece of pornographic writing where I have significant trouble finding lines to pull specifically and exclusively describing penetration (seriously, try it out yourself), the heterosexual influence is negligible. And yes, I'm talking about all of them. I had to restructure an entire argument that focused on comparing lines from different works because it was so difficult to find them.

So, in conclusion, Sam, love, there is not an ounce of heteronormativity in even the "straightest" of your writing. Congratulations.

Links, in order of reference:

Strawberry Scripture (3)

Fandom's Pornographic Subset, article by Silja Kukka and a great read

Despite Knowing Better... (4)

Close (you couldn't be much closer)

Many Different Ways to Eat an Oyster (1)

I'm Beginning to See the Light (2)

Author's notes, and then I promise I'll leave y'all alone: Hi! This started as a short analysis but quickly became a three(?)(maybe more?) hour labor of love analyzing the things I love most about both Sam's writing and the writing in this community as a whole. Please please please ask me questions, I'm an autistic little bitch and I like knowing things. My ask box? Open. Comments? Open. Reblogs? Open. If you've read this far, I fucking love you and I am kissing you on the mouth right now. Don't worry, my gender is just queer so it's gay no matter what. <3<3<3

#good omens #good omens fanfiction #ineffable husbands #good omens fandom #nerd shit #why do any of you follow me #gomens

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becausegoodheroesdeservekidneys · 7 months

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I recently started learning Welsh in part because of you (I have been working on Gàidhlig/Scottish Gaelic for about three years, but I needed some variety). I have a pronunciation question: how do you pronounce the double L that occurs at the beginning of words like llaeth and llysiau? Sometimes the speaker on Duolingo sounds like they're making an English sh sound, as in shadow, and other times it sounds like English ch, as in cherry. I have hearing loss, so parsing sounds can be tricky.

Western languages have no analogue, so it does get tricky!

My description that I always give people: so you know how some sounds like 'h' and 's' and 't' don't use your vocal chords? Instead you just push air out of your mouth around your tongue and lips in various shapes?

Ll is one of those. No vocal chords. Put them away. In fact, the best sound to think of is 'h', because that's pure air.

The tongue position you want is the same as for a normal 'L'. Tip behind your top teeth on your gum, noise made around the sides. But instead of using your vocal chords for the noise, you're going to say an 'h' sound. Pure air, no vocal chords.

The result should feel like an odd, saliva-filled hiss. The joke among Welsh speakers is that you know you're doing it right when you spit on the people to either side of you, but not in front of you (in practice you're doing it right when you don't spit, but it's an odd feeling the first time.) It gets easier the more you practice it.

As a final note, while saying the proper sound is obviously the real aim of the game and what you should work towards, there ARE ways to substitute for something close:

THL. This is my personal favourite substitution by people who can't say it. Llanelli -> thlanethli. It actually sounds pretty close, and it's fairly soft and fluid, so it doesn't make anyone wince. A lot of people may not even notice at first.

FL. Similar to the above, but much more audibly wrong, so it does jar a bit. But not bad.

CL. This is what children say when they're learning. It is a clear mispronunciation, but it also shows that you know it's a different letter and you are trying. Pretty ugly though - Clanecli. People will wince.

L. NEVER JUST USE L. Never ever do that. Ever. That's the disrespectful English approach. Never ever ever. Avoid.

Final note! Thank you so much for learning! Have a wonderful week

#asks #wales!#closed for cleaning on mondays #linguistics

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itsagrimm · 4 months

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What is a Russian Character and How to write them

As @sarapaprikas-blog and I were working on this post, we noticed a gap of knowledge and public perception that we want to address. Plenty of characters get labelled as Russian in media without necessarily being Russian. On the other hand the Archetypal ”Russian” character often does not mirror the realities of being Russian. We are to talk about that.

What is Russia?

Russia is a country. It is the largest country in the world with over 140 million inhabitants, stretching over 11 time zones. It is often seen as the successor state to the Soviet Union, which in itself was the successor state of the Russian Empire. The Soviet Union and Russia do not have the same borders or government. However, modern Russia draws a lot from its history as the largest and dominant part of the Soviet Union. Before the Soviet Union, the area was governed by the Russian Empire. The Russian Empire, as the name already indicates, was imperialist. The history as an Empire with massive expansion, colonies and conquering different people, is arguably the biggest reason why modern Russia is as big as it is today.

What is Russian?

There is a difference between the language Russian, the ethnicity Russian, and the nationality Russian. In English the difference can be made out only by context.

Who is Russian?

As aforementioned, there is a difference between Russian (Россиянин) meaning citizen of Russia, and ethnically Russian (Русские). The term Russian (Русские) usually refers to ethnicity, indicating a person who has Russian roots. Russian (Россиянин) implies Russian citizenship, regardless of ethnicity. Thus, a Russian can be someone with Russian citizenship, but not all Russian citizens are Russians in the ethnic sense. Also, not all ethnic Russians have Russian citizenship or live within Russia.

Ethnic-Russians are an East Slavic people. Obviously, they mainly live in Russia. But there are also large communities in Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, and other countries. The traditional religion among Russians is Orthodox Christianity. The main language is Russian.

The country Russia is home to more than 190 ethnicities, including indigenous and autochthonous people, leading to a variety of languages, religions and practiced cultures. So, someone who holds a Russian citizenship, has ethnic Russian heritage and / or speaks Russian, can look very different than the cliche Russian bond girl or evil-doer indicates. That also means that those who get labelled Russian can live very different lives. Writing a Russian character gives you a lot of room outside of the prevalent stereotyped depictions.

Who is not Russian?

Simple - those who say they are not Russian, are not Russian.

Who are Slavs? What is Slavic?

The slavic people are a variety of people, ethnically Russian people are part of that group. However, there are a lot of other ethnic groups that are Slavs without being Russian e.g. Poles, Sorbs, Czech, Ukrainians, and many more. Slavic is the corresponding adjective to Slavs. It is often used to describe the indo-Slavic language group. Slavic is also often used to describe the collectively perceived similarities of Slavic peoples' culture. However, that can be misleading and get’s often orientalised as not everything from Eastern-Europe or Russia is slavic.

Russian vocabulary Да - Yes Нет - No Привет - Hi Здравствуйте - Hello Как дела ? - How are you? Хорошо - Good Пожалуйста - Please Не за что - my pleasure До свидания - Goodbye Пока - bye Увидимся - See you later Хорошего дня - Have a nice day Простите - I'm sorry. (Plural or honoured addressee) Помогите, пожалуйста. - Help me please. (Plural or honoured addressee) Доброе утро - Good morning Доброй ночи - Good night. Добрый день - Good day / afternoon.

Pet names in Russian About pet names. They are either masculine of feminine . Please don't use words like darling, kitten, baby, pretty, sweetie, little one, little fox, etc. as they sound really strange in translation to native speakers. Pet names are common for close ones (family, close friends, spouses). Sometimes primary school teachers call students by affectionate names. Also sweet old lady may call you ( Дорогой/ Дорогая). But outside of that nobody calls each other by pet names, only using names because Russians are very reserved and private people in general. Gender neutral pet names: жизнь моя - my life солнце мое - my sun or my sunshine ты мое все - you my everything. лучик - sunray. мое сокровище - my treasure. мое золотце - my gold or sweetheart. моя любовь - my love. ты моя радость - you are my joy. ангелочек - Angel. прелесть моя - my precious.

Queerness and gender-neutral speech in Russian Being queer in Russia is hard as queers face oppression. Because of that, there is limited to no public discourse on how to adapt and diversify the language to include queer and especially non-binary identities. This is a problem as the Russian language is extremely gendered and expresses a gender binary in near default. While gender neutral pronouns in Russian exist, it's harder to use them in real life as the neutral pronoun “оно” is mostly associated with things or animals and not living humans, similar to the English “it”. Often words generally do not have gender neutral alternatives. However, one way we suggest for a more gender neutral speech is to avoid most explicit gendering as the flexible syntax in combination with using plural pronouns in Russian allow for more gender neutral speech. For Example: Я люблю их всем моих сердцем - I love them with all my heart. Расскажи мне о них! - Tell me about them. Дай им время- give them time. Я горжусь ими - I'm proud of them. Они сделает это сами - they do it themselves. Read more about queerness in Russia here: one two three four

Russian swearing In Russia, swearing is considered a sign of rudeness and poor manners. Use accordingly. Also, as mentioned here, Russian syntax and inflection are different from English. Meaning one word can be a whole sentence. We punctuated every swearing that is technically a whole sentence and therefore can stand on its own grammatically. Блять - fuck Пошел нахуй. - fuck you Хуй - dick Пизда - cunt Мы в пизде. - we are fucked / “We are stuck in the cunt.” Ебать - fuck Ахуел. - are you/they crazy?! Это пиздец. - this fucked up Мудак - asshole Завали ебало. - shut the fuck up Сука - bitch Черт - damn Непизди. - stop fucking lying. / Cut your bullshit. Пиздобол - Person who lies a lot/ Don't lie Мамку твою ебал. - i fucked your mom (mostly used by middle schoolers, here in grammatically masculine gender.) Заебись. - holy shit (could be bad or good depend on situation) Похуй! - I don't fucking care. Навешать пиздюлей - to beat up someone. Срать тебе в рот - To crap in your mouth. Ты ебанулся. - Are you batshit crazy. Заебал. - I'm sick of you. Жопа - ass. Иди в баню. - soft version of Иди нахуй.

Explanation of the Russian Naming System & Patronyms

The Russian naming system consists of three main elements: first name, patronymic and last name. Name: This is the first name given to a child at birth. In Russia, the names are chosen by the parents or relatives of the child. Names can be both traditional (Alexander, Anna, Ekaterina) and modern (Sofia, Victoria, Yaroslav). Patronymic: this is the second name, which reflects the child's origin from his father. Some cultures in Russia also use the mothers name. The patronymic name among Russian people arose in the 10th - 11th centuries and was used infrequently at first, but became widespread around the 16th century. It is formed by adding the suffix "-ovich" or "-aries" to the father's name. For example, if the father's name is Ivan, then his child Ivan or Ivanna will be called Ivan Ivanovich or Ivanna Ivanovna. Last name: This is a family surname that is passed down from generation to generation. It is usually assigned at birth and does not change without special circumstances. Surnames can come from various sources, such as profession, place of residence, origin, or personal characteristics. As a result, a person's full name consists of a first name, a patronymic (if applicable) and a last name, for example: Ivan Ivanovich Petrov.

How to respectfully address a person in Russian. In Russian there are two ways to address someone. Using the polite you (Вы) amd using the formal you (Ты). The choice of mode depends on how well you know the other person and whether you are superior or inferior in terms of age and social position. If you know the person's first name you refer to them by first name and patronymic. For examples: Борис Юрьевич, Ваши рабочие отлично справились с ремонтом- Boris Yurievich, your workers did a great job with repairs. Adults never address a person by name, only by surname or patronymic unless the addressee gives permission to address them in an informal manner. Regulations of most military require their members address each other in formal you( Вы ); subordinates address commanders as товарищ (comrade) + rank , while higher ups address subordinates by military rank and surname. Example: [Colonel to Sgt. Sidorov] Сержант Сидоров, ко мне! Sergeant Sidorov, front and center! [sgt. Sidorov to colonel] По вашему приказанию прибыл, товарищ полковник! Reporting for duty [lit. arrived at your (pl.) request], comrade colonel! Military men sometimes use same forms of address, albeit in singular, in friendly conversation. Example: Сержант, дай сигарету. - Give (sing.) me a cigarette, Sarge. Military hierarchy in Russia You can find useful links here. One Two

#könig #sarapaprikasblog #nikto #call of duty 3 #call of duty modern warfare 3 #creative writing #nik cod #nikolai belinski #cod #cod modern warfare #gromsko #call of duty #gromsko cod #sobiesław kościuszko #grimmwriting #sebastian krueger

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vikkirosko · 10 months

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Hi! I was wondering if you could maybe write something for Hazbin Hotel / Helluva Boss? It would be some romantic headcanons for Angel Dust, Alastor, Vaggie + Charlie (poly), Sir Pentious and Lucifer with a very flirty Spanish!reader. The reader loves to call them Spanish nicknames like Chico/Chica lindo/a, hermoso/a, precioso/a y Mi Amor.

Headcanons Flirty spaniard

🌈 Charlie Morningstar x Reader x Vaggie 🎀

Of all three participants in your relationship, you were the most flirtatious, at least in relation to Charlie and Vaggie. You were affectionate and often complimented them. Quite often your compliments were in Spanish, which was your native language. It didn't bother you when others didn't understand you. Usually you spoke in your native language only when you wanted to hide something from others, but when you talked to Charlie and Vaggie, you often complimented them in Spanish and called them affectionate nicknames

You often called Charlie "hermosa estrella". You compared her to a guiding star that illuminated your path in such a dark place as Hell. Every time you called her that, an embarrassed smile appeared on her lips. This nickname seemed nice to her, and your coquetry in her address sometimes caused her to laugh sincerely

Vaggie got the nickname "hermosa guerrera" from you. She reminded you of the warrior maidens from the old legends that you read once. At first she treated your words with skepticism, but over time she began to treat it much more calmly. Vaggie, just like you, spoke Spanish, so she perfectly understood every word you said. When you needed to discuss something but you didn't want others to know what you were talking about, you started speaking in Spanish

It wasn't a matter of principle for you to compliment them in Spanish, but when it came to cute nicknames, you preferred to say them in Spanish. It was something special for you, because you could speak to everyone in English, but only Charlie and Vaggie were affectionately called in your native language

🕷 Angel Dust x Reader 💖

Angel usually spoke English, rarely switching to Italian, so when he heard you speak Spanish, he became interested in it. He didn't really understand the meaning of what you were saying, but some of the words were familiar to him. It was only when you got closer that you were happy to translate everything you said to him, especially if you told him different tender words

You were flirtatious and often called him by various affectionate nicknames, but most often you called him "precioso chico". He liked it when you called him that and when you spoke Spanish. You often translated to him the curses that you said to those who annoyed you, and Angel had fun from it. He liked the fact that you didn't hide what you thought about others, even though you expressed it with the help of Spanish

Pretty quickly Angel got nicknames for you in Italian. You both gradually learned each other's languages, which allowed you to better understand what you or he wanted to say. When you started to speak non-English, it was as if there was a special atmosphere between you. Few people dared to destroy this atmosphere when sparks seemed to fly between you

You both flirted a lot with each other and both were burning with emotions and fire in the soul. It didn't matter to you what language you spoke to each other, what you talked about was much more important

📻 Alastor x Reader 🎙

Alastor is used to hearing other languages. When he was a man, he met people who spoke a variety of languages, but he himself spoke English and a little French. He didn't immediately understand that you were speaking in Spanish, but pretty quickly he understood what language you were speaking, because you usually spoke in Spanish when you addressed him, calling him by his nickname, or when flirting with him

Alastor always treated your flirting with laughter, regardless of whether you spoke English or Spanish. He knew from your tone exactly what you wanted to tell him. Quite often you called him "guapo". Some even thought that you called Alastor that just to annoy him, because he didn't always like nicknames, but he was more relaxed about what you gave him

Sometimes you arranged small games during which you spoke words to each other in Spanish and French and guessed the meanings of words. You played this game when Alastor was busy cooking and you used this game to flirt and compliment him. He didn't interrupt your game, and you didn't cross the line, knowing full well that Alastor was dangerous even without a weapon in his hands and that he shouldn't be too exasperated

Alastor had fun watching you flirt with him. He liked spending time with you and your flirting couldn't spoil it. You were an interesting person who made his existence in Hell a little more interesting than before you met

🐍Sir Pentious x Reader 🎩

When you appeared in Pentious' life, at first he treated you with mild irritation. He was sure that every time you started speaking Spanish, you said nasty things about him and generally did it just to annoy him. However, when you started dating, he found out that all this time you were flirting with him in your native language

You often flirted with him. You were one of the most flirtatious people he knew, but he was pleased to receive so much attention from you. You often began to give him various cute nicknames in Spanish. You didn't have any one nickname for him, but you often called him affectionate Spanish words that he managed to remember and understood exactly what they meant

You courageously flirted with him even if his minions were watching you. You did not consider the manifestation of feelings to be something bad, and even more so than something that needed to be hidden. Pentious was embarrassed by this at first, but pretty quickly his embarrassment passed and he proudly said that you were dating

Pentious was with so flirty person for the first time and he liked it. He liked the attention you gave him and he liked it when you said kind words to him. You made his life better and made his heart beat faster

🍎 Lucifer Morningstar x Reader 🐍

From the first day of your acquaintance, Lucifer felt like a special connection between you. He always smiled at you and when you started flirting with him, he reacted positively to it. He became even more interested when he found out that your native language was Spanish. He found out about it when you started flirting with him in Spanish, which aroused his special interest

Over the very long years of his life, Lucifer was called differently, but when you started calling him affectionate nicknames in Spanish, he felt a special warmth. It wasn't the nicknames themselves, but the fact that it was you who said them. You called him affectionate, tender words in Spanish, but he was sure that if someone else called him the same way, it wouldn't have the same effect as when you did it

Quite often you called him "mi Amor". It wasn't the only nickname you called him, but it was the one you used most often. Every time it made Lucifer smile, because he knew that you were trying to show him your feelings for him in this way

Lucifer liked it when you flirted with him and he did it in return. Sometimes it seemed to him that your Spanish gave your communication a special charm, but he did not dwell on it, realizing that regardless of whether you spoke Spanish or English, it was still you and that was the main thing

#hazbin hotel #hazbin hotel x reader #Hazbin Hotel headcanons #Charlie Morningstar #Charlie Morningstar x Reader #Vaggie #Vaggie x Reader #Alastor #Alastor x Reader #Angel Dust #Angel Dust x Reader #Sir Pentious #Sir Pentious x Reader #Lucifer Morningstar #Lucifer Morningstar x Reader

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zhonyua · 5 months

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little habits

zhongli x adeptus!reader

context: after his retirement as the geo archon, zhongli set up on normal human life with his lover, you. however, the two of you are still learning about humans and their habits.

content: so so much fluff, kissing, tea date yay! it's basically just fluffines, first kiss.

notes: reader is an adeptus (duh), two old dummies in love, zhongli is really silly here, it might have some grammatical mistakes since english is not my first language.

since rex lapis retired from his position as the geo archon and changed his name to zhongli, he had to adapt to the mortal life. this adaptation wasn't a hard task, since he was a quick learner.

you, on the other hand, always found it difficult to mingle with mortals. was it because of their totally different matters or because of their hard-to-understand feelings, you always fought hard to fit in among them. however, with zhongli by your side, you always tried your best.

with this always on his mind, zhongli developed a curious habit of observing the variety of humans around liyue. his golden and wise eyes were always concentrated on learning the various customs and manners of his people, be it a simple clap of hands when watching a play of opera or a handshake when meeting with an acquaintance.

everything new that he learned, he would, excitedly, tell you, while drinking a warm cup of jasmine tea. you would try your best to understand all of the information he transmitted to you and sometimes you would take a laughter out of his lips when you, unsuccessfully, tried to copy his gestures.

even with your slow pace at learning, he would be patient and teach you as many times as necessary for you to learn. it was the relationship that you two had grown during these many years together. one totally built of love and trust.

one day, when the sun was already setting leaving a beautiful orangish paint in the sky, zhongli was peacefully walking by the calm streets of his beloved city. his work was done for the day, and knowing that he would meet with you soon made all of his stress disappear.

you two had planned to drink tea together at your favorite place, in the mountains. though it was a long way walking, zhongli didn't mind, he would happily walk thousands of miles to see you, if needed.

while passing by a jewelry store, he stopped, always dragged to shiny things, one of the habits that his dragon form had left on him. his eyes lingered on a specific necklace, adorned with a beautiful golden cor lapis - his personal favorite. even though that necklace wouldn't quite suit him, he knew exactly who would adore that shiny piece.

that's why he spent all of his mora on it, carefully putting it on a ornamented little box, but he didn't mind, it was for you after all.

while leaving the store, he saw a couple within a small distance. his curious eyes immediately were drawn to them. the woman was hugging her lover by his waist, with a sincere smile on her lips, while the man left kisses all over her face.

kisses. it wasn't the first time that zhongli witnessed that. it was a common gesture among mortals, being it among friends, relatives or lovers. always brought lots of happiness to the humans, he wondered why they felt so happy over such a simple thing.

but then, his heart skipped a beat when he imagined his lips brushing against his beloved's beautiful face. his mind was quick to create the image of you in his arms, with your cheeks flushed while his lips tickled your nose, cheeks and forehead, slowly coming closer to your lips and-

that was it. he needed to try it. he needed to kiss you.

he instantly felt determined to his goal, resuming his quiet walk towards your meeting spot.

you brushed your hand on the white towel, that you were using as a sit, for the tenth time, straighten it up, even if it wasn't wrinkled.

you were starting to feel impatient, zhongli was taking too long. you knew very well that time was a sensitive matter about zhongli. after living so many years, he got used to being patient. too patient. every little thing he did took a long time to be made, since he always said that "you should savor every little moment and not rush time".

you felt a presence, your senses telling you that you weren't alone anymore. your head quickly turned around to see zhongli walking on a certain distance, seeming distracted with a geo crystal fly. he acted like a child sometimes, but not in the imature kind of way, but in the innocent and sweet little gestures and habits that he made. that was a relief for you, after seeing him suffer so much during his archon time.

you got up from your seat, wrinkling the towel that you were trying so hard to fix. he noticed you and his eyes locked with yours. his smile gentle as always made the well known butterflies in your stomach start dancing. but even though, you frowned.

"you're late." you tried your best to sound stern - after all, zhongli should know when he was wrong - but your heart started to beat faster and stupidly. he chuckled at your words, walking towards you with a sly cat smile.

"my sincere apologies, my dearest." he stood in front of you, with a gentle yet playful smile. "you are very aware of how an old man like me can get distracted easily."

you raised an eyebrow and he smiled even more, with that cat-like attitude of him. finally, you sighed, dropping your stern act and smiling softly at him.

"i am afraid that if i keep forgiving you so easily, you'll get spoiled, my lord." you smiled playfully when he grimaced at the way you called him.

"oh, please. i already asked you a million times to stop calling me that." you could hear the pouty tone in his voice and it was unbelievable adorable. you couldn't hold your chuckle.

"alright, i'm sorry." you shook your head, holding your laughter in your throat. "should we take a seat, my 'love'?" you corrected yourself, feeling the slight blush in your cheeks already taking place.

he sighed with relief, putting a hand on his chest. "ah, much better." he sat down on the towel and you quickly sat next to him, your knees touching.

"i made tea, but i think it's already cold." you said, so distracted with the teapot in front of you that you didn't notice the small box in zhongli's hand.

"i brought you a gift." he said, the soft smile never leaving his lips. you turned your head towards him, your eyes widening slightly when they met the little box on his hands.

"oh, zhongli... you didn't have to." you were genuinely surprised. you knew that after he decided to set on his human life, his savings were short, but even though, he insisted in buying gifts for you.

his slender fingers hurry to open the little box, revealing the cor lapis necklace inside it. your eyes shined together with the gem.

"it's beautiful." your words came out as a whisper when you reached your hands to take the object. zhongli's smile was soft as ever, glad that you liked your gift.

"allow me to assist you." he said, slowly taking the necklace from your hands while you turned your back to him. his hands were gentle as they guided the necklace around your neck, carefully putting it on you.

your hands reached to touch the golden gem, admiring it. zhongli finished his part, his fingers pulling away from your skin.

"there it is. how do you like it?" his face was so close to your ears that you could feel his warm breath on your skin, making you hold a shiver.

"it's beautiful. i loved it." you turned your face to him, locking your eyes with his golden and gentle ones. years passed and his look hasn't changed when directed at you.

looking at your smile and at your blushing cheeks, zhongli felt his heart skipping a beat. if he wanted to do it, he had to do it now.

without a warning, he leaned in, his face millimeters far from yours, his eyes closing almost automatically. you were far too surprised to react, so you just stayed still, watching him with wide eyes as he got even closer.

soon, his lips met yours, for the first time in your life. for the first time in thousands of years. your blush was so strong that it forced your eyes to shut. you could feel his long eyelashes brushing against your cheeks.

his touch was soft and gentle, almost shy. his lips brushed against yours slowly, savoring the moment as he always did. a few seconds passed before he pulled away from you. his lips curling up into a little smile.

your eyes took a moment to open, and when they did, they met his soft and loving eyes staring directly at you. you could see a slight blush on his ears.

as you realized what had just happened, your entire face turned into a deep shade of red. rex lapis- no, zhongli had just kissed you.

"what... what was that?" you asked, hiding your face between your hands, sighing heavily in embarrassment. it's not that you didn't like it, but it was so sudden and so surprising that got your heart beating like crazy.

"that was a kiss, my dear. it is very common among the mortals." his deep voice sounded so loving that got your heart melting. his hands carefully held your wrists, pulling your hands away from your face. you looked up at him, face blushed and eyes dizzy.

"i know what a kiss is." you said simply, your voice shaking with palpable embarrassment. zhongli chuckled softly, brushing his thumb agaisnt your wrist.

"you did not like it?" he asked in genuine concern, his smile slightly getting weaker. you shook your head almost immediately.

"that's not it. i... i liked it." you forced yourself to look up at him. "it was just surprising." you said in a whisper, getting embarrassed again from your silly reaction. zhongli smiled again, relieved.

"i am glad that you liked it, my dear. perhaps we should try it again." he said in a low and caring voice, touching your knuckles with his lips. you got enough courage to push his shoulder, in a playful way.

"you'll have the death of me." a slight chuckle left from your throat.

"that can't happen, dearest." his voice sounded caring again. "i will not allow you to die on my watch." and with that, he leaned in to place a kiss on your cheek.

that day he understood why humans were so fond of kisses.

#zhongli #comfort #genshin impact #fluffy #zhongli x reader #zhongli x adeptus #adeptus reader #two dumbasses in love #zhongli is very autistic to me #i love him #my pookie

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yuurei20 · 2 months

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Grim Info Compilation part 2: Animal vs. Monster vs. Cat vs. Dire Beast vs. Tanuki (pt1)

Grim has been called a variety of different things by the different characters: when he first appears Crowley repeatedly calls him the prefect's familiar but Grim insists that he is not.

Rollo makes the same assumption during Glorious Masquerade.

The prefect calls him a tanuki (an animal that is similar to a cross between a raccoon and a dog, “weasel” on EN) upon their first meeting.

Several other characters call Grim a tanuki throughout the game including Crowley, Leona, Ace and Kalim, but usually to insult him.

Grim has the joke, “that’s animal cruelty…not that I’m an animal” on EN, but that is something he has never said (there is a place on EN where Crowley refers to him as an animal but this was also an addition to EN: in his original dialogue, he is again calling Grim a tanuki).

The closest we come to Grim self-identifying as anything might be a line in the prologue where he says that dragons are “what all monsters yearn to be,” but it is unclear if he is including himself among “all monsters” or just making an observation about monsters in general.

When other characters call Grim a monster (Crowley, Ace, the prefect, Deuce, Jamil), they use the English-language word “monster" in katakana, audible in the audio.

In one scene Crowley says “monster” aloud, over a hidden meaning of another word: dire beast.

And that might be what Grim actually is, with Riddle, STYX technicians, Rook and Ace all calling Grim a dire beast at different times, and Idia providing an in-depth explanation based on an analysis performed at STYX.

#twstgrim #twisted wonderland #Grim #twstfacts #grimfacts

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elen-benfelen · 2 months

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welsh remus guide pt.1

As a casual marauders fan (if such a thing exists lmao), I’ve noticed a growing love/interest towards Remus being Welsh and exploring what this means regarding accent, mannerisms and language. Seeing Welsh being butchered by the use of google translate, whilst understandable that people would turn to it, is actually physically painful at times. And so!! I’ve decided to start collecting some language tips and bits of info to help anyone who wants to Welshify their Remus. The source? My upbringing as a first language Welsh speaker in South-West Wales.

The most popular head canons I’ve seen, some based on scraps of info from canon, is that Remus is either South Walian (specifically South-East Wales - aka the Cardiff area) or North Walian. I’ve only lived in North Wales for just under a month so I have a rough idea of NW slang but I’m no expert. I have lived in Cardiff for about 3 years so I have a stronger grasp on broad South Walian slang.

This is to say - I will try and give words and bits of info I think would be useful to know but my ask box is always open to more specific questions. I’m also a nerd towards the Welsh language so this is going to be an unnecessarily deep dive into it.

First Lesson

Gogs - North Walians

Hwntws - South Walians

Gogs (short for Gogledd meaning North) and Hwntws have an age old rivalry. Our accents are very different and even our Welsh can have a huge variety of slang and accents.

Examples:

Milk - Llaeth (Hwntw) Llefrith (Gog)

Now - Nawr (H) Rwan (G)

Whilst plenty of Welsh folks have very English sounding accents, if someone has a distinctly Welsh accent you can usually tell pretty quickly where they’re from. Accents within the Welsh language itself tend to be rather strong and distinctive for most people. It is extremely common for someone to ask you where you’re from once they find out you speak Welsh. Probably cause Wales isn’t that big and only like 20% ish of us speak Welsh??? Idk. It just is a thing. So like:

“O, da chi’n siarad Cymraeg?” (Oh, you speak Welsh?)

“Ydw! Wyt ti o’r Gogledd?” (I do! Are you from the North?)

“Yndw, dwi o Gaernarfon. Ble yda chi’n byw?” (I do, I’m from Caernarfon. Where do you live?)

“Fi o Rhydaman.” (I’m from Ammanford.)

Hopefully that dialogue feels human and not like two robots talking but you get the gist of it lmao. So, for those of you who want to make another of the characters, such as Lily, Welsh as well, it wouldn’t be out of place for them to try and establish where the other is from when first meeting. But also be aware that their slang and language would be different if they’re not from the same area (as with any language or country).

Conclusion: You cannot slap the blanket label of Welsh on Remus and then have him speak any old welsh and use any slang and such. So either choose somewhere specific or throw a dart and stick with where it lands.

Note: I am not the collective consciousness of every Welsh person. My experience is not universal - especially when it comes to North Walian things. This is just meant to serve as a general guide. Hope this helps and good luck with your writing!

pt.2

#welsh #marauders #welsh remus #remus lupin #lily evans #sirius black #remus x sirius #james potter #harry potter #cymraeg #wales #welsh language #welsh remus lupin #marauders era #the marauders #wolfstar #i have so many thoughts on this topic so buckle up lads

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booklindworm · 1 year

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Mando'a Dialects in- and out-of-universe

Outgame (irl) there are several different versions of Mandoʻa: The Shadows of the Empire Soundtrack version (Notron Cant), the Republic Commando Soundtrack version (Jesse Harlin's text), the Old Republic version (as seen in SWtOR or KotOR), the Republic Commando Novels version (Karen Traviss' version), the Mandoa.org version (their forum members made up a lot of extra vocabulary), several different tumblr versions, and the Disney version (as in the TV-series Star Wars Rebels). They all have distinctive similarities (the Notron Cant is an exception), but unfortunately, they also all somewhat differ. Since Karen Traviss published her Mandoʻa version online, complete with a dictionary, the Mandoa.org version and most tumblr versions are based on her version. Her version in turn is vaguely based on Jesse Harlin's version-the first Mandoʻa on file, so to say. I myself see them as different dialects or development stages of the same language.

See, Karen Traviss' Mandoʻa and also most of Mandoa.org's Mandoʻa uses Basic (i.e. English) grammar with a Mandalorian vocabulary, so I call that version Soldiers' Pidgin. It's obviously (ingame) a creole language that came into existence after the Mandalorian diaspora. It is this Soldiers' Pidgin that Kal Skirata taught his children (the Nulls) and possibly also the language that the Alphas taught other, younger clones (e.g. the CC class or the ARC-troopers) as a "secret" language to hide from the Kaminoans. If it was used by the clones in such a way, the GAR should have its own dialect. The different internet versions of Mandoʻa all seem to be based on Karen Traviss' dictionary, so I see them as different dialects of the Soldiers' Pidgin. The same reasoning can be applied to Disney's Mandoʻa.

The language of Vode An, Graʻtua Cuun, Darasuum Kote, etc. on the other hand uses a grammar that differs from Basic. It is an older form of Mandoʻa, probably the Mandoʻa spoken on Mandaʻyaim before the Excision - seven-hundred years ago. It's a lot more interesting (for me, at least). I propose calling it Classic Mandoʻa. It has its own grammar; it has a similar vocabulary as Soldiers' Pidgin, but with distinct and sometimes varying pronunciations (sometimes depending on the rhyme or rhythm of the song); it has a lot of epitaphs and kennings and references and can have very flowery phrasing. It's used, in or around the time of Palpatine's Empire, predominantly in older songs and poems. An irl-equivalent could be Shakespearean English.

We can probably view the (archaic) tOR version as vaguely translated into modern Mandoʻa (Soldiers' Pidgin, probably) since there is exactly no way that the language changes so little in over 3000 years. I also propose that the Basic back then has very few similarities to the Basic that's spoken during the Skywalker Wars.

Missing is a sort of current, modern version of Classic Mandoʻa. I think that is (sadly) very realistic. A society that is so broken up by something like orbital bombardment would likely, over the centuries, develop several different creole versions and try to keep their original language as unchanged as possible, leading to exactly the combination described above.

Here are some other people's thoughts:

#star wars #mando'a #meta #conlang

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