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crvptidgf · 4 years

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Second Thoughts

Draco Malfoy x Reader

[FLUFF]

Request: The reader is in her first year and as the sorting hat gets placed upon her head it is torn between Griffindor and Slytherin and verbally announces where to put the reader. The hat gives up but still has second thoughts on putting the reader in Slytherin @ghostedstag07

*the request has been shortened for clarity*

I hope this is good. I tried to make the reader gender neutral, so I hope that's okay! there isn't much of a romantic aspect in this since they're pretty young here and are also meeting for the first time, but I tried my best!

enjoy! :)

"C'mon, Y/N. Go!" you hear the person beside you say. You'd recently met them on the train to Hogwarts, they seemed nice enough, but as they push you up the stairs closer to McGonagall, you swear you're going to kill them.

- - -

As you hear your name being called out by Professor McGonagall, you feel your body freeze. You want to move, you really do, but your limbs feel like bricks and your muscles seem to have solidified. Everybody's eyes are fixated on you and your cheeks burn up, probably feeling hot to the touch.

You look back at them and they smiles softly at you, easing your nerves a bit. McGonagall places the Sorting Hat on your head as soon as you sit down. The room goes silent.

Usually the hat would immediately begin talking, or would blurt out a house as soon as it was placed on the student's head. This time it's quiet, like it's contemplating something.

"Hm... yes, I see a lot of potential. You could do great things in Slytherin! You have the smarts for it, the cunning essence in your personality would fit right in..."

Huh, that was it. Slytherin? They have a bad reputation but you aren't disappointed with that answer, you kind of hoped you would get Slytherin anyway. As you begin to stand up the Sorting Hat shouts again.

"I am not done!" He says and you fall back into your chair, "you could also achieve wonderful things in Griffindor... your bravery, companionship, loyalty..."

He grunts, his face contorting into one of confusion. This is a tricky one. Though not uncommon, the Sorting Hat did not meet many students that he had trouble placing into a house. Harry Potter was one, and now you- it was a strange day for the Sorting Hat.

"I see... I see. Slytherin... Gryffindor... Slytherin..." You hear him mumble under his breath.

Your anxiety begins skyrocketing. What if you didn't belong to any house? And you would be sent home, and it would turn out that the letter sent to you was all a mistake. Maybe you weren't supposed to be here, and another Y/N somewhere in the world was wondering why their letter didn't arrive. Or maybe, the hat would put you in the wrong house and-

"Wrong house, eh? I have never put anyone in the wrong house. I know everything there is to know about you- do not underestimate me," it interrupts.

You squeeze your eyes shut, waiting for it to continue and finally tell you what house you belong in. If you even belonged in one...

"It will have to be...Slytherin!" it yells.

You let out a breath you didn't know you were holding, and your head spins from the lack of oxygen. As McGonagall takes the hat, you swear you can hear it say something along the lines of "hopefully I was right about them".

Ignoring the comment, you hop off the chair and make your way to the Slytherin table where all the students were cheering and applauding. Your legs shake a little as you walk past all the other tables. Looking around you notice a few students scowling or yelling at you- the Gryffindor's even mutter something about how they're glad that "someone like them" didn't get into their house.

You frown and turn your head from them, taking a seat next to a blonde haired boy at the Slytherin table. A few Prefects and 6th years congratulate you and shake your hand, welcoming you to their house. You smile and thank them, your heart still beating from the encounter with the Sorting Hat. After everyone settles down you look back to McGonagall who has already called up another student. She barely puts the hat on the student's head before it yells out Hufflepuff.

Frowning, you look away from her. You're already having doubts about being put in Slytherin, and seeing students have their houses chosen for them so easily was not helping. People seem to already hate you just because you're a Slytherin- and maybe the hat was wrong after all... it was bound to make a mistake at some point, maybe you were the mistake. You don't think you belong here. A house that's full of smart, logical and tactical people. You're nothing like that.

Someone cleared their throat beside you. You look to your side to see the blonde boy turning towards you.

"I'm Malfoy. Draco Malfoy," says the blonde. His hand sticks out for you to take. You reluctantly place you hand in his, shaking it gently.

"I'm Y/N. Y/F/L," you reply.

He lifts an eyebrow and crosses his arms, eyeing you up and down.

"You don't recognize my name? I'm a Malfoy," he says, putting emphasis on his surname.

You raise your eyebrow back at him. Was he famous or something? The name sounds familiar but you can't say you know where it's from.

"No? Am I supposed to know who you are?" you sass back at him.

A small smile lurks on his lips at your attitude before he turns back to the table and begins messing with his food. He seemed to be a bit smug, but you suppose you could be friends with him despite that.

"So why exactly am I supposed to know you? Are you, like, famous or what?" you ask.

"You could say that. My father's well known in the Ministry. Lucius Malfoy, you've probably heard of him," he says, his voice somehow getting cockier as he looks at you.

You furrow your eyebrows and shake your head.

"Again, I have no idea what you're talking about," you reply. Turning away from him you begin to place things on your plate, suddenly noticing how hungry you got from the long ride here.

You feel a pair of eyes staring at you so you turn your head to see Draco watching you with complete confusion.

"Yes?" you say, hoping he would stop the silent attack with his eyes.

"Nothing... it's just- I haven't met anyone in the wizarding world who hasn't heard of the Malfoy's. I mean we're pretty big around here."

Of course. He was born in a famous and, probably, rich family. No wonder he would think he's the shit- especially at this age.

"Well you may be special to everyone else but you're nothing but a tiny first year Slytherin to me," you say with a small smile.

If nobody was going to humble this boy, you sure as hell will. The look on his face makes you burst into laughter. He looks shocked, his mouth hangs open as he stares at you in disbelief.

"Close your mouth, you'll catch flies, Malfoy," you tease. Turning away from him for the second time, you begin to eat your food, your stomach silently thanking you for feeding it after the long day you had just had.

Draco has been silent for the past few minutes. He would occasionally eat a few things off his plate, or join a conversation with his friends but other than that he kept quiet.

You see him turn around again from your peripheral vision. Turning around to meet his gaze, you see that his smirk is gone and is instead replaced by a calm and neutral face. He looked way less punch-able like this.

"You must be special if the Sorting Hat didn't know where to put you. It usually chooses houses very quickly. I mean it chose Slytherin for me before McGonagall even placed it on my head," he said the last sentence with pride.

And there it is, the shit eating grin is back. You shrug your shoulders, wringing your hands together.

"I don't know. I doubt I'm special- it probably just stuck me in wrong house."

"Wrong house? The Sorting Hat never chooses wrong. If it said Slytherin, then you're a Slytherin," he said in disbelief. Almost like it was blasphemous for you to question the hat.

"Come on, I'm clearly not a Slytherin. I'm not half as cocky as all you guys," you joked, trying to brush off your insecurities and second thoughts. "Anyway I heard it say that it wasn't sure about putting me in Slytherin. It could've been wrong, you know."

"The hat is never wrong. Plus, someone like you definitely deserves to be in one of the best houses in Hogwarts," says Draco.

Of course he would think Slytherin was the best house. You personally didn't have a preference for the houses, they're all equal in your eyes- although, you are glad you got into Slytherin let's be honest.

"Thank you," you say, trying to suppress the creeping blush on your cheeks.

After Dumbledore had made his announcement, everybody stands up and exits the Great Hall one by one, all following their house prefects.

You don't talk to Draco much on your way to the common rooms, although you do walk up side by side. He talks to his friends as you talk to the friend you made on the train, who had also made it into Slytherin. Your shoulders brush his every now and then but you try to ignore it as you descend the steps into the dungeons.

"The girl's dormitories are down there to the right, and the boy's are the same but to the left. You are not allowed to roam the corridors after hours. You'll see that all of your luggage has already been placed on your bed and your pets are safely in their cages in your rooms. You may make your way to your rooms now," said the Prefect as he makes his way out of the common room.

You glance at Draco, and try to keep down a smile when you notice he was already looking at you. Looking at your friend, you see them motion for you to come with them to the dormitories. You turn to Draco one more time to bid him goodbye.

"I'll see you around, Malfoy," emphasizing the Malfoy just like you had previously done. You saw his cheeks turn pink for split second before he turns his head from you.

Spinning on your heel you jog up to your friend, linking arms as you make your way to your rooms for the night. Hopefully what you said was true... hopefully you would see him around.

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nerdygaymormon · 4 years

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Why does paul hate women so much????

Paul is the apostle we love to hate because it seems he was a patriarchal misogynist who viewed women in the church as second-class citizens and who hated all gays. At least that’s how he is often portrayed.

He wrote harmful things in regards to women, such as women shouldn’t be leaders over men and they should be silent in church and keep a veil over their face and obey their husbands and must have long hair.

But it’s weird because mostly Paul seems to have an intense devotion to erasing all forms of oppression. He was a champion of the poor, and insisted on gender, ethnic, and class equality. He seems happy to view himself as a co-worker with men (Timothy, Titus, Philemon, and Apollos) & women (Priscilla, Lydia, Euodia, Phoebe and many more), which contradicts the statements about a woman's place in church.

Here’s some thoughts about Paul and those troublesome verses:

(1) Some people point to his Jewish upbringing and that Jewish leaders specifically had to be men, and this may have influenced his thinking.

In Paul’s time, Jewish women were forbidden to learn the law and had no part in the synagogue service, in fact, in a synagogue they would sit in a separate section, or be in a gallery where they could not be seen.

But it seems Paul rejected that idea when he said believers in Christ are all priests -- Jews and Greeks, slaves and free, males and females. When Paul left Ephesus for his missionary tour, he left Priscilla and Aquila (a wife & husband) in charge of the church that met in their home. Can you imagine having a husband & wife called as co-bishops to lead the congregation?

(2) There's also the culture of the 1st Century Roman, Greek & Jewish world where he was preaching.

A respectable woman led a very confined life, and had little contact with any men except her husband. When Paul talks about a woman keeping her hair covered or a veil over her face, he’s drawing a contrast to the “immoral” women who weren’t careful to cover their hair or their faces in public.

(3) Another thing to remember is that most of Paul's letters are written to address specific problems, but we don't have the letters that Paul is responding to, so it's like listening in on 1/2 of a phone conversation.

Paul’s letters were written to specific communities in response to particular questions or problems. That may account for that one verse about “women being silent.” In the very same letter (I Cor. 11) Paul told women how they were to pray and prophesy in public meetings (with heads covered). He did NOT say they shouldn’t pray and prophesy.

(4) We are reading the Apostle Paul through the lens of a 21st century perspective, rather than the 1st century perspective in which Paul lived & wrote.

In Paul’s world, women were considered their husband’s property and had few rights or protections. About half the people he’d encounter in the Roman empire were slaves/servants. Paul’s teachings were revolutionary in this world. Such as Galatians 3:28: “There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus.”

Paul told husbands to love their wives, to nourish & cherish her and sacrifice for her. “Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ also loved the church, and gave himself for it;” (Eph. 5:25). He also said that husbands & wives have sexual equality and need to make sure each other is getting sexually satisfied, which I don’t know if that’s ever been asserted before Paul said it (I Cor. 7:3-5). Can you imagine if our prophet said that it’s a priesthood responsibility to pleasure your wife and make sure she gets off? As shocking as it would be to hear that today because we aren’t comfortable talking about sex openly, it was revolutionary in Paul’s time to say men had a responsibility to their wives rather than she was to serve him.

(5) Some people believe those sorts of misogynistic statements were inserted later by others because they contradict the main thrusts of Paul’s message, which is largely egalitarian. He was a champion of the poor, and insisted on gender, ethnic, and class equality. He stood up to Peter when he wasn’t being inclusive of the gentile converts and Paul taught that leaders should be called out when they’re wrong. Paul was very concerned about building a community of unity and equality.

(6) There is also the complicated matter of Paul’s sexuality. Using today’s labels, Paul may have been ace/aro, and gay or bi, and perhaps suppressing those feelings. That may influence how he speaks about women. He talked about sex as something that he doesn't desire & wishes more people were like him. He describes marriage as necessary for people who have a sex drive they need to satisfy.

(7) Why do we focus on these verses that limit women? Why do we still give them importance rather than dismiss them as part of the culture of the time? Five times the New Testament says, “Greet one another with a holy kiss.” Do we follow that? Paul tells Timothy to “drink a little wine for the sake of your stomach.” Should a Mormon drink wine because Paul recommended it?

————————————————————

It’s really unfortunate, because Paul showed by his life and his teachings that women were to use their God-given gifts for the benefit of the church. Paul had women teach & lead in whatever way God led them. Paul lists many women by name and gives them titles such as coworker, deacon/minister, and apostle.

So much attention is given to women obeying their husbands, not speaking in church, not being leaders over men or having long hair and so on. Why can’t we say those were cultural things? Those few verses are used to reinforce patriarchy.

How much better if we focused on the importance and place of women in ministry & leadership, including being apostles & prophesying. Or that we’re all equal before God and differences, like gender, don’t matter. Paul’s message is still revolutionary and that may be why we don’t explore & emphasize it, and instead get distracted by these superfluous verses.

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jacob-harger · 4 years

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COVID & Clubbing: How Coronavirus has allowed the Tories to pricetag culture

COVID-19 has - unless you’re in the 1% of course - been, to varying degrees damaging to all our lives whether directly through sharply rising unemployment or indirectly through the mental impact of our previous day-to-day existence becoming something dangerous and unpalatable. Millions have suffered, and based on the government’s unfathomably negligent policymaking, will continue to over the coming months. Faced with the plurality of issues facing the UK therefore, it might seem remiss to focus on one area as particularly suffering during the crisis: the so-called ‘nighttime economy.’ Of course, if we were to prioritise our concerns based on the government’s concerns, then clubbing would be in last place. Despite persistently replying to every plea from the live music industry with a blasé response that the government was providing emergency funding to businesses and that the furlough scheme was ensuring continued incomes for individuals during the crisis, the reality was that clubs were for some time ineligible for cultural funding. Equally, musicians, ¾ of whom are self-employed, were like most self-employed individuals left out in the cold faced with minimal government support.

Following a sustained and widely supported campaign, Let Us Dance, led by and supported by both significant individuals and companies involved in the UK’s nightlife, the government finally committed to including clubs as recipients of £257m of the £1.57bn Cultural Recovery Fund package. However following the commencement of payments earlier this month, only a handful of clubs received support, and the list of recipients was dominated by London, and to a lesser extent Manchester. Some of the largest recipients included Ministry of Sound which scooped up £975,468, Studio Spaces (owner of E1) with £500,000, and controversially, music journalism and ticket vendor Resident Advisor with £750,000. Smaller venues were not completely forgotten, with spaces such as Electrowerkz, The Glory and M.O.T. also receiving funds. Of course, there are numerous notable absences, whether in the form of Queer spaces in the capital, or of course clubs equally in peril outside of London or other major cities. Even in the capital, established locations such as Printworks, Studio 338 and Egg were denied money. Printworks makes for a particularly concerning example, not least as the venue is a clear example of how intertwined clubs are with freelance workers: it employed 34,000 of them last year. If even these established and household names can’t attract government funding, it doesn’t leave much hope for smaller venues with smaller profit margins and smaller audiences. More money is in the pipeline over the coming weeks, so it is too early to judge whether the distribution of funding is fair and effective. However, it is important to note that applicants to the scheme were not just required to demonstrate their importance as cultural institutions, but also that they were financially viable pre-pandemic. It is this second criteria that not only demonstrates the soulless, calculating approach the Tory government has inflicted on culture but also that taps into issues that have plagued club culture, particularly in the capital, for far longer than the last year.

Quietly over the last 15 years or so there has been a subtle transition from references to club culture toward a far more insidious term: the nighttime economy. The commercialisation of the arts has a history that stretches back decades, and spans many different artforms: art itself is the most dramatic example. However, for a space that was in its origins so vocally committed to the levelling of individuals, escapism, and freedom of expression as the nightclub, this transition should be especially troubling. Long before the pandemic, rising ticket prices were freezing out the very people that club culture was designed to bring in, and smaller venues that bravely attempted to buck the trend and pursue a more authentic vision of inclusivity were being closed down to make way for flats that, thanks to London’s soaring house market, were far more profitable for landlords and investors than noisy hedonistic clubs whose existence rebelled against their profit-driven perspective of the world. Inclusivity gave way to VIP culture as the same inequality that people fled to the club from found its way into those very spaces. Gentrification and the sterilisation of culture that it brings with it is a familiar story to anyone living in London, and increasingly across any UK city, as vibrant and expressive collective individuality is steamrolled by a constant influx of cold, indifferent money. This is an old story, but in many ways what the pandemic has done is exacerbate and possibly catalyse this narrative. The government’s criteria that nightclubs be financially viable as an enterprise automatically betrays the lack of government interest in meaningfully sustaining culture. There are numerous spaces, in London and beyond, that have consistently prioritised their cultural contribution over their financial viability. Numerous spaces that promote underground music, provide safe spaces for marginalised communities, or provide a platform to young creatives have already struggled against the odds to eke out a continued existence in the capital - and of course, many have lost that battle. Yet now more than ever, the government is pursuing a policy of pricing up those cultural institutions, and those spaces which don’t price up right have been left to fend for themselves. It’s not exactly surprising that a Conservative government is continuing its longstanding policy of suppressing and delegitimising youth culture; after all, similar repression defined club culture in its infancy. However, over the last two decades countless individuals and collectives have striven to establish spaces, against the odds, that not only celebrate youth culture but also provide refuge for marginalised groups from governments that claim to act in their best interests but consistently prove otherwise. The perseverance of these spaces against immense pressure has been part of what has made them so special, so vital and has also contributed to London’s truly unique cultural output, recognised globally. The Tories want to talk about London as a global financial hub, but young people the world over see a global cultural hub, and that is in no small part thanks to exactly the kinds of spaces which, in refusing to bow to commercialisation, have served as beacons of authentic cultural diversity and inclusion. These are exactly the places that are directly threatened by the government’s policies.

Of course, we’re all complicit in this price-tagging of culture, in embracing the ‘nighttime economy.’ Popular Instagram posts that circulated in support of funding for arts and culture predominantly sought to leverage the financial value of these sectors. The Let Us Dance campaign also sought to leverage its financial value front and center in its campaign, in an effort to prove its ‘worth’. Of course, this is done with the absolute best of intentions, and you can easily see why faced with the immediacy of the emergency facing these institutions, playing by the Tories’ rules in the short-term is an effective and sensible strategy. However, it points to a problem that has deep roots. Moreover, the price-tagging of nightlife distracts attention from the vital cultural ecosystems that these places are both participants in and pillars of. Recent research by Help Musicians UK revealed that 55% of musicians had earned no money since the onset of the pandemic, a troubling sign that without venues to act as platforms, not only musicians but the variety of auxiliary staff needed to execute live music events are really struggling. With the government set to supply just 20% of self-employed individuals’ wages moving forward, an already dire situation appears set to become even worse.

All this points to the way in which venues, particularly nightclubs, operate as far more than simply venues. Apart from being invaluable communal spaces for groups which aren’t as easily able to congregate in different locations, nightclubs are vital to the electronic music scene. Aspiring young producers, by sharing demos with established DJs, often find their first proper exposure on the dancefloor. DJs looking to initially establish themselves on the scene hone mixtapes to distribute to venues. Promoters, at their best, refine concepts that tie together producers, DJs and communities in one place to create memorable and unique nights. A quick google of advice for young DJs looking to kickstart a career reveals that the unanimously advised best option is to get down into the clubs, to build networks and to persist in the search for an opportunity to get behind the decks. COVID-19 has rendered that completely impossible, and whilst the internet offers a great platform for established DJs to continue to connect with their audiences in a different environment, what is lost is that opportunity for lesser known DJs to demonstrate their capabilities, in the warm-up slots for example that have served as a key means for up-and-coming DJs to make a name for themselves. Producers continue to create productions, and DJs at all stages of their careers continue to mix and refine their skill, but for those lower on the ladder, having these venues taken away has cut off their means of climbing the ladder. Those higher up can at least, via live streaming, radio or simply self-releasing, continue to promote themselves with an eye on bookings for when, if ever, we can return to something resembling normalcy. Therefore it is perhaps not overdramatic to hear of several top DJs share their concerns of a lost cohort of talent going forward, a situation that would only worsen the longer this situation lasts.

Of course, this situation is not easily addressed, and individuals as well groups associated with nightlife will no doubt have to be creative in finding solutions - and no doubt they will be. However, it does demonstrate the particularly acute difficulty facing artists and DJs associated with electronic music, part of the far more systematic problem facing the UK’s creative art and cultural scene as a whole during this period. What it also demonstrates is that nightclubs are far more than simply businesses, something lost on a Conservative government that conditions its support foremost on economic viability. Alarmingly they also are supplying funding allegedly on the condition that venues which do accept grants are required to post positively about receiving that funding on social media channels. This disturbing development only reinforces an image of a Tory government leveraging financial support as a means to enforce cultural conformity, as well as to project an image, falsely, that the government is meaningful about supporting culture.

As noted before, it’s still early days for the grant program, and how fairly distributed funding will be is something that will become clearer over the coming weeks. However, the initial signs are worrying, with the criteria for and conditions of accepting grants suggesting that the government is more interested in preserving commercially viable culture than in really engaging with affected communities to ensure that the spaces that act as their second homes are able to make it through the pandemic, no matter how viable a business they may be. For a government that never ceases to surpass our expectations of its incompetence and cold indifference toward the population at large, the grant scheme for nightclubs just serves as another example. But for the marginalised groups and musicians who had already been fighting against the odds to survive in a gentrified London, the potential for the government’s policy to do lasting damage to their world is very real.

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megayogiposts · 4 years

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Sudalai Kumar suffering of atrocity of corrupt public staffs

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Sudalai Kumar suffering of atrocity of corrupt public staffs

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Sudalai Kumar suffering of atrocity of corrupt public staffs

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Sudalai Kumar suffering of atrocity of corrupt public staffs

Mahesh Pratap Singh Yogi M P Singh <[email protected]>

Subsistence allowance and full salary request for the suspension of chemist Dr. S. Sudalai Kumar 1 message

Sudalai Kumar <[email protected]> 24 February 2020 at 17:25

To: [email protected], [email protected]

Bcc: [email protected]

Sir/madam,

I attached the letter for the Subsistence allowance and full salary for the month of February 2020 in the suspension of chemist Dr. S. Sudalai Kumar.

Dr. Sudalai Kumar, Chennai 74

எண்ணித் துணிக கருமம் துணிந்தபின் எண்ணுவம் என்பது இழுக்கு.

full salary-req_5.pdf 261K

Mahesh Pratap Singh Yogi M P Singh <[email protected]>

Same reply for two different issues-Quality of CM cell works-GOVT/E/2019/04559 for apartment registration issues but reply given for drainage issue 2 messages

Sudalai Kumar <[email protected]> 24 February 2020 at 11:44

To: [email protected], Bala <[email protected]>, Mahesh Pratap Singh Yogi M P Singh <[email protected]>, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Name S.SUDALAI KUMAR Petition No 2019/984339/RN Petition Date 04/01/2019 Address Plot No 40 Door NoF8, Venkateshwara Nagar 5th Street, IOB bank, POZHICHALUR, Taluk, Kancheepuramm,Tamilnadu – 600074 Grievance Sir/madam, I am Dr. Sudalai Kumar staying in the address Plot No 40 Door No F8, Venkateshwara Nagar 5th Street, IOB bank, POZHICHALUR, PALLAVARAM TALUK, Kancheepuram – 600074, TAMILNADU for last one year. In this last one year we faced drainage issues of waste water and rain water issues due to no drainage facility in the street. This issue affects the children, ladies and elders in the apartment and could not get sleep properly in the night. The water is stagnant in and around the street for long time and mosquitoes are using the water for multiplying in that place. We request you to connect this 5th street of venkateshwara nagar with 3 rd cross street or 3rd street drainage to avoid dengu, flu and other diseases or other remedies to solve this issue immediately. Thank you. Grievance Address Plot No 40 Door NoF8, Venkateshwara Nagar 5th Street, IOB bank, POZHICHALUR, PALLAVARAM TALUK, Kancheepuram – 600074, TAMILNADU . Grievance Category BASIC AMENITIES – DRAINAGE/SANITARY FACILITY Petition Status Accepted Forwarded to District KANCHEEPURAM Concerned Officer DISTRICT OFFICERS – DISTRICT COLLECTOR Reply மனுதாரரின் கோரிக்கை ஏற்கப்படுகிறது. மனுதாரர் கோரிக்கையின்படி பொழிச்சலூர் ஊராட்சி செயலர் மற்றும் மண்டல துணை வட்டார வளர்ச்சி அலுவலர் அவர்கள் மூலமாக 07.01.2019 அன்று நேரடியாக களஆய்வு மேற்கொள்ளப்பட்டது. மனுதாரர் குறிப்பிட்டுள்ள வெங்கடேஸ்வரா 5வது தெருவிலிருந்து வெங்கடேஸ்வரா 3வதுகுறுக்குத்தெரு பகுதிக்கு வரும் நிதியாண்டில் ஊராட்சிக்கு போதிய நிதியாதாரம் வரப்பெற்றவுடன் கால்வாய் கட்டி முடிக்கப்பட்டு, இணைப்பு கால்வாய் (Disposal Point) அமைக்க நடவடிக்கை மேற்கொள்ளப்படும். வட்டார வளர்ச்சி அலுவலர் (கி.ஊ) புனிததோமையார்மலை ஊராட்சி ஒன்றியம் அவர்களின் ந.க.எண்.2280/2018/பி1. நாள். 11.01.2019ன்படி அனுப்பப்படுகிறது. இதன் விவரம் மனுதாரருக்கும் தெரிவிக்கப்படுகிறது.

Name S.SUDALAI KUMAR Petition No 2019/1052836/BF Petition Date 10/12/2019 Address Plot No 40 Door NoF8, Venkateshwara Nagar 5th Street, IOB bank, POZHICHALUR, Taluk, Kancheepuramm,Tamilnadu – 600074 Grievance Sir/Madam, Requesting you to take action on the petition Grievance Status for registration number : GOVTN/E/2019/04559 submitted in Pg portal. Grievance Address Plot No 40 Door NoF8, Venkateshwara Nagar 5th Street, IOB bank, POZHICHALUR, PALLAVARAM TALUK,Kancheepuramm – 600074, TAMILNADU . Grievance Category COMPLAINTS – PUBLIC COMPLAINTS Petition Status Accepted Forwarded to District CHENGALPATTU Concerned Officer DISTRICT OFFICERS – DISTRICT COLLECTOR Reply மனுதாரரின் கோரிக்கை ஏற்கப்படுகிறது. மனுதாரர் கோரிக்கையின்படி பொழிச்சலூர் ஊராட்சி செயலர் மற்றும் மண்டல துணை வட்டார வளர்ச்சி அலுவலர் ஆகியோர் மூலமாக 23.12.2019 அன்று நேரடியாக களஆய்வு மேற்கொள்ளப்பட்டது. பொழிச்சலூர் ஊராட்சியில் வெங்கடேஸ்வரா நகர் 5வது தெருவில் நெடுஞ்சாலைத்துறை மூலம் தற்போது மழைநீர்க் கால்வாய் அமைக்கும் பணி நடைபெற்று வருகிறது. வட்டார வளர்ச்சி அலுவலர் (கி.ஊ) புனிததோமையார்மலை ஊராட்சி ஒன்றியம் அவர்களின் கடித ந.க.எண். 137/2020/பி1 நாள் 11.02.2020ன்படி மனுதாரருக்கு தகவல் தெரிவிக்கப்படுகிறது

Details for registration number : GOVTN/E/2019/04559 Name Of Complainant Sudalai Kumar Date of Receipt 10/12/2019 Received By Ministry/Department Tamil Nadu Grievance Description To Inspector General of Registration 100, Santhome High Road, Pattinapakkam. Chennai. I observed some of the activities in my apartment about the domination of big flat owners on small flat owners. The problem is the small flat owners are not able to face the issues due to the the corruption in judicial and police departments. The economically rich fellows can influence the police, lawyers and judges with money and suppress the small flat owners. The justice may be denied and delayed for their whole life period. Now if we see the number of apartments in cities like chennai and others in India it is exceeding more than lakhs in numbers. The lakhs of apartments are running with domination of big flat owners and there is no proper rule to solve the issues of small flat owners in the country due to the corruption in government department. The rules are also made for the favor of big flat owners and rich person in the apartment. No government department will care about the livelihood of these small flat owner in the country. The apartmental act and society act were not covering the issues for the middle class and poor owners having flats in the apartment. The issues and activities of big flat owners are 1. No registration of their association under society and apartment act under indian rule of law for more than 2 years. They are collecting more than Rs 12,000 pm for maintenance of apartment.2. No proper auditing of expenditures and other transaction of money carried out for maintenance of apartment.3. No common rules and equal regulation for occupiers in their own flat and rented flat. Unnecessary collection of money for functions and forcing small flat owners t participate and misbehave with them.4. Collecting equal money for the maintenance of whole apartment without considering the square feet of flats and members of the family occupying flat owned by small flat and big flat owners,Here the investment and profit is high for big flat owners but the expenditure is same for both small and big flat owners.5. Threatening the small flat owners for auditing bills and inspection of money transactions. Threatening and cornering the small flat owners in association meeting for asking the reforms in unregistered association and maintenance cost.6. Filling fake cases on small flat owners with the help of corrupted police officers for asking clarification in the meeting of all flat owners.7. Big flat owners are occupying the common areas of apartment and quarreling with small flat owners and sometime occupying the parking area of small flat owners without their permission.8. Big flat owners are threatening and creating shocking to the other flat owner for their need of more facilities by spreading rumors like theft of petrol by thief in night without informing police. 9. Insisting and forcing the other flat owners to give bribe money for facilities from government and involving others also in bribing government officials for water facility. Collected more than Rs.10000 for bribery. No receipt and acknowledgment for collecting money for maintenance and bribing government authorities. 10. Rules are only framed by the big flat owners for small flat owners and suggestions from small flat owners are not taken by them. Suggestion are restricted by filling fake cases and useless threatening words on small flat owners. Sometimes nuisance also caused by them in neighbors. Therefore I request you to consider the small flat owners for relaxing the maintenance cost of the apartment and direct the local police stations to follow the law and order. The police officers are the main culprits in these criminal action of big flat owners on small flat owners for the threatening, spreading shocking rumors, misbehavior in meeting and refusing the common rules and regulations. Those small flat owners are not coming forward to complain because corruption in all the government department and adjusting with the criminal behavior and looting their money. Current Status Under process Date of Action 09/01/2020 Remarks ஏ􀂂க􀁾ப􀁹ட

—

Best Regards,

Dr. S. Sudalai Kumar M.Sc.,Ph.D.,

Chemist, Chemical Analysis Wing

Department of Geology and Mining

(Government of Tamilnadu)

TVK Industrial Estate

Guindy, Chennai-32

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dr_Sudalai_Kumar_S/contributions

எண்ணித் துணிக கருமம் துணிந்தபின் எண்ணுவம் என்பது இழுக்கு.

Mahesh Pratap Singh Yogi M P Singh <[email protected]>

Quality of CM cell-Role of police is only in closing the case but not doing it as per IPC sections for two abortions, goons attack, dacoity of properties and police SI attack on me. Genuine complaints of victims are challenged by fake complaints of criminals and police escape the real culprits 1 message

Sudalai Kumar <[email protected]> 24 February 2020 at 12:01

To: [email protected], [email protected], Bala <[email protected]>, Mahesh Pratap Singh Yogi M P Singh <[email protected]>, b <[email protected]>, [email protected]

Name S.SUDALAI KUMAR Petition No 2018/966761/SE Petition Date 26/09/2018 Address Plot No 40 Door NoF8, Venkateshwara Nagar 5th Street, IOB bank, POZHICHALUR, Taluk, Kancheepuramm,Tamilnadu – 600074 Grievance Sir/Madam, I appeared in all women police station, samathanapuram, palayamkottai for the fake case of dowry even without appearance notice on 25-09-18. My mother has appeared on 22-09-18 without any notice on behalf of me. The police enquired the case on 25-09-18 and said it is a family issue between husband and wife as my wife Mrs. Perachi Selvi performed again the abortion even after filing case TLS1856992 in Nanguneri police station for stopping illegal abortion. She was not willing to live with me on my request and counselor request on 25-09-18. The police decided that it has to be solved in hon’ble court by mutual divorce as we both have difference of opinion in marriage life. We accepted the decision taken by the lady police officers and approach soon the hon’ble court for mutual divorce. The other decision is that my wife’s family will come to my home in Chennai to collect their marriage gifts presented by the their relatives. The woman SI is fixed the two dates on 06-10-18 and 07-10-18 for their arrival to collect the materials in Chennai. I accepted their decision and asked them for the returning of my items from my wife side. The materials in my wife side are 1. Cell phone stolen by Mr. Lakshmanan (BAS1814795), 2. Gold 916 Thaali chain 33g, 3. Gold Thaali 3.7g, 4. Gold 916 ring 4g presented to her brother, 5. Coat, 6. My jathagam 2 nos. I requested the police officers in all woman police station palayamkottai to return these materials also on the same dates or before in Chennai and they accepted. My wife family may create violence while coming to collect the materials and my neighbors are also scared of any nuisance during the exchange of materials. I request now the All women police station in samathanapuram or Sankar Nagar S6 police station in pammal to give protection and avoid violence on those two dates. If they come through court order to collect the materials it would avoid any kind violence and faking of gold materials. Grievance Address Plot No 40 Door NoF8, Venkateshwara Nagar 5th Street, IOB bank, POZHICHALUR, PALLAVARAM TALUK, Kancheepuram – 600074, TAMILNADU . Grievance Category POLICE – PROTECTION REQUESTED Petition Status Accepted Concerned Officer HOME – JC,SOUTH Reply ஏற்கப்பட்டது ஆர்-6 காவல் ஆய்வாளர் 22.11.18 அன்று விசாரணையில் மனுதாரர் புகார் சம்மந்தமாக திருநெல்வேலி மாவட்டம் சமாதானபுரம் அனைத்து மகளிர் காவல் நிலையத்தில் இருதரப்பினரையும் அழைத்து விசாரணைசெய்து நீதிமன்றம் மூலம் பரஸ்பரம் விவாகரத்து பெற்றுக்கொள்ளுமாறு அறிவுறுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளது மேலும்திருமணத்தின்போது மனுதாரருக்கு எதிர்மனுதாரர் வீட்டில்வழங்கப்பட்ட பரிசுபொருட்களை ஒப்படைக்கஅறிவுறுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளது மனுதாரர் தனது குடும்ப பிரச்சனையை குடும்பநல நீதிமன்றம் மூலம் தீர்த்துகொள்வதாக வாய்மொழியாக கூறியதின்பேரில் இம்மனு ஆய்வாளர்அறிக்கையின்படி கோர்வைசெய்யப்பட்டது.RCNO:PGII/SZ/455/28822/18 NO:1038/DC-STM/18 DT:26.11.18

Name S.SUDALAI KUMAR Petition No 2018/966759/PL Petition Date 26/09/2018 Address Plot No 40 Door NoF8, Venkateshwara Nagar 5th Street, IOB bank, POZHICHALUR, Taluk, Kancheepuramm,Tamilnadu – 600074 Grievance Sir/Madam, I appeared in all women police station, samathanapuram, palayamkottai for the fake case of dowry even without appearance notice on 25-09-18. My mother has appeared on 22-09-18 without any notice on behalf of me. The police enquired the case on 25-09-18 and said it is a family issue between husband and wife as my wife Mrs. Perachi Selvi performed again the abortion even after filing case TLS1856992 in Nanguneri police station for stopping illegal abortion. She was not willing to live with me on my request and counselor request on 25-09-18. The police decided that it has to be solved in hon’ble court by mutual divorce as we both have difference of opinion in marriage life. We accepted the decision taken by the lady police officers and approach soon the hon’ble court for mutual divorce. The other decision is that my wife’s family will come to my home in Chennai to collect their marriage gifts presented by the their relatives. The woman SI is fixed the two dates on 06-10-18 and 07-10-18 for their arrival to collect the materials in Chennai. I accepted their decision and asked them for the returning of my items from my wife side. The materials in my wife side are 1. Cell phone stolen by Mr. Lakshmanan (BAS1814795), 2. Gold 916 Thaali chain 33g, 3. Gold Thaali 3.7g, 4. Gold 916 ring 4g presented to her brother, 5. Coat, 6. My jathagam 2 nos. I requested the police officers in all woman police station palayamkottai to return these materials also on the same dates or before in Chennai and they accepted. My wife family may create violence while coming to collect the materials and my neighbors are also scared of any nuisance during the exchange of materials. I request now the All women police station in samathanapuram or Sankar Nagar S6 police station in pammal to give protection and avoid violence on those two dates. If they come through court order to collect the materials it would avoid any kind violence and faking of gold materials. Grievance Address Plot No 40 Door NoF8, Venkateshwara Nagar 5th Street, IOB bank, POZHICHALUR, PALLAVARAM TALUK, Kancheepuram – 627006, TAMILNADU . Grievance Category POLICE – PROTECTION REQUESTED Petition Status Accepted Concerned Officer HOME – JC,SOUTH Reply ஏற்கப்பட்டது ஆர்-6 காவல் ஆய்வாளர் 22.11.18 அன்று விசாரணையில் மனுதாரர் புகார் சம்மந்தமாக திருநெல்வேலி மாவட்டம் சமாதானபுரம் அனைத்து மகளிர் காவல் நிலையத்தில் இருதரப்பினரையும் அழைத்து விசாரணைசெய்து நீதிமன்றம் மூலம் பரஸ்பரம் விவாகரத்து பெற்றுக்கொள்ளுமாறு அறிவுறுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளது மேலும்திருமணத்தின்போது மனுதாரருக்கு எதிர்மனுதாரர் வீட்டில்வழங்கப்பட்ட பரிசுபொருட்களை ஒப்படைக்கஅறிவுறுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளது மனுதாரர் தனது குடும்ப பிரச்சனையை குடும்பநல நீதிமன்றம் மூலம் தீர்த்துகொள்வதாக வாய்மொழியாக கூறியதின்பேரில் இம்மனு ஆய்வாளர்அறிக்கையின்படி கோர்வைசெய்யப்பட்டது.RCNO:PGII/SZ/456/28823/18 NO:1039/DC-STM/18 DT:07.12.18

Name S.SUDALAI KUMAR Petition No 2018/966758/KC Petition Date 26/09/2018 Address Plot No 40 Door NoF8, Venkateshwara Nagar 5th Street, IOB bank, POZHICHALUR, Taluk, Kancheepuramm,Tamilnadu – 600074 Grievance Sir/Madam, I appeared in all women police station, samathanapuram, palayamkottai for the fake case of dowry even without appearance notice on 25-09-18. My mother has appeared on 22-09-18 without any notice on behalf of me. The police enquired the case on 25-09-18 and said it is a family issue between husband and wife as my wife Mrs. Perachi Selvi performed again the abortion even after filing case TLS1856992 in Nanguneri police station for stopping illegal abortion. She was not willing to live with me on my request and counselor request on 25-09-18. The police decided that it has to be solved in hon’ble court by mutual divorce as we both have difference of opinion in marriage life. We accepted the decision taken by the lady police officers and approach soon the hon’ble court for mutual divorce. The other decision is that my wife’s family will come to my home in Chennai to collect their marriage gifts presented by the their relatives. The woman SI is fixed the two dates on 06-10-18 and 07-10-18 for their arrival to collect the materials in Chennai. I accepted their decision and asked them for the returning of my items from my wife side. The materials in my wife side are 1. Cell phone stolen by Mr. Lakshmanan (BAS1814795), 2. Gold 916 Thaali chain 33g, 3. Gold Thaali 3.7g, 4. Gold 916 ring 4g presented to her brother, 5. Coat, 6. My jathagam 2 nos. I requested the police officers in all woman police station palayamkottai to return these materials also on the same dates or before in Chennai and they accepted. My wife family may create violence while coming to collect the materials and my neighbors are also scared of any nuisance during the exchange of materials. I request now the All women police station in samathanapuram or Sankar Nagar S6 police station in pammal to give protection and avoid violence on those two dates. If they come through court order to collect the materials it would avoid any kind violence and faking of gold materials. Grievance Address Plot No 40 Door NoF8, Venkateshwara Nagar 5th Street, IOB bank, POZHICHALUR, PALLAVARAM TALUK, Kancheepuram – 627006, TAMILNADU . Grievance Category POLICE – PUBLIC COMPLAINTS Petition Status Accepted Concerned Officer HOME – JC,SOUTH Reply ஏற்கப்பட்டது ஆர்-6 காவல் ஆய்வாளர் 22.11.18 அன்று விசாரணையில் மனுதாரர் புகார் சம்மந்தமாக திருநெல்வேலி மாவட்டம் சமாதானபுரம் அனைத்து மகளிர் காவல் நிலையத்தில் இருதரப்பினரையும் அழைத்து விசாரணைசெய்து நீதிமன்றம் மூலம் பரஸ்பரம் விவாகரத்து பெற்றுக்கொள்ளுமாறு அறிவுறுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளது மேலும்திருமணத்தின்போது மனுதாரருக்கு எதிர்மனுதாரர் வீட்டில்வழங்கப்பட்ட பரிசுபொருட்களை ஒப்படைக்கஅறிவுறுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளது மனுதாரர் தனது குடும்ப பிரச்சனையை குடும்பநல நீதிமன்றம் மூலம் தீர்த்துகொள்வதாக வாய்மொழியாக கூறியதின்பேரில் இம்மனு ஆய்வாளர்அறிக்கையின்படி கோர்வைசெய்யப்பட்டது.RCNO:PGII/SZ/455/28822/18 NO:1038/DC-STM/18 DT:05.12.18

Name S.SUDALAI KUMAR Petition No 2018/961668/SQ Petition Date 25/08/2018 Address Plot No 40 Door NoF8, Venkateshwara Nagar 5th Street, IOB bank, POZHICHALUR, Taluk, Kancheepuramm,Tamilnadu – 600074 Grievance , I have filed the complaint TLS1856992 in Nanguneri police station for the kidnap and fight happened between my mother and my wife side in home at my native place pattarpuram. Police enquired the case on 22-07-18 and made an compromise between two families. It is failed and But my wife side was not interested to join with me on my request and SI Mr. Sajeev request. Now my wife family has gone today to women police station Tirunelveli district and given complaint again by disturbing me to appear for the case. Already I appeared in women police station at Chennai for the fake case of dowry and domestic violence in the month of February and March 2018. Finally my wife has accepted that it is a fake case and used for blackmailing me. By this blackmailing me they have withdrawn the murder attempt RAS1818447 by her relatives and goons on me. That fake case of dowry is also closed by her. Now after this TLS1856992 case by me at Nanguneri my wife have gone to women police station at Tirunelveli again to blackmailing me. My wife family is playing with police stations and law and order issues to control me and escaping from crime by women police station. Already they visited my office at Chennai to cause mental cruelty by compalint to my officials. Like this way they always cause mental cruelty by women police station, goons and violence in Chennai and Pattarpuram. I request you to stop this and find my mobile phone also stolen by them. No action has taken by police office in Chennai and nellai. Grievance Address 166/231 Main road,Near Eenan koil bridge,Pattarpuram,???????????,??????????,Tirunelveli-627108,Tamilnadu Grievance Category POLICE – DOWRY DEATH / DESERTION / SEEK Petition Status Rejected Concerned Officer DISTRICT OFFICERS – SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE Reply இம்மனு மீது காவல் ஆய்வாளா் நான்குநொி 18.09.18 ம் தேதி விசாரணை செய்த��ில் மனுதாரா் மற்றும் எதிா்மனுதாரா்களுக்கு சம்மன் அனுப்பியும் விசாரணைக்கு ஆஜராகாமல் இருந்து வருகின்றனா். மேலும் கணவன் மனைவிக்குள் உள்ள குடும்ப பிரச்சனை என்பதாலும் இருதரப்பினரும் விசாரணைக்கு ஒத்துழைக்காமல் இருந்து வருவதால் இம்மனு முடிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. SP/TIN G4/974/53025/18, dt. 22.09.18.

Name S.SUDALAI KUMAR Petition No 2018/947410/FF Petition Date 08/05/2018 Address Plot No 40 Door NoF8, Venkateshwara Nagar 5th Street, IOB bank, POZHICHALUR, Taluk, Kancheepuramm,Tamilnadu – 600074 Grievance The details of the persons involved in sudden attack and attempt to murder on me in my flat at POLICHALUR on 4th February 2018. 1 MR E LATCHUMANAN, TAMILNADU FIRE AND RESCUE SERVICES PAVENDAR SALAI MARAIMALAINAGAR CHENNAI 603209 Mobile no 8870632427 2 HIS FATHER ETHIRAJA PERUMAL ADDRESS NOT KNOWN 3 UNIDENTIFIED PERSON 4 UNIDENTIFIED PERSON 5 UNIDENTIFIED PERSON ATTACKED ME BRUTALLY IN MY HOUSE AND TRIED MURDER ATTEMPT ON ME. TWO PERSONS BEHIND THIS ATTACK ARE 1 MR L ATHI NARAYANAN DRIVER TWAD BOARD SIVALAPERI ROAD SHANTHI NAGAR TIRUNELVELI 627002 Mobile no 8610057349 9488070622 2 MR P PALANISAMY CASHIER LIC RAILWAY STATION ROAD PALLIVASAL CHERANMAHADEVI TIRUNELVELI 627 414 Mobile no 9443080269 9442931414 This case is not even investigated so far. Please investigate this case and identify the criminals involved in this case. I would like to cooperate when both parties called for enquiry. Mr Baladurai police officer in polichalur police booth may know the incident. The unidentified persons attacked me and used bad words on me and my family. Please take stringent action. Thank you so much Dr Sudalai Kumar DGM govt of Tamilnadu Chennai. Grievance Address PlotNo 40 DoorNo F8,Venkateshwara Nagar 5th street,Viman Nagar,???????????,?????????,Kancheepuram-600075,Tamilnadu Grievance Category POLICE – PUBLIC COMPLAINTS Petition Status Accepted Concerned Officer HOME – JC,SOUTH Reply ஏற்கப்பட்டது எஸ்-6 காவல் ஆய்வாளர் 26.06.18 அன்று விசாரணையில் மனுதாரர் தனக்கும் தனது மனைவிக்கும் இடையே உள்ள பிரச்சனை காரணமாக பிப்ரவரி மாதம் 3ம்தேதி தனது மாமனாரும் மைத்துனர்கள் அடையாளம் தெரியாத நபர்கள் வீட்டினுள் நுழைந்த தகராறு செய்ததாகவும் பின்னர் எதிர்மனுதாரர்களான மனுதாரரின் மாமா மற்றும் மனைவியின் தம்பி ஆகியோர் பெரியவர்கள் முன்னிலையில் மன்னிப்பு கேட்டு கொண்டதின் பேரில் தான்கொடுத்த புகார்மனுமீது மேல்நடவடிக்கை தேவையில்லை என மனுதாரர் எழுத்து மூலம் தெரிவித்துள்ளதன்பேரில் இம்மனு கோர்வைசெய்யப்பட்டது.RCNO:PGII/SZ/150/18227/18 NO:652/DC-STM/18 DT:20.08.18

Name S.SUDALAI KUMAR Petition No 2018/947409/AQ Petition Date 08/05/2018 Address Plot No 40 Door NoF8, Venkateshwara Nagar 5th Street, IOB bank, POZHICHALUR, Taluk, Kancheepuramm,Tamilnadu – 600074 Grievance The details of the persons involved in sudden attack and attempt to murder on me in my flat at POLICHALUR on 4th February 2018. 1 MR E LATCHUMANAN, TAMILNADU FIRE AND RESCUE SERVICES PAVENDAR SALAI MARAIMALAINAGAR CHENNAI 603209 Mobile no 8870632427 2 HIS FATHER ETHIRAJA PERUMAL ADDRESS NOT KNOWN 3 UNIDENTIFIED PERSON 4 UNIDENTIFIED PERSON 5 UNIDENTIFIED PERSON ATTACKED ME BRUTALLY IN MY HOUSE AND TRIED MURDER ATTEMPT ON ME. TWO PERSONS BEHIND THIS ATTACK ARE 1 MR L ATHI NARAYANAN DRIVER TWAD BOARD SIVALAPERI ROAD SHANTHI NAGAR TIRUNELVELI 627002 Mobile no 8610057349 9488070622 2 MR P PALANISAMY CASHIER LIC RAILWAY STATION ROAD PALLIVASAL CHERANMAHADEVI TIRUNELVELI 627 414 Mobile no 9443080269 9442931414 This case is not even investigated so far. Please investigate this case and identify the criminals involved in this case. I would like to cooperate when both parties called for enquiry. Mr Baladurai police officer in polichalur police booth may know the incident. The unidentified persons attacked me and used bad words on me and my family. Please take stringent action. Thank you so much Dr Sudalai Kumar DGM govt of Tamilnadu Chennai. Grievance Address Grievance Category POLICE – PUBLIC COMPLAINTS Petition Status Accepted Concerned Officer HOME – JC,SOUTH Reply ஏற்கப்பட்டது எஸ்-6 காவல் ஆய்வாளர் 26.06.18 அன்று விசாரணையில் மனுதாரர் தனக்கும் தனது மனைவிக்கும் இடையே உள்ள பிரச்சனை காரணமாக பிப்ரவரி மாதம் 3ம்தேதி தனது மாமனாரும் மைத்துனர்கள் அடையாளம் தெரியாத நபர்கள் வீட்டினுள் நுழைந்த தகராறு செய்ததாகவும் பின்னர் எதிர்மனுதாரர்களான மனுதாரரின் மாமா மற்றும் மனைவியின் தம்பி ஆகியோர் பெரியவர்கள் முன்னிலையில் மன்னிப்பு கேட்டு கொண்டதின் பேரில் தான்கொடுத்த புகார்மனுமீது மேல்நடவடிக்கை தேவையில்லை என மனுதாரர் எழுத்து மூலம் தெரிவித்துள்ளதன்பேரில் இம்மனு கோர்வைசெய்யப்பட்டது.RCNO:PGII/SZ/248/18228/18 NO:653/DC-STM/18 DT:20.08.18

—

Best Regards,

Dr. S. Sudalai Kumar M.Sc.,Ph.D.,

Chemist, Chemical Analysis Wing

Department of Geology and Mining

(Government of Tamilnadu)

TVK Industrial Estate

Guindy, Chennai-32

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dr_Sudalai_Kumar_S/contributions

எண்ணித் துணிக கருமம் துணிந்தபின் எண்ணுவம் என்பது இழுக்கு.

Sudalai Kumar <[email protected]> 24 February 2020 at 15:48

To: [email protected], Bala <[email protected]>, Mahesh Pratap Singh Yogi M P Singh <[email protected]>, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

CITIZEN – COMPLAINT STATUS

Complaint ID : MNS20016760 Status : Under Process

Complainant Name : SUDALAI KUMAR S Date of Complaint : 14-02-2020 07:51 AM Subject : Damaging Property Forwarded To : ST.THOMAS MOUNT – WebCell Presently at History : SANKAR NAGAR – ST.THOMAS MOUNT

[Quoted text hidden]

Government is providing enough salary to public staffs, then why integrity is under cloud? Mahesh Pratap Singh Yogi M P Singh <[email protected]> Subsistence allowance and full salary request for the suspension of chemist Dr.

#Anarchy #Arbitrariness #Tamil Nadu

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jewish-privilege · 5 years

Link

Gratitude—hakarat hatov—is a cardinal Jewish precept. The first words that many Jews recite each morning are the prayer, Modeh Ani (“I thank”). So one might expect Jews to revere someone who rescued thousands of their brethren during the Holocaust. But while Jews honor heroes like Oskar Schindler and Raoul Wallenberg, the name of Carl Lutz (1895-1975) is virtually unknown.

Charlotte Schallié, a German professor at the University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, and Agnes Hirschi, Carl Lutz’s stepdaughter, aim to rectify Lutz’s obscurity with their insightful book, Under Swiss Protection: Jewish Eyewitness Accounts from Wartime Budapest, originally published in German.

Lutz, the Swiss Vice Consul in Hungary during the Nazi occupation, rescued Hirschi, along with her mother, Magda. In 1949, Lutz divorced his first wife and married Magda.

Schallié and Hirschi undertook the monumental task of interviewing 36 survivors around the world—almost half in Israel and one-fourth in the United States—who were rescued by Carl Lutz...

In selecting 36 subjects, the editors were unaware of a striking coincidence: Chai, the Hebrew letters that represent the number eighteen, means “life,” and 36 equals “double chai.”

The son of a stonemason, who died when Carl was fourteen, Lutz displayed remarkable initiative. In 1913, at age 18, he left Switzerland and immigrated to the United States by himself. To earn money for college, he worked in a factory, an office and eventually, at the Swiss Legation in Washington, DC. In 1924, he graduated from George Washington University with a B.A. in law and history.

The Swiss legate recommended Lutz to the ministry in Bern. Following several assignments in the United States, Lutz was posted to Palestine in 1935. While there, he witnessed the lynching of an unarmed Jewish worker by an Arab mob. Lutz felt powerless to intervene, for fear of being lynched himself. This brutal attack helped crystalize his empathy for the Jewish victims of genocide in Europe.

Carl Lutz was promoted to vice-consul in Budapest in 1942-1944. In that capacity, he displayed the same resourcefulness as in his teenage years.

In one interview, survivor Alexander Schlesinger relates how he was conscripted for a labor brigade, digging ditches. Being without food for several days, he and a friend dug up a few carrots from a field. The Nazi soldiers overseeing the brigade seized them for “stealing” and ordered them to dig their own graves. Miraculously, Carl Lutz arrived in a car bearing the insignia of the Swiss flag and saved them from imminent death.

To implement his rescue operation, Lutz placed the Hungarian branch of the Jewish Agency under Swiss protection. He also created “safe houses.” The Glass House, headquarters of 76 Swiss safe houses established by Lutz, was a converted glass factory in Budapest. It became an annex of the Swiss Embassy and a center for producing forged documents. At one time, it housed 25,000 Jews. It is now a museum.

Many survivors interviewed for the book mention the Schutzpasse (safe conduct passes) that Lutz devised for the persecuted Jews. He applied for 8,000 passes, but circumvented that limit by treating them as passes for families, rather than individuals, and by repeatedly reissuing new passes, always numbered between 1 and 8,000.

These techniques enabled Lutz to provide Schutzpasse to at least 62,000 Jews. This figure—the largest and most successful rescue operation of Jews during World War II—roughly equals the population of Utica, New York, Daytona Beach, Florida or Nazareth, Israel.

Oskar Schindler, by contrast, rescued two percent of that total, or 1,200 Jews...

Charlotte Schallié explains that Lutz remains largely unrecognized, even today, because of his unassuming nature. He maintained such a low profile that most of those whom he rescued never saw him or heard his name. Paul Fabry, a member of the Resistance, points out, “It was actually the luck of the whole movement that Lutz was not known…If Lutz had been as well known as…Wallenberg, he would have been arrested and taken away in the same fashion.”

Yet Lutz’ anonymity has a more sinister aspect, discussed in a biography by Theo Tschuy. After the war, instead of bestowing some recognition for Lutz’ valiant sacrifice, the Swiss government subjected him to a judicial investigation and a reprimand for exceeding his authority in his rescue efforts. This treatment deeply hurt Lutz, economically as well as emotionally.

...For almost 50 years, Switzerland suppressed any acknowledgement of Lutz’ noble deeds. Despite this travesty, the Swiss Parliament recognized Lutz in 1957. In 1995, Switzerland apologized for its decades of neglect. But for Lutz, the apology arrived 20 years too late; he had died in 1975.

In 1964, Yad Vashem cited Lutz as one of its first Righteous Among the Nations. He was also nominated three times for the Nobel Peace Prize.

Lutz epitomizes the teachings from Pirkeh Avos (Ethics of the Fathers): “Emor me’at ve’aseh harbeh” (“Say little and do much”) and “He who saves a single life, saves the world entire.” With their moving portrayals, Schallié and Hirschi demonstrate that Carl Lutz accomplished more, with less fanfare, than any other Holocaust rescuer...

#holocaust #carl lutz #righteous gentiles #switzerland #he got investigated for saving too many jews #amazing

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shestranged · 6 years

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Bellatrix Hecate Lestrange // the devil shudders as she rises ( she’s taking aim for his throne )

She grew up wanting to break things —- toys and hearts and bones and people. Her father indulged her, quietly forming her into the woman that she is today, a weapon, a beast. Someone who finds peace in the destruction, in the chaos, in the violence. People say that she came out a little wrong - something unhinged about her persona already as a child. Those jet black eyes, waiting to devour you. Sharp teeth pulling into a Cheshire cat grin before she could even speak. As she grew older, she became more adept at hiding her… faults, slowly learning how to suppress her anger, her hatred. Instead growing colder, burning less hot ( a ticking time bomb in the making ). But then she met him. And at his side, she became so much worse. As his right hand, she tapped into unimaginable powers, but it all came at an equally unimaginable price. With him, she became less human, more vile. At his side, all she wanted to see was the streets run red with blood.

what up i’m liz, i’m twenty one and i’m here to bring u my favorite villain and chaotic badass, bellatrix lestrange !! this will be a bit long probably bc i could talk about her 5ever. most important parts to read probably are #hogwarts years, #after hogwarts and #personality stuff !!

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name: bellatrix hecate lestrange occupation: senior obliviator former house: slytherin date of birth: december 23. age: 32

BIRTH AND EARLY YEARS:

Let’s set the scene --- it’s a cold December night, right before Christmas, and the Black mansion is shaken by blood curdling screams. It’s the kind that leaves you breathless, shivers running down your spine, leaving you with the sense that something is very, very wrong. Which, Druella Black fears that it very well might be ---- because her (expected) son is four weeks early.

The birth process is excruciatingly long and difficult for poor, poor Druella, but when the clock strikes eleven on the night before Christmas, a girl comes crashing into the world. She’s not what they expect, nor what they want, and she never cries --- instead, she just watches them with those big black eyes that always seem to be appraising something.

Though Bellatrix’s birth was mostly an unwelcome surprise ( she came too early, and it was no secret that her parents had hoped for a boy ), she was also the first child to carry on the Black legacy, which was an honor. A necessity.

As a baby, she was small and meager. Nurses whispered about the Black baby that could barely muster a scream, that seemed so frail. Like she might break at any second. But that memory would soon fade and be replaced by a much more unpleasant one - because Bellatrix’s bones hardened, her skin thickened, her eyes grew meaner. Within a few years, any trace of that soft baby was gone, and instead, a cruel toddler took her place.

As a child, Bella was vicious. Biting, clawing, screaming and cursing were things she picked up fast, and she’d terrorize the other kids at the playground ( with an almost scary aim for her muggle born / half blood peers ).

Once she reached the age of seven, she calmed down a bit, and instead started following her father around ( and was lovingly referred to as his ‘little shadow’ ). Eager to prove herself, she learned everything that a son of Cygnus would have learnt. She was determined to show her father that being a girl would not stop her from becoming worthy of the Black throne, to carry his name with pride. Over the years of her childhood and adolescence, Bellatrix forged herself into the golden girl, a respectable heir in the making. Desperate to wear the crown.

Under her father’s influence, uncontrollable rage was switched in for an eerie quietness, anger instead boiling right below the surface, just waiting to be unleashed. She was so eager to please, to sculpt herself into whatever he wanted, so she suppressed her emotions the best she could, even though it never felt natural. And so, the nurses whispered again, but this time, it was about her sweet, sweet smile, matched with those mean, mean eyes. ‘Doesn’t it look distorted? Like that damn Cheshire cat. Something’s not right about that girl, I’m telling you. She came out wrong’.

Behind closed doors, Cygnus also encouraged Bella’s darker side. Introduced her to the dark arts and the chaos that she would later come to love so desperately.

Most of her childhood was characterized by harsh words, strict rules and high expectations. Her family’s reputation weighed heavy on her shoulders, constantly pressuring her to excel. Luckily, she shared her parents’ ambition and values, and had no problems conforming to their rule. Which also meant that she could get away with much else. As long as she remained the golden girl, Bellatrix could run wild and free.

HOGWARTS YEARS:

Bellatrix had been duly prepped before arriving at Hogwarts. She was the first of their children to walk the halls, so it was important to both Druella and Cygnus that Bellatrix knew how to behave. Who to fraternize with. Who to avoid. Who was worthy of her time. Her parents had also made sure that she already had the appropriate friends — and play dates with other pureblood kids were a common occurrence when Bellatrix was younger.

At school, Bellatrix was popular ---- the resident cool girl. The type of girl that hardly ever objects to anything, because she is always down to have a good time. The type of girl that loves Quidditch, dirty jokes and cheap beer. The type of girl that hides her true colors, at least for a while. Until she explodes.

So Bella kept out of trouble, for the most part. There were a couple.... incidents, with muggleborns. One or two may have been turned into rats and toads ( under the guise of it being a joke --- can’t you take a joke, come on now? ). More serious things have been strictly forgotten by everyone involved. Powerful parents will do the trick. Mostly though, Bellatrix kept to her fellow Slytherins... biding her time. Waiting to strike.

She played for the Slytherin Quidditch team, as a beater, and was eventually made captain ( nothing less for a child of Cygnus, she must excel ). During her time on the team, she was notorious for her cruel playing style, her foul tricks, the constant smirk on her lips as other players fell to the ground.

And during her sixth year, she was eventually recruited into the Death Eaters. And with them, she found a second home, quickly rising through the ranks.

AFTER HOGWARTS:

After graduating from Hogwarts, Bellatrix took a year off from her studies. The official reason was that she needed to “find herself”. Whatever the fuck that meant. Obviously, it was a lie to hide what she was really up to. In reality, Bellatrix was at Voldemort’s side, learning leglilimency and occlumency, all the while developing her dark magic and her shitty personality.

Quickly became Voldemort’s personal attack dog, always willing to do his bidding, no questions asked.

At the age of nineteen, Bellatrix found work as an obliviator. Though the choice had ultimately been hers to make, the dark lord was always whispering in her ear, encouraging her to infiltrate the ministry. The goal was to have sleeper agents of death eaters in every department once it was time to go to war. It also helped that becoming an oblivator just made sense — fucking with the minds of muggles could already be counted as a hobby (albeit a twisted one), and she had always been good at taking things that didn’t belong to her… Memories would be no different.

Will occasionally throw pureblood galas, but isn’t too invested in them. They’re just for show, and she couldn’t care less.

Among the Death Eaters, Bellatrix is in the inner circle. She considers herself the dark lord’s right hand, and prides herself on being his most loyal servant.

Bellatrix also has a pet snake, lovingly named Medusa.

Today, Bellatrix works as a senior obliviator at the ministry of magic. She handles a lot of paper work, but is also out in the field a lot.

PERSONALITY:

First of all - Bellatrix is a fucking shit show and we all know this.

She is like night and day ----- and her temper switches incredibly quickly, which makes her unpredictable, a little scary. She can go from the girl her family forced her to be - the Socialite, the Sophisticated Woman, the Cool Girl, to something far more sinister in the matter of minutes.

When she’s at her worst, Bellatrix is cruel, sadistic, self righteous, impulsive, angry as hell, deranged, unstable, manipulative, a little bit unhinged, ruthless, playful, childish and absolutely lethal. It’s always brewing right below, so close to the surface, just waiting to come out.

But she’s also calculating, clever, quick on her feet, intensely passionate, fiercely loyal (until she’s... not), adaptable, intuitive and assertive.

Bella often contradicts herself — she has grown up believing that it’s best to be cold and devoid of emotions (#thanks dad), but she’s a highly emotional person by nature. She tries to suppress that as best as she can, but she usually boils over pretty fast. Other emotions are usually translated into anger as well, so that’s fun. I think the best way to describe her is that she’s just fire, always burning hot or cold.

Voldemort’s influence on her is also really important!! His influence poisons her mind, her soul, her heart. The darkness that was already there is amplified, becomes a thousand times worse. Though already a skilled witch, he introduced her to magic she could only have dreamed of --- and that power became corruptive, addictive. For power, Bella would gladly pay the steep price of sacrificing her soul, her humanity.

Bellatrix really does think that she is in the right.

Also probably thinks that she’s better than everyone else at all times. There’s definitively an air of arrogance surrounding her.

Mrs Lestrange thinks that she’s invincible, and likes walking a little too close to the cliff’s edge ( playing with fire ). Will occasionally drop hints that she COULD be a death eater, but never goes too far with it. And if someone suggests that she is one, she acts like that’s absolutely outrageous. How dare you imply that I am affiliated with anything... !

Okay so, I am convinced that Bellatrix doesn’t reach peak evil + instability until after Voldemort’s fall and Azkaban, so I’m really trying to tone her down a bit and give the influence of her upbringing ( + her nature ) a bigger role in the person that she becomes. Hence why she is a little better at hiding her true colors, a little more refined. : ~ ) Though, she’s still the hammer ( doesn’t have the most finesse, mostly just likes getting things done, her technique isn’t exactly intricate, but ALWAYS effective ).

Even if most people probably don’t know that she’s a death eater ( though some probably suspect lbr ), she has a very intimidating presence. That’s her brand. And she still has that Weird Aura about her, like there is something that isn’t quite right, so that could also weird people out.

STYLE / FASHION / APPEARANCE:

Bellatrix has jet black eyes and the hair to match. It falls in soft curls over her shoulders, down her back.

Usually wears dark red lipstick.

She hides her dark mark with a concealment spell while out in public.

Dresses mostly in black. Has to wear clothes that can fit into the muggle world while at work ( since she is often out in the field, interacting with muggles ). While there, she wears a well worn leather jacket ( with shoulder pads, in true 70s style ), and wide, black pants.

Files her nails into long claws, and paints them black.

Is tall. Likes towering over people.

AESTHETICS / VIBES:

black dresses, whispered hexes, broken champagne glasses, the calm before the storm, bullets caught between teeth, a constant paradox, skin stained black and blue, a devilish grin, ‘is that wine or blood on your carpet?’, snakes wrapped around wrists, mean eyes, always running hot and cold, a cheshire cat’s smile, soft laughter as the light leaves your eyes, divine violence, a taste of the approaching revolution / the new world order, quiet desperation, family heirlooms, unwavering loyalty, sudden fits of rage, emerald lockets, double lives, ‘would you still like me with my hands around your neck?’, no conscience, silent promises, taunting you with her very last breath, the hardest of hearts, dried blood on expensive clothes and a quiet conviction that this will all make sense in the end.

CHARACTER INFLUENCES:

amy dunne ( gone girl )

katherine pierce ( tvd )

jamie moriarty ( elementary )

glory / glorificus ( btvs )

villanelle ( killing eve )

jennifer blake ( teen wolf )

klaus mikaelson ( tvd )

kilgrave ( jessica jones )

lilith ( supernatural )

drusilla ( btvs )

cersei lannister ( got )

helena ( orphan black )

faith lehane ( btvs )

mazikeen ( lucifer )

FAVORITE CHARACTER TROPES:

SLASHER SMILE - a smile in anticipation of pain or death // a cheshire cat grin.

THE DRAGON - a monster the hero has to get past to get at the big bad. the top enforcer.

TORTURE TECHNICIAN - takes the heroes and turn them into screaming, shinned shambles.

LADY MACBETH - frequently more crazy than her husband, quite the sociopath, in the business of turning men towards evil.

EVIL WEARS BLACK - duh.

DISSONANT SERENITY - someone smiling gently in the middle of death and carnage, seeming almost enlightened as they slit throats left and right.

THE BERSERKER - throws herself into battle with such reckless abandon, that it seems like she wants to die. never, ever retreats.

THE BARONESS - a female baddie with a chilly disposition and more than a touch of the dominatrix about her.

WICKED CULTURED - evil is intellectual // basically an evil aristocrat.

THE CHESSMASTER - thinking three moves ahead at all times. manipulating, planning, plotting.

DADDY’S LITTLE VILLAIN - shares dark father’s ambitions and cruelty.

BERSERK BUTTON - always ready to fucking snap.

SOFT SPOKEN SADIST - occasionally. a monster who might describe just how horribly she’s going to mangle you, while speaking in a voice that’s anything but monstrous.

DARK ACTION GIRL - likes beating the hero to a bloody pulp. good at it too.

AMBITION IS EVIL - has grand plans. ends justify the means, always.

#YB:intro #snake cw #violence cw #blood cw #death cw

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ruminativerabbi · 3 years

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This Week in Israel

There are two ways to approach this week’s decision by the Supreme Court of Israel regarding conversions to Judaism undertaken by non-Orthodox Jewish groups: as a big deal and as not such a big deal.

The not-such-a-big-deal approach would have to be rooted in a narrow appraisal of what actually happened: the court voted that, with regard to their right to Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return, the Ministry of the Interior does not have the right to distinguish between individuals who convert to Judaism based on the specific rabbinic group that oversaw their conversion…and that this obligation not to discriminate between converts applies even if the conversion in question took place in Israel itself. That last sentence will require some unpacking for at least some, but the underlying idea is simple enough: the Ministry had been obliged by law for decades to respect the conversions of converts from all denominational streams within Judaism if those conversions took place outside Israel. Weirdly, though, this entirely reasonable policy was denied people who convert to Judaism in Israel itself, where the right of the ultra-Orthodox to control those instruments of government that determine matters of personal status—marriage, divorce, Jewishness, etc.—has practically gone without saying since the state was founded seventy-three years ago. On top of that (in the weirdness scale, at least) is the fact that we are, at the end of the day, speaking about only very few people: there aren’t that many non-Jews in Israel who are interested in conversion and the Masorti movement, as the Conservative movement is called in Israel, and the Reform movement together only convert between thirty and forty individuals in a given calendar year. So it’s not like the decision is going to affect a lot of people or alter the fabric of Israeli society in any meaningful way. Why then, the naïve outside observer might wonder, is everybody reacting so strongly to this week’s decision?

It’s a good question. For one thing, the matter has been simmering on the back-burner for a long time. (Click here, e.g., to read a New York Times article from 2005 about the original court case relating to conversions outside of Israel.) But it’s also true that civil rights issues—both as played out in the court of public opinion and as tried in real court—are often so narrow in scope as to sound petty or even unimportant…other than to those who realize the potential implications and ramifications of the decision the public or the court is being challenged to reach. (To cite an American example, it would be missing the point almost entirely to think that all that legal wrangling in the 1960s about desegregating lunch counters or public buses was about luncheonettes and buses, as opposed to being about the larger issues they represented with respect to the civil rights of Black Americans.) And that is, I think, what we have here: a Supreme Court decision that will affect fewer than four dozen people in the course of an average year, but which has ramifications for Israeli society that will extend far beyond the narrow scope of decision itself.

As though they were actors stepping out from the wings to recite the speeches an unseen playwright put in their mouths, the various spokespeople for the various segments of the Israeli population duly appeared in one media-context or another to deliver their pre-assigned soliloquies. The Israeli Chief Rabbinate, a group wholly under the sway of the ultra-Orthodox, was almost sputteringly speechless in its dismay, predicting the imminent collapse of Israeli society if even one single convert to Judaism who hadn’t committed fully to a hareidi lifestyle were ever to be permitted to slip past the gatekeepers. For their part, of course, the spokespeople for Masorti and Reform Judaism were on-line instantly to express their delight. And the largest secular civil rights organizations also spoke uniformly approvingly of the decision. I even noted some actual converts to Judaism putting their two p’rutot in and expressing their gratitude to the court for its decision enabling them to live as they choose in a free country that, at least in theory, has always guaranteed the equality of its citizens before the law.

As is always the case, however, there are several elephants in the room.

The first is that the Supreme Court decision affects the Ministry of the Interior only and requires that it, as a branch of the government, not distinguish arbitrarily between individuals based on data deemed by the court to be extraneous to the adjudication of their situations. What that means practically is that the Supreme Court decision does not oblige the Rabbinate itself to consider converts outside of Orthodoxy as valid Jewish people—and in a county where there is no such thing as civil marriage and Jews can only marry with the approval of the Rabbinate, that matters a lot. (There isn’t even civil burial in Israel: the cemeteries and the Burial Societies that serve them are too in the hands of the Rabbinate.) So these handful of converts, whose status with respect to matters handled by the Ministry of the Interior has now been settled, still have a Sisyphean task before them if they wish to do any of the various things most Israelis take for granted, among them getting married and having the government recognize the union, getting divorced and being enabled to re-marry, dying and being buried in a Jewish cemetery. So it wouldn’t be that wrong to say that this week’s decision creates, rather than heals, an important schism in Israeli society by creating a class of civil Jews who have the formal status, but only very few of the basic rights, Jews born to the faith take for granted. So that’s one of the elephants in the room, known to all but mentioned, as far as I could see, by almost none in the wake of this week’s decision.

And then there are the Russians. This is huge. Over a million Jews from the former Soviet Union have immigrated to Israel since 1989 and today those immigrants and their descendants constitute more than 15% of Israel’s population. The detail that distinguishes the Russians and other FSU types from other large immigrant groups in Israeli society like Jews from Iraq or Yemen is that something like a full quarter are not considered Jewish by the Chief Rabbinate. There are a lot of reasons for that, mostly related to the fact that Jewish life was suppressed for so long under the Communism that there were relatively few Jewish families that remained fully intact and intermarriage with non-Jews was rife for decades. Layered over that fact is the reality that many of these people—most of them, in fact—have been living in Israel for decades now, speak fluent Hebrew, have served in the IDF, and think of themselves as “real” Israelis. Except that the Chief Rabbinate refuses them the right to marry, to be buried in Jewish cemeteries, etc. No one seems sure how to fix the problem either—nor does this week’s Supreme Court decision go very far towards finding a solution since it only affects the policies of the Interior Ministry and the immigrants from the FSU are all citizens anyway.

The closest parallel for Americans to consider is the one between these immigrants from the FSU and the undocumented immigrants in our own country. Everybody agrees that having 11 million undocumented souls living in our midst but not paying taxes, not paying into the Social Security system, not feeling free to phone 911 if they are in danger, not participating in national or local elections—the one thing upon which everybody seems to agree is that the status quo is intolerable and has to be addressed. But how exactly to address it is a different question entirely. The notion of rounding up all 11 million people living illegally in this country and deporting them to wherever it is they came from in the first place is an idea that appeals to many in theory, but lacks any real practical possibility of ever happening. The ideas put forward by the current administration, and particularly by Alejandro Mayorkas, Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security, seem to presuppose that the only real solution is to find a path for these people to seek citizenship that would involve some level of catch-up (for example, paying taxes on money earned in the U.S. during their time here but on which they never paid income tax) and would exclude criminals. Eventually, we have to deal—one way or the other—with these millions and millions of people!

And the parallel is almost exact: Israel cannot simply look away and ignore the fact that 15% of its Jewish population simply isn’t Jewish enough for the Chief Rabbinate. (That they are considered more than Jewish enough to serve in the IDF only adds fuel to the fire.) And the only practical solution has to do with conversion: since these people were already not born Jewish, at least not technically, a procedure has to be evolved for them formally to embrace Judaism and solve the problem that way. Since such a solution would almost definitely have to involve the more liberal denominations whose understanding of religion in general and Judaism in particular are more sophisticated, more scholarly, and more intellectually and historically justifiable than the extremist Orthodoxy of the Chief Rabbinate, the Supreme Court decision this week speaks indirectly to that whole set of issues by bestowing the mantle of legitimacy—if not in the eyes of the Rabbinate, then at least in the eyes of the State—on people who convert through movements more given over to the principles of tolerance, non-judgmentalism, pluralism, and intellectual integrity.

So those are the two elephants hiding in full sight for most Israelis. And that is why this week’s Supreme Court decision not only matters, but has the potential to be truly transformative in the effort to create a kind of Israeli Judaism that rejects the kind of know-nothing fundamentalism that is the hallmark of the kind of Judaism represented by the Chief Rabbinate and in its place embraces a version of Judaism rooted in acceptance, fairness, tolerance, and spiritual integrity.

#Israel #Conversion #Masorti

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georgecmatthews · 4 years

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The coronavirus is proving to be a black swan event – unpredictable and with massive consequences

After a decade of reasonable tranquility — and disappointment — global equity markets have hit another “black swan,” and trust me I use that word with fearful caution. The coronavirus is truly a black swan in the sense of being both unpredictable and an event of massive consequence. I believe it is also likely going to significantly change behavior and approaches at fractal levels across society and culture, including demand for greater state capacity and governance. As Nassim Taleb explained to us in his book The Black Swan, history is seemingly smooth and linear, until it is not. And when it is not — black swans are responsible for much of what we call history, those large disconnects where big change happens.

Healthy stressors are vital for developing less fragility (or anti-fragility). The suppression of these stresses has been occurring for decades, since the tenure of “The Greenspan Put,”1 by trying to avoid healthy recession. This has been further amplified in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), with central banks around the world suppressing natural interest rates levels along with other fiscal stimulus in the big economies such as the US and China. This has created fragility by constraining volatility against nature, depriving markets and corporations of the ability to be stronger and more vigilant. It also has encouraged complacency, buybacks by professional CEOs and leverage. One can easily find the analog in public health care — where efficiency has trumped preparation for pandemics and now, we are witnessing the dire consequences.

Although I am an investor, I can also be a speculator about the broader world. Beyond elections and markets, I imagine that many, many things may change in response to this Black Swan event. At the level of global relations, we can hope for greater collaboration and understanding. Perhaps a renewal of the Pax-Americana era, which followed the demise of the Soviet Empire, an era of globalization and liberalization, with more equitable and tolerant leadership in an increasingly multi-polar world. My bet, however, would be the opposite, and that the endogenous forces of national chauvinism and parochial interest we have witnessed over the past decade will get further reinforced. But outside of obvious triage improvements in public health, I suspect the most profound changes at the abstract level are likely going to be about a big shift in the orientation of capitalism. I see a few potential developments:

The pursuit of shareholder capitalism will come under greater attack. A milder form of capitalism, with less pronounced focus on meritocracy (a “winner take-all” approach), and a greater focus on fairness: re-establishing an ethos of equality of opportunity (which is not the same thing as equality of outcome). After the second massive economic crisis in a decade, the pendulum will shift in the ongoing balance between the state and the market. I also suspect that social demands for greater accountability of governance will grow as state capacity expands. I believe we are moving towards a better world, where redundancy will be more appreciated vs the MBA-orientation of efficiency at all costs.

Oligopolies will be under pressure. This implies not just technology, which has some level of meritocracy associated with it, but also politically prominent oligopolies which under-deliver innovation and unfairly tax society.

Corporate empires will face internal pressures to find focus. The behemoths will struggle to overcome the inevitable diseconomies of scale that lodge in as corporate complexity overwhelms efficiency gains. Bureaucracy and process at extreme scale overwhelm competitiveness as these behemoths get disrupted. Leverage is often a catalyst and a bane amongst such companies. Glencore, HSBC, and Anheuser Busch are not in many ways different than Citi and GE at the turn of the century.

Beyond speculation about the world, I have some thoughts on some likely proximate consequences for emerging market equity investors.

1. Contrary to conventional wisdom, Russia may just be one of the great places to invest now.

Russia is the strongest of any major oil economies with a fortress balance sheet, strong fiscal position and a flexible currency (and cost structure).

Exhibit 1: Russia is better positioned to cope with US$30/bbl oil price

Source: Central Bank of Russia, Ministry of Finance, Sberbank, CEIC

While oil at $30 will be uncomfortable for Russia, where inflation is estimated to rise to around 4% resulting in lower real incomes, it will be devastating for the Gulf economies. Saudi in particularly could run double digit deficits and see its net debt to GDP soaring to 53% in 3 years.

Exhibits 2-4

Source: IMF, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Ministry of Finance, as of 12/31/19. Bernstein Estimates for 2019-2023). Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Estimates may not come to pass. Subject to change.

Ironically, the ultimate losers of this price war will likely be the biggest recent growth producers – the US shale firms, whose breakeven price lies between $48 and $54, according to a Dallas Federal Energy survey. By taking advantage of all major OPEC price stabilization while sitting on a mountain of debt, the shale oil industry has lost its ability to weather the black swan moment. As the capital market is turning off its tap on the US shale producers, the number of bankruptcies rose 50% to 42 in 2019, from 28 in 2018. At $30 oil, there will likely be a lot more US shale producers going belly up this year.

Exhibit 5: Average Breakeven Prices in U.S. Range from $48 to $54 per Barrel

NOTES: In the March 2019 Dallas Fed Energy Survey, executives from 82 exploration and production firms answered the question, “In the top two areas in which your firm is active: What WTI oil price does your firm need to profitably drill a new well?” The survey collection period was March 13–21. WTI refers to West Texas Intermediate crude oil. SOURCES: Energy Information Administration, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.

2. China will be reasonably fine.

While the coronavirus has hammered China’s economy, which grounded to a near standstill in February, it has a strong and pragmatic state that acted fast and decisively to contain the spread of the virus.

Source: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/us/

In response to the outbreak, China has spent roughly 1.2% of GDP ($150B) — excluding infrastructure investment – on a myriad of targeted support, including granting waivers and reduction of social charges, lowering value-added taxes (VAT) for some enterprises, and electricity and gas fees for corporate users.

Structurally, China has a lot more ammunition in its monetary policy. It has developed its antifragility out of a host of inherent stressors in the system – including its skimpy pensions and health insurance system – which have reinforced its high levels of domestic savings. The culturally rooted fiscal conservatism has harnessed China for it to emerge stronger from crisis.

Exhibits 8-9: Rates table (China vs. US): China was in no rush to follow aggressive global interest rate cuts

Source: Bloomberg, as of 03/17/2020. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

Source: Morningstar. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

3. Latin America will continue the funk.

The economic history of Latin America involved cycles of high expectations followed by disappointment. The region’s volatile and uninspiring growth path has been marked by financial crises and contractions caused by repeated debt defaults and hyperinflation. While Latin America rode out the previous black swan crisis of 2008 with only a brief economic dip and little damage to its banks, the region has been in low-growth doldrums since 2013, with GDP growth averaging 0.8%.

The epidemic is casting fresh light on the region divided by cruel inequalities of wealth and political clout. But beyond aspirations for overarching reforms, Latin American countries like Brazil have never moved upstream to tackle the structural vulnerabilities perpetuating the cycle – including low levels of savings, clumsy states and the prohibitive cost of capital that has been crowding out private investment for years. At 38% of GDP, Brazil’s fiscal expenditures topped all major EM countries in 2019, while its private capital investment has been steadily falling in the last decade – now hovering around 15% of GDP1.

Exhibit 10: Major Latin American economies have lagged behind their EM peers in the last decade

Source: EM Advisors. Data as of 12/31.19. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

4. The strong — not the oligopolies — will survive and thrive.

The unprecedented non-wartime economic disruption of social distancing this virus has thrust on us will be painful to all competitors in multiple industries, and not all will survive. Many marginal players will face bankruptcy. Others will have to make fateful decisions to reduce investment in capacity, product development, brands, and talent. Either way, the strong will emerge even more competitive, gathering market share and likely gaining higher profitability against more anemic competition.

The old adage “cash is king” is more applicable now than ever. Companies that have been relying on cheap funding – consequences of central banks’ excessive monetary interventions – to expand their balance sheets will likely crumble under liquidity pressure. And a few privileged companies with strong balance sheets will be able to capitalize on real non-organic opportunities, which occur when prices are cheap.

In the consumer discretionary space, luxury powerhouse Kering, restaurant operator Yum China and lodging innovator Huazhu are cases in point. The luxury goods industry is in for enormous cyclical stress as travel restrictions and a collapse in wealth hit near term earnings. This – alongside major structural forces of new consumers, new communications, new channels and new technologies – will further separate competitively advantages players from the long tail of struggling and under scaled brands. Kering has demonstrated its ability to revive a dynamic suite of iconic brands, including Gucci, Saint Laurent, Balenciaga and Bottega Veneta. In addition to in-house brands, Kering can also benefit from M&A at attractive valuations.

Similarly, despite concerns over the high operating leverage inherent in the restaurant and hotel businesses, the market has failed to appreciate how resilient leading players like Huazhu and Yum China may emerge even more competitively advantaged out of this black swan moment. As stand-alone hotels close in droves amid China’s national lockdown, the survivors will place even greater value on the risk mitigation benefit of joining large brands than before. Yum China will also be able to garner space and “stomach share” after this current emergency subsides.

5. Irrational competition — particularly in “disruptive’ technology” — will likely become far more rational.

Cheap capital and unbounded ambitions have created unsustainable business models within the technology sector. If the WeWork debacle was a warning sign, the upcoming displacement in the real economy, as well as in financial markets, should end the tech world’s obsession with often spurious numbers (such as Total Addressable Market, or TAM)2, many of which are used to justify ever higher valuations. Of late, we have seen the unique spectacle of businesses in the “sharing economy,” where growth is clearly slowing, but profitability remains stubbornly out of reach. Such excesses are likely to face a reckoning, as will reckless capital allocators, such as Softbank, who have been harbingers of capital and governance related malfeasance, in our view. We believe that more moderately behaved competitive behavior in China will emerge and could benefit companies like Alibaba, Tencent and Meituan Dianping. More rational competition in the Brazil fintech space could benefit companies like Pagseguro Digital, Mercadolibre and Stone. And we can imagine a possible merger between Grab and Go-Jek, which could help to reshape ridesharing and” super-app” platforms in South East Asia.

Our investment philosophy is driven by a long-term orientation and focus on differentiated research. We are deliberately not tactical as we attempt to restrain the team from decision fatigue, and hopefully poor decision making. In times like this we are reassured by our North Star compass, which guides us in an environment as turbulent and devastating as markets are today. We have been through a fair number of black swan events over the decades investing in emerging markets. And we trust that our focus on high quality companies with low capital intensity, resilient balance sheets and sustainable advantage will lead us in navigating this one successfully.

Despite the near-team challenges that all of us are facing, we remain excited about the opportunity that emerging market equities can provide for investors. We believe the most compelling opportunity for investors is to avoid short-term tactical positions and macroeconomic calls and instead focus on companies that have the potential to deliver strong, long-term financial performance. Investors should focus on sustainable competitive advantages and real options that can manifest over time. We look for companies that have innovative products or unique assets that capture demand domestically and/or outside their home economies and real options that can manifest over time. We look to avoid mean reversion/pattern recognition; capital-intensive, cyclical industries; companies without sustainable advantages; firms whose fortunes depend on product cycles or gadgets; state-owned businesses or companies with other governance conflicts. We believe these types of opportunities offer investors the greatest potential for compelling results over time.

1. Source: World Bank, https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/Brazil/Capital_investment/

As of December 31, 2019, Invesco Oppenheimer Developing Markets Fund had assets in the following companies: Glencore (1.05), HSBC (0.00%), Annheuser Busch (0.00%), Citigroup (0.00%), General Electric (0.0%%), Huazhu (2.73%), Kering (5.09 %), Yum China (2.57%), WeWork/The We Company (0.00%), Softbank (0.00%), Alibaba Group Holdings (6.97%), Tencent Holdings (4.89%), Meituan Dianping (1.03%), Pagseguro Digital (0.33%), MercadoLibre (0.29%), Stone Co. (0.44%), Grab (1.46%) and Go-Jek (0.00%).

As of December 31, 2019, Invesco Oppenheimer Emerging Markets Innovators Fund had assets in the following companies: Glencore (0.00%, HSBC (0.00%), Annheuser Busch (0.00%), Citigroup (0.00%), General Electric (0.0%%), Huazhu (2.92%), Kering (0.00%), Yum China (3.25%), /The We Company (0.00%), Softbank (0.00%), Alibaba (0.00%), Tencent Holdings (0.00%), Meituan Dianping (0.00%), Pagseguro Digital (2.46%), MercadoLibre (0.00%), Stone Co. (0.00%), Grab (0.00%) and Go-Jek (0.00%).

Important Information:

The Greenspan put was a trading strategy popular during the 1990s and 2000s as a result of certain policies implemented by Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan during that time. Greenspan was chairman from 1987 to 2006. Throughout his reign he attempted to help support the U.S. economy by actively using the federal funds rate as a lever for change which many believed encouraged excessive risk taking that led to profitability in put options.

Total addressable market, also called total available market, is a term that is typically used to reference the revenue opportunity available for a product or service. TAM helps to prioritize business opportunities by serving as a quick metric of the underlying potential of a given opportunity.

Mean reversion, sometimes referenced as reversion to the mean is a finance theory that states asset prices and historical returns eventually will revert to the long-run mean or average level of the entire dataset or population.

Foreign investments may be volatile and involve additional expenses and special risks, including currency fluctuations, foreign taxes, regulatory and geopolitical risks. Investments in securities of growth companies may be volatile. Emerging and developing market investments may be especially volatile. Eurozone investments may be subject to volatility and liquidity issues. Investing significantly in a particular region, industry, sector or issuer may increase volatility and risk.

The opinions expressed are those of the author as of March 18, 2020, are based on current market conditions and are subject to change without notice. These opinions may differ from those of other Invesco investment professionals.

This does not constitute a recommendation of any investment strategy or product for a particular investor. Investors should consult a financial advisor/financial consultant before making any investment decisions. Invesco does not provide tax advice. The tax information contained herein is general and is not exhaustive by nature. Federal and state tax laws are complex and constantly changing. Investors should always consult their own legal or tax professional for information concerning their individual situation. The opinions expressed are those of the authors, are based on current market conditions and are subject to change without notice. These opinions may differ from those of other Invesco investment professionals.

Holdings are subject to change and are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as buy/sell recommendations.

from Expert Investment Views: Invesco Blog https://www.blog.invesco.us.com/the-coronavirus-is-proving-to-be-a-black-swan-event-unpredictable-and-with-massive-consequences/

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commiedervish · 4 years

Text

Masterpost on the United States of America

[posted by /u/user_name_101ofcl on /r/communism]

This master post is divided into 2 parts:

The failure of the USA to protect its citizens

A list of US imperialism and the crimes they have committed

The Failure of USA to protect its citizens and the crimes committed in her own country

The USA is the largest and most powerful capitalist country to have ever existed. It has had the pleasure of

Being the most powerful country in its continent for about 150 years

Has the most favourable terrain imaginable. With fertile river valleys covering its land and all of its borders surrounded by forests, a large desert or oceans, practically making an invasion almost impossible.

Has plentiful resources like iron, coal and oil.

And lastly, a large amount of immigration. So a lack of a labour force won't ever be a problem

With such favourable material conditions, if we want to prove that capitalism works, the USA should be the best example of it. Let's look at how the US population is doing.

Worker rights and public services in the USA

The US has always repressed its workers. The federal minimum wage (7.25 $) is so low it barely allows people who are paid in it to live. The workers can not ask for a better wage, because they will get fired if they do.

The US has the least powerful unions and the workers stand alone against the capitalists. Basic things like paid maternity leave are optional and up to the employer. The US used to imprison and assassinate Union leaders so they wouldn't spread a pro worker message.

Privatisation is also a major thing in the US. The railways have always been private and this has resulted to them underperforming in speed, cost and affordability. In countries where it is nationalised, like China, the railways are extremely efficient.

The healthcare system in the US is private and this, according to Harvard, results in 45 thousand preventable deaths each year.

An other thing that is privatized, at least partly, is the prison system. Private prisons cost less to the government, about 17 $ less per prisoner per day but have more violence, worse facilities and are less likely to give parole than government ran prisons.

Poverty in the USA (statistics)

41 million Americans go hungry, including 13 million children and 5.4 millions seniors

More than 1 in 5 children in America (21.8%) are living under the official poverty line. Half of all children will be on food stamps before they turn 20, including 9 out of 10 black American children

Only 48% of Americans can handle a $400 emergency

For every 22 empty homes, there is 1 homeless person

Democracy in the USA

The USA prides itself in being the most democratic country, "the leader of the free world" but in reality the citizens of the USA have no real say on what their government does. The United States government only serves the interests of the bourgeoisie.

Don't believe me? Well, a recent report shows that about half of Congress and two thirds of the Senate are millionaires.

The elections are also completely undemocratic. The power of political lobbying in the USA is unprecedented. Both parties rely on the support of the bourgeoisie to win.

We shouldn't also forget the extreme gerrymandering that has been happening lately by both parties. Voting districts have been purposely redrawn across the country so the parties can keep their seats.

Now let's talk about voter suppression. The US has suppressed the vote of minorities since its creation. When the USA was created, only white male protestant land owners were allowed to vote. Gradually the USA was forced by civil rights activists to allow minorities and women to vote, but this doesn't mean that voter suppression doesn't exist. To this day incidents of voter suppression happen in states like Texas, south Carolina and Georgia. They specifically target black Americans, to stop them from voting.

An other way the US tries to stop black Americans from voting is felony disenfranchisement. Basically in most of the US, if you commit a felony, you are no longer allowed to vote (end in some states even if you get out of prison). This targets black and hispanic people in more than a few ways. They commit more crime than usual but they also get arrested more often than white people for the same crime.

The awful treatment of minorities in the USA

The US has historically oppressed every minority in its territory. From blacks to native Americans, from Latino communities to asians.

As I said above, only white men where allowed to vote when the US was created. In fact, not only where black people not allowed to vote, but they were slaves and where worth "three fifths of a white person". They were also not considered citizens despite them being born in the US.

When slavery was abolished the oppression continued. Segregation was the official policy of most states. They claimed that it was a policy of "separate but equal" but in reality it was far from that. White people had access to better schools, healthcare, housing and transportation.

Today although segregation being officially over, black people still face discrimination and disadvantages in schooling, police (we will get to that in a minute), healthcare, voting (as I showed you above), housing, and many other fields. Let's also not forget that the US has not paid ANY sort of reparations to black Americans. This and the effects of the institutionalized discrimination has left a unimaginable difference in the average wages and living standards of black Americans.

The median net worth of whites remains nearly 10 times the size of blacks. Nearly 1 in 5 black families have zero or negative net worth — twice the rate of white families.

(This even comes from a liberal source)

Let's also not forget the awful conditions in native reservations, with some lacking safe drinking water and some suffering from overcrowding. There is also a lack of wifi on a lot of these places.

And finally, the US literally has literal concentration camps in the border to place illegal migrants and their children, even though the illegal immigrants are fleeing violence and poverty the US caused in Central America (we will get to that)

Police brutality

Police brutality in the US has always been an issue. The main target are black people, worker rights activists, Muslims (especially after 9/11) latinos and some LGBTQ rights activists.

Police killed 1,147 people in 2017. Black people were 25% of those killed despite being only 13% of the population.

Black people are 25% more likely to be killed by police than white people

21% of black victims were completely unarmed

(This doesn't account for the people that were armed but didn't do anything wrong and cooperated with the police)

In 99% of cases the police officer was not convicted of a crime

A list of US imperialism and the crimes they have committed

This will be a list of US interventions from 1946 to 2019, this proves that the US remains an imperialist power and the primary threat to democracy

1 ) The US openly backs Greek nationalists in the Greek civil war against the communists, despite the communists having by far more support(1946)

2 ) The US helps with the creation of Israel(1948-1949)

3 ) The US helped in the establishment of the FRG (West Germany)

In 1957, 77% of the ministry's senior officials were former Nazis, which, according to the study, was a higher proportion that during Hitler's Third Reich government, which existed from 1933 to 1945.

A report released late last year found that between 1949 and 1970, 54% of Interior Ministry staffers were former Nazi Party members, and that 8% of them had served in the Nazi Interior Ministry, which at one point was run by SS chief Heinrich Himmler.

Also when the Stalin notes came, calling for a neutral unified Germany with elections , the US refused

4) CIA directs war against Huk Rebellion in the Philippines (1948-54)

5) Independence rebellion crushed in Ponce, Puerto Rico (1950)

6) The US, after expelling a workers government in South Korea, establishes a fascist dictatorship and helps it fight the communists (1951-53)

7) CIA overthrows democracy in Iran, installs Shah. (1953)

8) The CIA directs a coup in Guatemala after the democratically elected government nationalised fruit land from cooperations that were exploitating the Guatemalan people(1954)

9) The Suez crisis in Egypt (1956)

10) Army & Marine occupation against rebels in Lebanon (1958)

11) Fought South Vietnam revolt & North Vietnam, 1 million killed, atomic bomb threats in 1968 and 69 (1960-75)

12) CIA-directed Bay of Pigs exile invasion fails in Cuba (1961)

13) Caused an international crisis over missiles in Cuba while they had similar ones on Turkey (1962)

14) CIA organizes coup in Iraq that killed the president, brings Ba’ath Party to power, Saddam Hussein as secret service head (1963)

15) The terror to black American communities and the black Panthers massively increased. Assassinations left and right, including M.L.K (1963-66)

16) People in Panama shot for urging canal’s return (1964)

17) 3 million dead in a CIA backed coup in Indonesia (1965)

18) CIA backed coup in Greece against democratically elected leftist (1967-73)

19) Cia backed dictator, up to 2 million killed in decade of bombing, starvation, political chaos (1969-75)

20) US directs Iranian marine invasion in Oman (1970)

21) US directs South Vietnamese invasion in Laos,“carpet-bombs” countryside around Ho Chi Minh Trail (1971-73)

22) Democratic elected leftist president in Chile replaced with a fascist US backed regime (1973)

23) Telling Turkey to invade Cyprus so they can't join the Warsaw pact(1974)

24) Assists South African-backed UNITA rebels in Angola (1976-92)

25) Iran, raid to rescue embassy hostages, 8 troops die in helicopter-plane crash, bombing aborted. Soviets warned not to get involved in revolution. (1980)

26) The US helped Islamic extremists against socialist Afghan government(1981-1989)

27) CIA directs exile (Contra) invasions, plants harbor mines against Sandinista revolutionary gov’t. (1981-90)

28) Lebanon, Marines expel PLO and back far-right Phalangists, Navy bombs and shells Muslim rebels, Syrian forces (1983)

29) Invasion topples 4-year leftist revolutionary gov’t in Grenada (1984)

30) Honduras, Maneuvers help build bases near Nicaragua borders (1985)

31) Air strikes to topple Qaddafi gov’t in Libya (1986)

32) Army assists raids on cocaine region in Bolivia (1986)

33) U.S. intervenes on side of Iraq in the Iraq - Iran war (that Iraq started by the way), defending reflagged tankers & downing civilian jet (1987-88)

34) Panama, Noriega gov’t ousted by 27,000 soldiers,2000+ killed. Canal Zone & bases returned in 1999 (1989-99)

35) Iraq countered after invading Kuwait. 540,000 troops stationed also in Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, UAE, Israel. (1991)

36) No fly zones and sanctions on Iraq (1991-2003)

37) Intervention in Croatia(1992-94)

38) Rigging of Russian elections so the communists would not win (1993)

39) No-fly zone in civil war; downed jets, bombed Serbs (1995)

40) Zaire, Troops at Rwandan Hutu refugee camps in the area where Congo revolution began. (1996-97)

41) Heavy NATO air strikes after Serbia declines to withdraw from Kosovo. NATO occupation of Kosovo. (1999)

42) The US invades Afghanistan (2001-now)

43) Yemen, Drone missile attack on Al Qaeda, including US citizen (2002)

44) The war on Iraq, Saddam Hussein regime toppled in Baghdad. 250,000+ U.S. personnel participate in invasion. US & UK forces battle Sunni & Shi’a insurgencies. 160,000+ troops & many private contractors stationed on bases (2003-11)

45) Haiti, Marines & Army land after right-wing rebels oust elected President Aristide, U.S. forces him into exile (2003-04)

46) Pakistan, CIA drones, air strikes, Special Forces raids on alleged Al Qaeda & Taliban refuge villages kill multiple civilians. Drone attacks on Pakistani Mehsud network (2005-now)

47) Libya, NATO coordinates air strikes and missile attacks vs. Qaddafi government during uprising by rebel army (2011)

48)Air strikes & Special Forces intervene vs. Islamic State insurgents, training other Syrian rebels, bomb alleged Syrian gov’t chemical arms sites (2014-now)

49) Coup in Bolivia against a democratically elected president, replaced with a religious fascist that also hates indigenous people (2019)

50) Meeting with and funding the Hong Kong protestors (2019-now)

51) The killing of an Iranian general (now)

The photo I used - http://imgur.com/gallery/HvyTkEh

List of US atrocities: https://github.com/dessalines/essays/blob/master/us_atrocities.md

Sources

https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2009/09/new-study-finds-45000-deaths-annually-linked-to-lack-of-health-coverage/

https://www.rollcall.com/news/hawkings/congress-richer-ever-mostly-top

https://kairoscenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Poverty-Fact-Sheet-Feb-2015-final.pdf

https://www.thedailybeast.com/cheats/2014/01/09/most-lawmakers-are-millionaires

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/court-north-carolina-voter-id-law-targeted-black-voters/

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/oct/19/georgia-governor-race-voter-suppression-brian-kemp

https://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/felon-voting-rights.aspx

https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/race/reports/2019/08/07/472617/systemic-inequality-displacement-exclusion-segregation/

https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.cnn.com/cnn/2019/10/24/us/ice-kids-detention-invs/index.html

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/09/28/black-and-hispanic-families-are-making-more-money-but-they-still-lag-far-behind-whites/%3foutputType=amp

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Police-Brutality-in-the-United-States-2064580

https://mappingpoliceviolence.org

https://sites.evergreen.edu/zoltan/wp-content/uploads/sites/358/2019/11/InterventionsList2019.pdf

[The rest of the sources were not included in this post due to the character limit. However, they can be seen in the original post on reddit.]

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bangkokjacknews · 4 years

Text

ISIS eyes Southeast Asia as next terrorism hotspot

Battered in the Middle East, #ISIS eyes Southeast #Asia as next terrorism hotspot to rebuild its army and its territories

The IS ideology — which includes the setting up of a caliphate — is far from dead and buried. And its supporters, including those who have returned home after fighting wars in Iraq and Syria, have now set their sights on turning South-east Asia into the next terrorism hotspot. For IS, the region has all the ingredients needed to become its next cauldron of violence: Porous borders, existence of logistical bases, weak regimes, poor enforcement measures and disenchantment among marginalised Muslims. “Southeast Asia has been dubbed as the second front for IS,” said Professor Mohd Kamarulnizam Abdullah, who researches on terrorism and religious violence at Universiti Utara Malaysia. The region already has had a taste of ISIS-style terror in recent years. In 2016, ISIS-linked militants launched a gun and bomb assault in the centre of Jakarta, killing several people. Last Sunday (Jan 27), a Roman Catholic cathedral on the island of Jolo in southern Philippines was bombed as worshippers gathered for mass. ISIS claimed responsibility for it. Although Singapore has been fortunate enough not to have experienced any violent attack, it will become increasingly harder to keep the country secure from the threat as the web of terror closes in on the island. While the Singapore Government has repeatedly stressed that a terror attack here is not a matter of if but when, there remains a sense of complacency among Singaporeans. A recent report by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) showed that only 20 per cent of Singaporeans felt that the terrorist threat was imminent. The MHA’s Singapore Terrorism Threat Assessment Report 2019 also said that the Republic’s “most pressing threat” comes from IS. In 2016, an IS-inspired plot to attack Marina Bay Sands from the Indonesian island of Batam — a 40-minute boat ride from Singapore — was foiled. Mr Joseph Franco, a research fellow at the S Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS), said THE REGION: A SECOND WAVE OF TERRORISM The first wave of terrorism crashed into Southeast Asia in 2002, starting with the devastating bombings in Bali that year. It lasted till 2008, according to last year’s Global Terrorism Index, with terrorist groups the Philippines’ Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) and Indonesia’s Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) — which has ties to Al Qaeda — being responsible for 301 and 274 deaths respectively. The second wave came in 2016, amid ISIS’ rise. As a result, Southeast Asia saw a 36 per cent increase in deaths due to terrorism from 2016 to 2017. In 2017, militant and insurgent groups championing separatist causes, which later forged alliances or became affiliated to IS, committed 348 terror acts which resulted in 292 deaths. They came from countries including Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines and Thailand. Research fellow Muhd Faizal Abdul Rahman from RSIS’ Centre of Excellence for National Security pointed out that “partnerships” between militant groups are not new. https://bangkokjack.com/2018/05/20/rise-fall-islamic-state-group/ They existed back in the days when Al Qaeda was at its zenith, forming ties with JI. The latter group sent its members to Afghanistan to train and gain combat skills under Al Qaeda and learn its doctrine. Similarly, aligning themselves with ISIS “facilitates the exchange of talent, skills and material resources” with local and regional groups, said Mr Faizal. Smaller militant or terrorist groups would also attain a higher level of legitimacy and support if they associate themselves with IS’ ideology, which seeks to establish a caliphate through a final battle between good (Muslims) and evil (non-believers). “It is more important to sustain the will to fight even when the means to fight is suppressed by security forces,” said Mr Faizal. Counterterrorism analysts also pointed out that by working together, the different groups can eliminate their common enemies — Western forces and governments that they claim to have exploited and marginalised Muslim communities — on multiple fronts. Such collaboration was exemplified during the Marawi siege in southern Philippines in 2017. Pledging allegiance to IS, a number of militant groups banded together to attack and take control parts of the city, before they were defeated by government forces after months of battle. Although the militants lost, the siege underscored IS’ reach in the region, said analysts. The Global Terrorism Index report said that the battle of Marawi was a “defining moment” in Islamist terrorism in the Philippines. Following that, IS’ online propaganda has urged foreign fighters to travel to the Philippines and other Southeast Asian outposts. Mr Franco said that even after the Marawi siege, there continues to be militant groups — whether aligned to IS or not — operating in the Mindanao region. “With access to illegal firearms, they continue to pose a threat,” he said. About 18 years after the Sep 11 attacks in the United States — which were carried out by the Al Qaeda — the terrorism threat has evolved and possibly become more potent, said analysts. Dr Mohamed Ali, an RSIS expert in religious extremism, pointed out that previously, the definition of a terrorist was clear-cut: He or she had to pledge an oath and be a member of a terrorist group. Now, however, individuals can just carry out attacks in their homelands without having to go through military training. “They can be anyone and can strike alone and out of the blue,” he added. “That makes them more dangerous.” The rising exclusivist sentiment in the region, namely in Indonesia and Malaysia, has also added fuel to fire. Last December, thousands of Muslim Indonesians took to the streets to commemorate the series of rallies held in 2016 that targeted a former Jakarta governor, who is a Christian. https://bangkokjack.com/2017/09/07/beware-mental-illness-running-islam/ Days after, Malaysians rallied in the capital city of Kuala Lumpur to call on the government to preserve Islam as the country’s national religion and protect the rights of the Malays. Mr Faizal stressed that exclusivism “forms the pathway to terrorism”. “A person goes through the cognitive process of exclusivism before he is further radicalised into a terrorist. Exclusivism conditions an individual’s mind and values into believing that others are less human, less moral and deserves to be harmed,” he added. Dr Mohamed Ali warned that the harm caused by exclusivist ideas could be more damaging than the effects of terror attacks. It leads to different racial and religious communities alienating one another and breeding suspicion. The result: A weakening of the country’s unity and social fabric, he added. INDONESIA: CHANGING FACES OF TERROR Last May, an Indonesian family of six were involved in back-to-back attacks on three churches in the country’s second-largest city of Surabaya. The incident drove home the point that the terrorism threat in Indonesia had evolved in two areas: The people conducting the attacks and the weapons used. https://bangkokjack.com/2018/11/07/future-islam-europe/ Indonesian counterterrorism expert Dr Noor Huda Ismail noted that terrorist operations have morphed from group operations to lone wolves, and later involving women as well as the entire family unit. It is part of the IS doctrine to involve the entire family as part of efforts to establish a caliphate, he pointed out. In its propaganda magazines Rumiyah and Dabiq, it has been stated that the role of women is to breed the next generation of terrorists. Another reason why terror attacks now involve women and the entire family is because Indonesian authorities have successfully destroyed many terrorist networks in the country. “So, IS supporters have to change their tactics,” added Dr Noor Huda, who founded the Institute for International Peace Building to rehabilitate and reintegrate former terrorists into the society. Using household items as weapons to inflict damage is also the new norm. No longer is it necessary to make or smuggle in traditional bombs or firearms to carry out an attack, said Dr Najib Azca, the director of the Centre for Security and Peace Studies at Indonesia’s Gadjah Mada University. IS has indoctrinated its followers to believe that if they cannot join its fight in Syria and Iraq, they can carry out attacks in their homelands as part of the jihad (armed struggle), he said. To do that, they can use vehicles to ram into crowds, or simply use household items like a kitchen knife to stab as many people as they can, said Dr Najib. He cited the case of an Indonesian woman Dian Yulia Novi, who planned to use a pressure-cooker bomb to attack the Presidential Palace in 2016, but was arrested before she could do so. “Those (household items) are also equally effective in killing people,” he added.

Indonesian K9 police examine a site following attacks outside the Surabaya Centre Pentecostal Church (Surabaya Gereja Pantekosta Pusat) in Surabaya, East Java. (Photo: AFP/JUNI KRISWANTO In Indonesia, the authorities also have to deal with another conundrum: Radicalisation taking place behind bars, partly due to the lack of capacity in the prisons. The country’s 477 prisons are meant to house 125,000 inmates, but have ended up being crammed with more than 254,000 prisoners. This has resulted in arrested jihadists being placed in the same cells as offenders of other crimes. “That’s where they influence the others,” said Dr Noor Huda. In some parts of the country such as Solo, he noted that jihadists sit at the top of the moral hierarchy in prisons as they are regarded as “pure and enlightened”. “So, what happens is that other prisoners will go to them for Islamic teaching, and they too get radicalised. For the jihadists conducting the teachings, they become more hardcore.” The Indonesian authorities also have to grapple with the return of citizens who had taken part in foreign wars. A study by the US-based non-profit organisation Soufan Center and the Global Strategy Network released last year tracked 5,600 fighters who had returned to their home countries. Among them were 50 Indonesians. Dr Noor Huda said that in areas such as the Indonesian city of Medan, the returning fighters would be welcomed as “mujahideen”, a title given to those who had engaged in jihad. They could then pass on their experience and the teaching they had received. The release of extremists from prisons and back into society poses yet another threat. Last week, the government of President Joko Widodo faced a backlash after it announced that the JI’s spiritual leader and mastermind of the Bali bombings, Abu Bakar Bashir, would be released early from prison on medical grounds. The Indonesian government later said it will review the issue. There were concerns over the move as the 80-year-old ailing cleric is still regarded as influential, and could continue to inspire others to wage jihad. https://bangkokjack.com/2019/07/22/islamic-terror-camp-seized-thailand/ Dr Najib said the announcement of Abu Bakar’s release comes at a politically sensitive time, as the Muslim-majority nation is preparing to elect its next president in April. “But it could come at a cost, because those individuals could influence others to be radicalised,” he added. “For Indonesia, the battle against terrorism is still ongoing and there are always new elements that we have to deal with.” MALAYSIA: POROUS BORDERS A CHALLENGE According to the Institute for Policy Analysis of Conflict, 70 convicted extremists in Indonesia were released between January 2017 and August 2018. More are expected to be freed by the end of this year. Some came from the neighbouring countries of Indonesia and the Philippines. Others from as far as the Middle East.These foreigners entered Malaysia on work permits, and were later employed as labourers or construction workers. While many were in Malaysia to earn an honest living, some others had nefarious intentions. According to Malaysia’s authorities, 445 terror suspects had been arrested since 2013 and more than 120 of them — or over a quarter — were foreigners, some of whom were directly involved in a number of plots planned by extremists groups. Since 2013, the authorities have thwarted 23 planned attacks, including a plot to launch an assault at the closing ceremony of the Southeast Asian Games held in Kuala Lumpur in 2017. However, in July 2016, Malaysia experienced its first successful IS attack after a grenade blast wounded eight people at a nightclub in Selangor. Prof Kamarulnizam of Universiti Utara Malaysia attributes the influx of such extremists to the country to the region’s porous borders as well as Malaysia’s openness in welcoming Muslims from other countries. “It is easy to slip in and slip out. You can go to the Philippines through Sabah, for example,” he added. Ahmad El-Muhammady, a counterterrorism analyst at the International Islamic University Malaysia, said the country has seen fewer arrests since the peak of 2013 to 2016. This, however, does not mean the “end of terrorism”, he cautioned. “This is just a hibernation period,” said Mr El-Muhammady. “On the surface, it looks safe, but beneath it, extremists are secretly making plans and radicalising others.” Even though the authorities have managed to crack down on terrorist networks such as JI, Al Qaeda or IS, analysts said they still pose a significant threat: Their ideologies are still floating around — whether online or offline — and are deeply entrenched in the minds of supporters and sympathisers. “Total eradication of ideology is almost impossible. It can be tamed and ‘domesticated’, but not total eradication,” stressed Mr El-Muhammady. Extremists who come to Malaysia, they either stay here to plot attacks in the country, or they use Malaysia as a launching pad to other South-east Asian countries to carry out attacks. Prof Kamarulnizam said that another worry is the return of Malaysians who had fought overseas. The study by Soufan Center and the Global Strategy Network estimated there were eight such fighters who had returned to Malaysia. Ironically, the authorities had received personal requests from Malaysians who had fought in Syria, asking to be brought home, said Prof Kamarulnizam. They had burnt their passports after pledging allegiance to IS. “Of course we cannot entertain them. The risk is too huge,” he added. The situation in Malaysia, however, is not as bad as in Indonesia, said analysts. For instance, there has yet to be an entire family unit radicalised and plotting terror attacks, though Prof Kamarulnizam pointed out that there was a case of a family who had sold their land and used the money to travel to Syria. Another issue of concern for Malaysia is “political radicalisation”, said analysts. Mr El-Muhammady said it involves spreading exclusivist views where Muslims are told they cannot celebrate the festivals of other faiths and that they should not accept non-believers. “It is a perfect ingredient for individuals to be led down the path of terrorism, when political radicalisation and terrorist radicalisation are merged together,” he added. – You can follow BangkokJack on Instagram, Twitter & Reddit. Or join the free mailing list (top right) Please help us continue to bring the REAL NEWS - PayPal Read the full article

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juniperpublisherscellscienc-blog · 5 years

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Organ Transplantation: An Overview from History to Challenges- Juniper Publishers

Abstract

Organ transplantation is the best method for replacing damage organs and tissues. It has very long history but frequently work on it start in 18th century. Now researchers are able to perform transplant easily and successfully. Take organ from donor that may be living or deceased. But the problem that matters a lot is that donor compatibility must be matched with the recipient. And the match occurs in very rare chances because perfect match found in identical twins. Rejection is a major problem for organ transplantation, but researchers control this problem by using specific type of drug name immunosuppressant that suppresses the immune response. Long term uses of immune suppressant also cause many diseases like diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure etc.

Keywords: Immunosuppressant; Transplantation; Transplant rejection

Introduction

Organ transplantation is a successful technique for replacing damaged organ from healthy and fit organ. Organs may be damaged due to injury or some other factors. At 18th century, researchers started their experiments on organ transplantation and they were failed many times and don’t get their desired results. After many years, they were successful in organ transplantation. Researchers have able to do organ transplantation of kidney, liver, lung, heart, pancrease, cornea etc [1]. Organ transplantation are done on only those organ who have the ability to regenerate or those organ whose half number able to do full work like kidney, some portion of liver etc. Persons who donate their organs called donors and the persons who receive organ called recipients. Two common possibilities are present in organ transplantation. First is that both donor and recipient present at same place while second possibility is that both donor and recipient present at different places. Also, in some cases, transplantation occurs in same person and in some other cases, transplantation held in two different people [2]. It has a very long history. Some evidence found that people of past also do organ transplantation. Full history of transplantation is given here.

300 — Allotransplantation (transplantation occurs between two non-genetically identical people) was first originated in human in middle ages. Leg of church caretaker name Deacon Justinian was cut to treat cancer and attach leg of non-genetically identical person.

1668 — Bone graft was successfully grafted. For this purpose, dog skull used. This all procedure held in Holland.

1746 — Nose successfully regrafted and this surgery is done by Dr. Garengeot in France.

1818 — A surgeon transfuses four-ounce blood from a man to his wife because she lost blood due to childbirth.

1878 — Human-human successfully bone transplant.

1869 — Successfully transplanted skin.

1906 — Cornea was successfully transplanted

1954 — Kidney was transplanted first time. Recipient is genetically identical twin.

1959 — Kidney transplantation occurs between fraternal twins.

1960 — Between Kidneys was transplanted [3].

1962 — Kidney, liver and lungs was removed from deceased person for transplantation.

1963 — Organs remove from brain dead person and use in transplantation.

1966 — Pancrease was successfully transplanted.

1967 — Liver transplantation performs successfully.

1967 — Heart was transplanted in U.S

1967 — Heart was transplanted in Saudi Arabia.

1968 — Bone Transplantation was successfully achieved.

1968 — Harvard Ad Hoc Committee successfully developed a definition of brain-dead people.

1976 — First Immunosuppressant drug was successfully developed for minimize the risk of rejection by immune system. First immunosuppressant drug is cyclosporine [4,5].

1980 — Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA) developed the definition of death as stopping of circulatory/ respiratory systems or stops all function of the body.

1981 — Heart/Lung successfully transplanted.

1983 — First awareness week for national tissue and organ donors.

1983 — First workshop held on solid organ by a surgeon name General Everett Koop.

1984 — first combined Heart, Liver and Lungs transplantation done.

1984 — Congress passed an Act and banned selling of organs and tissues. Also make organ procurement network for equality of organ transplantation.

1986 — First contract for OPTN by ministry of health of U.S. OPTN work is to give facility that is totally based on equality.

1986 — Hospitals provide very good offers for close relatives of deceased person if they donate the organ of their deceased relative.

1987 — Intestine transplantation was successfully done

1988 — Split-Liver transplantation was successfully performed. The benefit of this procedure is that two recipient use liver of one donor.

1989 — Performed first small intestine transplantation.

1990 — Award noble prize to Dr. Joseph and Dr. Donnall Thomas for successful transplantation of kidney and bone respectively.

1990 — Living donor lung was used for transplantation.

1991 — National workshop on increasing donation of organs and tissue and this workshop is held by summon of General Antonia who is also a surgeon [5,6].

1998 — Hand was successfully transplanted.

1998 — Plasmapheresis was injected in body and the purpose is that it helps to do transplant in those people who are not ABO compatible.

1999 — Act was passed for appreciating organ donor. According to this act, if employee wants leave for organ donation then they able to get full paid leave.

2001 — University of Louisville and Jewish Hospital successfully perform hand transplant.

2001 — Rate of living donors is increase as compare to deceased donor. And this was first time in U.S.

2002 — OPTN online the data of those patients who were waiting for organ.

2003 — April was nominated as Donation Life month.

2005 — In France, partial face was successfully transplanted.

2006 — IOM issue a report in which they tell us about ethical issues of transplantation and also tells us how deceased person donors will increase.

2006 — In U.S. 100 million people were registered as donor.

2008 — National Medal awarded for those who donate their organs.

2009 — A Campaign start that title is “END THE WAIT”. This is due to increase the kidney donors to abolish waiting list of kidney recipients.

2010 — Full face was successfully transplanted.

2011 — Dr. Cavadas successfully transplant first double leg.

2014 — Uterine transplant successfully performed first time in Sweden.

2014 — In South Africa, penis was successfully transplanted [7–10].

As described earlier that it is successful technique for replacing damaged organ/tissue. Donors play a very good rule in transplantation because if donor not agrees to donate his organ/ tissue then doctors not able to do transplant. Donor has two types.

1. Living donor and

2. Deceased donor

If a living person donate their organ, then it is called living donor. If deceased person donates, then it is called deceased donor. Sometime person is cardiovascular dead and sometimes it is brain dead. If a doctor believed that this person is not more live, and they will die soon then they contact to person closest relative and suggest donating the patient’s organs. If relative allow then doctor remove the patient organs and save it. Researchers have able to save human organ for five to six years. Cornea is the only organ that cannot be saved [3–11]. First doctor screens a person and check that whether a person is eligible for transplantation or not. If they found eligible then doctor advice a person to a specialist transplantation center. Doctors of transplantation center again screen a person and evaluate its health. Common process for transplantation is:

1. Cut the skin

2. Remove arteries and vessels that attach with organ.

3. Remove the organ

4. Take the new and healthy organ

5. Place it into the body

6. Attach arteries and vessels

7. Close the skin cut [12].

A necessary thing is that instruments are sterilized. Now days, number of recipients is very high as compared to donors. People wait many years for organ/tissue. Sometime people died due to pain but cannot get any donor [13–15].

Types of Transplantation

There are six ways that are useful in transplantation of organ/ tissue.

1. Autograft

2. Allograft

3. Isograft

4. Xenograft

5. Domino transplant

6. Transplantation is Obese People

Autograft

Type of transplantation in which transplantation occurs within same subject. It occurs only in those tissues that have the ability to reproduce it or present in excess amount [16].

Allograft

Transplantation occurs in those people who are not genetically identical. Transplantation between genetically different people can causes many problems like tissue rejection because recognized the organ/tissue as foreign particle. Some tests are present that measure organ rejection e.g. Panel Reactive Antibody (PRA). PRA is simple test that check the person’s blood. High PRA mean immune system make antibody against transplant organ/tissue. Higher PRA, higher chances of rejection.

Isograft

In this type, both donor and recipient are genetically identical (identical twins). Immune response cannot activate against this type of transplantation because both are genetically identical.

Xenograft

Transplantation occurs between two different species e.g. porcine heart valve. This type is unsafe as compared to others and rejection is very high. In addition, disease may also attack that person. A scientist name Eugene Gu study on transplant type that how heart of fetal can be transplanted into animal [18].

Domino transplant

This type is commonly applied on those who have cystic fibrosis disease. In CF, both lungs can be damaged. So, person needs lungs transplantation. Heart also transplanted in CF patient. The reason is that in some cases, one lung is large and other is small as a result, heart location is disturbed. This type of transplantation is very successful.

In obese people

As we know that obesity is the excess accumulation of fat. Obesity directly disturbs the health and causes many diseases. Renal transplantation is not possible in obese people. In 2009, researchers work on obese people and successfully performed transplantation in obese by using Robotic technique [18].

Types of Donation

People donate their organ only for some reason. Some donate for their love ones and some donate due to need of money. Given are the important and common types of donation.

Living related donor

Close relatives donate their organ and tissue to their family member because they don’t see their loved ones in pain and disease. That’s why they donate organ and free their relative from pain [16].

Good samaitan

Some people donate their organ and tissues to unknown people and they do it for helping needy person and sometimes it is due to the need of money. Jesus Christian was the first people who donate their kidney to needy people [16–19].

Financial Compensation

Now days, organ transplantation is a business and people sell and buy organs. This method is very common in worldwide but this is illegal because donor demand money e.g. 16,000$ for one kidney, 2000–4000$ in Iran. It is localized in some countries like Australia. This method of donation is only acceptable in case of kidney only because research on people reported that people will able to survive with one kidney. Gary Becker reported that free donation could solve the problems of that people who cannot able to buy organ. He also gives an approximate calculation about human organ prices. Average market price is 15,000$ for kidney, 32,000$ for liver. In USA, human organ sale is banned while in Iran, it is legal since 1988. About 40–50% people that live in different villages of Pakistan sale their one kidney for 2500$ [15].

Forced Donation

Many organizations and authorities present in different regions of world that do business of selling and buying organs. World Medical Association gives a report that mostly prisoners organs missed, and this is due to because these organizations remove it forcefully. Another report that is given by Deputy Minister of Health China that approximately 95% organs that are used is transplantation are remove from prisoners. Another report given that almost half of the organ sources that are transplanted in last six years not know [13].

Challenges

Researchers and patients both face many different challenges. Many types of viruses are attacked when transplantation perform. Or sometimes very lethal disease comes due to instruments that cannot be sterilized. When private people forcefully remove the organ then they use those instruments that needs sterilization. Most common challenges are as fallow.

Transplant Rejection

It is common problem that seen after most transplants. It is due to the attack of immune system that protects our body from different pathogens attacks that causes disease. It works very accurately. When any foreign particle or pathogen enter in body then the immune system active and check that whether a particle is self or non-self. If it identifies as non-self, then release specific proteins that are antibody for the destruction of that foreign particle and also remove that particle [20]. When doctors do surgery and transplant organ into body then immune system recognize it as non-self because particle that attaches on organ are different to those that are naturally present or organ. So, it releases immune response for destroy organ [21]. Sometimes, blood transfusion reaction occurs that make clogs of blood. Rejection has commonly three types.

Hyperacute rejection

This type of rejection occurs after few minutes of transplantation and it is only when organ and tissue not match with recipient. Person have blood group A and donor blood group is B.

Acute rejection

Its time period is first week of transplantation to 3 months.

Chronic rejection

It occurs after many years of transplantation. Immune system slowly damages the organ/tissue that is transplanted [22]. Perfect matching of recipient and donor can reduce the rejection risk. But perfect match is not possible. 100% perfect match mean genetically identical and genetically identical are only twins. So, a doctor refers some drugs that suppress immune response, and these are called immunosuppressant minimize the chances of blood transfusion reactions. Cornea is the only part where blood transfusion not occurs because blood is not present [23]. It also has two types.

1. Induction drugs — doctor or surgeon uses this drug at a time of surgery.

2. Maintenance drug — it is use for long time for reducing the risk of rejection [24]. Maintenance drug further four types.

i. Calcineurin Inhibitor

ii. mTOR Inhibitor

iii. Anti-Proliferative

iv. Steroids

These all are the type of maintenance drug and doctor recommends it. But it is also not good for health. Its long-term use causes many diseases like;

a. 100-degree fever

b. Severe cold and cough

c. Burning feels in urine

These are some symptoms that indicates that amount of immunosuppressant is high in blood. If not notice these symptoms, then risk of lethal disease is present. So, go to the transplant center and tells doctor about symptoms and feeling [25,26].

Diabetes

Diabetes also diagnosed in some cases. And the reason is high amount of immunosuppressant in blood.

High Cholestrol

No symptoms occur at start but it’s dangerous for health. It creates clogs and blocked the blood vessels. So, blood can’t reach every site due to clog that causes many diseases like paralysis etc. [27].

Gastro-Intestinal Problems

It’s due to steroids that doctor recommends us as an immunosuppressant [28].

Sexual Problem

Sex drive becomes low due to high amount of immunosuppressant in blood.

Some other diseases also occur like bones week, anxiety, hair loss, anemia, puffy face etc. [19,21]

Cost

In transplantation, cost is matters a lot. Some people sell their organs and their cost is very high. Also illegal authorities also active and involve in selling and buying organs. Price of kidney in different countries of world like, in Manila, its price is 1000- 2000$, America (10,000$), South Africa (20,000$) and China (70,000$). These prices are not affordable for poor person [29].

Safety

Transplant technique is control by FDA that makes very strict laws. Use of un-sterilize instruments causes many lethal diseases like HIV, hepatitis B, C. In past, a person who suffered Hepatitis B and C donate their organs to needy and poor people. Doctors don’t screen the donor and transplant the organs without checking it. So, FDA makes laws and regulate transplant technique. People who suffer from lethal diseases (diabetes, AIDS, Hepatitis) are not able to donate their organs and tissues for transplantation [30].

Conclusion

Organ transplantation is basically a replacing of damaged organ. Organs are damage due to some injury or any other problem like a disease. Workers take organ from donor that may be living or deceased and transplant it into recipient. Donor donate their organ for many reasons like for loved one, forced donation, for money, etc. In many countries, organ selling is illegal like in America, but in some countries, it is legal like in Iran. About 90% organs are removed from prisoners who were not able to take decisions and the authorities remove their organs forcefully that increase the chance of disease transfer like HIV, Hepatitis B & C, etc. We are able to reduce these risks by using sterilized instruments and also screen the donor for HIV, Hepatitis B & C, etc, before removing organ. After transplant, some issues occur like rejection, diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Doctors refer some immunosuppressant for reducing the risk of rejection. But longterm use of immunosuppressant causes many diseases like high blood pressure, anxiety, etc.

For more Open access journals please visit our site: Juniper Publishers

For more articles please click on Journal of Cell Science & Molecular Biology

#Cell Science #Molecular biology #Stem cells #Open access journals #Juniper Publishers

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csrgood · 4 years

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ViacomCBS Networks to Air “ONE WORLD: TOGETHER AT HOME,” a Global Special to Celebrate and Support Frontline Healthcare Workers in the Fight Against the COVID-19 Pandemic, on Saturday, April 18

ViacomCBS networks in the U.S. and around the world will air ONE WORLD: TOGETHER AT HOME, a global televised and streamed special in support of the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, on Saturday, April 18 (8:00-10:00 PM, live ET). Check listings for local start times.

The ViacomCBS brands airing the special include broadcast networks CBS in the U.S., Channel 5 in the UK, Network 10 in Australia, and Telefe in Argentina; BET and MTV globally across 180+ countries; and CMT, Comedy Central, Logo, MTV2, Paramount Network, Pop, TV Land and VH1 in the U.S.

The historic broadcast will be hosted by Jimmy Fallon of “The Tonight Show,” Jimmy Kimmel of “Jimmy Kimmel Live” and Stephen Colbert of THE LATE SHOW with STEPHEN COLBERT. Also, friends from Sesame Street will be on hand to help unify and inspire people around the world to take meaningful actions that increase support for the Global COVID-19 Response.

HUGH EVANS, Co-Founder and CEO of Global Citizen, said: “As we honor and support the heroic efforts of community health workers, ONE WORLD: TOGETHER AT HOME aims to serve as a source of unity and encouragement in the global fight to end COVID-19. Through music, entertainment and impact, the global live-cast will celebrate those who risk their own health to safeguard everyone else’s.”

ONE WORLD: TOGETHER AT HOME will also be broadcast on ABC, ABC News, ABC News Live, Freeform, Nat Geo, NBC, Bravo, E!, MSNBC, NBC News, NBCNews.com, NBC News on YouTube, Peacock, Syfy, USA, iHeartMedia, and Bell Media Networks and platforms in Canada. Internationally, BBC One will run the program on Sunday April 19, 2020. Additional international broadcasters include beIN Media Group, MultiChoice Group and RTE.

In addition, the special will also be a multi-hour digital broadcast streaming online on multiple global platforms, including: Alibaba, Amazon Prime Video, Apple, Facebook, Instagram, LiveXLive, Tencent, Tencent Music Entertainment Group, TIDAL, TuneIn, Twitch, Twitter, Yahoo and YouTube. This digital special will include additional artists and performances from all over the globe as well as unique stories from the world’s healthcare heroes.

Curated in collaboration with Lady Gaga, broadcast to include Alanis Morissette, Andrea Bocelli, Billie Eilish, Billie Joe Armstrong of Green Day, Burna Boy, Chris Martin, David Beckham, Eddie Vedder, Elton John, FINNEAS, Idris and Sabrina Elba, J Balvin, John Legend, Kacey Musgraves, Keith Urban, Kerry Washington, Lang Lang, Lizzo, Maluma, Paul McCartney, Priyanka Chopra Jonas, Shah Rukh Khan and Stevie Wonder. People from around the world are asked to tune in and take action at www.globalcitizen.org/togetherathome.

“The World Health Organization is committed to defeating the coronavirus pandemic with science and public health measures, and supporting the health workers who are on the frontlines of the response,” said DR. TEDROS ADHANOM GHEBREYESUS, Director-General of the World Health Organization. “We may have to be apart physically for a little while, but we can still come together virtually to enjoy great music. The ONE WORLD: TOGETHER AT HOME concert represents a powerful show of solidarity against a common threat.”

“The United Nations system is fully mobilized: supporting country responses, placing our supply chains at the world’s disposal, and advocating for a global cease-fire. We are proud to join forces with ONE WORLD: TOGETHER AT HOME to help suppress the transmission of the virus, minimize social-economic impacts on the global community and work together now to advance Global Goals for the future,” said Secretary-General of the United Nations ANTÓNIO GUTERRES. “There is no greater case for collective action than our joint response to COVID-19 – we are in this together and we will get through this together.”

Last month in response to the global pandemic, Global Citizen launched an urgent campaign in support of the COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund for WHO, powered by the UN Foundation. Calling on individuals to take action, and asking world leaders and corporations to support both the response with sufficient resources, Global Citizens from over 130 countries around the world have taken tens of thousands of actions in support of the response fund.

At this critical moment in history, Global Citizen is also calling on philanthropists to join and support immediate COVID-19 response efforts as part of the organization’s Give While You Live effort. Investors, changemakers and foundation leaders are being urged to actualize their giving and invest quickly in related efforts like stronger health systems and vaccine development.

Over the past three weeks, the Together At Home series has featured performances from artists including, Chris Martin, John Legend, Charlie Puth, Common, Shawn Mendes, Camila Cabello, Ryan Tedder of OneRepublic, Niall Horan, Steve Aoki, Jennifer Hudson, Miguel, H.E.R., Anthony Hamilton, Rufus Wainwright, Hozier and Julianne Hough, among others in support of the WHO and Global Citizen’s campaign, among others, in support of the WHO and Global Citizen’s campaign.

Commitments from supporters and corporate partners will go to the COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund for WHO to support and equip healthcare workers around the world, and to local charities that provide food, shelter, and healthcare to those who need it most. These local groups have been verified to ensure that they are helping communities impacted by COVID-19.

For more information about Global Citizen and their campaign to support the WHO’s Solidarity Response Fund, please visit globalcitizen.org and follow @GlblCtzn Twitter, Facebook and Instagram using #GlobalCitizen.

ABOUT GLOBAL CITIZEN: Global Citizen is the world's largest movement of action takers and impact makers dedicated to ending extreme poverty by 2030. With over 10 million monthly advocates, our voices have the power to drive lasting change around sustainability, equality, and humanity. We post, tweet, message, vote, sign, and call to inspire those who can make things happen to act— government leaders, businesses, philanthropists, artists, and citizens—together improving lives. By downloading our app, Global Citizens learn about the systemic causes of extreme poverty, take action on those issues, and earn rewards, which can be redeemed for tickets to concerts, events, and experiences all over the world. To date, the actions of our community, along with high-level advocacy efforts and work with partners, has resulted in commitments and policy announcements from leaders valued at over $48 billion, affecting the lives of more than 2.25 billion people by 2030. For more information, visit www.GlobalCitizen.org.

ABOUT THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION: The World Health Organization (WHO) is the United Nations’ specialized agency for health. It is an inter-governmental organization and works in collaboration with its Member States usually through the Ministries of Health. The World Health Organization is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms and standards, articulating evidence-based policy options, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing health trends. Learn more at www.who.int.

ABOUT THE UNITED NATIONS FOUNDATION: The UN Foundation brings together the ideas, people, and resources the United Nations needs to drive global progress and tackle urgent problems. To support the work of the World Health Organization (WHO) in its global work on COVID-19, UN Foundation helped launch the COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund that has raised more than $100 million in less than two weeks for lifesaving work around the world. Learn more about the COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund at www.covid19responsefund.org. Learn more about the UN Foundation at www.unfoundation.org. Follow @unfoundation on Twitter and Instagram, and @United Nations Foundation on Facebook.

PRESS CONTACTS:

ViacomCBS Phil Gonzales, [email protected]

Global Citizen: Charmion Kinder, [email protected] Sunshine Sachs on behalf of Global Citizen, [email protected]

World Health Organization (WHO): Paul Garwood, [email protected] Alexey Kulikov, [email protected]

UN Foundation: Rajesh Mirchandani, [email protected]

source: https://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/44765-ViacomCBS-Networks-to-Air-ONE-WORLD-TOGETHER-AT-HOME-a-Global-Special-to-Celebrate-and-Support-Frontline-Healthcare-Workers-in-the-Fight-Against-the-COVID-19-Pandemic-on-Saturday-April-18?tracking_source=rss

#CSR #corporate social responsibility #social good #philanthropy #employee engagement #workplace givi

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mcdouglecompany-blog · 4 years

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Prager University Part 39

For a list of all ACU Shows on Prager U visit ACU-Prager U

What Was the Enlightenment?

The Dark Art of Framing.

Margaret Thatcher: The Woman Who Saved Great Britain.

If You Hate Israel, You're No Friend of the Jews.

The Real Napoleon Bonaparte

In 1913, The Whole Town Went For A Run

"I Don't Want To Be A Monster"

The Amazing History of Christmas.

The Myth of Voter Suppression.

Troy Beat Cancer

What Was the Enlightenment?

Watch this video at- https://youtu.be/S9AL0TUHuuM

PragerU

The European Enlightenment of the 18th century introduced the world to modern science, economics, medicine, and political freedom – or so we’re told. But is what we’re told accurate? Political philosopher Yoram Hazony explores this question and offers some surprising answers in this truly enlightening video.

Script: Modern science, medicine, political freedom, the market economy—all of them, we’re told, are the result of a sort of miracle that took place 250 years ago. That miracle is called the Enlightenment, a moment in history when philosophers suddenly overthrew religious dogma and tradition and replaced it with human reason. Harvard professor Steven Pinker puts it this way: “Progress is a gift of the ideals of the Enlightenment.” There’s just one problem with this claim. It isn’t really true. Consider the U.S. Constitution, which is frequently said to be a product of Enlightenment thought. But you only need to read about English common law—which Alexander Hamilton and James Madison certainly did—to see that this isn’t so. Already in the 15th-century, the English jurist John Fortescue elaborated the theory of “checks and balances,” due process, and the role of private property in securing individual freedom and economic prosperity. Similarly, the U.S. Bill of Rights has its sources in English common law of the 1600s. Or consider modern science and medicine. Long before the Enlightenment, tradition-bound English kings sponsored path-breaking scientific institutions such as the Royal College of Physicians, founded in 1518, and the Royal Society of London, founded in 1660. The truth is that statesmen and philosophers, especially in England and the Netherlands, articulated the principles of free government centuries before America was founded. So why give the Enlightenment all the credit? Apparently because it doesn’t look good to admit that the best and most important parts of modernity were given to us by individuals who nearly all held conservative religious and political beliefs. The claim that all good things come from the Enlightenment is most closely associated with the late-18th-century German philosopher, Immanuel Kant. For Kant, reason is universal, infallible, and independent of experience. His extraordinarily dogmatic philosophy insisted that there can be only one correct answer to every question in science, morality and politics. And that to reach the one correct answer, mankind had to free itself from the chains of the past—that is, from history, tradition and experience. But this Enlightenment view is not only wrong, it’s dangerous. Human reason, when cut loose from the constraints imposed by history, tradition and experience, produces a lot of crazy notions. The abstract Enlightenment philosophy of Jean Jacques Rousseau is a good example. It quickly pulled down the French state, leading to the French Revolution, the Reign of Terror, and the Napoleonic Wars. Millions died as Napoleon’s armies sought to rebuild every government in Europe in light of the one correct political theory he believed was permitted by Enlightenment philosophy. Today’s cheerleaders for the Enlightenment tend to skip this part of the story. They also pass over the fact that the father of communism, Karl Marx, saw himself as promoting universal reason as well. His new “science” of economics ended up killing tens of millions of people in the 20th century. So did the supposedly scientific race theories of the Nazis. The greatest catastrophes of modernity were engineered by individuals who claimed to be exercising reason. In contrast, most of the progress we’ve made comes from conservative traditions openly skeptical of human reason. The Enlightenment’s critics, including John Selden, David Hume, Adam Smith, and Edmund Burke, emphasized the unreliability of “abstract reasoning” and urged us to stick close to custom, history, and experience in all things. For the complete script, visit https://www.prageru.com/video/what-wa...

Donate today to PragerU! http://l.prageru.com/2eB2p0h To view the script, sources, quiz, visit https://www.prageru.com/video/what-wa... Join PragerU's text list to have these videos, free merchandise giveaways and breaking announcements sent directly to your phone! https://optin.mobiniti.com/prageru Do you shop on Amazon? Click https://smile.amazon.com and a percentage of every Amazon purchase will be donated to PragerU. Same great products. Same low price. Shopping made meaningful. FOLLOW us! Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/prageru Twitter: https://twitter.com/prageru Instagram: https://instagram.com/prageru/ JOIN PragerFORCE! For Students: http://l.prageru.com/2aozfkP JOIN our Educators Network! http://l.prageru.com/2aoz2y9

The Dark Art of Framing.

https://youtu.be/IMJzv_OLFj4

PragerU

Why do intelligent people – sometimes even our friends and family members – continue to fall for the Left’s false narrative? Jeff Myers, President of Summit Ministries, offers some compelling insight into the ways in which the Left manipulates words and emotions, and what you can do to protect yourself. This video was made possible through our partnership with Summit Ministries. Learn more: https://www.summit.org/resources/prag...

Script: If you’re a movie buff, you’ve probably seen a picture of a director, thumbs joined together, index fingers forming a square, showing the camera operator how to frame the shot. The camera can’t see everything, right? The art of directing is framing every shot so the audience sees exactly what the director wants them to see. We all do something like this in making arguments, whether personal or political. It’s not necessarily a bad thing. We only have so much time to make our points. But there is a downside. Often arguments end up unfairly skewed by the information they include or leave out. If you understand how framing works, you’ll have a better chance of seeing through weak arguments and appreciating good ones. Let’s look at some examples. Take socialism. Socialism is enjoying renewed popularity, especially among young people. Why is this, given the failure of the socialist model in places like the former Soviet Union, Cuba, and Venezuela? The answer is that socialism has been very cleverly framed by its proponents. Socialism, we are told, is morally superior because it makes people “more equal.” Those who have more than their fair share have to give it back. What could possibly be wrong with leveling the playing field? Who’s against equality? When framed that way, socialism is made to seem the only moral choice. So if you’re opposed to it, you’re framed as regressive, selfish, and pretty much a jerk. Another example of framing is the issue of religious freedom. The American Civil Liberties Union website says that “The Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment gives you the right to worship or not as you choose. The government can't penalize you because of your religious beliefs.” It sounds good—but only because of the framing. The Constitution doesn’t speak about the right to worship and to hold beliefs. Those are a given. The Constitution specifically defends the free exercise of religion. And that means freedom to act on your religious beliefs and not to be forced to violate them. And that also includes the right to influence others—just as secular people can. Yet people who want to exercise their religion in these ways are framed as bigots. Martin Castro, former chair of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights for the Obama Administration, wrote that religious freedom is a “code word” for “discrimination, intolerance, racism, sexism, homophobia, and Islamophobia.” So even if courts uphold your religious freedom, you’re still a “hater.” Speaking of hate, “hate speech” is another example of framing. “Hate speech is not free speech” is a common refrain on college campuses. And what counts as “hate speech”? Whatever people who say “hate speech is not free speech” find hateful. And that number is growing at an alarming pace, according to several recent studies. There are many other examples. People who question climate change policies are framed as “science deniers”; people who oppose abortion—even late-term abortion in a healthy pregnancy—are framed as “waging a war on women.” So how does someone who wants to present the other side of these arguments deal with this framing tactic? First, reject biased framing. Now that you know what framing is, you’ll be able to spot it. That’s half the battle. Say something like, “Do you think that’s the whole story? Let me suggest another way of looking at it.” For the complete script, visit https://www.prageru.com/video/the-dar...

Margaret Thatcher: The Woman Who Saved Great Britain.

https://youtu.be/XeBHDSsogf8

PragerU

You’ve heard her name. You might even have seen a film about her. But do you know the whole story of Margaret Thatcher – where she came from, what she stood for, and the impact she had on Great Britain and the world? Renowned historian Niall Ferguson explains how the Iron Lady earned her status as one of the most important and influential women of the 20th century.

Script: If you think the world is a mess now, that just means you weren’t around in the 1970s. In Britain, where I grew up, the low point was known as “the winter of discontent,” a line borrowed from Shakespeare’s Richard III. The inflation rate in 1975 was 27 percent. The trains were always late. The payphones were always broken. Nothing worked. Worst of all were the recurrent strikes. Strikes by coal miners. Strikes by dockers. Strikes by printers. Strikes by refuse collectors. Strikes even by gravediggers. It felt as if there was no way back. And then came Margaret Thatcher. Between May 1979, when she entered 10 Downing Street as prime minister, and November 1990, when she stepped down, she changed everything. Born on October 13, 1925, she was an improbable savior. Nothing in her middle-class childhood suggested the future ahead of her. A diligent student, she got into Oxford as a chemistry major. She worked for a small plastics company after leaving college but was rejected for a position at the British chemical giant ICI because, as the personnel report stated, “This woman is headstrong, obstinate and dangerously self-opinionated.” She needed all three of those attributes when she entered the world of politics as a Conservative candidate in 1950. After several failures, she finally entered Parliament in 1959. For the next two decades, she steadily worked her way up through the party ranks. As early as 1975, Thatcher had come up with a wonderful line about the opposition Labour Party: “They’ve got the usual Socialist disease—they’ve run out of other people’s money.” This she contrasted memorably with what she called “the British inheritance”: “A man’s right to work as he will, to spend what he earns, to own property, to have the state as servant and not as master …” This was the essence of Thatcherism, and it was just the tonic that the patient—the British economy—needed. It’s fashionable nowadays to argue that there was no Thatcher miracle in the 1980s. Not only is that demonstrably false, it misses an essential point: Thatcherism wasn’t just about raising productivity or creating jobs. Just as important was the goal of defeating inflation and restoring prosperity to the middle class. This it emphatically achieved. Yet the event that, more than any other, defined Margaret Thatcher’s premiership was not economic but military. The Falklands War against Argentina established her irrevocably in the public mind as the new Britannia, a warrior queen who gloried in victory. And, of course, it ensured a Conservative win in the 1983 election. There is no question that sending the Royal Navy Task Force to the South Atlantic took great political courage. Many in her own party pushed for a negotiated settlement. But the lady was not for turning—not because she was nostalgic for the days of empire, but because the invasion was, to her mind, morally and legally wrong. For the complete script, visit https://www.prageru.com/video/margare...

If You Hate Israel, You're No Friend of the Jews.

https://youtu.be/aKUyajBKZmg

PragerU

It’s one thing to criticize Israel. It’s another thing entirely to be against the very existence of the Jewish state. In this clarifying video, Dennis Prager defines the difference and explains why anti-Zionism and anti-Semitism are one and the same.

Script: Imagine a group of people who work to destroy Italy because, they claim, Italy’s origins are illegitimate. Imagine further that these people maintain that of all the countries in the world, only Italy doesn’t deserve to exist. And then imagine that these people vigorously deny that they are anti-Italian. Would you believe them? Now substitute “Israel” for “Italy,” and you’ll understand the dishonesty and absurdity of the argument that one can be anti-Zionist—that is, against the existence of a Jewish state—but not anti-Semitic. But that is precisely what anti-Zionists say. They argue that Israel’s existence is illegitimate. They don’t believe this of any other country in the world, no matter how bloody its origins. And then they get offended when they’re accused of being anti-Semitic. How can they make this argument? First, they change the topic. They say it’s unfair to charge those who merely “criticize” Israel with being anti-Semitic. But criticism of Israel is fine. Denying Israel’s right to exist isn’t. Anti-Zionism isn’t criticism of Israel. Anti-Zionism is opposition to Israel’s existence. Zionism is the name of the movement that advocates for the return of Jews to their historic homeland. Over the past 3,000 years, there were only two independent states located in what is called Israel. Both were Jewish states, and invaders destroyed both. No Arab or Muslim or any other country ever existed in that land, which was only named Palestine by the Romans to remove all memory of the Jewish state they destroyed in the year 70. Second, anti-Zionists claim they can’t be anti-Jewish because Zionism has nothing to do with Judaism. That’s equally false. It is the same as saying Italy has nothing to do with being Italian. Judaism has always—always—consisted of three components: God, Torah and Israel. If Israel isn’t part of Judaism, neither is the Bible or God. Third, anti-Zionists claim that Judaism is only a religion; therefore, Jews are only members of a religion, not a nation. But the Jews are called a “nation” more than a hundred times in the Bible. That is why there can be irreligious, secular and even atheist Jews—because Jews are not only a religion. They are also a people, or a nation. There are no atheist Christians because Christianity is only a religion. Fourth, the anti-Zionists claim that Israel is illegitimate because it is racist. This is the fraudulent charge Israel-haters and America-haters make against two of the least racist societies in the world. Half of Israel’s Jews are not even white, and anyone, of any race or ethnicity, can become a Jew. Plus, 1 of 5 Israelis isn’t a Jew. And these Israeli citizens, mostly Arab Muslims, have the same rights as Jewish Israelis. As for Israel’s control of the West Bank, that has nothing to do with race. Israel doesn’t control the West Bank because Palestinians are of another race—but because Palestinians and their Arab allies tried to destroy Israel in 1967, and they lost the war. Palestinians have rejected offers to found their own state on five separate occasions since 1947. That’s the only reason they don’t have their own state. And why have they always rejected building a Palestinian state? Because they have always been more interested in destroying the Jewish state. For the complete script, visit https://www.prageru.com/video/if-you-...

@realNapoleonBonaparte

https://youtu.be/UqJuSRLsJzc

PragerU

He was the most famous man of his time – so much so that his name still defines his age. Born on an obscure island into humble circumstances, he rose to conquer a continent. Yet most today know little of him beyond their impression from popular caricature. His improbable story and its far-reaching consequences – both positive and negative – are the subject of this video from renowned historian and Napoleon scholar Andrew Roberts.

Script: Napoleon Bonaparte was the most famous man of the 19th century. At the peak of his power, he personally controlled more of the European continent than anyone since the great emperors of Rome. Today, most people see him as an ambitious little man with an outsized ego. Others see him as a forerunner of the great aggressor of the twentieth century, Adolph Hitler. This portrait is as flawed as it is unfair. Napoleon Bonaparte was born on the 15th of August, 1769 on the Mediterranean island of Corsica. Ironically, the island, long connected to the city-state of Genoa, Italy, only became part of France the year before he was born. But for this twist of fate, Napoleon would never have been a French citizen, let alone its emperor. His parents sent him to the mainland at the age of nine where he studied to be a soldier. His facility in mathematics, organization, and map-reading marked him for future success. The French Revolution, with its overworked guillotine, provided a unique opportunity for advancement—that is, for anyone who could keep his head (literally). Napoleon did. He became a general by the age of twenty-four. At the age of twenty-six, he achieved a series of stunning victories in Italy against an Austrian army that had come to destroy the revolution and return the French royal family, the Bourbons, to the throne. These victories made him a national hero. As shrewd a politician as he was a general, by the first month of the new century, at the tender age of 30, Napoleon was the undisputed leader of France. He crowned himself emperor on December 2, 1804, turning the French Republic into the French Empire with a Bonaparte line of succession. Napoleon’s establishment of a French empire only increased the fears of the royal houses of Europe and of France’s historical enemy, Britain. As a result, in September 1805, Austria invaded Bavaria, a French ally, and Russia joined the attack. Napoleon and his Grande Armée roundly defeated them at the Battle of Austerlitz. The Prussians were the next to test Napoleon, declaring war on him in 1806. The Austrians tried again in 1809. Napoleon didn’t start any of these wars, but he won them all. When Russia broke an uneasy peace in 1812, Napoleon decided to invade. But this proved his undoing. His catastrophic winter retreat from Moscow cost him more than half a million casualties. The end came in June 1815 at the Battle of Waterloo, where the combined European armies, led by the Duke of Wellington, decisively defeated Napoleon’s forces. The battle could have gone either way. Wellington himself described it as “the nearest-run thing you ever saw in your life.” In all, Napoleon won 46 of the 60 battles he fought, drawing seven and losing seven. His record clearly marks him as one of the greatest military commanders of all time. Yet, while Napoleon is best remembered for his military exploits, it’s his political reforms—both inside and outside of France—that had the most lasting effect. For the complete script, visit https://www.prageru.com/video/@realNa...

In 1913, The Whole Town Went For A Run... (excerpt from Douglas Murray)

https://youtu.be/CYRwdF1Che8

Oh Hale YEAH!

The Story of the Day the Whole Town Went For a Run... because the Dam Broke. The dam breaks online everyday. ******************************************************************* WHERE YOU CAN LISTEN TO/READ MY CONTENT: ► TruthSeeker Newsletter- http://bit.ly/ohytruthseeker ► PODCAST: SPREAKER- https://www.spreaker.com/show/oh-hale... ► PODCAST: iTunes - http://bit.ly/ohysubscribe ► PODCAST: Google - http://bit.ly/OHYGoogle ► QUORA - https://goo.gl/31USZa ► MEDIUM - https://goo.gl/fMTWZR ► INSTAGRAM- @Oohaleyeah ► FACEBOOK - https://goo.gl/7tA4N6 ► PATREON - https://www.patreon.com/OhHaleYeah ► TWITTER- https://goo.gl/85RFf2 ► PAYPAL- www.paypal.me/OHHALEYEAH ► SUBSCRIBE - https://www.youtube.com/c/OhHaleYEAH PLAYLISTS ► THE CLIMATE SCAM► https://goo.gl/nndfC4 ► THE EDUCATION SCAM ► https://goo.gl/THvGvn ► THE ABORTION SCAM► https://goo.gl/8HbBGx ► THE MEDIA SCAM ► https://goo.gl/113Rts ►THE GENDER SCAM► https://goo.gl/CSDHvG ► THE SCIENCE SCAM► https://goo.gl/JuATSE ► MUSLIM JIHAD & THE ISLAMIC CALIPHATE ► https://goo.gl/HzRTy4 ► FEMINISM IS CANCER► https://goo.gl/nsnGJN ► COMMUNISM, FASCISM, SOCIALISM, PROGRESSIVISM ► https://goo.gl/kZGSAA ► SUNDAY SCHOOL ► ►THAT'S RACIST!► https://goo.gl/nDSuFn ►LIVESTREAMS► PLEASE SUBSCRIBE to support this channel. ********************************************************************

"I Don't Want To Be A Monster"

https://youtu.be/4dH6FZOu8ws

Oh Hale YEAH!

Nathan wasn't born a monster...he was made one. Then the same people who made him... put him down. This is one of the saddest things I have read in a while. You have to wonder, in the last moments of his life...who were the real monsters? In 50 years how will we be looked at that the movement that allowed this to happen was championed in society? My Walt Heyer interview: https://youtu.be/0ePOS8_F_z4 *I messed up the quote...It is supposed to be that a Transgender ally is someone who tells a JUMPER that happiness is at the bottom of the cliff* The excerpt is from Douglas Murray's book "The Madness of Crowds":

The Amazing History of Christmas.

Watch this video at- https://youtu.be/fVxGfOqIg8s

PragerU

How much do you know about Christmas – about its origins and its many beloved traditions? Do you know where the idea of stocking-stuffers comes from? Or how lights found their way onto the Christmas tree? Or why we all have the jolly, red-suited, white-haired image of Santa Claus in our heads? In this video, historian William Federer explores the holiday’s rich and unique history.

Script: “‘Twas the night before Christmas and all through the house, not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse…” You probably know what happens next. But do you know who wrote this poem, and when? Do you know where the tradition of the Christmas tree comes from? Lights on the Christmas tree? Stockings? Even the idea of gift-giving? No holiday has a richer and more varied tradition than Christmas. So let’s look into its history and see if we can uncover some of that richness and tradition. And if you don’t celebrate Christmas—well, at least you’ll have a better appreciation of why so many people do. Here’s what everybody knows: Christmas is when Christians celebrate the birthday of Jesus Christ. That in itself is a very big deal. Christianity, in all its many iterations, remains the most popular religion in the world. Two billion people follow it. Aside from its obvious religious significance, the first Christmas stands as the great divide for the recording of human history. Until recently, history was divided between BC (Before Christ) and AD (Anno Domini, which is Latin for “Year of Our Lord”). Now you’ll often see BCE (Before the Common Era) and CE (Common Era). No matter. The divide is still Jesus’s birth. The great kings of the first millennium recognized the significance of the day and attached themselves to it. Charlemagne, Alfred the Great, and William the Conqueror, among many others, were either baptized or coronated on December 25. The idea of Christmas as a time of gift-giving also goes back to the earliest days of Christianity. The story is told that a third-century church bishop, Nicholas, would anonymously throw bags of gold coins into the windows of the poor. The coins supposedly landed in the shoes or stockings that were drying by the fireplace. Thus, was the stocking stuffer born. After Nicholas died and was declared a saint, his popularity and positive Christmas message spread across Europe, each nation adding its own distinct contribution. In Germany, the winter tradition of placing evergreens in their homes took on a new significance in the 16th century when Protestant reformer Martin Luther put candles in the branches. He told his children the lights were like the sky above Bethlehem on the night of Christ's birth. The idea that St. Nicholas would judge whether you’ve been good or bad during the year stems from the Book of Revelation in the New Testament, which depicts Christ returning to Earth riding a white horse. In the Middle Ages, the legend sprang up that Saint Nicholas had been chosen as the Savior’s advance guard. He wouldn’t come at the end of the world, but every year to check things out and give a report. When this notion arrived in Norway, it encountered a problem: there were no horses in Norway. But they did have plenty of reindeer. And, of course, Norway abuts the Arctic Circle and the North Pole, so St. Nick found himself with a new domicile. All these various European traditions came together in the great melting pot of America. In New York in 1823, a professor at the Protestant Episcopal Seminary, Clement Moore, wrote a poem for his children, 'Twas the night before Christmas: "…The stockings were hung by the chimney with care, In hopes that St. Nicholas soon would be there…" The poem caught on and became a Christmas staple every school child could recite. For the complete script, visit https://www.prageru.com/video/the-ama...

The Myth of Voter Suppression.

https://youtu.be/Hgipa2cdbVk

PragerU

Do Republicans win elections by preventing minorities from voting? The Left says yes, but the data says no. Jason Riley, senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute, settles the argument with hard evidence, separating fact from fiction.

Script: Do Republicans win elections by preventing minorities—blacks, Latinos, and others—from voting? For those on the left and their allies in the major media, the answer is yes; even more than that, it’s an article of faith. The usual example they offer is state laws, often passed by Republican-majority legislatures, requiring voters to present a photo ID at their polling place—something required in almost every other democracy in the world. According to the left, voter ID depresses minority turnout and is therefore a blatant form of racial discrimination. But there’s a problem with this accusation: there’s no evidence to support it. Minorities are voting in greater numbers and at higher percentages than ever before. The facts and figures are there for anyone to see. Still, progressives and most of the political press don’t seem to have noticed. Or maybe they just don’t want to look. At a 2019 NAACP dinner in Detroit, California Senator Kamala Harris told the audience that “voter suppression” in Georgia and Florida cost Democrats gubernatorial races in the 2018 midterm elections. “Let’s say this loud and clear,” said Ms. Harris. “Without voter suppression, Stacey Abrams would be the governor of Georgia. Andrew Gillum is the governor of Florida.” A few days earlier, Ms. Abrams herself, apparently still bitter over her defeat, made a similar claim. “We had an architect of voter suppression that spent the last eight years knitting together a system of voter suppression that is unparalleled in America,” said Ms. Abrams in reference to her Republican opponent, a former Georgia secretary of state. But if minorities are harmed by mandating voter ID and other anti-fraud measures such as removing inactive voters from registration rolls, why does the evidence all point to the opposite conclusion? A recent Census Bureau report found that voter turnout in 2018 climbed 11 percentage points from the last midterm election in 2014, surpassing 50% for the first time since 1982. Moreover, the increased turnout was largely driven by the same minority voters Democrats claim are being disenfranchised. Black turnout grew around 27%, and Hispanic turnout increased about 50%. None of this comes as news to anyone who pays attention to sober facts instead of inflammatory rhetoric. The black voter turnout rate for the most part has grown steadily since the 1990s. This has occurred notwithstanding an increase in state voter-ID requirements over the same period. In 2012, blacks voted at higher rates than whites nationwide, including in Georgia, which was one of the first states in the country to implement a photo-ID requirement for voting. Ms. Abrams claims that Republicans have been hard at work trying to disenfranchise black voters, but the reality is that black voter registration is outpacing white registration in the Peach State. These gains are not limited to blacks. Voting has been up substantially in all minority groups. An analysis of the census data published by Pew Research Center found that “all major racial and ethnic groups saw historic jumps in voter turnout” in 2018. For the complete script, visit https://www.prageru.com/video/the-myt...

Troy Beat Cancer

Watch this video at- https://youtu.be/g1LTQwizH08

#missingtypes #redcross

American Red Cross

Published on Jun 10, 2019

Troy was 16 when diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and required 47 blood and platelet transfusions to keep him strong enough to beat cancer. On multiple occasions he went to the hospital needing blood and platelets and his blood type was not available. A few missing letters may not seem like a big deal, but for a hospital patient who needs type A, B or O blood, these letters mean life. This June, the American Red Cross is launching the Missing Types campaign to encourage new blood donors to give and help ensure patients like Troy have the lifesaving blood products they need. Help fill the missing types - schedule your blood donation appointment today at http://redcrossblood.org/missingtypes #missingtypes #redcross

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The Rational Bible: Exodus by Dennis Prager

NATIONAL BESTSELLER "Dennis Prager has put together one of the most stunning commentaries in modern times on the most profound document in human history. It's a must-read that every person, religious and non-religious, should buy and peruse every night before bed. It'll make you think harder, pray more ardently, and understand your civilization better." — Ben Shapiro, host of "The Ben Shapiro Show" "Dennis Prager’s commentary on Exodus will rank among the greatest modern Torah commentaries. That is how important I think it is. And I am clearly not alone... It might well be on its way to becoming the most widely read Torah commentary of our time—and by non-Jews as well as by Jews." — Rabbi Joseph Telushkin, bestselling author of Jewish Literacy Why do so many people think the Bible, the most influential book in world history, is outdated? Why do our friends and neighbors – and sometimes we ourselves – dismiss the Bible as irrelevant, irrational, immoral, or all of these things? This explanation of the Book of Exodus, the second book of the Bible, will demonstrate that the Bible is not only powerfully relevant to today’s issues, but completely consistent with rational thought. Do you think the Bible permitted the trans-Atlantic slave trade? You won’t after reading this book. Do you struggle to love your parents? If you do, you need this book. Do you doubt the existence of God because belief in God is “irrational?” This book will give you reason after reason to rethink your doubts. The title of this commentary is, “The Rational Bible” because its approach is entirely reason-based. The reader is never asked to accept anything on faith alone. As Prager says, “If something I write does not make rational sense, I have not done my job.” The Rational Bible is the fruit of Dennis Prager’s forty years of teaching the Bible to people of every faith, and no faith. On virtually every page, you will discover how the text relates to the contemporary world and to your life. His goal: to change your mind – and then change your life.

Highly Recommended by ACU.

Purchase his book at-

https://www.amazon.com/Rational-Bible-Exodus-Dennis-Prager/dp/1621577724

The Rational Bible: Genesis by Dennis Prager

USA Today bestseller Publishers Weekly bestseller Wall Street Journal bestseller Many people today think the Bible, the most influential book in world history, is not only outdated but irrelevant, irrational, and even immoral. This explanation of the Book of Genesis, the first book of the Bible, demonstrates clearly and powerfully that the opposite is true. The Bible remains profoundly relevant—both to the great issues of our day and to each individual life. It is the greatest moral guide and source of wisdom ever written. Do you doubt the existence of God because you think believing in God is irrational? This book will give you many reasons to rethink your doubts. Do you think faith and science are in conflict? You won’t after reading this commentary on Genesis. Do you come from a dysfunctional family? It may comfort you to know that every family discussed in Genesis was highly dysfunctional! The title of this commentary is “The Rational Bible” because its approach is entirely reason-based. The reader is never asked to accept anything on faith alone. In Dennis Prager’s words, “If something I write is not rational, I have not done my job.” The Rational Bible is the fruit of Dennis Prager’s forty years of teaching the Bible—whose Hebrew grammar and vocabulary he has mastered—to people of every faith and no faith at all. On virtually every page, you will discover how the text relates to the contemporary world in general and to you personally. His goal: to change your mind—and, as a result, to change your life.

Highly Recommended by ACU.

Purchase his book at-

https://www.amazon.com/Rational-Bible-Genesis-Dennis-Prager/dp/1621578984

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TJ Hale is highly recommended by ACU. Check out his channel today! Oh Hale YEAH!

Click here to download the episode

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journalofsportsmedicine · 5 years

Text

Juniper Publishers-Attention and Considerations about Strabismus and Amblyopia: Role of Adapted Physical Education

Abstract

The educational system of special schools, in its broad conception, is aimed at general training work, with the aim of integrating fully children and young people with special educational needs to society, taking into consideration the potential of development. In Cuba, attention to people with disabilities in the visual sensory system, is one of the lines prioritized by the Ministry of Education, the schools responsible for fulfilling this social order in school children with strabismus and amblyopic have a transitory nature, being Its main objective is to reintegrate into general education, after receiving a system of psycho pedagogical and ophthalmological influences that make it easier for the learner to be included, in the shortest possible time, together with his visual recovery. Hence, the importance that merits its treatment from different edges that pay tribute to the optimal development in which Adapted Physical Education plays a significant role.

Keywords: Strabismus; Amblyopic; Visual motor coordination; Adapted Physical Education

Introduction

The visual capacity allows analyzing the visual stimuli that reach the brain and give correct answers. It is unique for each individual and depends on environmental, psychological or intellectual and physiological variables (visual acuity, visual field, chromatic vision, binocular vision and refraction) [1]. In the vision apparatus, after completion of the embryonic development, several fundamental parts located in the orbits are distinguished, they are: muscles, organs and eyeballs attached to the optic nerves that, with the rest of the intracranial structures, they process and transmit the information through visual aids [2]. The eyeball is composed of layers or structures that make up its continent and what lies within it, which is its content. The continent is formed by 3 superimposed layers or tunics: the fibrous or external, composed of the cornea and the sclera; the intermediate or vascular, formed by the iris, ciliary body and choroid and the internal, nervous or sensory called retina. The content is formed by the lens, the aqueous humor and the vitreous body (Figure 1).

If the rays coming from the observed object do not focus on the retina to form the image, it is blurred and prevents the mechanisms of visual development from being installed correctly and perfected. To create a clear image in the retina, four fundamental processes are produced.

a) The refraction of the light rays: Change of direction, the rays pass obliquely from one transparent medium to another of different optical density.

b) Accommodation: Set of ocular modifications that occur when the visual apparatus is stimulated by the presentation of a nearby object and these modifications consist essentially in the increase of the refractive power of the lens to sharply focus said stimulus on the retina.

c) The contraction of the pupil: By means of the muscle fibers of the iris.

The convergence of the eyes, when the luminous rays coming from an object impinge on corresponding points of both retinas. It is intimately related to accommodation, without the convergence is not possible accommodation, because a given accommodative effort corresponds to the same effort of convergence. This function can also be affected (with insufficiency or excess thereof) and produces discomfort such as diplopia (double vision).

The correct visual perception is an essential condition for the development of an adequate learning. The difficulty in it presupposes a distorted perception of reality, manifesting itself in the difficulties of the scholar in recognizing the objects and the relationships they maintain in space, showing awkwardness in everyday tasks and motor skills in general [3]. Binocular vision, as it occurs in humans, is one of the greatest perfections achieved in the transformation of biological species. It is the result of a complex retinocerebral process: optical, sensory and motor, through which the visual sensations that affect each of the eyes are processed and fused in a single perception (fusion) and with a sense of depth (stereopsis) [4].

The evolutionary character of the vision can be analyzed in three fundamental stages [5]:

a) First Stage (from newborn to one year): It is characterized by the child's reaction to the stimuli of intense light, for example, after two months the child follows his eyes to a person, after three months the movement follows of the finger and moves the head, at four months looks at his hand and takes the objects and at six can observe an object carefully, for one or two minutes. Developing in this time what is known as visual-manual coordination and binocular vision since both eyes begin to work as a team.

b) Second Stage (from one year to five years): There is a greater development of visual memory.

c) Third Stage (from five to eight years): After five years, the period of stabilization of vision begins, where what is fundamental is the preparation of the eyes for the learning process of reading and writing and mathematics.

The analysis of the above criteria allows us to appreciate that even though the development of visual-manual coordination and the binocular vision has already started from the first stage, it is not until after the five years that the stabilization period of the view. Attending to the previous criteria, the vision is summarized as the sense of the social relation par excellence, of the learning of the world that surrounds the man and of the communication, constituting the sensory faculty of perceiving and recognizing figures, showing difficulties in this, the schoolchildren with strabismus and amblyopia.

Development

According to Pascual [6], visual impairment refers to the deficiency in vision that, despite having correction, affects people in their daily lives in a negative way. There are congenital deficiencies (people have never had vision) and acquired ones (related to the affectation, gradual or sudden vision). Within this disability are:

a) Blindness: Visual acuity less than 3/60 or loss of visual field in the best eye and with the best possible correction (categories 3, 4, 5).

b) Low Vision: Visual acuity less than 6/18, but equal to or better than 3/60 in the best eye and with the best possible correction (categories 1,2). The strabismus and amblyopuses are also considered part of this group.

Visual development represents for students with strabismus and amblyopia an element of great importance for the acquisition of knowledge, acting as a spontaneous facilitator and multiplier of the process of interaction with the environment that surrounds them, attending to their particular characteristics. School children with strabismus and amblyopic are inserted into the special school system. This educational system in its broad conception, is aimed at comprehensive training work, with the aim of fully integrating children and young people with special educational needs to society, always taking into consideration the potential of the development of school children [7]. In Cuba these schools have a character of transit, their main objective being to reintegrate into general education after receiving a system of psycho pedagogical and ophthalmological influences that facilitate their inclusion in the shortest time possible, together with their visual recovery [8].

"The term strabismus comes from the Greek strabismus, which means to deviate or twist the eyes and is not only cause of decreased vision and amblyopia, but also of psychological disorders, for the aesthetic problem that accompanies it" [9]. The specialized bibliography consulted, reflects different authors that define the term of strabismus, among these: Tamarit [10], Maqueira [11], Serrano [12] and Santaballa [13]. The elements addressed by the previous authors allow appreciating, as a common element of strabismus, the loss of the parallelism of the eyes or of the ocular axes. In this regard, monocular movements are identified, around its three axes of rotation (ducciones) and binoculars, in which the eyes move, in the same direction and sense (versions), or in the same direction and in the opposite direction, called vergences [9].

Among the sensorial alterations in strabismus are: diplopia and confusion of images, produced the first, by a monocular deviation, where the object that is seen by the fovea of the fixating eye, impresses in the deviated eye an area of retina not corresponding to the other eye that is right so the object is located in the visual field of each eye in two different places. This can produce diplopia, if the brain does not suppress that second image, called "false image” that is of lower quality. In the same way, the deviated eye receives the impression of a different object in its fovea, which is located superimposed on the object fixed by the fovea of the eye that at that moment does not deflect; that is why confusion of images occurs.

Heredity and prematurity are two of the causes that can cause strabismus. This can be classified in orthophoria that is not more than the parallelism of the ocular axes. If this alignment is obtained postoperatively, it is called orthotropy. The heterotropy or permanent deviation of the eyes is another of the ways in which strabismus is classified. There is also the heterophoria, which are strabismus that cannot be seen with the naked eye; They are only detected in a temporary way in certain circumstances such as physical or mental fatigue, or in the course of tests of occlusion of an eye, where it stops working to maintain parallelism, as there is no binocular visual stimulus that requires it. When describing these types of ocular muscular balance disorders, called phoria and tropias, the prefixes are used (inside or convergent), exo (outside or divergent), hyper (upward) and hypo (downward).

Even when strabismus can manifest itself in different ways and with different levels of affectation, schoolchildren with this disability have an eccentric (not central) fixation, where the projections of images from the outside can be incorrect, bringing with them poor visual perceptions and false concepts or distorted objects and phenomena of reality. Fatigue occurs frequently in these students due to prolonged visual activity, which influences their ability to work, requiring teachers and parents to understand their visual manifestations to help them overcome the limitation and contribute to their development visual. This implies that the activities are carried out taking into account the sense of their deviation and the adaptations that can be made based on this.

An important element to take into account, is the fact that, in schoolchildren with the presence of strabismus, all the images they perceive with one eye become predominant and those that the other eye looks at are not perceived by what becomes amblyopia, produced by strabismus constituting the deviation of the visual axis or cross vision, leading the first form to amblyopia by suppression [14]. The term amblyopia comes from the Greek amblus, weak and oasis, vision. This condition appears due to the lack of consolidation of visual acuity, following the lack of stimuli or the presence of these in an inadequate or insufficient way. The period of sensory plasticity is maximum during the first 18 months of life, but maintains a sensitive potential for change, although to a lesser degree, up to seven or eight years, which allows for visual rehabilitation treatment that will be more beneficial the more early, apply. Occlusion of the healthy eye is recommended to improve amblyopic vision.

Amblyopia is the unilateral or less commonly bilateral reduction of corrected visual acuity, which cannot be attributed directly to a structural damage of the eye or the posterior visual pathway. Strabismus, high ametropia or anisometropias and visual deprivations are four of the causes that can cause amblyopia. This can be classified as strabismic amblyopia, which is possibly the most common form of amblyopia, where the fovea of the deviated eye receives images out of focus; anisometropic and ametropic amblyopia: it appears when an unequal refraction error in both eyes causes the image to be continuously out of focus in the retina. In its mechanism, only the effect of blurred retinal images intervenes. Amblyopia due to deprivation is due to an obstruction of the visual axis. The retina has not received stimulation of form and sometimes neither of light. The most common cause is a cataract congenital or acquired early.

In addition, depending on the degree of visual acuity, amblyopia can be: moderate, when the degree of visual acuity is between 0.25 and 0.5 and severe, when it is between 0.05 and 0.2. From the criterion of this author, it is valid to highlight the importance that he attributes in the consolidation of visual acuity to the inadequate or insufficient way of showing the stimuli, where it influences, for the characteristics of this, if amblyopia is serious or moderate, aspect this to take into account also to perform the adpataciones to the activity. The analysis of the main aspects related to strabismus and amblyopia reflect a singular phenomenon, as strabismus can be the cause of amblyopia, and in turn an amblyopia can cause a strabismus. This allows appreciating that an element that presents difficulty and at the same time is common to both constitutes visual acuity.

In this regard, several authors argue that visual acuity is:

a) "The ability of the eye to separately determine two maximum points of an object. (...), a good visual acuity allows the discrimination of detail" [15].

b) "The faculty of the eye in combination with the brain, to perceive the shape and shape of objects at a certain distance” [11].

c) "The sensory attribute of the system, ability to perceive shape and size of objects" [16].

In the research the criterion presented by Maqueira [11] is assumed, consequently, the importance of knowing the distances that can be worked for each of the cases is highlighted. The measurement of visual acuity in amblyopic students has certain characteristics, in them there is difficulty in separating a letter from a set, so the vision of letters must be measured separately (angular vision) and also forming part of a line (linear vision) [16]. Being consistent with this criterion means taking into account the use of objects separately and as parts of a set.

In general, in the development of schoolchildren with strabismus and amblyopia, it can be seen that significant qualitative and quantitative changes occur, mainly in the sphere of sensory knowledge by reducing perceptions or visual sensations, incomplete, partial and fragmentary representation of objects. And phenomena of reality, which limits the formation of images [17]. Its role in teaching work is especially fundamental in practical activities related to visual observations [18].

The diminution of the visual sensations cannot be compensated more than receiving all the other stimuli, they present delay in the accommodation process, given by the lack of fixation of the gaze in the environment that surrounds it, absence of convergence on nearby objects and the brightness. The diminution of his visual acuity prevents him from seeing the details; they are characterized by the instability of the attention which negatively affects the volume and the transfer. The difficulty it presents to accommodate or converge harms the possibility of alternating the gaze from the hand to the object and the object to the hand or to another object [3,17].

From the analysis of the previous criterion, the author considers that the decrease in visual sensations can be compensated, in addition to using visual stimuli, by other auditory and tactile stimuli that would favor a multisensory stimulation, considering as a fundamental element the difficulty in alternating the look from the hand or the feet towards an object or vice versa. In the cognitive field, in spite of the lack of adequate visual stimuli, they do not present a decrease in the intellectual parameters, and then there is a difference in perceptual modalities, not of diminished intelligence. In the affective- emotional field, it presents emotional traits conditioned, above all, by the family environment. They usually present fears, due to bad experiences, as a result of family overprotection, they lose personal autonomy, they have to make decisions easier, but with affordable objectives. In the social field, they respond with a picture of social skills similar to conventional schoolchildren, learn that social reality demands, rewards actions and rejects actions and people whose rules of conduct are not acceptable [19].

In the motor field, they tend to be more behind in the achievement of the basic motor skills, they have a worse perception if it is not accompanied by a sound element and in precision shots, they have a delay in the body knowledge and the imitative motor behavior that is the basis of many motor learning, manifest disorders in coordination, balance, laterality and spatial orientation [20]. In summary, it can be stated that attention in schoolchildren with strabismus and amblyopia occurs as a result of the interaction of all sensory stimuli that favor cognitive processes, social relations that directly affect the emotional-volitional sphere and activity. Physics received through Physical Education, in order to compensate for their motor limitations, which hinder their mobility, visuomotor coordination and therefore their relationship with the environment.

According to López [21], Physical Education in the contemporary era, has experienced a broad development of diverse trends grouped into three models:

a) The medical model, focuses its attention on the structural and organic functioning of the human body and the effects exerted by physical exercise on it. It is based on a traditional pedagogy with hygienic and utilitarian objectives, aimed at the development of physical or motor performance capacity, or physical condition. Learning by students is based on repetition-imitation of technical actions or movement models. The teacher-student relationship is subject to an environment of directivity and imposed discipline.

b) The psychoeducational model emphasizes the student's motivation and learning, rather than teaching the teacher considers the student’s decision-making possibilities, through the process of exploration, communication and reflection, which becomes a subject active, builder of his own learning, under the guidance of the teacher. Among the theoretical and methodological precepts with which this model is integrated is psychokinetics, aimed at acquiring new modes of action that allow the subject to adapt to the different situations of the environment and their own availability. It pursues a double objective: on the one hand the development of basic motor skills and on the other, laying the perceptive-motor bases of other aspects of education, such as school learning, for example, literacy, which is based on tactile coordination Fine and oculus-manual. This model of Physical Education class is determinant to achieve the development of visual-motor coordination in schoolchildren with strabismus and amblyopia, it allows them to appropriate knowledge, under a teacher-student interaction that translates into development.

c) The sociocultural model addresses the role they play: the body, exercise and sports in health. It is an educational process that moves away from an individualistic or behavioral view of health. To develop the Physical Education classes in the students of the group under study, under the ideas that rule this model, allows assuming the importance of physical exercise for its growth and anatomophysiological development.

d) The analysis of each of the models allows us to appreciate that it is not possible to develop the teaching- learning process of Physical Education centered on a model, or to adopt an eclectic position, taking all of them as in a simple summation, that evidences the need for a integral physical-educational approach, which involves contemplating as content, objectives, learning activities and evaluation activities, not only the development of skills and abilities, but also ensuring the learning of concepts, system of concepts and modes of reference, together with training of attitudes, norms and values and integrating the new knowledge to the previous knowledge or antecedents of the students to print a meaning and personal sense to the learning's.

The analysis of the aforementioned and with which the author agrees allows to guarantee the contribution of Physical Education in the stimulation of visual-motor coordination to achieve the comprehensive education of schoolchildren with strabismus and amblyopia. However, considering the particularities of these students, there is a need to contextualize the benefits in Adapted Physical Education. According to Ramirez [7] Adapted Physical Education for schoolchildren who have special educational needs due to disability, has an eminently corrective-compensatory sense. Its corrective nature is determined by the system of pedagogical activities that are applied with the objective of eliminating or diminishing the alterations of the individual and the compensatory activity, it is carried out through activities where most of the analyzers not damaged or less damaged participate, which makes possible the organization and structuring of all the functions of the organism. Performing this type of activity is a way to make these students achieve useful and prepared citizens.

According to this author, the need for a scientific approach based on attention to these students, is the expression of changes and technological development that currently invades the educational sector nationally and internationally. This is evident in a psycho-pedagogical approach and a clinical approach.

Psychopedagogical Approach

a) Focus attention on the individual's potential.

b) More personalized and comprehensive study with the purpose of designing strategies that give an educational and development response.

c) Differences between people are conceived as something common. Diversity is the norm. Nobody is totally capable and nobody is totally disabled.

d) Integrationist trend, socializing for the intervention. (From the culture of segregation to the culture of integration.)

e) Personalized treatment, aimed at the person and their integral development.

Clinical Approach

a) Focus attention on the defect.

b) Negative characterization, looking for what the child does not have, what they lack, what they cannot do.

c) Classification of people in normal and abnormal.

d) Predominance of clinical concepts and methods.

e) Segregationist tendency for the intervention.

f) Generalized preconceived treatment, directed to the entity, to the pathology and not to the person.

g) Predominance of individual treatment, isolated and little exploitation of the collective and normalizing contexts.

The analysis of the previous approaches allows appreciating, to consideration of the author, the need of a psycho pedagogical approach in the attention of students with strabismus and amblyopia, when considering as an essential aspect the particularities of this population. For these, participating in the Adapted Physical Education represents, in addition to the benefits in the psychological order and health in general, to be able to express through movements the development achieved in the different basic motor skills and abilities, within these the coordination (visual-motor coordination).

Conclusion

The difficulty that schoolchildren present with strabismus and amblyopia to accommodate or converge harms the possibility of alternating the gaze from the hand to the object and the object to the hand or to another object, which implies difficulties in the visual-motor coordination. Their attention is given as a result of the interaction of all the sensory stimuli that favor cognitive processes, the social relations that directly affect the emotional-volitional sphere and the physical activity received through Physical Education. The sense of deviation and the degree of visual acuity are essential aspects to take into account.

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#2. Strabismus #Amblyopic #Visual motor coordination #Adapted Physical Education

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christineamccalla · 5 years

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Failure To Understand The US Constitution’s, Section 8, Scope of Legislative Power Results In The US Being Shunted Back To Its Policies, by McCalla, Christine Ann, MBA, MS, CBME, CAHR, CBDE, CTW, CPA

Failure to understand The US Constitution, Section 8, Scope of Legislative Power creates complication in its mandates and of such shall be set to execution, publicly, jointly and severally, and as a deterring measure to the benefit of appreciation of the inherent right to life. These mandates are,

To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations;

To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water;

To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years;

To provide and maintain a navy (or other Armed Forces);

To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces;

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions;

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;

To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildings;--And

To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.

As such, in executing all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof, the instigators; perpetrators; and facilitators of an insurrection or holocaust intent on abusing the US Constitution, Section 8, Scope of Legislative Power own edicts:

REUTERS.com published world news June 8, 2019 “U.S. envoy, in interview, does not rule out Israeli annexation in West Bank” is a regard of nations conferencing in trivialities which are far from accurate, implicitly, and given the CIA Factbook confirmed deficiencies all nations must address, explicitly. Whether Israel is invading West Bank / Palestine in the occupied West Bank is not the United States of America’s policies or priorities. Furthermore, the role of an ally is clearly defined in Foreign Relations and Intercourse found within the US Code, or in Public Lands: Interior; National Defense; Navigation and Navigable Waters; Aeronautics and Space; Foreign Relations; Commerce and Foreign Trade; Commercial Practices; Judicial Administration; and, Commodity and Securities Exchanges found in the Code of Federal Regulations. Incitement; aggression; invasions; sieges; and holocausts are not titles, roles, and responsibilities conveyed through alliances or collaboration of allies. Furthermore, the role of the international peacekeepers are clearly defined in the laws and statutes of, Geneva Conventions; LIBOR; MAASTRICT; Charter on the Fundamental Human Rights of the European Union; International Covenant On Civil and Political Rights; International Covenant On Torture, Cruelty, and Inhumane Treatments; United Nations Coventions on International Armed Conflicts; United Nations Conventions On Genocide; and, United Nations Conventions On The International Sale of Goods and Services.

REUTERS.com (2019) represented, (1) The U.S. ambassador to Israel did not rule out an Israeli move to annex parts of the occupied West Bank, land that the Palestinians seek for a state; (2) Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said in the run-up to an April election that he plans to annex Jewish settlements in the West Bank, a move bound to trigger widespread international condemnation and complicate peace efforts. (3) The New York Times said that U.S. Ambassador David Friedman had declined to say how Washington would respond to annexation, but remarked: “We really don’t have a view until we understand how much, on what terms, why does it make sense, why is it good for Israel, why is it good for the region, why does it not create more problems than it solves.”; (4) Friedman said that, under certain circumstances, “Israel has the right to retain some, but unlikely all, of the West Bank”. It was unclear which West Bank territories Friedman meant and whether Israel’s retention would be part of a peace accord that includes land swaps - an idea floated in past negotiations - rather than a unilateral move such as annexation. (5) The Trump plan had been expected to be unveiled during an economic conference in Bahrain this month. But a snap election in Israel set for Sept. 17 is likely to delay the roll-out. (6) Responding to Friedman’s interview, Palestinian chief negotiator Saeb Erekat tweeted: “Their vision is about annexation of occupied territory, a war crime under international law.”

With the REUTERS.com’s (2019) confirmed snap Israeli election set for Sept. 17, explicitly, Trump, Friedman, and Erekat fail to appreciate the premiums a democracy presents, particularly Voting and Elections; Census; and Nationally Statistically Rating Agencies. A reminder of the U.S. Constitution Article VII, The ratification of the conventions of nine states, shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the states so ratifying the same. However, Friedman was not referring to 1791, but to an electoral cycle between June 8, 2019 and September 17, 2019. Arbitration seems to be the order of the day between US Ambassador Friedman; CIA Factbook’s Israel’s Chief of State President Reuben RIVLIN (since 27 July 2014); and Palestinian chief negotiator Saeb Erekat. Furthermore, the conflict Transnational issue of the current status of the West Bank / Palestine being subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation, deteriorating (CIA Factbook). Friedman is apparently circumventing or supplanting the role of UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO), headquartered in Jerusalem which, monitors ceasefires; supervises armistice agreements; prevents isolated incidents from escalating; and assists other UN personnel in the region (CIA Factbook). CIA Factbook also alleges UNTSO consists of 350 peacekeepers.

Another escalating issue is the CIA Factbook does not mention Palestine as state, but refers to it as country West Bank, a territory shared by Palestinian and Israeli settlers, with nontraditional military branches defined as branches subordinate to defense ministries or the equivalent (typically ground, naval, air, and marine forces). To complicate War and National Defense and Armed Forces statutory requirements further, CIA Factbook argues, “in accordance with the Oslo Accords, the Palestinian Authority (PA) is not permitted a conventional military but maintains security and police forces; PA security personnel have operated almost exclusively in the West Bank since HAMAS seized power in the Gaza Strip in 2007”. Is Friedman the holocaust; genocide; instigator; or, plain rabblerouser?

With West Bank / Palestine circumventing and vandalizing its own name and the United States of America playing the insurrectionist and holocaust, Israel fares no better. The CIA Factbook describes Israel has having no formal constitution, but allocutes to executing some functions of a constitution through the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the Basic Laws, and the Law of Return (as amended) in 11 of the 13 Basic Laws have been amended at least once, latest in 2018.

The process of writing the constitution is not as complexed or complicated as it seems, and guidance instead of pointers can be provided. (1) Do not forget The Preambles, We the People; (2) All peoples are created equal under the law and entitled to dignities, Justice, and Equalities; (3) While Israel’s constitution is an urgent and dire attribute, a consultation of existing laws and statutes, may be productive and fruitful and should include, Geneva Conventions; LIBOR; MAASTRICT; Charter on the Fundamental Human Rights of the European Union; International Covenant On Civil and Political Rights; International Covenant On Torture, Cruelty, and Inhumane Treatments; United Nations Coventions on International Armed Conflicts; United Nations Conventions On Genocide; and, United Nations Conventions On The International Sale of Goods and Services. (4) The War Finance Corporation Act should not yet be relevant as this is a direction the United States of America’s Friedman is headed. Clearly, expediency is now an asset; and, (5) Israel shares assets with West Bank / Palestine, citizenry.

With the election clearly approaching, Voting and Elections, and Nationally Statistically Rating Agency should bring Territories and Insular Possession; Espionage; Domestic Security; National Security; Flag and Seal, Seat of Government and The States; and, Patriotic and National Observances, Ceremonies, and Organizations to the surface and be made priorities. What is the United States of America’s contribution to assume such as prominent and distinguished chair?

While Israel’s constitution is in the process of completion and execution, a reminder to US Ambassador Friedman and CIA Factbook’s governance, the United States of America has a ratified constitution. It consists of Cornell Law’s,

Amendment I [Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, Petition (1791)] (see explanation)

Amendment II [Right to Bear Arms (1791)] (see explanation)

Amendment III [Quartering of Troops (1791)] (see explanation)

Amendment IV [Search and Seizure (1791)] (see explanation)

Amendment V [Grand Jury, Double Jeopardy, Self-Incrimination, Due Process (1791)] (see explanation)

Amendment VI [Criminal Prosecutions - Jury Trial, Right to Confront and to Counsel (1791)] (see explanation)

Amendment VII [Common Law Suits - Jury Trial (1791)] (see explanation)

Amendment VIII [Excess Bail or Fines, Cruel and Unusual Punishment (1791)] (see explanation)

Amendment IX [Non-Enumerated Rights (1791)] (see explanation)

Amendment X [Rights Reserved to States or People (1791)] (see explanation)

Amendment XI [Suits Against a State (1795)] (see explanation)

Amendment XII [Election of President and Vice-President (1804)] (see explanation)

Amendment XIII [Abolition of Slavery (1865)] (see explanation)

Amendment XIV [Privileges and Immunities, Due Process, Equal Protection, Apportionment of Representatives, Civil War Disqualification and Debt (1868)] (see explanation)

Amendment XV [Rights Not to Be Denied on Account of Race (1870)] (see explanation)

Amendment XVI [Income Tax (1913)] (see explanation)

Amendment XVII [Election of Senators (1913)] (see explanation)

Amendment XVIII [Prohibition (1919)] (see explanation)

Amendment XIX [Women's Right to Vote (1920)] (see explanation)

Amendment XX [Presidential Term and Succession (1933)] (see explanation)

Amendment XXI [Repeal of Prohibition (1933)] (see explanation)

Amendment XXII [Two Term Limit on President (1951)] (see explanation)

Amendment XXIII [Presidential Vote in D.C. (1961)] (see explanation)

Amendment XXIV [Poll Tax (1964)] (see explanation)

Amendment XXV [Presidential Succession (1967)] (see explanation)

Amendment XXVI [Right to Vote at Age 18 (1971)] (see explanation)

Amendment XXVII [Compensation of Members of Congress (1992)] (see explanation)

Seemingly without predictive modeling and big data analysis, US Ambassador Friedman is insistent on the US Constitution’s nullification. Furthermore, this interaction with the West Bank / Palestine is inappropriate. The titles, roles, and responsibilities conferred upon Palestinian chief negotiator Saeb Erekat, would be most eloquently served by that of Head of Government or Chief of State, minimally. Perhaps, an application of the Right to Face The Accuser is a more articulate statement and articulation in which it is best argued that CIA Factbook could be a more efficient and dynamic multitasker in the assisting of UNTSO as peacekeeper and mediator, and define the said titles, roles, and responsibilities of Head of Government or Chief of State, minimally.

Without an analysis of each nation involving economic drivers, an accurate business intelligence assumption would be the fruition of US Constitution’s Section 8 Scope of Legislative Power’s, (1) debt must be financed; (2) credit ratings must be optimized; (3) reserves and debt covenants must be met; (4) currency and commodity exchanges must be monitored to optimize international performance; and, (5) risks must be managed to ensure maximum international competitive advantages. All three (3) nations involved, United States of America; Israel; and, West Bank / Palestine are Third Nations by international commercial comparison to the European Union. Within the European Economic Community, Article 111, Member States shall co-ordinate their commercial relations with third countries in such a way as to bring about, not later than at the expiry of the transitional period, the conditions necessary to the implementation of a common policy in the matter of external trade. A logical assumption includes improved balance of trade; reduction of deficits; and addressing Customs Duties and Tariffs.

Governance requires masterdom of circumstances. In this case, the democracy must stand to ensure the governance of the people, for the people, and by the people. Allegations of holocausts; insurrections; genocide; mass bankruptcy and manipulations of bankruptcy rules; and mass murder is not an indicator of democracy. Not every international assignation of interest results in Foreign Relations and Intercourse; Commerce and Foreign Trade; Commercial Practices; and, Commodity and Securities Exchanges, and yet still, the Judicial Administration must stand alone, alone, at arms-length, effective and efficient.

The United States of America’s Preamble - We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

A recommendation on forming a more perfect union; establish justice; and, insure domestic tranquility also has a solution. This is the US Constitution’s Section 8 Scope of Legislative Power. This includes,

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;

To borrow money on the credit of the United States;

To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes (or be it Israel, United States of America, et al);

To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States;

To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures;

To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States;

To establish post offices and post roads;

To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries;

To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court;

To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations;

To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water;

To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years;

To provide and maintain a navy;

To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces;

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions;

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/is.html

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html

https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articlevii

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-palestinians-usa/u-s-envoy-in-interview-does-not-rule-out-israeli-annexation-in-west-bank-idUSKCN1T90MP

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