#help im so tired

[chemlock]

Forensic Odontology Overview

Forensic odontology is a subspecialty of dentistry that has its main focus on the identification of deceased victims. In simplest terms, there are two aims in forensic dentistry. The first one is the identification of the dead, and second is the identification of an assailant who has used his or her teeth as a weapon. But how? Let's see.

Let's start with corpse identification. Teeth can be used to identify corpses, as no two oral cavities are alike, and teeth are unique to an individual. The dental evidence of the deceased recovered from the crime scene is compared with ante-mortem records for identification. This is used in cases such as mass casualties, burn victims, or severely disfigured/decomposed corpses.

Forensic odontology can also be used to determine things like age, race, and sex. In cases where there is no blood or other DNA sources, teeth can also be used.

Age is determined by looking at X-rays of the permanent teeth and tooth roots within the bone. The crown of a tooth forms first, followed by the root, and scientists estimate age by comparing the stage of tooth formation in the X-rays and bone with known dental growth standards.

Race is found by comparing the shapes of the different teeth. Determining race using teeth isn't easy, but using common dental characteristics as indicators (like Caucasoids usually having narrow “v-” shaped arch giving rise to crowding of teeth) we can get a good guess.

To determine sex, we rely on sexual dimorphism. Generally, male teeth have significantly greater quantities of dentine than females, while female teeth are found to have greater enamel thickness than male teeth. This isn't always fully accurate, but when combined with other factors, it helps give an idea.

None of these are perfect, but they can help give us a good approximate description, which is better than none.

Now, Bite Mark analysis.

There's 4 steps to bite mark analysis. Photographs, saliva swabbing, impressions, and tissue samples.

In order to make a good comparison, a balanced, color, scale photograph should be made of the defendant’s teeth (which can be used for testimony in court) and of the victim’s bite. Because the dental expert will need to know the scale shown in the picture, some method of measurement (such as a ruler or tape measure) photographed alongside the bite mark and the defendant’s teeth is necessary. A plaster cast of the defendant’s dental impressions can also be used to prepare a plastic overlay. The plastic overlay is used to mark the points of contact and forms a representation of defendant’s bite marks or a pattern of the cutting edges of defendant’s teeth. This representation can then be compared with a scaled photograph of the bite mark on the victim as a means of determining common points of identification.

If the bite area was swabbed and saliva recovered, and it was a positive match to the subject, that could help identify the assailant, but it's not often that DNA can be recovered.

Bite analysis has its issues, as tooth marks are not always transfered accurately, and sometimes there's not enough difference in bite marks to tell reliably. Bitemark analysis is more often used for excluding someone as a potential assailant. Say the mark shows imprint of fully intact frontal incisors, and the proposed biter does not have all their front teeth. This means that the person being accused is not the probable assailant. This could also be used to tell if the bite was self-inflicted. But bite mark analysis is often not admissible due to it having been found to be unreliable in some cases. People have been rightly and falsely convicted because of it, and it can be an unreliable method for forensic examination.

As with all areas of forensics, it's under dispute for its reputability. Bite mark analysists have been shown to be unable to consistently agree on whether the bitemark was even human. Even minor distortions could lead to the mark matching a number of people.

And here's a little bit of interesting history I came across in my travels :)

There are many "first" uses of forensic odontology in history across the web, but as far as I can find the first documented use of teeth for identification began during 66 AD, with the Agrippina and Lollia Pauline case. (There's a bit to it, find it here.)

Recorded forensic identification in India started in 1193, where Jai Chand, a great Indian monarchy, was destroyed by Muhammad's army, and Jai Chand, Raja of Kanauji was murdered and he was identified by his false teeth.

Dr Ascor Amoedo is reputed as the father of forensic odontology and documented the first case of dental identification in which many individuals lost their lives in a disaster. 126 people were charred to death due to a fire accident in Paris 1897, and were identified using their teeth.

In 1979, a double bite mark played an important role in convicting Ted Bundy of murder as he'd bitten one of his last victims.

#forensics #forensic science #forensic ondontology #dentists #dentistry #sherlock #deductions #science #mortuary science #dexter #criminology #criminals #criminal minds #criminal #criminals minds #woo science #police #idk im kinda using everything #orthodontics #orthodontics near me #AHHAHA #why is that a tag #forensic odontology #odontology #teeth #tma #spencer reid #help im so tired #did this make sense someone tell me it does #history

[rusmii]

OMG??? guys ty for 400+ followers 💀‼️

I'm thinking of an event but unfortunately minors won't be able to participate since it's smut :((

maybe 16+

#help im so tired #i got heavy bags 2day #🖇. stfu

[phionrynn]

Hey chat take this single panel from a old man yaoi comic page I’ve planned out. Cause it’s gonna take me literally forever to finish the whole thing…

#bsd fukuzawa #bsd fukuchi #old man yaoi #mini comic #comics #art #digital art #bsd #help im so tired #anyone else feeling the fukuzawa fitzgerald?? #gunch time

[autismvampyre]

i love tomorrow lol

#help im so tired #nydias post #ive been cleaning and packing all weekend

[sm0k3ybac0n]

You don’t know how long I’ve been waiting to post this I’m so proud of it :3

#art #doodle #drawing #sketch #digital art #digital illustration #digital drawing #digital sketch #digital doodle #digital painting #oc #original character #digital aritst #my art #digital media #digital portrait #fantasy #this took me way too long to make #help im so tired #i’m so proud

[the-mechanisms-system]

New album called chronic fatigue haver spent a day out in the world*: the aftermath but it's just 26 hours of uninterrupted box fan noise

*went to church+potluck for 2 hours hung out at parents house went to walmart for 45 minutes

#help im so tired #not even mentally this time!!! just physically!! #well. not entirely true. too tired to manage much out loud speech or to listen to music or watch a show or anything. #ok yeah maybe im a little mentally tired too... #chronic fatigue #cripple punk #sequel post to our new track called the chronic pain song post lmao #actually disabled

[isleofgumby]

Hi sorry for no art I am so con crunching rn, wish me luck babes

#help im so tired #I am covered in foam dust #agony

[early-october-skies]

Waited up to see the northern lights as expected no show.

Wake up America you sheeple you're all so blind it's so ‼️obviously fake so obviously just a big projector projecting up into the sky to distract you from the water ‼️‼️‼️

Wake up America 🐑🐑🐑🐑🐑🐑🐑

#rosietalks #aroura borealis #help im so tired #so delerious #hi this is phil swift with flex tape #and it even works underwater #i just wanna see pretty sky man #magpie if youre reading this #im not okay. please send biscuits

[ell0ra-br3kk3r]

13hr flight up next in 30ish mins😭

#el.talks #help im so tired

[lavrushkl0l]

MY OC!! >:D

#oc tag #original character #artwork #art #character illustration #help im so tired

[belphieslilcow]

Cass nervously walked through the mall, trying his best to avoid any of the middle stands from beckoning him over to give him samples and try to sell him face creams. The human hadn't walked through the mall by himself since he got lost in one during a high school field trip.

He avoided all the normie clothing stores and tried his best to not look when he passed by the place that sells lingerie, he knew what stores he liked so there was no need to browse anywhere else. Though he was sure this particular store isn't what Asmo had in mind when he wanted him to get out of the house and buy a new outfit.

The blond boy finally stepped into the Hot Topic, alt music playing as one of the workers welcomed him. He grinned to himself as he searched through the various clothes, while he tried to stay away from his old all black aesthetic in favor of his newer pastel one, the opportunity to shock everyone in the group chat was too good to pass up.

He found the pants he wanted fairly quickly, as well as an accessory or two to complete the fit, but he couldn't decide on a shirt. He didn't want to go with something just nerdy, that'd be too easy, he then pulled out a shirt from one of the clearance racks and his eyes lit up with a devious smile, it was too perfect.

He fidgeted with himself before taking a breath and talking to an employee, "Uhm, excuse me? Would it be alright if I used one of the changing rooms?"

_

House of Lamentation (New) - 8

Cassian: I just got back from my shopping trip!!

Asmodeus: Yes!! I was on the edge of my seat waiting for you to get done, oh I wish I could've been there to help you out, I'm sure you were so lost without my fashion guidance...

Cassian: Don't worry, I think I got something good, I took a picture in the changing room so I'll send that in a sec.

The chat was then filled with various messages back and forth, asking about Cassian's day out, if he was alright socially, if he ate anything good while there, nice and normal stuff.

Mammon: Oi!! Stop keeping us in suspense I wanna see what ya bought!!

Cassian: lol okay okay sending it now

Cass flopped in his bed and sent the picture before waking up his laptop and turning on a gaming video.

The picture was of Cassian in the dressing room, wearing dark gray baggy jeans with various zips, pockets, and chains. To match with the cluttered design of the bottoms, he had on several bracelets on each wrist, even going so far to wear a black choker with a silver pentagram charm.

The real star of the outfit was his t-shirt, plain black with text that read "Satan Loves Me".

Mammon: WHAT?? WHY'S THE HUMAN REALM GOT SHIRTS ABOUT SATAN??

Mammon: WHY DIDN'T YOU GET ONE THAT SAID "THE GREAT MAMMON LOVES ME", HUH??

Cassian: sowwy mams, you're just not as popular as Satan when it comes to the human world =w=

Satan: Personally, I think you look wonderful, Cassian. You look good in black.

Cassian: aww, tyyy

Belphegor: If it weren't for the fact that it was Satan's name on your shirt I'd agree.

Beelzebub: I also love you, Cass.

Their talk continued throughout the evening until Lucifer forced everyone to let Cass get rest, as if they each weren't gonna text him on their own as soon as they got the chance.

#cassian #HELP IM SO TIRED #BUT I NEEDED TO WRITE #ive been wanted to do a situation like this for awhile lol #today was the day #now if youll excuse me #*passes out*

[ace-of-fools-tv]

I didnt forget to post this what are you talking about

#help im so tired #fnaf fanart #fnaf #purple guy #art #digital art #fanart #illustration

[phionrynn]

Chat who else is feeling the old man yaoi wedding? I had to include Fukuzawa and fukuichi’s kids too ofc…

#meme redraw #help im so tired #anyone else feeling the fukuzawa fitzgerald?? #bsd fukuzawa #fukuzawa yukichi #bsd ranpo #tetcho suehiro #bsd #Reginald probably

[tianshiisdead]

studio final due today let's see if i can make it on time 🥴 and then an essay and we are free... the finish line is so close but idk if I can cross it loll im so sick

#diary #help im so tired #sick while doing exams........ im in so much pain

[potatoesandwitch]

Late night showers when you cannot sleep at all>>>>

#dsmp #hyperfixation #mcyt #minecraft #philza #minecraft update #sad i’m not at vidcon #tommyinnit #technoblade #adhd #adhd problems #mad i’m not at vidcon #wilbur soot #tea #minecraftman #help im so tired

[nocturnalcharles]

Walk home.

I kinda lost all motivation to life and to try at school so wish me luck, cause I'm gonna hate myself when I get bad grades even though it's gonna be definitely my fault.

#mental problems #mentally tired #mentally exhausted #mentally fucked #please send help #help im losing my mind #help im so tired #help im unmotivated #please im a mentally ill child #mentally ill child #just please send help #antidepressants