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thatonesongyouretryingtoremember · 9 months

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Midichlorian count and universal Force aptitude are not mutually exclusive!

I think that the current canon material in SW clearly shows that nature and nurture have equal part to play in if and HOW someone manipulates the force.

One of the best examples is young Leia in Obi-Wan. Genetic daughter of the chosen one who was most known for being a powerful Jedi (well, until...), but she was raised by Republic loyalists who worked with the Jedi, and wanted her to be mindful of everything around her. She spent her years running off into the forest and being kind to others. And also being rude (versatile queen)

Perhaps Leia's most well known trait is her snippy attitude, which manifested when she was very young as giving targeted comments when she saw fit to establish herself as smart and formidable. we then see her in Rebels threatening someone's job to throw suspicion off the Ghost crew. as early as 4/5/??? years old, she seems, at least to me, to be using Jedi telepathy. Especially since this is shown in the same scene as the "lower life forms" debate, she's making connections with everyone around her through the force, which is how she is sensing their intentions.

Does her upbringing and personality play a key role in how and why she uses her abilities? YES! ABSOLUTELY!

Is the fact she picked it up so easily inherited from Anakin, who got clocked by other Jedi in less than a day with zero training? PROBABLY!

Sabine would not the first time within the currently canon timeline that we see someone use the Force without being genetically predisposed. In Rogue One, Chirrut senses blaster bolts and people's intentions to dodge like Ahsoka can, and it's been a while since I've seen it but isn't he implied to sense others' living Force to see where they are? And yet he never uses telekinesis or receives a kyber crystal.

On the other hand, maybe both Chirrut and Sabine ARE Force sensitive, but just as Chirrut uses only his senses rather than manipulating the Force, just as Leia does the same before training, Sabine can't sense or use it because she was brought up with different values despite having potentially been born Force sensitive! Both when Kanan trains her on the Darsaber and when Ahsoka debates training Sabine as Jedi, Hera points out that she is Mandalorian, saying that's why she clashes with her trainers.

Even Luke had similar difficulties in the beginning, despite having obviously been born with his abilities based on the hitting-a-womp-rat comment in A New Hope. In fact, a variation of the same excersize is used to open Luke and Sabine to their senses though Sabine briefly employs a dark side technique

Huyang then says Sabine shows little aptitude for the Force, but he also encourages her to train with Ahsoka, even though she focuses on the former comment. If this comment WAS about natural talent versus ability to learn, it should prove that BOTH are true in canon! One can be born able to move things out see into your mind, but anyone else can still find the Force because they are connected to it.

#about the animated war #star wars #star wars lore #ahsoka series #sabine wren #obi wan series #midichlorians #the force #jedi knight #jedi #ahsoka theories #star wars theories

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exactlynervouscreator · 1 year

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Was irene's dna really rabbit?

Fuck, please tel lme this is a problem

rs2419621

Current Build 156

Released September 21, 2022OrganismHomo < ---- LOOK HERE sapiensPositionchr10:112375255 (GRCh38.p14) HelpAllelesC>T Variation TypeSNV Single Nucleotide VariationFrequency

T=0.225713 (59744/264690, TOPMED)

T=0.256951 (64894/252554, ALFA)T=0.231029 (32296/139792, GnomAD) (+ 20 more)Clinical SignificanceNot Reported in ClinVarGene : ConsequenceACSL5 : Intron VariantPublications7 citations

12Genomic ViewSee rs on genome

The domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domesticus) is a very important variety in biomedical research and agricultural animal breeding. Due to the different geographical areas in which rabbit breeds originated, and the long history of domestication/artificial breeding, rabbits have experienced strong selection pressure, which has shaped many traits of most rabbit varieties, such as color and weight. An efficient genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection strategy is genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), which has been widely used in many organisms. This study attempted to explore bi-allelic SNPs associated with fur color and weight-related traits using GBS in five rabbit breeds. The data consisted of a total 831,035 SNPs in 150 individuals from Californian rabbits (CF), German Zika rabbits (ZK), Qixing rabbits (QX), Sichuan grey rabbits (SG), and Sichuan white rabbits (SW). In addition, these five breeds of rabbits were obviously independent populations, with high genetic differentiation among breeds and low genetic diversity within breeds. A total of 32,144 SNP sites were identified by selective sweep among the different varieties. The genes that carried SNP loci in these selected regions were related to important traits (fur color and weight) and signal pathways, such as the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and the Hippo signaling pathway. In addition, genes related to fur color and weight were identified, such as ASIPs, MITFs and KITs, ADCY3s, YAPs, FASs, and ACSL5s, and they had more SNP sites. The research offers the foundation for further exploration of molecular genetic markers of SNPs that are related to traits.

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ionfusionpunk · 3 years

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The Bad Batch: IMO

So! I watched the Bad Batch! TL;DR at the end 🙃

Ngl, and please don't bash me for this, but I haven't actually finished TCW? My mom and I are still only a couple episodes into season 1, but we're also trying to watch the episodes in chronological order, not release order, plus we're both busy people, so. Kinda hard. Means I haven't watched Season 7, yet, ergo I haven't watched the episode where we meet the Bad Batch. But like anyone embroiled in this fandom, I still know a fair bit about them/what happens.

I'm a little disappointed that Crosshair is the bad guy. Like, I get he's cranky? And I'm all for angst for any character, but, like. Based off the explanation they give in-show, Wrecker would have been an equally valid choice for the chip sorta working, imo. More valid, even, bc his genetic mutation has less to do with his brain directly in the same way Tech's, Hunter's, and Crosshair's mutations do.

Speaking of Wrecker, the Big Brute act? Nah. Not A Fan. I have multiple relatives on the spectrum (ASD), and I was honestly expecting Wrecker to come across like my brother does? i.e. he understands better if we don't layer our conversation with sarcasm/implications/subtext? But that doesn't make him dum, just less socially... proficient? ept? Smooth as everyone else.

Kay. Now, touching on the whitewashing, since this topic is gonna be everywhere. Look, I absolutely 100% agree that Filoni did us Dirty with how the clones all look. Echo, my poor child, you should have more melanin. Everyone, unless you have specific mutations, should have more melanin. They should also look younger, look more like Temuera, etc. etc. But. I don't stan hate of anyone on this blog, okay? We don't know why the choice to whitewash was made. I don't agree with it, but we shouldn't just hate on Filoni for that. In regards to the BB specifically, yes they could have chosen to alter appearances to be more politically correct. Consider though: identical art style connects BB directly back to TCW; art style makes the character immediately more familiar to younger/older/less involved viewers who otherwise won't have much of an opinion on the Dirty done. Please also consider that someone on the production team may have wanted to do right by our boys but for whatever reason were unable to this or the first time around, and that doesn't automatically make it Filoni's fault. Just... don't judge? Don't hate. There's enough of that in the world that I'll happily settle for disappointment and correcting my art to reflect what I believe the clones should have looked like.

Full disclosure, I in fact created a cis-female clone character a couple months ago. She was part of the Alpha batch and the first female mutation, and the trainers, looking upon her as lesser, took to calling her Omega as an insult. After proving she was very much a BAMF, she chose the name Oma and later became the Alpha trainer of other clones with mutations, including several with different intensities of albanism, vitiligo, neurodivergency, Force sensitivity, etc. I really like her and think she's a cool gal. (I don't have any art of her yet, unfortunately.)

On Omega: I adore her, okay? I love how she was copying Hunter it was so cute - akaskdjhf. And, like, is she Force Sensitive? Oh please oh please oh please let her be.

Now, I've seen some stuff about how another Dirty was done in 'bending over backwards' to make her female when she could have just been trans? Alright, look, I'm not gonna disagree, because you're right, but I also refuse to agree, because look: cloning isn't an exact science, even for the Kaminoans. Look at all the mutations they had. From what I understand (I'm no expert, so don't quote me on this, but also feel free to drop me some resources), it's not impossible, improbable, or unreasonable to assume that amongst alllll the clones created, a small percent didn't mutate female. Assuming that Jango was Near-Human, at least (the Kaminoans could have altered the alien DNA out of the base coding), the clones would have started as female fetuses before the Y-chromosome kicked in, right? That's how that works for us regular humans afaik. On top of that, there are exceptions to that rule, because then you have other mutations like mutations in the SRY gene or variations in the number of the sex chromosomes themselves, etc. Basically what I'm getting at is that there should have been more cis-fem clones, but chances are most of them were decommed or forced to undergo trans therapy (is that what you call it? Idk, I'm sorry, don't mean to offend). Omega most likely wasn't engineered to be female; she probably had extra mutations on top of that to make her more desirable to the Kaminoans to keep around for study (e.g. her Force sensitivity???).

On a final note, to end this with my Writer Brain, I would love to see them portray the side-affects of their mutations. Just - chef's kiss.

TL;DR: Dirties were done. Wrecker isn't stupid. Crosshair probably wasn't the best choice for villain, though Angst is Life and is Good. Whitewashing is a problem, but I am Aware of it and can keep myself from making the same mistakes while still enjoying SW content. And while it would have been nice to see a trans clone character, it's okay that Omega isn't, because the choice actually makes sense bc of Science. Have a lovely day :)

#the bad batch #the bad batch spoilers #tbb spoilers #wrecker #crosshair #omega #echo #tech #hunter #clone force 99 #kinda long post

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wr1t3-my-wr0ngs · 4 years

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Somewhat controversial question, but do you think Rex's hair is dyed or natural? Where do you stand on this topic?

Oh boy, now that's a question that I have seen devolve into full blown arguments. Personally, I don't have a preference for natural or dyed. But if I had to pick one, I think I like the idea of his hair being naturally blonde while he still has darker skin.

Because (and I am such a nerd for this to be the reason I like it, believe me I'm aware) it speaks to the genetic variation that's possible in the star wars universe. (Before anyone asks, YES blonde hair and dark skin is genetically possible. There is a population in the Solomon Islands (I think) that has this combination. So far research has indicated that it's a variation that originated within the population, rather then having been introduced. Its a fascinating topic)

Its rather boring, and kinda ridiculous, to assume that every humanoid species/population in the SW Universe will have the exact same genetic combinations, even when accounting for genetic drift. That's just not how genetics works. Each planet (and to an extent solar system, depending on space travel capabilities) is going to have it's own unique twist due to planetary conditions and even cultural preferences.

And we know that clones can and do have different hair colors, the main ones being black (the majority of the clones) and red (like Gree, his choice in hair cuts aside). Now, I'm a little fuzzy on the history between Concord Dawn and Mandalore proper, and I know even less about what the overall population of Concord Dawn looks like, but I do know that blonde hair is a prevalent hair color on Mandalore AND that the two planets are not that far from each other. So it's entirely possible that the gene for blond hair was somehow introduced into Jango's DNA via genetic drift or even just natural occurrence. So it's possible that during the cloning process, some Kaminoan accidentally switched a Cytosine with a Thymine, and by chance activated some dormant part of Jango's genetic history that otherwise would have gone unknown.

I just like the idea that such a small piece of DNA that controls hair color of all things, could speak to the history and relationship between the two planets.

But I also really like the idea that Rex decided that he wanted something that made him him, and not just another face in a sea of faces. That having blonde hair was a choice, a form of self-expression and individuality.

I like the idea because it touches on the (kinda heart breaking) idea of how the Clones have a desire for individuality, to be seen as more than just the same, more than just a never-ending supply of one kind of product, even amongst themselves. How these differences speak to every clones personal identity, how they view themselves, and how they want others to view them.

So to answer your question, do I think Rex dyes his hair or is it natural: I don't know. But as for my preference, well...

#thanks for the ask!#whooo boy thats a loaded question depending on the fan circles

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lupinepublishers · 5 years

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Lupine Publishers| Untold story of Deccan Traps: Role of silicate Liquid Immiscibility

Lupine Publishers| Journal of Oceanography and petrochemical sciences

Mini Review

Role of liquid immiscibility has immense importance in petro genesis of basaltic magmas. Roedder, Weiblen [1,2] postulated that high silica and high iron glasses of the lunar basaltic rocks have widespread petro genetic significance. In lunar basalts, generally, the globules of dark brown glass appear to have composition equivalent to Pyroxene + Iron ore. On the contrary, it is significant that Washington [3] initially recognized that the residual glass in the Deccan Trap basalts should be composition corresponding to a mixture of augite and magnetite. The role of liquid immiscibility in basaltic magmas had been graphically depicted by Roedder [4] in terms of SiO2-(FeO+MgO+CaO)-(K2O+Na2O+Al2O3) diagram; characteristically the liquid immiscibility field in Roedder's ternary plot assumes an elongated elliptical geometry relatively away from SiO2-rich corner. The compositions of terrestrial basalts like Deccan Trap [3] Palisade diabase sill [5] etc. fall close to the demarcated liquid immiscibility field of Roedder [4]. The samples of lunar basalt obtained from Apollo 11 and 12 expeditions were also plotted in the ternary plot proposed by Roedder [4].

However, plots of those lunar rocks are slightly away (from SiO2) from the designated immiscibility field. It is an interesting point to note that basaltic magma parental to the Skaergaard layered igneous complex [6] (representative of Large Igneous Province) also plots close to the immiscibility field boundary with minor staggering. Again from Duluth complex, Minnesota (a representative of Large Igneous Province) Ripley [7] documented existence of sulfide and Fe - Ti -P rich liquid immiscibility, which occurred in continuum. Liquid immiscibility has been described elsewhere (related to plume controlled rift magmatic activity as for example in Panzhihua SW China) where two stage immiscible liquid separations was found to be a valid mechanism with contrasting liquid composition: one with extremely Fe - Ti rich gabbroic composition and the other one is normal syenitic composition. De [8] aptly discussed the role of liquid immiscibility in cases of lunar basalts and Deccan Trap basalts. De [8] was of the opinion that the role of liquid immiscibility during Deccan Trap magma differentiation is a widespread petro genetic process analogous to mechanism suffered by lunar basalts [9].

However, during last three decades unfortunately the role of liquid immiscibility in Deccan petro genesis has not been properly evaluated with adequate emphasis as they had demanded to. Such liquid immiscibility- based studies were adequately thrashed upon with field and phase chemical studies in other Flood basalt province of the world. As for example in Siberian Traps, magma chamber scale liquid immiscibility has been elucidated by Kamenetsky et al. [10]. These natural immiscible melts as found in Siberian Traps correspond extremely well to the conjugate liquids experimentally produced in common basaltic compositions at less than 1025°C. In recent years, however, role of distinct presence of liquid immiscibility has been envisaged from part of Eastern Deccan Province [11]. According to Ganguly et al. [11], the parts of the Eastern Deccan Volcanic Province (based on mineralogical, petrological and geochemical signature) presence of three distinct flows is clearly discernable, which are controlled by fractional crystallization of phenocrystal phases, closely followed by liquid immiscibility. In fact, Ganguly et al. [11] have critically mapped distinct domains of immiscible liquid pods (with geochemical grounds) in each of the three lava flows from parts of Eastern Deccan. Therefore the challenge of the day is to identify the potential sectors within Deccan Traps showing prominent role of liquid immiscibility during magma generation and extrusion. Such proposed future studies will definitely unravel intricacies and variation in the style of liquid immiscibility in Deccan petro genesis.

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#Lupine Publishers #Lupinepublishers #Lupine Publishers group #Journal of Oceanography and petrochemical sciences #open access publishers

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thesummerstorms · 5 years

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4, 10, 11 + star wars?

Send me a fandom and a number for Salty Fandom Opinions

4. Do you have a NoTP in your fandom? Are they a popular OTP?*

SEVERAL. Like, a good portion of my NOTP list is SW and stuff I feel like I shouldn’t have to say.

Sabine/Ezra is probably the sanest, I just really fuckin’ hate the dynamic of “annoying ass boy wears down cool older girl by refusing to reliquish his crush on her until she magically sees he’s Worthy (tm),

Jusik/Arla and Parja/Fi both have all sorts of crazy ass medical/mental dependency and power dynamic issues and issues of dating/sex as obligation for care giving and really, really squick me out. In addition to which, Parja/Fi has this “let’s immediately take away the woman’s job while the guy expresses how much he wants to get her pregnant” dynamic as of O66 & 501st, and Jusik and Arla has the literal mind wipe+ the creepy to me age gap.

Rey/Kylo Ren which like, why the fucking fuck do I have to say this, TLJ was a nightmare in this regard, even if it ended up with her rejecting him. Rey is not a vessel to redeem a fucktard, and he literally tortured her.

Hux/Kylo Ren I don’t give a fuck about either of these assholes; Hux doesn’t even have a personality beyond “genocide”, and honestly a lot of the fandom seems like a hyperfixation on the only two white skinny guys available to fuck.

Kallus/Garazeb I hate this one too. I hated the unearned redemption arc, and I generally dislike the idea of shipping a character with someone who thought they successfully carried out genocide on his entire species.

I also have a significant list of fandom darling pairings that I couldn’t give less of a shit about (including anything with Anakin, Obi-Wan, and certain configurations of TCW characters) but that’s not the ask.

10. Most disliked arc? Why?

I’m having a hard time limiting this down to one.

Callista’s leaving Luke because she couldn’t feel the Force and (at least partially) thought she couldn’t give him Force-sensitive babies and then only showing up later after Luke’s wife was killed and then only to reveal her literal soul had been eaten by a Force-abomination to entrap Luke and give him mangst.

Listen to me, Callista is a Clone Wars era Jedi who not only walked knowingly into her (painful) death and used her spirit + the Force to seize control of a rogue AI and stop it from destroying worlds, she’s also a CW era Jedi who later ensnared a body that wasn’t hers and found herself powerless and stranded years out of her own timeline but determined to regain her abilities and crack down on the Imperial remnant. Do you know how much potential she had to be a bad-ass standalone non-Skywalker character, terrible original books not withstanding? Especially if she slowly regained her Force powers over machinery and AI and electronics?

Etain’s entire BS death sequence, but everyone has heard this one before. She lives with Dar and becomes a Mando Force-using Rebel outside of the influence of her emotionally abusive and misogynist father in law, end of discussion Fuck you, KT.

Mara Jade being fridged for various Skywalker mangst. This is ALSO on Traviss. Fuck you again, KT.

Laranth in the Coruscant Knights series being fridged for mangst for Jax and the entire part where the femme fatale tries to seduce Jax in what is an INCREDIBLY obvious betrayal. Actually I hate this series in general for taking the awesome concept of Coruscanti noir and turning it into a mangst jerk fest with no respect for its female characters.

Fridging the Exile as a Force-spirit-battery and making Revan a (particularly dumb-ass) man fighting yet another variation on yet another Sith empire instead of using literally any of the interesting Force horror themes from Kotor 2

The way the Legacy of the Jedi books focused on making Mirta Gev look spiteful/incompetent/unsympathetic compared to Vestara Kai (who is also repeatedly described sexually from a creepy male pov despite being 19) instead of focusing on the way more interesting conflict of Mirta being friends with Jaina Solo and thrown into conflict against the Solos, who she grudgingly likes/respects in order to find the cure to a genetic virus Jacen Solo introduced to eradicate her and her family if she ever tries to return to her homeworld and her longing to go back to Manda’yaim vs that respect friendship

The whole BS with Canderous’s wife in the Revan novel

Seriously, do we see the effing pattern here?

Also, generally, the Yuuzhan Vong wars, but that’s more just that I found the books boring and hard to get into

The Last Jedi, in general.

11. Is there an unpopular character you like that the fandom doesn’t? Why?

Etain is heavily unpopular in a lot of the more misogynist RepCom circles because they see her as someone who entrapped Darman, etc, etc, but she’s my darling who I love to death. She’s a hot mess, she doesn’t really start off knowing how to deal with other people, she fucks up the pregnancy thing, but she’s also passionate, determined, tough, resourceful, and determined to make up for her mistakes

Callista is unpopular because truthfully her books were terribly written and also Callista/Luke vs Mara/Luke was apparently a major ship war back in the day, but people just fail to see that potential for a bad ass character arc and a unique exploration of the Force and what it means to be a live and have a self identity

I also really love guilty-and-conflicted-and-changing Canderous of late Kotor 1 and Kotor 2, and I feel like a lot of people either dislike or dismiss him as a token blood thirsty character with no depths

#Salty Asks #soundwavereporting

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evoldir · 3 years

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Fwd: Postdoc: UHelsinki.PopulationGenetics

Begin forwarded message: > From: [email protected] > Subject: Postdoc: UHelsinki.PopulationGenetics > Date: 6 December 2021 at 05:42:58 GMT > To: [email protected] > > > > Postdoctoral researcher position in population/landscape genetics at > the University of Helsinki > > Postdoctoral researcher position available in an integrative project to > address spatio-temporal genetic variation of butterflies in relation to > land use and recent population trends for a fixed term of 3-years. > > The post doc will join the Life-history Evolution Research Group > (https://ift.tt/31oM362) led by Associate > Professor Marjo Saastamoinen. The post-doctoral project will also be > part of a newly established Centre for Ecological Genetics (EcoGenetics) > (https://ift.tt/3oqzzG3), > an international collaboration between PIs from universities in Helsinki > (FI), Aarhus (DK), and Aberdeen (UK), with the aim to understand the > effect of insect decline on genetic diversity. In this specific project > the successful post-doctoral candidate is expected to use existing > time-series genomic data/samples available for the Glanville fritillary > butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) in the Åland islands, SW Finland, to examine > both spatial and temporal patterns of genetic variation in relation > to population demographics, climate and land use. Alternatively, or in > addition, genetic sampling of different butterfly species with varying > population trends across land-use gradient accompanied with historical > museum specimens can be used for a more comparative genetic analyses. The > centre will further establish relationships between genetic diversity > and organismal performance, and develop a predictive modelling framework > integrating genetic, ecological and environmental effects on insect > population genetics. The research spans several topics in ecological and > evolutionary research using different molecular methods and statistical > and process-based modelling. > > At the University of Helsinki, the research group of M. Saastamoinen > is also part of the Research Centre for Ecological Change > (www.helsinki.fi/rec) and the Research Programme of Organismal and > Evolutionary Biology at the Faculty of Biological and Environmental > Sciences. Thus the post doc will have an opportunity to interact > within the dynamic and highly international research environments, > with vast expertise in questions related to biodiversity change using > long-term ecological monitoring data and spatial statistical analyses. > The successful candidate will participate in planning and potentially > collecting samples, analyse the genetic data, and lead the writing of > the resulting manuscript(s). The candidate is expected to have a strong > background in evolutionary ecology, more specifically population or > landscape genetics. The successful applicant should have completed a PhD > in evolutionary ecology or genetics, or a related field, and have strong > statistical or bioinformatics skills. We seek candidates with excellent > written and verbal communication skills, and the ability to conceive, > execute and complete research projects, and to think independently and > creatively. The post doc will work as a part of a team and thus good > social skills are also required. > > The starting date is 1.2.2022, but a later starting date can be > negotiated. There will be a trial period of six months in the beginning. > > For more information, contact assoc. prof. Marjo Saastamoinen by email: > [email protected] The salary will be based on level 5 of > the demands level chart for teaching and research personnel in the > salary system of Finnish universities. In addition, the appointee will > be paid a salary component based on personal performance. The starting > salary will be ca. 3300–3800 euros/month, depending on the > appointee’s qualifications and experience. > > Application should include the following documents as a single pdf file: > • motivational letter (max 1 page), > • CV (max 2 pages) > • publication list > Include also contact information of two persons who can provide a > reference letter based on request. > > Please submit your application using the University of Helsinki > Recruitment System via the Apply link. Applicants who are employees of > the University of Helsinki are requested to leave their application via > the SAP HR portal. The deadline for submitting the application is 20 > December 2021. Moren information and the apply link: https://ift.tt/3GhFvHz > population-landscape-genetics In case you need technical support with > the recruitment system, please contact rekrytointi(at)helsinki.fi. > > > Marjo Saastamoinen > Associate Professor in Evolutionary Ecology > Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE)/ Organismal and Evolutionary > Biology Research Programme > Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences > > University of Helsinki > > Finland > > https://ift.tt/31oM362 > > https://ift.tt/3dJHVjO > > "Saastamoinen, Marjo A K" > via IFTTT

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ouraidengray4 · 6 years

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What Makes Someone a Heavy Sleeper (and How Do You Become One)?

If you've ever shared a bedroom with someone, you're probably aware of the fact that some people can sleep so deeply that you could blast the TV at full volume and they wouldn't even stir, whereas others require the perfect cocktail of darkness, silence, and temperature to keep them asleep. You may even be both of those people in a single lifetime—or even in a single week. But what exactly makes someone a light sleeper or a heavy sleeper? Turns out, the answer is fairly complicated: Sleep, like most other facets of human life, involves a lot of factors.

"Assuming everyone has a healthy lifestyle, there is individual variation," says Jocelyn Y. Cheng, MD, assistant professor of neurology with a specialization in sleep medicine at NYU Langone. So even after ruling out differences in lifestyle—diet, activity, substance use—and disorders like sleep apnea, our sleep habits can still vary greatly.

But what is "deep sleep" anyway?

We all go through cycles of deeper and lighter sleep every night, so the difference between a heavy and a light sleeper may be the amount of time a person spends in certain phases of their sleep cycle.

As you may remember from high-school biology, there are four stages of sleep that we cycle through every night, from the lightest (falling asleep) to the deepest, wherein the body repairs and strengthens the muscles, brain, and immune system. After each cycle, we enter REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, which is where dreams happen. The NREM (non-rapid eye movement) stages leading up to REM take about 90 minutes, and each REM period lasts a bit longer than the previous one, usually up to an hour by the final REM stage of the night. REM is technically the lightest kind of sleep—closest to waking.

Like many things, sleep is easier when you're a kid.

The deepest stages, however, are "collectively known as Slow-Wave Sleep (SWS)" and are common when you're very young, says Michael Perlis, PhD, director of the Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program at University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine. "The large amounts of SWS in early life likely accounts for the deep sleep that young people experience."

This may explain, in part, why, when you were little, your parents may have been able to carry you from the couch to your bed without you ever knowing, but as an adult, the slightest jostling from your partner might pull you right out of sleep.

EDITOR'S PICK

Other factors—including lifestyle—play a part.

"Sex, metabolism, and genetics also likely determine how deeply a person sleeps," Perlis says. Studies have found that women tend to preserve their slow-wave sleep better than men. However, there is an overall decline in slow wave sleep as we age, but there is more decline in men overall.

Hormones and other brain functions are also part of the sleep/waking cycle, including systems that specifically keep you from waking up. And when you're awake, sleep-promoting substances accumulate in your brain—essentially getting you more and more ready to go to sleep the longer you stay awake.

Your environment factors into your sleep quality too. While Perlis and Cheng both recommend a quiet, dark, cool environment for sleeping, most of us already know how we sleep best—even when that means lights, music, or the TV on.

"If somebody is already habituated to something, they go to sleep when they're tired and wake up when they want to, and it doesn't really interfere with their functioning during the day, it's truly not going to be much of a problem," Cheng says. So if you're used to sleeping with noise or sound in your environment, and it doesn't seem to be negatively impacting your quality of sleep, there's probably no harm in it.

This is probably part-idiosyncratic and part-habituation—no one knows exactly why one noise/light environment works better for some people than others, except that you generally sleep best with whatever you're used to. Perlis adds, however, that "predictable or monotonous noise" can help mask unexpected sounds in the night to help prevent sudden waking for those of us more sensitive to noise. White or pink noise, he says, is generally better for this function than television.

You may just be more (or less) sensitive.

"Part of this may have to do with the individual's neurobiology—their strength of sensory inhibition during sleep," Perlis says.

"For reasons we don't understand, some people just happen to be more sensitive to certain provoking factors. Some people tend to be very sensitive to light, and that's not uncommon, because light is one of the strongest zeitgebers (environmental clues) for keeping us awake," Cheng says.

Other atmospheric factors also play a part in shaping a person's circadian rhythm. But ultimately, people are different: Just like genetics and other inbred factors can hard-wire what makes some of us happy running on six hours of sleep while others can't function without a full eight, some of us are just naturally more sensitive sleepers. If you're one of these, that doesn't mean all hope is lost, however: There are definitely a variety of ways to help yourself sleep better—whether or not you lucked out in the genetic sleep lottery.

Ariana DiValentino is a writer and filmmaker based in Brooklyn. She is very, very worried. You can follow her on Instagram and Twitter. from Greatist RSS https://ift.tt/2ILHNC0 What Makes Someone a Heavy Sleeper (and How Do You Become One)? Greatist RSS from HEALTH BUZZ https://ift.tt/2I0mMCq

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delicatelysublimeforester · 6 years

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“Never before in the history of man has forestry, both in the developed and developing worlds, attracted so much public attention. Environmental degradation and the decline of forests in industrial countries, the continued destruction of forests in developing countries, and evidence of global climate change have all combined to raise the awareness of politicians, planners, and the media to the vital importance of forests in the well-being of nations, and to the knowledge that in our time, the remnants of natural forest ecosystems, with their great diversity of habitats, are in danger of destruction. “~Laurence Roche[7]

Professor Laurence Roche, B. Agr., M.A., M.F., Ph.D. [October 20, 1927-November 23, 1999] had never met the world renowned silviculturist Richard St. Barbe Baker, however Roche was an avid reader of the books published by Dr. Richard St. Barbe Baker, L.L.D, O.B.E. F.A.I.L., For. Dip. Cantab., It was these books, that convinced Laurence Roche to persue a lifetime career in forestry.

Professor Roche born in Wexford, Ireland, had eight siblings. His cousin was the novelist John Banville, and besides devouring works by Baker and novels by Thomas Merton theologian and mystic, Roche was widely read. Considering the same trajectory as Richard St. Barbe Baker, Roche contemplated entering a school of Divinity to become a priest, however Baker’s works inspired Roche to leap feet first, and pursue forestry at Trinity College, Dublin receiving his B.A., B. Agr. [Forestry] in 1960. Roche followed up with a traveling scholarship completing his Masters in Science [1962] and Doctorate from the University of British Columbia [1966].

Business, Technology, 21st Century Culture, Planet Earth

Planet Earth, the World, is in our Hands

Roche received postings in both Canada for the Canadian Forest Service and Professor of Forestry and Head, Department of Forestry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Roche embraced a global view following in the footsteps of Richard St. Barbe Baker. Roche advocated that forests were not isolated economic resources for immediate gain. Tropical forests needed to be viewed and assessed in an ecological and social context, and educated African forestry corps to take a lead in safeguarding their forests.

Working alongside John Bene in 1975, they recommended and established programmes on agrisilviculture in developing countries leading to more efficient land use, programmes to improve the lot of rural forest dwellers, by addressing hunger, shelter and degradation of the environment. John Bene, an indefatiguable Canadian forester and inspiring visionary, initiated priorities on tropical forestry research and lead the way to establish the International Centre for Research on Agroforestry (ICRAF) [now known as the Nairobi-based World Agroforestry Centre] in 1977.

“The relationship of populations to their ecosystems is the forest geneticist’s central area of inquiry, and, if he is to gain a fairly complete understanding of these relationships, he must regard the intricate patterns of evolution and coevolution. Therefore, forest genetics engages in ecosystems biology, or, more narrowly, in population biology. ..The environmental conditions that permit a population to survive permanently, and with which this population interacts, today are usually designated as its “ecological niche.” ~Laurence Roche [10]

Roche recognized that “almost all tree species studied to date exhibit habitat-correlated, genetically based variation. When the species is distributed over a wide range of environments, variation within a species is often very great. It is this variation, referred to as the genetic resources of the species, which is the basis of evolutionary development, and the starting point for selection and breeding programmes. Such programmes are virtually non-existant for tropical trees. ~ Laurence Roche.[3]”

Following his work with IDRC advisor Bene, to integrate forestry, and agriculture with animal husbandry to optimize tropical forest land use, Roche accepted a position as Professor Department of Forestry and Wood Science, School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, University College of North Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd.

Roche was the founding father of the “Journal of Forest Ecology and Management,” a peer reviewed periodical focusing on the forest ecology interaction with forest management, alongside innovation and research in the fields of biological, ecological and social issues in regards to the management and conservation of natural forests and their biosphere. Forest Ecology and Management is committed to open access bringing forward new ideas and approaches to forest management, and forest ecology.

The spirit and zeal of Professor Roche continued following his retirement. Though settling down in Madaboy, Murroe, Co. Limerick, Ireland, Roche continued to advocate for the tropical forest, making frequent journeys. Roche also provided counsel to the Food and Agricultural Organisation headquartered in Rome. According to Trevor West, Roche was awarded the Chevalier de l’Ordre du Mérite Agricole [The Order of Agricultural Merit] in 1991, and was elected an honorary fellow of Trinity College Dublin [TCD] in 1993.

“I had news that an ecological survey was being undertaken in the Sahara, to the North of the Gold Coast, and I learnt that the local tribesmen had been forced by increased desertification to retreat to a small patch of land, the last remaining patch of forest in the area. There was desert behind them for a thousand miles, and desert to either side of them for a thousand miles, the chiefs had forbidden marriage and the women refused to bear children because the end of the forest was in sight….I was determined that the Kenyans should never have to suffer such an appalling social and ecological disaster.” Richard St. Barbe Baker.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Forest Ecology and Management Science to Sustain the World’s Forests Editors-in-Chief: Mark Adams, Dan Binkley, Todd S. Fredericksen, Jean-Paul Laclau, Harri Mäkinen, Cindy E. Prescott, Yowhan Son

2. Major figure in Third World Forestry Sat. Dec. 4, 1999. The Irish Times.

3. Roche, Laurence. Conserving Endangered Tree Species. The Road to Extinction: Problems of Categorizing the Status of Taxa Threatened with Extinction : Proceedings of a Symposium Held by the Species Survival Commission, Madrid, 7 and 9 November 1984 IUCN conservation library International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Editors Richard Fitter, Maisie Fitter Contributors International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Species Survival Commission, United Nations Environment Programme Edition illustrated. Publisher IUCN, 1987. ISBN 2880329299, 9782880329297

4. Roche, Laurence. Neglected value of green city lungs New Scientist. 8 Sep 1977. Vol. 75, No. 1068. ISSN 0262-4079

5. Roche, Laurence. Report on trhree weeks consultancy in Forest Genetics Resources Conservation, Brazil. Consultant Final Report IICA/Embrapa-Procensul II Publisher Bib. Orton IICA / CATIE. JUne 254-July 14, 1987.

6. Roche, L. Gene Resource Conservation International Union of Forestry Research Organisations (IUFRO) Working Party S2.02.2 L. Roche. Head Department of Forestry University of Ibada, Nigeria.

7. Roche, Laurence “The Profession of Forestry Now and in the Year 2000.” The Commonwealth Forestry Review, vol. 71, no. 1, 1992, pp. 13–19. JSTOR, JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/42608498.

8. Roche, Laurence The Professional Forester and the Farmer: One Man’s Experience.” The International Forestry Review, vol. 1, no. 2, 1999, pp. 112–114. JSTOR, JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/42609155.

9. Roche, Laurence The Silvicultural Significance of Geographic Variation in the White Engelmann Spruce Complex in British Columbia The Forestry Chronicle, 1970, 46(2): 116-125, https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc46116-2

10. Stern, Dr. Klaus and Laurence Roche. Genetics of Forest Ecosystems Volume 6 of Ecological Studies Edition illustrated. Publisher Springer Science & Business Media, 2012. ISBN 3642655173, 9783642655173. Page 1 and 3.

11. West, Trevor. Roche, Laurence . Dictionary of Irish Biography. Cambridge University Press.

For more information: Richard St. Barbe Baker Afforestation Area is located in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada north of Cedar Villa Road, within city limits, in the furthest south west area of the city. 52° 06′ 106° 45′ Addresses: Part SE 23-36-6 – Afforestation Area – 241 Township Road 362-A Part SE 23-36-6 – SW Off-Leash Recreation Area (Richard St. Barbe Baker Afforestation Area ) – 355 Township Road 362-A S ½ 22-36-6 Richard St. Barbe Baker Afforestation Area (West of SW OLRA) – 467 Township Road 362-A NE 21-36-6 “George Genereux” Afforestation Area – 133 Range Road 3063 Wikimapia Map: type in Richard St. Barbe Baker Afforestation Area Google Maps South West Off Leash area location pin at parking lot Web page: https://stbarbebaker.wordpress.com Where is the Richard St. Barbe Baker Afforestation Area? with map Facebook: StBarbeBaker Facebook group page : Users of the St Barbe Baker Afforestation Area Facebook: South West OLRA Contact the Meewasin Valley Authority in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. The MVA has begun a Richard St. Barbe Baker Afforestation Area trust fund. If you wish to support the afforestation area with your donation, write a cheque to the “Meewasin Valley Authority Richard St. Barbe Baker Afforestation Area trust fund (MVA RSBBAA trust fund)”. Please and thank you! Twitter: StBarbeBaker Please contemplate joining the SOS Elms coalition or make a donation to SOS Elms ~ leave a message to support the afforestation area 😉

Professor Laurence Roche "Never before in the history of man has forestry, both in the developed and developing worlds, attracted so much public attention.

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atintintintin · 6 years

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Copy Number Variation Analysis of 100 Twin Pairs Enriched for Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Twin Res Hum Genet. 2018 Jan 08;:1-11

Authors: Stamouli S, Anderlid BM, Willfors C, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Wei J, Berggren S, Nordgren A, Scherer SW, Lichtenstein P, Tammimies K, Bölte S

Abstract Hundreds of penetrant risk loci have been identified across different neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), and these often involve rare (<1% frequency) copy number variations (CNVs), which can involve one or more genes. Monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs are long thought to share 100% of their genomic information. However, genetic differences in the form of postzygotic somatic variants have been reported recently both in typically developing (TD) and in clinically discordant MZ pairs. We sought to investigate the contribution of rare CNVs in 100 twin pairs enriched for NDD phenotypes with a particular focus on postzygotic CNVs in MZ pairs discordant for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using the Illumina Infinium PsychArray. In our sample, no postzygotic de novo CNVs were found in 55 MZ twin pairs, including the 13 pairs discordant for ASD. We did detect a higher rate of CNVs overlapping genes involved in disorders of the nervous system, such as a rare deletion affecting HNRNPU, in MZ pairs discordant and concordant for ASD in comparison with TD pairs (p = .02). Our results are in concordance with earlier findings that postzygotic de novo CNV events are typically rare in genomic DNA derived from saliva or blood, and suggests that the discordance of NDDs in our sample of twins is not explained by discordant CNVs. Still, studies investigating postzygotic variation in MZ discordant twins using DNA from different tissues and single cells and higher resolution genomics are needed in the future.

PMID: 29307321 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

via pubmed: autism http://ift.tt/2DbedU4

#IFTTT #pubmed: autism

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uncrcow · 7 years

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Q: How did dogs become domesticated?

The author’s dog :)

When exactly did humans and dogs become best buds? Approximately 12,000 years ago!

The saga of human and dog is a winding road, especially when we try to break down just how dogs became domesticated. First, let’s take a look at what domestication actually is.

No, keeping house is not what makes something domesticated. Domestication is the process of changing a wild animal by selectively breeding certain traits to be prominent in their offspring; these traits tend to improve human life and make it easier. Take horses or oxen for an example; as beasts of burden, they have the physical strength to plow fields or pull wagons. They definitely made life easier when folks packed up or planted seeds.

Having people involved in this selective breeding captures the variations in a species- this could be the sturdiness of an animal, their demeanor, or even their coloring.

Dogs were the first animals to be domesticated. Out of all the flora and fauna that early homo sapiens interacted with, dogs were the first! They originated out of Eurasia and even have almost identical living descendants that play fetch and chomp on treats today. If you have a type of mastiff or greyhound, then your pup is almost indistinguishable from its ancestors!

Most scientists believe that domesticated dogs have a direct connection to wolves. This is mostly due to their shared characteristics seen in young wolves like submissive behavior, a short jaw, and a smaller brain. There is also a social element to our doggie friends. Dogs are social creatures just like us. They recognize hierarchies and the ins and outs of group living.

Humans intervened with wolf social dynamics; they bred early dogs mostly for utility like hunting, guarding, among other dog jobs. Eventually both humans and dogs accepted each other into the pack. As human civilization evolved through the development of agriculture, so too did the roles of dogs. Just as farmers and shepherds had new roles as technology developed the utility of a domestic dog evolved too. Domesticated dogs also had a distinct relationship with Native Americans in North America. These dogs were deeply embedded in daily life, especially in the livelihoods of migratory tribes. They helped move people to new places with sleds or even helped with hunting and gathering. Unfortunately, dogs native to North America no longer exist due to colonization and the pressure from a European presence.

European influence greatly changed the course of domesticated dogs. By the 18th century, dogs were domesticated for reasons beyond improving daily life. They now approached how we view dogs: as pets and companions. This influence also introduced breeds involved in human life beyond working and hunting dogs; dogs were bred to be more like companions. This type of breeding actually cut down on the genetic variance in dogs. However, this diversion from utility also indicates that people found a different purpose for having dogs in their lives: puppy love

There are still gaps in the story, but dogs have been human’s best friends for quite a while.

P.S. Despite continued attempts, cats never have been fully domesticated. They do poop in boxes, so that’s a win, I guess.

Resources

Grimm, D. (2015). Dawn of the dog. Science, 348(6232), 274-279. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.348.6232.274

Grimm, D. (2015) How the Wolf Became the Dog. Science 348(6232), 277. http://doi.org10.1126/science.348.6232.277

Ramey, M. A. (2011). Dogs. In K. A. Brosnan (Ed.), Encyclopedia of American Environmental History. (Vol. 2, pp. 400-402). New York, NY: Facts on File. Retrieved from go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&sw=w&u=unc_main&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CCX1981000219&asid=8843a4997fe56b49b95a660c82dea20f

Thompson, Lana. (2011). Domesticated animals. In K. A. Brosnan (Ed.), Encyclopedia of American Environmental History. (Vol. 2, pp. 400-402). New York: Facts on File. Retrieved from go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&sw=w&u=unc_main&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CCX1981000221&asid=a4d86f80e264467152bed07da1ce7dec

West, B. R. (2002). Domestic Animals. In A. B. Cobb (Ed.), Animal Sciences. (Vol. 2, pp. 27-30). New York, NY: Macmillan Reference USA. Retrieved from go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&sw=w&u=unc_main&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CCX3400500110&asid=c65c692715ce19649586d8e7d28010cc

West, B. R. (2002). Selective Breeding. Animal Sciences. In A. B. Cobb (Ed.), Animal Sciences. (Vol. 4, pp. 64-67). New York, NY: Macmillan Reference USA. Retrieved from go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&sw=w&u=unc_main&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CCX3400500295&asid=11ccbc9a24b7b205343bb3ae2508eee1

Image Resources

Cute Animated GIF. Digital Image. GIPHY. Retrieved from http://giphy.com/gifs/day-ice-hump-mbeBWFPtqdq36

Dogs Animate GIF. Digital Image. GIPHY. Retrieved from http://giphy.com/gifs/12DNVFxZZqp7AQ

Lasher, M. The author’s dog. Personal Photography.

The Blacklist Animated GIF. Digital Image. GIPHY. Retrieved from http://giphy.com/gifs/theblacklist-the-blacklist-nbc-3ornjHaPromULLEmAw

Wolves Animated GIF. Digital Image. GIPHY. Retrieved from http://giphy.com/gifs/wolves-uQJ3Um05s0SBi

Written by Meggie Lasher

#UNC Chapel Hill #UNC Libraries #uncRCOW #ask a librarian #dogs #man's best friend #domestication #selective breeding #wolves #puppy love #untameable #cats #university of north carolina #carolina #Chapel Hill

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evoldir · 5 years

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Fwd: Graduate position: BielefeldU.MadagascarBirdEvolution

Begin forwarded message: > From: [email protected] > Subject: Graduate position: BielefeldU.MadagascarBirdEvolution > Date: 5 September 2019 at 07:09:54 BST > To: [email protected] > > > 3 year PhD studentship available: Bielefeld University (Germany) and > University of Bath (UK). > > With Prof Oliver Kruger, Dr Nayden Chakarov, Prof Joe Hoffman and Prof > Tamas Szekely. > > Mating systems and parental behaviour are among the most diverse social > behaviours, and recent research suggests that the social environment > influences these behaviours. Small plovers (Charadrius spp.) exhibit > highly variable breeding systems, between and within species, making them > an ideal model system for studying the causes and consequences of sex > ratio variation. The objective of this studentship is to investigate these > fundamental issues by means of fieldwork in three plover populations in > Madagascar. The research builds on the results from previous successful > studentships working with these birds. > > We seek a bright and highly motivated student with a keen interest in > evolutionary ecology and behavioural ecology. Willingness to carry out > fieldwork in a challenging tropical environment is essential for this > position. The student will search for nests, trap birds and collect > blood and other samples and record plover behaviour. In addition, they > will use molecular methods in the laboratory for sexing and the genetic > analysis of host-associated parasite communities. Previous experience > of avian field biology or any other field experience in the tropics is > very important, while experience of population genetic approaches and/or > parasitology would be beneficial. > > Fieldwork will be in a remote and pristine location in SW > Madagascar. Facilities are extremely basic, the weather can be very harsh, > and a great deal of walking and cycling are required. Opportunities > for communication with the outside world are very limited. You must be > physically fit, hard-working and meticulous, and have a proven ability > to work independently. You must have a positive attitude and an ability > to look after yourself (i.e. cook your own meals, deal with logistics > and organise your own work over extended periods). Speaking French is > advantageous, but is not a requirement. > > The overall aim of the project is to study the immuno-ecological causes > of sex ratio bias in three sympatric species of plovers with varying > mating systems at a single location in Madagascar. At which stage of the > life cycle and how do mortality differences between the sexes emerge, > and what are the demographic consequences of these differences? We > aim to experimentally manipulate parasite infections in plovers > but also to monitor populations closely to identify the proximate > causes of previously described adult sex ratio biases. In addition, > the student will test hypotheses relating to mating system evolution, > and develop demographic models to estimate key demographic properties > of natural populations. Experience of statistical modelling and/or > parasitological/immunological techniques is therefore advantageous and > more generally, strong quantitative skills are highly desirable. > > Key references > > Eberhart-Phillips, L. J., Küpper, C., Carmona-Isunza, M. C., Vincze, > O., Zefania, S., Cruz-Lopez, M., Kosztolanyi, A., Miller, T. E. X., > Barta, Z., Cuthill, I. C., Burke, T., Szekely, T., Hoffman, J. I. & > Krüger, O. (2018) Demographic causes of adult sex ratio variation and > their consequences for parental cooperation. Nature Comm. 9: 1651. > > Ancona, S., Denes, F. V., Krüger, O., Szekely, T. & > Beissinger, S. R. (2017) Estimating adult sex ratios in > nature. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 372: 20160313. > > Eberhart-Phillips, L. J., Küpper, C., Miller, T. E. X., Cruz-Lopez, M., > Maher, K., dos Remedios, N., Stoffel, M. A., Hoffman, J. I., Krüger, > O. & Szekely, T. (2017) Sex-specific early survival drives adult sex > ratio bias in snowy plovers and impacts mating system and population > growth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 114: E5474-E5481. > > The student will be based at the Department > of Animal Behaviour at Bielefeld University > (https://ift.tt/2MY5TP1). The > Department is the oldest of its kind in Germany and currently hosts > 7 Principal Investigators, 7 Postdocs and 15 PhD students. It offers > a stimulating international environment and an excellent research > infrastructure with access to state-of-the-art methodologies. The > working language of the Department is English. The student will also > have the opportunity to spend some time at the University of Bath > (https://ift.tt/2NSk33W) in the United > Kingdom. The project and the supervision will provide the student with an > integrative training and will prepare him/her very well for a scientific > career in behavioural ecology. > > The studentship (E13/65%) is funded by the German Science Foundation > (DFG) and is available for 3 years. Additional funding is available > for fieldwork and for attending conferences. Please send your CV, the > name of 2 referees, and a concise statement of your research interests > as a single PDF file to: [email protected]. For further > information concerning this position, please contact Oliver Krüger > ([email protected]) or Tamás Székely ([email protected]). > > Bielefeld University is an equal opportunity employer. We welcome > applications from severely handicapped people. We particularly welcome > applications from women. Given equal suitability, qualifications > and professional achievement, women will be given preference, unless > particular circumstances pertaining to a male applicant predominate. > > The deadline for applications is 30.09.2019. > > Interviews will be held soon thereafter and the position is available > as soon as possible. > > Prof. Joseph Hoffman Department of Animal Behaviour University of > Bielefeld Postfach 100131 33501 Bielefeld Germany +49 (0)521 1062711 > https://ift.tt/2MVcMkg > > Joe Hoffman > via IFTTT

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