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#physical chemistry
scienceboi · 2 months
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I'm taking hormones, doing dark magic, and emitting photons that violate electric dipole selection rules. Call that a forbidden transition.
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crisis-vision · 1 year
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Experiment A - The Vibrational-Rotational Spectra of Acetylenes
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marie-curie · 1 year
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01.03.2023 // i finally moved into my new appartement. but i don't have any wifi until the middle of march. so i have to visit a lot of cafes to use their wifi plus watch star trek enterprise (because that's the only show i have currently downloaded). but i'm quite happy. my physical chemistry exam is in two weeks and i have enough time to revise and study for it. plus i'm working at a school two times per week that's also quite cool.
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girl4music · 3 months
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DomKat’s physical and emotional chemistry: That quick sexy Lift thing that Nicole does with Waverly
This is Part 2 in a meta series in observing how DomKat portray physical and emotional intimacy as WayHaught
These physically intimate bodily responses from the Season 2 episode 'Shed Your Skin' and the Season 4 episode 'Crazy' are likely more improvised on the spot by Kat than choreographed by anyone. Kat portrays Nicole lifting Dom portraying Waverly onto her waist in a playfully dominant action to engage in physical intimacy with her. Not only does this require great chemistry between them but also immense trust as, because it's likely improvised on the spot, there would be no indication to Dom that Kat was going to do that. Having that established trust between them throughout all their intimate scenes would provide them freedom to slip into improvisation where bodily responses are much more immediate and quick than they would be if they were choreographed and have to be remembered. It absolutely still requires acting talent because improvisation is still a performance and all of the best actors always include improvisation in their performances. Especially when performing physical intimacy. 
Lucy Lawless, for example, is very adept at this and this is why I liken Waverly and Nicole to Xena and Gabrielle when it comes to their physical and emotional intimacy. A lot of body language is used to communicate and convey their intentions and emotions in scenes. What it shows most of all to me when Kat does this quick sexy Lift thing is that these two actors are very comfortable with being in each other's personal space. Most probably because their friendship off-screen is just as comfortable and natural and they can play off of each other seamlessly without any kind of direction or choreography. Their body language is at a level where they do not need words to communicate with each other, nor any scripted action or behaviour which is just how it also is with Lucy Lawless and Renee O'Connor. 
But nevertheless - friendship, no friendship - it still requires talent because improvisation performing is not something just anyone can do. You can ask any dancer or athlete the same and they will tell you what it takes to be able put their mind aside to achieve these feats. Kat Barrell may not be either but she's very good at physical acting and even something as small and simple as this action proves it. Dom's ability to anticipate Kat's bodily response with their own response in that they react to Kat's by immediately jumping into her arms just displays immense trust in their connection as their on-screen characters as well as their off-screen connection as friends. It's really something and likely couldn't be done with anyone else. These two actors share a very special camaraderie with each other that allows them the ease to just go with the flow in their intimate scenes and observing and examining it as closely as I am right now only makes me love their physical and emotional chemistry all the more because I can see how natural and organic it is between them. I have watched so many other physically intimate scenes between other actors where that's not the case at all and it looks incredibly contrived and awkward and you feel like the characters are violating each other’s personal space because they don’t look comfortable at all. The energy between them is off-putting to watch. I never feel that way with either Xena and Gabrielle or Waverly and Nicole because I just see how right it is for them to be together. In actual fact what I'm witnessing is the organic, natural, real chemistry between the actors when performing intimacy in their scenes. While it's true that Lucy and Renee had very little of the physical to portray compared to Kat and Dom, I can still tell that had they been allowed to portray that same level of physical intimacy as their characters, it would be as seamless because of their friendship combined with their talents in improvisation and physical acting.
In other words - I COULD very much see Waverly and Nicole do justice to Xena and Gabrielle cosplay and vice versa because the level of chemistry between Lucy and Renee and Kat and Dom is similar, as is their level of acting talent and ability together as well as individually. I always say there will never be any other WLW ship like Xena and Gabrielle BUT partially the reason why I say that is because of the unique way in which they provided queer representation with them. It had to be carefully written and performed as to appease studio censors prohibiting their physical intimacy as a WLW couple - hence why their emotional intimacy was amped up to the max. That will always be what makes them really stand out as a WLW ship compared to any other ever. But the level of chemistry between Lucy and Renee has been officially achieved in my opinion with Kat and Dom. I see and feel just as much chemistry between Kat and Dom as I do with Lucy and Renee to the point where if they were to be put on a panel together in competition discussing their characters and the intimacy that they portrayed for them, I'd hear much the same answers back from both duos. If anything DomKat would win with actually remembering their scenes because Lucy and Renee have never been the greatest with remembering, and that's fair enough since their show ended a longer time ago and they don't watch and rewatch as fans themselves which DomKat have spoken about doing several times in panels. So, yes, there is a lot of difference but there is a lot of similarity as well. They are both honestly the best representation I've ever seen in portraying very natural and organic intimate WLW ships where it is as real and authentic as it possibly could be in TV art/entertainment at the time.
I've said it before and I'll say it again: It is like Xena and Gabrielle walked so Waverly and Nicole could fly. This is great progression for WLW and queer representation and I will talk more about the similarities between these WLW ships when I move on to the parts of this meta series addressing emotional intimacy because there is really distinctive parallels there that need to be acknowledged on this subject.
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sukimas · 9 months
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i'm not gonna reblog this post because it is overall quite good and i just have a nitpick with this part but actually the way the body processes food is pretty much combustion. like it produces CO2 and water from hydrocarbons. that's all combustion is.
food (kilo)calories are also just a measure of energy present in the food. you'll notice if you go to europe that the big label at the top of nutrition facts says Energy and not Calories. but actually, all levels on nutrition facts are theoretical; you are not going to necessarily absorb all the iron, protein, or ascorbic acid in the food either, but the amount present there is still labeled.
a calorie is defined as the measure of energy it takes to heat 1 g of water up 1 degree celsius. why we use that (x1000) to measure food calories is because a number of foods are mostly water, and so are you, but your body is of course measured in kg so it's useful to use kcal. also calorimetry measures energy of complete combustion by the change in temperature of water surrounding the combustion; many bond dissociation energies are reported in kcal/mol still rather than kJ/mol. we use bomb calorimeters because if we don't allow the internal volume to change, we can get a more accurate estimate of bond dissociation energy. calorimetry is not a hack nutritionist's plot against you, but simply the best measure we have of measuring the energy present in materials. we cannot know exactly what's in food structurally or even chemically, so we can't run molecular dynamics simulations to estimate the energies present in catabolism.
now, are energies measured by bomb calorimetry misleading as to how your body processes food? yes. your body does perform combustion on anything it can break down into glucose and co., but it doesn't necessarily perform complete combustion. some small amounts of carbon monoxide are produced in the digestive tract due to this, even! it depends on the type of food you eat how completely it combusts. for example, if you eat a tablespoon of sugar, it'll probably be processed into almost all the calories, whereas if you eat a tablespoon of rye with the same amount of theoretical glucose, it probably won't. this is a significant gripe i have with the quote unquote health food industry, actually- a lot of things are estimated as having higher amounts of accessible calories than they really have, so people end up calorie-cutting by labels in order to diet but then it's compounded by the fact that a number of the calories are entirely inaccessible. so if you calorie-cut to 1600 kcal/day but you're only eating fruits, vegetables, ancient grains, and lean meat, you're probably processing those "1600 kcal" into 1300 or less kcal!
but kilocalories aren't the only misleading thing on food labels, and while eyeballing nutrition facts can help you get enough of essential nutrients like vitamin A and K and the like, in many cases it won't be in the most easily accessible form, so you might malnourish yourself. iron is a big problem here, and why i recommend impossible foods so much to people who are vegetarian and especially vegan; heme is one of the few types of iron that the human body can process, so that impossible foods contain it without being meat makes them extremely important to a non-iron-supplemented vegetarian diet. anyway, digression aside, are the beauty and food industries intentionally being misleading about how accurate kcal are? almost certainly. is the utilization of the kilocalorie (and bomb calorimetry generally) for measurement of energy in foods due to this? almost certainly not.
(P.S.: if you'd like to know why your body isn't constantly on fire due to the fact that you're combusting all the time, that would be because thermodynamics of combustion (a reaction where the products are ludicrously heavily favored) are distinct from the kinetics of combustion commonly (in the atmosphere with so much available oxygen, the rate laws dictate that combustion goes really fast. in your body with enzymatic processes, it goes fairly slowly). everything that can combust is combusting, just very slowly, from paper to gas to sugar- if you leave glucose out in the air, it'll slowly slowly slowly burn even without heat applied; the enzymes in your body get over that initial heat/energy barrier, though, and burn it quicker. however, since there's no continual heat applied, it won't set off a chain chemical reaction and burn very quickly unless something's extremely wrong with your body. eat your antioxidants)
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algorizmi · 2 months
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Now I won't have to guess the freezing point of hot sauces anymore
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miss-butterscotch · 11 months
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16.06.23 // 1.54 pm Study, study, study..! Life is all about studying and good grades XD
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squadron-of-damned · 6 months
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The entire trick of [thing] is more afraid of you than you are afraid of it does not apply to physical chemistry. Physical chemistry fears nothing.
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Isabella Karle
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Physical chemist Isabella Karle was born in 1921 in Detroit, Michigan. Karle is regarded as a pioneer in physical chemistry and crystallography. Her method for determining crystal structures formed the basis for all advanced x-ray crystallography, and dramatically improved both the accuracy and speed of chemical and biomedical analysis. Karle was the first to publish the structures of several complex organic and inorganic substances, and determined the structures of many important compounds. She was the author of more than 240 publications, and the winner of the 1995 National Medal of Science in Chemistry.
Isabella Karle died in 2017 at the age of 95.
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academiawho · 1 year
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I need tips on how to study/revise for chemistry,especially physical chemistry.
Dear anon, I don't know whether you meant boards or competitive exams, so I covered for both since it is based on common ground anyway.
So👇
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There is no other way that we could do well in physical chemistry except practice. A LOT.
What I understand about this dilemma (that I too have at this point, not fully solved) is that by the time you do at least 15 questions on a topic, you can get a grasp on the important formulae/which topics the questions hail from.
Mole concept : limiting reagent, M, m, w/w or w/v% (this particular option is not that frequent), reactions with stoichiometry coinciding with chemical kinetics, electrochemistry and metallurgy
Atomic Structure : which spectral series is in which region of the spectrum, sums with ratio of wavelengths (largest, smallest, comparison of different series), emission and absorption spectra, parts correlating to the physics part of energy levels and radius of hydrogen-like species
Gaseous state : GRAHAM'S LAW OF DIFFUSION (I cannot stress this enough, do it), the Cv and Cp values for Mono, Di and Polyatomic gases which connects thermo in Chem as well as Physics, mean free path proportionalities
Thermo (unit) : everything. All the laws, equations and graphs. adiabatic, isothermal, isochoric, my head and my tongue. Do every numerical in thermo. It's a weak point for a lot of us and we, right now, have the time to make it... Well, a not weak point.
Equilibrium : learn all the formulae and before you learn the formulae visualise/logically understand how something is happening. Log tables, roots, figure out some way to make decimal operations easier. A lot of sums from this one tpo because it isn't that connected to physics like thermo or electrochemistry
Redox : Make a trick for recognising which one is oxidation and which one is reduction. Balancing reactions must be practiced.
Solid state : Repetitive revision of the lattice examples is the only way we can remember them. Muscle memory can serve us well here. Make charts or stick it up on your wall to look at it every few days if that works for you. The rest are formulae and 4-5 numbers to be remembered. Density sums, chemical formula sums, voids sums <- practice
Solutions : formulae, how you get van't hoff factor for a compound, association and dissociation which is linked with electrochemistry molar conductivity part
Electrochemistry : formulae, graphs, molar conductivity sums, kohlrausch's law sums, electrolyte difference/spotting (will help in equilibrium), the cathode and anode of cells (this rarely comes)
Chemical Kinetics : some zero and first order reaction examples (will connect to radioactivity in nuclei chapter), half life formulae, and the 75% and 99% concentration formulae too (these 2 are not there in the tbk but it makes life easier in both phy and chem), all the graphs (should be able to read them even if they are messed around with or changed a bit)
Surface Chemistry : gold number sums, coagulation power and value orders in sols, recognising positive and negative sols, purification methods, electrophoresis definition (you'd be surprised how many times this came), helm holtz double layer theory, tindal's effect (connects a bit to optics, but vaguely), micelles (connects to bot biomolecules and cell unit). This chapter is very theoretical so keep revising stuff you don't get at first glance
Now briefly about Inorganic and Organic Chemistry:
Inorganic : write all the orders and the logics behind it. Some trends are weird so remember them with some trick (keep the tricks to the minimum in inorganic btw, it messes with your brain otherwise). That's as far as I've gotten with inorganic myself, but we can still work on it. If you have any advice regarding this, please do share.
Organic : understand the mechanism behind any reactions. Not just the way it's given in the textbook, but try to connect all organic chapters to each other. Practice a lot of questions, the direct ones as well as the weird ones. Organic does not have any tricks, it just requires practice and that can be done if we understand how each reaction goes about and why we do it.
Hope this helps you with Physical Chemistry and the like🤗 Thank you for approaching me with this so I could think out loud
Have a nice productive day!
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studyinlife · 1 year
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What life looks like rn
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Correct answer below the cut
(a) Osmotic Pressure
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crisis-vision · 1 year
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Experiment K: Measurement of Vapour Pressure by the Knudsen Effusion Method
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queer-ecopunk · 1 year
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Had my last class of undergrad today. Not really sure how to feel.
Only one exam and one essay left, then I'm torally done.
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girl4music · 3 months
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Theres one word to describe WayHaught that is unlike any other WLW ship that I’ve ever seen - “passionate”.
I have never seen such passionate physical AND emotional intimacy in a WLW ship. In fact this is the only WLW ship I’ve seen that even provides both. It’s enrapturing when I watch their intimate scenes. Emily, Dom and Kat really managed to provide significant WLW representation from all angles so that they seem as realistic, natural and authentic as possible even in a supernatural/fantasy world. Not only did they give us both physical and emotional content in full main textual canonship. But they also managed to interweave both the physical and emotional content so seamlessly so that one complements the other to make this ship the greatest ship I’ve ever seen since Xena and Gabrielle. It’s not nauseating to watch their physical intimacy because they have all the narrative foundation that makes all the physical content justified. It’s not difficult to watch their emotional intimacy because their relationship is so deep and intense that you would expect them to be physically intimate. It wouldn’t be appropriate that they’re so ride or die for each other if they weren’t very sexually involved with each other. I mean no one ever said that Xena and Gabrielle weren’t sexually involved as a committed couple (and the fanfiction for them proves it.) It’s just we couldn’t get to see it on-screen the way we can with WayHaught because it wasn’t allowed.
WayHaught are a well-written and balanced WLW ship. Everything they have between them is woven together so seamlessly. I am honestly really impressed with what was achieved with them even though it’s a relatively short show compared to what I’m used to. They may be my favourite WLW ship after Xena and Gabrielle. They’re certainly the closest ship I’ve seen to them - majorly down to the level of chemistry that Dom and Kat have being at the same level of chemistry that Lucy and Renee have. But something I get with Waverly and Nicole that I never got with Xena and Gabrielle is full main textual canonship. I mean it never really bothered me that Xena and Gabrielle weren’t fully main textually canon because I could always interpret them as that for myself. But it was always really frustrating for me that despite Xena and Gabrielle being the greatest WLW representation that I’ve ever seen in TV art/entertainment that they were never fully main textually canon in the eyes of the general public. I mean they were never in the “greatest WLW (or sapphic as some would rather refer to it as) ships of all-time” lists because they were not confirmed as canon. Whereas I would rank them at NO.1 because they were the blueprint and greenlight for all the OG WLW (or sapphic) ships in TV art/entertainment that were. I mean we wouldn’t even have a WayHaught or Tillow or TiBette or Brittana without Xabrielle. All the ships heralded as the OG WLW ships of the 90’s/00’s/10’s. They opened the door wide up for every one of them. Made it possible for those OG WLW ships to have walls broken down. I’m not saying the first should be the greatest. But I mean - if you watch Xena, you really can’t deny that they are because they go so damn hard in really showing what ‘love’ looks like between two women. Or, for me, what ‘love’ looks like in general even if the “making love” parts were censored or edited out of it.
I mean I feel like if I had never seen what Xena and Gabrielle have, I could have never appreciated what Waverly and Nicole have because I wouldn’t “get it”. You know what I mean? I had to see it in Xabrielle first before I could truly see it in WayHaught because I know that the only reason why I prefer emotional content to physical content is because I had it first - and their love, regardless of it being romantic or platonic in nature, is all-encompassing. Xabrielle is the greatest love story that I’ve ever seen in TV art/entertainment to this day even though it is not fully main textually canon like WayHaught is and got to be.
I see so much in WayHaught that I see in Xabrielle. All that was really missing was all the physical intimacy - which just wasn’t and isn’t a key thing for me anyway. But I’m never saying that they didn’t have that too. Just that I never was able to get to see it in the show. But I know with every fiber of my being that they would have been just as passionate as WayHaught.
At this point I think I should print on a t-shirt the phrase “Xena and Gabrielle walked so Waverly and Nicole could fly” because it really is so damn true.
In fact I feel like Xena and Gabrielle existed in TV art/entertainment so every OG WLW ship could. Not just WayHaught. All of them. Every. single. WLW ship that provided proper and significant WLW representation would not be if Xena and Gabrielle had not been first.
Fuck what’s canon and what isn’t. If you see it, you see it. And there’s no way that I cannot see it now. They’re fundamental. They’re the true beginning.
Please watch ‘Xena: Warrior Princess’. I know there isn’t much physically intimate content with them where it is 100% clear that they have a sexual love.
But you would not have physical intimacy like this, where the sexual is very much intended to be visible:
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without physical intimacy like this, where sex was subtextually implied but not made explicitly visible:
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scienceknowledge · 11 months
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Scientists discover that water molecules define the materials around us
Very interesting. I always believed that the chemical composition of molecules and substances make up their character. However, some substances, termed "hydration solids," depend upon the water within them for the external character of that solid to shine through. Another important fundamental contribution from water on the behavior of substances.
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