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#had so much fun doing this tho
thatsrightice · 5 months
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My WiFi cut out just as I sent you an ask, so just in case: could an F-14 put turn an A-4 Skyhawk?
Ignore me if you got the first one, Olie!
Thank you so much, and Happy Holidays if you celebrate!
Let me start out by saying thank you so much for your ask! I had sooooo much fun researching this even if it was frustrating at times. I wish I could have a whole library of aviation-themed references and documents at my disposal! It was a nice break from researching hypoxia in military aviation. Let me preface I'm no expert, but I'd like to think I evaluated it fairly thoroughly :)
Before we get started, there are a couple of things to know.
The turn performance of an aircraft is dependent on two things, the turn rate and turn radius. The turn rate of an aircraft is measured in degrees per second, whereas the turn radius is measured as the diameter of the turn. As speed increases, so will the turn rate and turn speed, until it reaches the “corner speed.”
The “corner” speed is when an aircraft gets its best turn rate, the minimum speed at which the maximum sustainable g-force load can be generated [2]. An F-14 Tomcat will tell you when you’re flying aircraft to the best of its ability; when flying at corner speed, along the edge of the buffet, the jet will shake as if it were “going over a rough road” [5].
In very simple terms, this was when airflow was doing all it could do to make the aircraft perform the maneuver, so if the pilot felt the edge of the buffet then he was getting the maximum turn. If he did not feel it, he wasn’t getting the maximum turn – but there could be a reason for that such as trying to increase speed. And if he pulled harder on the stick he could stall or depart the jet.
The corner speed is a very carefully balanced value, any change to the speed or g-force will decrease the efficiency of the turn and therefore decrease turn performance.
Turning at a speed greater than the corner speed while at the max sustainable load will result in an increased turn rate (bad) and an increased turn radius (bad)
Turning at a speed lower than the corner speed while at the max sustainable load will result in a decreased turn radius (good) and a decreased turn rate (bad).
Turning at a higher load of g’s (aka “pulling” more g’s) while at the corner speed will result in an aerodynamic stall.
Turning at a lower load of g’s (aka “pulling” less g’s) while at the corner speed will result in an increased turn radius. 
A decreased turn performance isn’t necessarily a bad thing, in fact to fly at an aircraft’s corner speed is fairly dangerous as it is just at the edge of a stall by design. In terms of a dogfight, however, flying at the corner speed and therefore optimizing the turn performance is critical. 
There is also such a thing as an “instantaneous turn-rate,” where turns occur above the maximum sustainable g-force load, as high as 12 G’s according to F-14 Tomcat pilot Joe “Hoser” Satrapa [3]. Note that 12 G’s is well above the limit of the F-14 Tomcat, which was designed for 7.5 G but typically limited to 6.5 G in the fleet. In the F-14 Tomcat there was no system that limited the amount of G’s the aircraft would endure. These turns may have very small turn radii but will result in massive amounts of loss in energy, either in speed or altitude, and are therefore unsustainable due to how quickly they can reach the stall speed. 
Paul Nickell, a former TOPGUN instructor with experience flying the F-14 Tomcat, F-5, and A-4 Skyhawk stated bluntly that “the A-4s and F-5s that were being flown by TOPGUN couldn’t match the F-14s ability to turn” [1]. To combat this, they would increase their turn rate to end up in an offensive position but would do so “much slower (lower energy) than the F-14” [1]. Pilots have said that you don’t fly slow against Tomcats because according to this graph below from the flight manual for an F-14A+/B/D (found on a forum), the F-14 will turn tighter in both sustained and instant capacities than most aircraft flying below Mach 0.7. 
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However, the A-4 Skyhawk isn’t most aircraft. John Chesire, a former US Naval Aviator and TOPGUN graduate states that “The reason that the A-4 was used as an adversary training aircraft for TOPGUN and fleet pilots was not because it was a good fighter. It was because its tight turning radius simulated the tight turning MiG series aircraft” [6]. I was unable to find the turn radius of the A-4 Skyhawk despite a lot of searching (and I mean A LOT), but knowing it was designed to simulate the MiG series, I looked for the turn performance of the MiG-17. The MiG-17 was famous for its turn performance, historian Richard P. Hallion writing that “[Its] afterburner-sustained turns in a close-in ‘fur-ball’ could be lethal” [7]. According to some sources, the MiG-17 had a sustained turn rate of 13 degrees per second with a radius of 1800 ft at low altitude at 300 knots. Looking at the graph above, if a Tomcat was pulling 7.5 Gs with a turn rate of 28 degrees per second with a radius of 1000 ft at approximately Mach 0.6. Other sources claim the F-14 Tomcat has turn performance more comparable to that of the MiG-17, with a slightly higher turn rate and speed but a slightly larger turn radius, but it is impressive regardless. The big problem with this is that while the MiG-17 has an afterburner, the A-4 Skyhawk does not.
If we examine other aspects of each aircraft, the A-4 could hold its own but only if it got the F-14 Tomcat to slow down. Even then, it wouldn’t be an easy fight as the Tomcat was the better aircraft overall. It had other advantages, of course, one of which was that it was much smaller than the F-14 Tomcat. In fact, the horizontal stabilizers of the F-14 Tomcat are 33 ft wide, meaning the wingspan of the A-4 Skyhawk at 27’ 6” is smaller than the horizontal stabilizers of the F-14 Tomcat. The F-14 Tomcat, appropriately nicknamed “tennis court”, was the largest and heaviest fighter aircraft to ever fly off of an aircraft carrier. Though the Tomcat was known for its endurance, that endurance does not apply to dogfights. In full afterburner, the F-14 could burn close to 2,000 lbs of fuel per minute having only taken off with 16,000 lbs of fuel to begin with. Comparatively, the A-4, which is actually a subsonic aircraft as it does not have an afterburner, could fly for “more than an hour at full military power” [1]. This means that the F-14 Tomcat had to act fast, be disciplined, and go into dogfights with strategies and plans in mind. “Get in, take its shots, and get out,” Nickell states [1]. 
I know I am biased, however, given what I have heard from all those that have flown her, I do believe in most cases the F-14 Tomcat will outmaneuver most fourth-generation aircraft. 
But despite all of this… 
It’s not the plane, it’s the pilot(s) :)
SOURCES:
[1] Rogoway, Paul Nickell And Tyler. “How to Fight to Win in the F-14, A-4 and F-5 at the Navy’s Topgun School.” The Drive, July 3, 2020. https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/8282/how-to-fight-to-win-in-the-f-14-a-4-and-f-5-at-the-navys-topgun-school. 
[2] “Basic Fighter Maneuvers.” Wikipedia, December 2, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_fighter_maneuvers#Pursuit_curves. 
[3] Parsons, Dave. Grumman F-14 Tomcat: Bye-bye, baby...! St. Paul, MN: Zenith Press, 2006. 
[4] Simmonds , Bertie. “An In-Depth Look at the A-4 Skyhawk.” Key Aero, May 27, 2021. https://www.key.aero/article/depth-look-4-skyhawk. 
[5] Baranek, Dave Bio. “Launching the Phoenix and Dogfighting against the F-15: Q & A with F-14 Tomcat Rio Dave ‘Bio’ Baranek Part 2.” The Aviation Geek Club, March 3, 2021. https://theaviationgeekclub.com/launching-the-phoenix-and-dogfighting-against-the-f-15-q-a-with-f-14-tomcat-rio-dave-bio-baranek-part-2/. 
[6] Leone, Dario. “US Naval Aviator Explains Why Even Though the A-4 Was Agile Enough to Serve as Adversary Aircraft with the US Navy, the Skyhawk Was Not a Great Fighter.” The Aviation Geek Club, December 26, 2022. https://theaviationgeekclub.com/us-naval-aviator-explains-why-even-though-the-a-4-was-agile-enough-to-serve-as-adversary-aircraft-with-the-us-navy-the-skyhawk-was-not-a-great-fighter/.
[7] Magazine, Smithsonian. “Return of the Mig-17.” Smithsonian.com, October 1, 2018. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/air-space-magazine/restoration-mig17-180970367/.
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qiinamii · 8 months
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we'll do fine.
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blackberry-s0da · 3 months
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Mercy waiting for me to give him any sort of story that doesn’t involve him lingering naked in an invisible background
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wasyago · 11 months
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the brainrot won
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wrenderart · 1 year
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Get transgender or get out!!
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frosted-woods · 4 months
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◇ complementary ◇
drew 17 543 leaves and deaded.
a few words if u care: so yeah pre-fall crowley & eden garden aziraphale,, the idea was;; everything that's a part of a character (foreground) on crowley's part is also a part of aziraphale's background, and vice versa;; yes this is a fine mix of 'heh i might just put it there it will look fun' and REALLY INTENSE THOUGHTS. think of it what you may. thx for paying attention to my silly art wishing you all nice warm tea & no public transport delays <;3 xxx
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ekholocationn · 6 months
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im welcoming slay the princess into my never ending gallery of hyperfixations. love this game to pieces <33
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flipsonthemoon · 11 months
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figure i’ll try and get back into posting stuff. assistants!
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luck-of-the-drawings · 2 months
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"And soda; runs off into the street..." "...and soda... is totally okay!"
#jrwi fanart#jrwi show#jrwi suckening#cw blood#something something cracking open a boy w the cold ones#IF THERE ARE ANY MISTAKES I MISSED I SWWWEAR TO JEBEDIAH. IF I STARE AT THIS ANYMORE IM GONNA DIE IT NEEDS TO BE DONE#ALSO RRRAAAHAHHHGHGH CAN I JUST TAKEA SECOND TO SCREEAAMM ABT HOW MUCH I LOVE SODA AND EMIZEL.. LIKE THERYE SO CUTE....#THEY ARE HOMIES THAT KISS EACHOTHR GOODNIGHT. THEY CARE SO MUCH FOR EACHOTHER. SODA LOVES SODA AND SODA LOVES YOU#do u guys remember how willing he was to share blood w his vampire bestie. like cmon. remember when emizel memorized sodas Soda Schedule.#LIKE CMON.... they just have eachothers backs so much. ouhhh my god... ANYWAY SO THE ART HUH. I FEEL LIKE I SCRAMBLED W IT FOR A WHILE#DRAWIN IS HARD..... i think i did well in the end tho.. i like the lil heart beat effects. and i hope i made soda look Suffieciently Scared#i ALSO had fun w the teeth. i however did not have fun w the walls. if i had more drugs i mightve done every brick in more detail#but i didnt WANNA!!!! this will suffice.I HOPE IT FLOWS WELL&THAT ITS CLEAR... IVE STARED AT IT SO LONG IT IS NOW VISUAL SOUP. HELP!!!#i want my comics to have more Pauses and Space and Thought and Momence. i feel like normally they go so fast. but THIS time#i think i did good.... huuoouhhhh.... comics are HARD art is HARD but i am HARDER. or something. OH YEAH I HAVE MORE ART THINGS#soda was RLY HARD FOR ME TO DRAW FOR A MINUTE..but i like where his design is now. i wanted his hair to be curly swirly.like soda fizz#i THINK thats all my thoughts for now. if u have thoughts u should spill them in the tags i looooove reading tttaaggsss#have a goodnight i gotta go to work soon. maybe. unless the casinos power goes out AGAIN. OR SEOMTHING... UUGHHH MY SCHEDULE IS IN SHAMBLES#I THOUGHT I WAS WORKIN 3 DAYS INA ROW SO I RENTED A WHOLE DAMN HOTEL BC THE JOB PLACE IS FAR AWAY.. I HAD TO CANCEL THE WHOLE RESERVATOn#annd im MMMMAD ABOUT IT!!! like ill get over it ofc BUT IM PEEVED!!!! IM INCONVIENIENCED AND GENTLY AGGRIVATED. BUT OVERALL FINE.#hope yalls weekend goes well. sleep well. if u get the chance to.
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suntails · 1 year
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idolatry
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violetscanfly · 4 months
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It's been a while huh? How about a long ass trolls au post? Would that be anything?
Ok but seriously I'm obsessed with them and wrecked my sleep schedule for two nights in a row because I was having so much fun drawing them. I haven't seen any crossovers yet and I have many thoughts about how the mdzs/trolls lore works.
I was thinking about making each clan a different type of troll (the lans would fit classical so well etc but I wasn't really into the cupid aesthetic lmao) but the point of this at the beginning was just to get rid of major art block by drawing cute trolls so I just did whatever :'D
The gist of it is Wei Wuxian is a rock troll adopted into the pop troll society by the jiangs and in his yiling laozu era he fully leans into the rock side of himself that he used to suppress to fit in. I had to make Chenqing into an electric guitar, obviously, (rip wangxian duet) and he uses it to control rock zombies. As usual he gets resurrected by Mo Xuanyu (Did he die by being eaten? Maybe.) and his final form reflects both his love for pop while embracing his rock side as well. Also yes, the Jin trolls are yellow, so.
Since the Lan clan are not really classical trolls I thought they're instead more of the love ballad type of pop, (fits the lans only love once thing too!) so, very sentimental. Which makes Lan Wangji stand out by being cold and seemingly closed off while he's secretly composing love songs for Wei Wuxian. Design-wise I felt the lans would wear more layers and keep their hair tied but I wanted to differentiate the style from Wei Wuxian's ponytail so it's either a half tied up (down? since troll hair goes up??) or a bun. I thought it was funny to give Lan Wangji a huge hairpiece to keep the high hair thing going even when it's tied. Also it kinda marks his age, the taller it is the older he is. Maybe it's a status symbol as well.
I didn't really put too much though into A-Yuan since I just randomly decided to add him cause baby trolls are adorable but basically just Wen colours and the pigtails are homage to manhua A-Yuan whom I love.
Overall I tried to mix design elements from both ips and I really like how they turned out. I think that's all for now. :'D
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paging-possum · 6 months
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LONG OVERDUE SKETCH PAGE OF TUMBLRS ULTIMATE SEXYMAN ‼️‼️🙌🙌💥💥🔥🔥‼️‼️
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sysig · 2 days
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Blood sugar levels (Patreon)
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xxrat--punkxx · 2 years
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obsessed w the resurrection beasts istfg its so gender, based off of @briarwickart’s design
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hulloitsdani · 2 months
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Nothing like motiving myself to practice drawing kisses from reference by making the final results feature my FEH girlies.
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marcmorrigan · 2 months
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finally delivering on the princess tutu headshots i promised... love these dysfunctional teens 🩰💖💕
LOTS of notes about headcanons/design choices under the cut! like. a lot. dont say i didnt warn you
starting with my specialest guy fakir:
i had a suuuper clear vision for fakir, and i couldnt be happier with how he turned out, he looks exactly how i imagine him! trying to translate his Bird-Shaped Hair into my style gave me SERIOUS homestuck flashbacks. my affinity for knights with Problems knows no bounds...
adding the hyperpigmentation around his eyes and his acne scars is what really solidified this for me-- i put those in and was like oh!!! there you are!!! my boy!!! and you can tell because i gave him acne scars + thick eyebrows that he IS my boy... there are very clear trends among my headcanons for my faves lol. big noses, thick eyebrows, skin imperfections, heavy eyebags, long dark hair... and fakir truly has it all 😤 he is so Ideal Character Design to me
i think fakir is actually pretty self-conscious about his appearance tho! we see characters like pike and lilie say hes handsome to ahiru, but i dont know how often he actually hears that? and im sure its hard not to compare himself to mytho, who is straight out of a fairy tale; being a regular teenager dealing with regular teen body stuff is hard enough without your roommate being a magically beautiful eternally youthful storybook hero. i think he probably internalises more that people see him as scary and angry, and that the girls who do have crushes on him always frame it in contrast to mytho, who is Good and Kind and Handsome, implying (or sometimes outright stating!) that fakir is Bad and Mean and... Well...
fakir is very sensitive but quiet about it, so i think its a very private point of self-consciousness. i think he puts a lot of semi-secret effort into his appearance; canonically he has a lot of very funny and clearly customised clothing, and he chooses to keep his hair long and in a very particular style (i have a whole breakdown in my mind of how he achieves that style and it involves a surprising amount of pins and an unsurprising fuckton of teasing. i think his hair is a little fried from heat damage!), and i think that probably extends to other things, too, like manicuring his eyebrows and doing a lot of very Teenage Skincare that doesnt actually help his acne much lol. i think he probably has a lot of self-injurious habits and BFRBs like skin picking and chewing, mostly at his acne and around his nails (both of which he hates, because he knows he shouldnt but does it anyway). i think if he does it enough that theres noticeable evidence it feels, like, world-ending for him, ESPECIALLY if anyone asks what happened lol. do not perceive him except in the very specific ways and contexts he approves of THANKS
on to the narratives favorite princess, mytho:
again, i had a pretty clear idea of the vibe i wanted mytho to have going into this-- i want him to have, like, extreme prince charming vibes, very Classically Handsome without necessarily being 'conventional.' i thought a lot about 'the happy prince' story while i was working on this, and really wanted him to look like a cross between how the prince statue looks in my head and a porcelain doll. and also a cross between jonny brown and brigitte bardot? lots of very direct influences for him lol. so! lots of gold tones, gemmy eye color, cute little tooth gap, quivering wide-eyed thousand-yard-stare doe eyes and big ol dolly anime lashes, which were the very last thing i added because i was NERVOUS about pulling those off lol. they turned out cute tho! ive only done a handful of pieces for this series and i can already tell princess tutu is gonna make me up my lash drawing game considerably, these kids all look like they blink and cause a hurricane from the gale force wind of their falsies
also wait i lied the very last thing i did was add his freckles/beauty marks because he needed that little extra oomph and those were It. i think he probably has some on his hands/wrists too 💕
i was a little unsure if my idea for his hair would translate with this flat-color approach but im pretty happy with it! its supposed to be afrotextured hair (somewhere between 3b and 4c i think? wide range of potential i knowww but im still kind of hammering out my headcanons okay, this is exploratory lol) thats been rolled and finger-styled into his little feather shapes. i think loose, chunky twists would be another fun way to interpret his hair and twists are one of my fave styles to draw do i might draw him like that at some point too...
i guess fakir is the one who styles his hair for him before mytho gets his heart back? i imagine fakir is pretty meticulous about maintaining mythos health and appearance, even at the worst stages of their relationship. i think itd be hard for fakir to frame the way he treats mytho as For Mythos Sake if he wasnt doing some level of actually beneficial care for him, so being really fastidious about things like mythos diet and sleep hygiene and hair care and such gives fakir an outlet for his 'you just have to do what i tell you' thing that helps him convince himself it really is helping, no really, hes doing this for mythos benefit and he just has to be strict with him because mytho doesnt UNDERSTAND he needs PROTECTING and fakir is the ONLY ONE who can do it so mytho HAS to let him because if he doesnt then why does fakir even EXIST, if he cant manage this then what is he good for, and--
yknow. the usual complexes. and their relationship is so complex!!! but also so simple, but like. in a good way. fakirs behavior is complicated but his motivation regarding mytho is SO straightforward which makes that downward spiral into harm really easy to map out... i wont go much into that in this post since this is about visual/appearance-related headcanons but just. augh. i love this show and i love these characters!!! and i hope its apparent in my work that i do love them so <3
im hoping to do a set of these for the girls next!!! i have some other stuff to finish first but hopefully... Soon... Some Birds...
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