Legal English Lecturer and Co-Founder of M2 Legal Services, Monica Migliarotti Teaches New Ways to Learn, Be Curious, Participate and Create
Monica is a legal English lecturer and has worked at various universities around the world. She has been a lawyer for over twenty years. She is currently working on a new book about her unique approach to teaching Legal English and is also the co-founder of M2 Legal Services, a new concept law firm that also offers linguistic and legal technical training services.
She has a background teaching human rights cases both in the UK and Spain and prioritises teaching cases with strong political and historical contexts to encourage her students to look beyond their national borders, see themselves as world citizens and see the bigger picture in everything they learn. We catch up with her and ask her about her legal background, her unique approach to teaching legal English, international law, the future of humanity and human rights and her exciting new book project.
1) Have you always wanted to be a lawyer?
In truth, my desire was to become a performer. Before enrolling in Law School, I was studying dance professionally and my initial intention was to continue along that path. My other choice was to choose languages, another one of my interests. My father is a lawyer, so eventually he persuaded me that Law school was the best choice. After graduating, I then decided to pursue a career as a lawyer. So summing up, no I haven’t always wanted to be a lawyer. Let’s say I found a compromise between my creative/artistic side and the more “serious” one: I managed to nurture my passion for the arts while practicing as a lawyer since I studied acting in parallel and joined a theatre company in the end. So, I was practicing as a lawyer during the day and performing on stage at night. After, since I had been practicing yoga for many years I studied to become a yoga instructor. Therefore, I replaced the theatre with yoga classes and maintained my double life. I still teach yoga now, but at the moment I have taken up singing and I am really glad I did.
2) How important is it do you think to have a legal background to teach legal English?
I think it is in fact a plus. In my experience, I have come across several teachers, and to my surprise, none of them were legal practitioners. Let me put it this way: most of the materials and cases I use in my classes are real cases I have worked on in my twenty years as a lawyer. That has proved to be much more effective than using some random article or some remote case from old Law Reviews. Of course, landmark cases and statutes are regularly used in the classes. Now, my perplexity has always been the fact that, to explain these concepts (whether about somebody’s practice or not), somebody without a legal background would certainly have to struggle. Is it then necessary to be a lawyer to teach Legal English? Maybe not, but it would most definitely be preferable. In any case, it is essential to have a solid legal background and I would add: a solid background in both civil and common legal systems.
3) What is the ordinary way to teach Legal English and what is the approach to teaching it in Europe compared to the US?
Most of the Legal English books used by teachers are written by English or American authors or in any case somebody coming from an English-speaking country where the legal system is based on Common Law. Those types of works then, refer to concepts and terms typical of that system. There are indeed references to corresponding Civil Law concepts when available, which tend to be, as said brief and concise. Now, one of the main problems I have encountered in my own experience is precisely teaching Legal English to civil lawyers (including myself in the learning process) and explaining Civil law concepts to Common Law practitioners using Legal English. Some would say that this is quite an insuperable problem since Legal English is based on common law. But is it? I noticed that most of the time civil lawyers are mainly interested in explaining to their common counterparts what the Civil law system is really about and what they should be aware of when, for example, having clients planning to invest in their country. Can they do that after taking a Legal English course of the ones available now? Not so much in my opinion. In my experience, there isn’t a text where various areas of the law are analysed and compared from both perspectives fulfilling what the needs of the civil lawyers are. After all, common lawyers don’t need to do that since they already study Legal English when they study at U. K, U.S or Australian Universities for example.
4) What ethical issues do you include in your teaching and how do you teach ethical aspects of controversial issues to your students?
Ethics are a very important part of the things I teach.
“I like to awaken young and older students’ consciences and make them face ethical issues.”
(photographer: Alexander Grey)
I believe that an important part of studying law is to learn what rights we all have and how to protect them in every field. I don’t think that learning law provisions by heart or seeing this profession as a way to become wealthy and powerful is more valuable than becoming passionate about protecting and advocating people’s rights. Therefore, if one, as a lawyer, does not have it in his/herself this lack of passion will eventually show. The law can be very dry and quite dull, to be honest. It’s mainly in the aspect of protecting people’s rights that it becomes challenging and interesting.
“It is sadly true though, that areas like Criminal law, Human Rights, Public International law, etc, are less remunerative than Company law, Contracts, M&A, Banking and Finance but that is the way the world goes. It makes me think about the Arts too. How badly remunerated are they? Very. In particular when you compare them to other professions. It is indeed funny how the most interesting things are the most neglected ones.”
Going back to my teaching, I usually choose topics related to historical happenings but not only. I’ll give you an example of the topics I dealt with in my last course. As for Masters students I had them deal with ethical issues concerning the treatment of IRA prisoners during “The Troubles”. For the bachelors their first exam was a presentation chosen amongst: 1) Looted art by the Nazis during World War II, 2) Human rights violations related to waiting time for convicted felons on death row, 3) The theory of the innocent bystander. Witnessing bullying, abuse and violence without doing anything. We are indeed bystanders in that case, but are we innocent?
So, as you can see there is a lot of ethics involved.
5) What do you think about the lack of international law present in this humanitarian issue in Gaza right now? Isn’t international law the solution to achieving peace on all sides? Doesn’t the conflict in the Middle East prove yet again that people’s rights correspond to their power and wealth? What is the future for humanity and human rights?
(photographer: Lübna Abdullah)
This is a very interesting yet painful topic. The Israeli-Palestinian situation is an old thorn in the side. At this time, the problem of violation of Human rights has gone beyond all expectations. You would think that all or most countries would get involved to solve this problem but just like the Russian-Ukrainian conflict where diplomacy and action by most States in the world have lacked, we are witnessing a very tepid international reaction to what is happening.
“Power and wealth indeed correspond to people’s rights and people who have less in that respect, are considered to have fewer rights even if not openly. We are now witnessing a situation where human rights violations happen daily in many areas of the world.”
(photographer - Mati Mango)
However, the current pressure and hardship of everyday life have made us turn a blind eye to most of them. The only possible future is to awaken consciences to what is really important, to stimulate people to know, to get interested and passionate, to open their minds. Most minds are too closed on the world right now and open only to volatile and superficial values (if we can even call them that). I am an optimist by nature although I cannot help but be realistic and honestly, the situation does not look good at all.
“However, I think that we can still believe, we can still change but we need to take action even in our small sphere, and we need to step up and do something otherwise we will be the makers of our own destruction.”
6) Congratulations on your new book publishing contract with Cambridge Scholars Publishing. What inspired you to write this book about your different approach to teaching Legal English?
Well, I have been doing this for a long time now and I have seen that in this field there is very little innovation. The methods are very standardized and have been so, for as long as I can think. The approach to this topic has always been very schematic and based on the same texts all along. As I mentioned before, everything connected to the study and teaching of legal subjects is by definition very hard and quite dry (not to mention extreme dullness at times). I have experimented with a new way to learn legal subjects throughout most of my studies in the past and I have decided to put it into practice. We have now a lot of different resources to learn Legal subjects: half of the series on the market deal with legal situations, lawyers, courts, etc, there is a lot in the literature that we can use for these topics and an incredible amount of movies whose plot deals with legal concepts and believe it or not songs’ lyrics (fewer materials there but still there are quite a few examples). That’s what my book is going to be based on. It’s still Legal English but with another approach to legal concepts and terminology.
7) How do you inspire your students and bring to life legal concepts and legal terms in your teaching methods?
I always encourage my students to reflect and reason on legal concepts. There is no point in knowing legal definitions and legal terms if we don’t know what they mean in practice. I prefer to explain with situations and examples. And again, I use the resources above. I show them videos, film clips, literature excerpts, etc. I encourage them to put everything into practice.
8) How important are creativity and innovation in teaching at the moment?
They are both essential.
“The old method is still valid to some extent but without creativity and innovation the new generations in particular are less inclined to learn.”
Again, these resources and encouraging participation, group and individual activities in the classroom is a much more effective and productive method. Seeing is believing. I have used the old method with students who asked me to use it, books, exercises, listening practice, etc, especially lawyers and consultants and I can assure you that that has turned out to be less effective than the innovative and creative method.
Creativity and innovation are, in Monica’s opinion, a very good choice and what we need at the moment. It is indeed important to have firm beliefs and methods, but at the same time change is necessary in every field and creativity brings that change even in the most traditional and "stiff" areas.
In celebration of the launch of Monica’s new book ‘The Ultimate Legal English Manual: A Different Approach,’ she will be running a pre-book launch webinar to give a sneak peek into the book. Anyone interested will have to register and they’ll be a recording of the live version. Watch this space.
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/monica-migliarotti-461b721a/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/m2englishlaw/
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@M2englishlaw
Website: https://www.M2legalservices.com
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Terminal boredom
New item:
"Born from the obsessive and highly idiosyncratic mind of a cult figure of the Japanese underground, these stories borrow themes and subjects familiar to readers of Philip K. Dick and fuses them with a conflicted, tortured, and intense imagination"--Publisher's description.
Shelf: 913.6 SUZ
Terminal boredom : stories.
by Izumi Suzuki ; translated by Polly Barton, Sam Bett, David Boyd, Daniel Joseph, Aiko Masubuchi, and Helen O'Horan.
London ; New York : Verso, 2021.
ISBN: 9781788739887 (paperback)
218 pages : colour illustrations ; 20 cm.
Translated into English from the Japanese.
Table of contents:
Women and women / translated by Daniel Joseph.
You may dream / translated by David Boyd.
Night picnic / translated by Sam Bett.
That old seaside club / translated by Helen O'Horan.
Smoke gets in your eyes / translated by Akiko Masubuchi.
Forgotten / translated by Polly Barton.
Terminal boredom / translated by Daniel Joseph.
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