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yourbrainonbraindrugs · 1 year

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The Bipolar Brain: An Introduction

Key Terms Bipolar: Previously called 'manic-depression' due to the nature of the mania being rooted in depression, this mood disorder is characterized by periods of mood shifts between a manic and depressed state. Depression: A period of rest after deeply distressing events Dopamine: A brain chemical meant to encourage pleasure, satisfaction, and motivation. Grey matter: Also known as the cortex of the brain, this is the outer layer of the brain allows a person to have control over movement, memory, and emotions by sending signals between the different parts of the brain. Hippocampus: The part of the brain where memories are "stored" to later be relayed to other parts of the brain, consciously or not. It is one of the deepest parts of the brain structure, making signals difficult to send or receive. *Hypomania: A form of mania that is less severe or impactful than true mania. Limbic system: Processes emotions and behaviors to help other parts of the brain understand survival necessities. *Mania: A false sense of euphoria, triggered by stress Prefrontal Cortex: The part of the brain at the front center, which controls decision making, emotional management, and impulse control. Type 1 Bipolar: Characterized by mania that is more intense and/or frequent than depression. Type 2 Bipolar: Characterized by depression that is more intense and/or frequent than hypomania; type 2 bipolar people do not experience "true mania".

*For the sake of this post, "mania" will refer to both hypomania and true mania. When the information only applies to true mania, it will be called "true mania".

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Part One: Introduction

We will be exploring the development, behavior, and remission of bipolar brains, using information learned from neuroscience, psychology, and lived experiences of bipolar people. The purpose of this is to inform those with Bipolar how to understand their own brain and take control of the disorder. This post is written by someone diagnosed with Bipolar 2, receiving treatment in the form of medication and talk therapy.

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Part Two: Development

This mood disorder usually develops in childhood, but can develop at any point in a person's life. It is caused by trauma, as a response to stress. Most bipolar people also have family with the disorder, implying it is genetically predisposed.

In childhood, this disorder can begin to show symptoms as early as early adolescence. Children as young as 5 have been diagnosed with early onset bipolar disorder.

After traumatic events, such as abuse, neglect, or loss, the brain is forced to find a way to cope and manage complex stress. Trauma can range from mild to severe, and still trigger the onset of bipolar disorder.

During depression, the brain "mines" for dopamine, and during mania, the brain utilizes the dopamine. Over time, without treatment, the bipolar brain will struggle to maintain an effective dopamine-mining system, and these changes will even destroy grey matter in the brain, namely in the prefrontal cortex. This change in the brain makes it more difficult for the prefrontal cortex to communicate with the limbic system, causing less control over emotions and impulses, therefore causing more reckless decisions to be made.

Due to the nature of the relationship between the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system, these two parts of the brain need strong communication. With limited grey matter, signals are weakened, or missed completely.

The hippocampus is a major part of the limbic system, and without a proper connection to send signals between the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex, it only becomes more difficult to recall past experiences or learned skills.

The longer a bipolar person goes without treatment, the worse their stress, and the worse they respond to stress. This disorder is degenerative, and those with Type 1 Bipolar show the most loss of grey matter.

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Part Three: Behavior

Like a pendulum, bipolar brains swing between manic and depressive sensations and behaviors. Here are some characteristics of mood swings:

When depressed, the bipolar person attempts to "fill the void", also known as "dopamine mining". This behavior accumulates dopamine over time but does not release it. This can look like sleeping a lot, escaping into a piece of media, or fixating on an accessible hobby.

During manic swings, the bipolar person uses the dopamine accumulated during depression to compensate for the time lost and labor neglected during depression. This may look like addressing the issue directly in hyper-fixation, or avoiding the issue altogether to indulge in self-pleasure.

Episodes are different than swings. Episodes can be placed on a specific timeframe, sometimes down to the hour. Behaviors are impulsive, emotions are overwhelming, and the decisions made during episodes reflect this heavily. Below are some characteristics of a Bipolar episode, based on type of episode.

In depressive episodes, the bipolar person will display their usual depressive behaviors at a more intense, more frequent rate, and will quickly begin taking on self-destructive behaviors in an effort to punish the self for failing to meet manic expectations. Essentially, the body has gotten used to using depression to recover, and if results are not met, the body "doubles down" as a means to "force" results, in an effort to trigger mania.

Manic episodes are intense highs, often causing changes to the bipolar person's life that normally wouldn't be considered, let alone acted on. There is a false sense of euphoria that controls the impulses and emotions of the bipolar person, causing a disconnect from reality that can lead to delusions and the development of compulsive thoughts or behaviors that enable more poor stress management skills, such as overspending or reckless sexual activity.

Mixed episodes can sometimes be the introduction or ending to a manic or depressive episode, but can also happen alone. The depression attempts to self-destruct while the mania's euphoria makes those behaviors seem euphoric and desirable. These episodes are often painful and typically short-lived compared to the other two, but not necessarily so.

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Part Four: Remission

There is a number of ways to treat bipolar brains, though medications and talk therapy, namely CBT and DBT, are the most commonly recommended. Some bipolar brains are medication resistant, so diligent habit seeking and a strong relationship with a therapist may be the best help. Below is an incomplete list of potential treatments, and why they work.

Medication can alter the chemical changes in the brain which trigger swings and episodes. Medication will not heal the brain, it will only control it while properly using the artificial chemicals. Medication plans must be specified to the patient, so trial and error is a necessary process for disordered medicated brains.

Talk therapy flexes the grey matter, and the grey matter may even be recovered in these thought exercises and memory training sessions. These changes are more likely to have a lasting impact, so long as the new habits and beliefs remain.

Diligent habit seeking, centered around self-care and growth, will help a bipolar brain take control of how they treat their stress. While swings may be unavoidable, building a set of healthy habits can alter the way these swings are 'engaged with', meaning behaviors can change. This can be a difficult form of treatment for bipolar people, as the disorder does not consistently provide motivation for habit changes. With a healthy outlook on relapses, this issue is resolved, and habit-seeking can continue even with relapses present.

Healthy coping mechanisms to replace mania are great ways to prevent manic episodes and swings, which will in turn prevent the 'need' for a depressive swing (to recover from manic burnout). These coping mechanisms can look different for each person, but no matter what, these mechanisms must be focused on growth - not escapism, passivity, or indulgence, which are manic behaviors that have been individualized.

Remission looks different for everyone, but no matter what, bipolar is a lifelong disorder. This means that even after years of successful treatment, with no swings or episodes, this disorder is almost guaranteed to make a comeback during high stress situations like abuse or loss. Anyone who has been diagnosed with bipolar should expect to keep their coping mechanisms going for life, and adjusting the mechanisms according to the needs of the changes in their life. There are a few things remission can grant a person, such as:

The ability to work on projects and tasks irregardless of current mood

Motivation to socialize even when the body seeks isolation, making relationships stronger and more consistent

A lack of shame for the disorder or what it has put you through, making stress management less about the desired results and more about the desired process

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Part Five: Conclusions

There is no known cure for bipolar disorder, but those with bipolar can take control of their circumstances in small but life changing ways. The bipolar brain is simply trying to thrive even in stressful circumstances, and has only learned one biochemical pattern to do so. Treatment is all about re-training the brain's response to stress. Those who have bipolar must stop identifying with their bipolar to effectively treat it, meaning they cannot embrace their mania as 'the best version of themselves' nor the other way around with their depression. These are not personality traits, because this is not a personality disorder; these are conditions the brain is currently in.

People with bipolar disorder are not to be ashamed of themselves for what they've done to cope during depressive swings or episodes. Shame is often what maintains the cycle, as this is a major driving force of impulsive behavior. The guilt, shame, and self-loathing of a bipolar person will hold them back from developing better ways to manage stress. With an effective, individualized treatment plan, bipolar people can find themselves in remission, but should expect and accept relapse if a major stress is to occur. This is not because the treatment isn't working anymore, but because this is how the brain has developed to respond to stress, and until we find a cure, bipolar brains are to be respected as brains attempting to thrive in unforeseen circumstances - a worthy pursuit that any self-loving person would take on.

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Additional notes:

Comorbidity with other mental conditions can cause symptoms to be more intense or more frequent. This includes conditions like PTSD, personality disorders or autism.

Many bipolar people seem to believe that their mania "helps them" - with things like getting projects and tasks done, or socializing. This is false. Mania is what uses the energy accumulated during depression to delude the bipolar person into thinking that the only way for them to get these things done is to indulge in manic behavior. Essentially, the bipolar person is the one helping themselves get their projects and tasks done, and mania is "taking the credit".

If you have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, you have a strong will to thrive. Trust in this, and rely on that fact to help you change your habits so that your stress management system can adjust to a more stable, secure structure.

You must read the sources for a detailed look at the different topics and ideas shared here. This post is that of my own conclusions, based off of the information in these links plus my own experiences with Bipolar Type 2. I am not a professional, and this post should not be taken as mental health advice, but rather, an exploration from an unprofessional point of view. If you need mental health advice, seek therapy or psychiatric care, and take this information to them to see how it may apply to your life.

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Sources: Bipolar experiences Dopamine & Bipolar Relationship Grey matter information Hippocampus information Limbic System information Mania & Hypomania Mixed episodes Prefrontal Cortex Walkthrough

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girlblogging9 · 2 years

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I hate ignorant people opining about mental illness,they never studied anything about it, they don't read about psychology or neurosciences and their ignorance leads to prejudice and hasty judgment,it's easier to criticize than spend hours studying science. Abuse affects the entire brain structure causing numerous abnormalities, many of them irreparable,in addition to changes in the limbic system.

Trauma affects the hippocampus of the brain which is responsible for memory,so the trauma atrophies your hippocampus causing serious damage to your memory and cognitive problems,the prefrontal cortex is also affected making it difficult to think rationally. Depending on the severity of the abuse this can ruin your life in all aspects, mainly sexual abuse. Your brain will never be the same, its entire chemical structure is now modified, especially those who use psychiatric medications.

I have already followed cases of people who suffered serious types of abuse and ended up in psychiatric hospitals,such as one of the cases I studied where a young woman was raped by her father and ended her life in a psychiatric hospital.

Ignorant people who have never studied the neuroscience of trauma seeing a crisis in a person suffering from a mental problem will not understand,in fact they will make the situation worse with criticism and judgment. A trauma for example can lead to a nervous breakdown,consequently affecting all your physical health and an "explosion" and a specific trigger can trigger such a crisis. Triggers are one of those responsible for crises.

For the abuser who abused all the damage he caused in the victim's life is irrelevant to him,but for the victim it is not irrelevant because everything in her life is now different and she didn't ask to be like this or stay like this, in fact she tries to everyday to be the best she can within her means,she tries to resurrect what they killed and won't always be successful about it. Yes,abuse can kill it will affect your life,your body,your mind, your brain.

#feelings #words #writers on tumblr #actuallyabused #trauma vent #actuallytraumatized #intrusive thoughts #deserialization #traumacore #trauma #physical abuse #abuse survivor #mental abuse #abuse tw #tw depressing thoughts

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rmblogs23 · 1 year

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Human Brain

The human brain is one of the most complex and fascinating organs in the human body. It is responsible for controlling everything we do, from our thoughts and emotions to our movements and bodily functions. In this article, we will explore the human brain, its functions, and how it works.

The Anatomy of the Brain

The human brain is located in the skull and is protected by the skull and layers of tissue called the meninges. It weighs around 3 pounds and is divided into several parts, including the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for controlling our thoughts, emotions, and movements. It is divided into two hemispheres, the left and right, which are connected by a bundle of fibers called the corpus callosum.

The cerebellum is located at the back of the brain and is responsible for coordinating our movements and balance.

The brainstem is located at the base of the brain and is responsible for controlling our vital functions, such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

How the Brain Works

The human brain is a complex network of neurons, which are specialized cells that transmit information throughout the brain and body. Neurons communicate with each other using electrical and chemical signals, which allow us to think, feel, and move.

When we experience something, such as seeing a red apple, our sensory neurons send signals to our brain, which processes the information and produces a response. This response can be anything from recognizing the apple to feeling hungry and wanting to eat it.

The brain is also responsible for controlling our movements. When we decide to move our arm, for example, our motor neurons send signals to our muscles, causing them to contract and move our arm.

The brain is also responsible for regulating our emotions and behavior. The limbic system, which is located in the center of the brain, is responsible for processing emotions and memory. It includes structures such as the amygdala, which is responsible for processing emotions such as fear and anger, and the hippocampus, which is responsible for forming and storing memories.

The Role of Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are released by neurons and are responsible for transmitting signals between neurons. There are many different neurotransmitters in the brain, and each one has a different function.

One of the most well-known neurotransmitters is dopamine, which is responsible for regulating feelings of pleasure and reward. It is released when we experience something pleasurable, such as eating a delicious meal or receiving a compliment.

Another important neurotransmitter is serotonin, which is responsible for regulating mood and emotions. Low levels of serotonin have been linked to depression and anxiety.

Other neurotransmitters include acetylcholine, which is responsible for regulating memory and attention, and norepinephrine, which is responsible for regulating arousal and attention.

Brain Plasticity

The human brain has an incredible ability to change and adapt, a phenomenon known as brain plasticity. This means that the brain can reorganize itself in response to new experiences or changes in the environment.

For example, if someone loses their sight, their brain may reorganize itself to compensate for the loss of vision by enhancing other senses, such as hearing and touch.

Brain plasticity is also important for learning and memory. When we learn something new, such as a new language or a new skill, our brain creates new neural connections and strengthens existing ones. This allows us to remember and recall information more easily in the future.

Brain Disorders

Unfortunately, the brain is also vulnerable to a range of disorders and diseases that can affect its functioning. Some common brain disorders include:

Alzheimer's disease - a progressive brain disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behavior.

Parkinson's disease - a degenerative disorder that affects

#brain #body #human #blood #data #brainless #human brain #money #drugs

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inspiration-3000 · 10 months

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The Mysteries of Motivation: Deep Dive into the Brain's Role

Our ideas, feelings, and, most crucially, our motivations all originate in the human brain, a natural miracle. But what is it in the human brain that causes us to take action, strive, and succeed? This article explores the exciting issue of Motivation by delving into the intricate neurological systems that support it. We'll learn about the brain regions that play a part in Motivation, the chemicals that play a part in that process, and the effects that neurological illnesses may have on our drive. We'll also discuss where this field of Study is going and how we can tap into the brain's latent motivational powers.

Which Part of Your Brain is Involved in Your Motivation?

Which Part Of Your Brain Is Involved In Your Motivation? The Limbic System, the Source of All Drive The limbic system, or "emotional brain," is fundamental regarding our drive and Motivation. The hippocampus and the amygdala are the only parts of this intricate network that govern our reward and punishment systems. The limbic system is pivotal in memory formation and regulates our emotional lives. The emotional component of memory causes us to anticipate or fear certain occurrences in the future. The Function of the Basal Forebrain in Memory and Learning The basal forebrain is engaged in learning and memory and is a crucial component of Motivation. It aids in shaping future behavior by associating it with positive or negative outcomes. This brain region is also essential for maintaining focus, regulating wakefulness, and falling asleep. It's vital for sensory perception and free-willed movement because it supplies the cerebral cortex with acetylcholine.

How Neurotransmitters Like Dopamine Drive Behavior

Dopamine, the Heroin of the Reward System Dopamine is a neurotransmitter often known as the "feel-good chemical of the brain." When we experience pleasure, our brains produce dopamine, which reinforces and motivates us to pursue similar experiences in the future. Dopamine regulates the secretion of other hormones and is also involved in motor control. Regarding the motivational aspect of reward-motivated behavior, these dopamine pathways are crucial. The Nucleus Accumbens and the Ventral Tegmental Area Work Together to Process Rewards The nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area (VTA) are inseparable when processing rewards and inspiring action. The anticipation of a reward triggers the release of dopamine in these regions. The nucleus accumbens, among other brain regions, receives dopamine from the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which ultimately causes a sensation of reward or pleasure. This drives us to keep doing things that are rewarding in the first place. Dopamine's Effects on Mood and Reinforcement Learning Dopamine is also crucial in the formation of emotional responses and long-term memory. It reinforces existing synapses by reinforcing positive connections in the hippocampus (the brain's learning and memory hub). This step is essential for reward learning to take place, in which we learn to repeat actions that resulted in satisfying results in the past.

Which region of the brain is responsible for our desires and emotions?

Physiology of the Amygdala The Brain's Emotional Control Center Emotional processing relies heavily on the amygdala, a little almond-shaped structure in the brain. It influences our motives and emotions and plays a pivotal role in the fear and pleasure responses. The amygdala also helps choose which memories to keep and where in the brain to keep them. This metric considers the intensity of the felt impact of an inevitable occurrence. For example, if a person goes through an emotionally taxing experience, the amygdala directs them to file away their thoughts and feelings about that time. The Motivating Power of the Prefrontal Cortex The frontal lobe of the brain, known as the prefrontal cortex, is responsible for executive functions such as planning, decision-making, and social conduct. It's essential to our Motivation since it aids in weighing potential gains against costs and deciding how best to proceed. The prefrontal cortex also controls executive tasks, including time management, focus switching, detail recall, self-control, and incorporating previous experiences into current actions. One of the Brain's Most Important Reward and Motivation Centers Another important brain region involved in Motivation is the striatum in the basal ganglia. It's active when we're feeling driven to do something since it plays a role in the brain's reward processing system. In addition to its function in motor and movement planning, the striatum is also involved in decision-making, Motivation, reinforcement, and the perception of rewards.

Where Do You Find Your Drive? Frontal Lobe?

Motivation and Self-Control Rely on the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex. The frontal lobe's lateral prefrontal cortex has a role in self-control. A key component of Motivation, willpower allows us to rein in urges and make choices that support our long-term objectives. Working memory, cognitive flexibility, planning, inhibition, and abstract thinking depend on activity in this part of the brain. Implications of Frontal Lobe Development on Risk-Taking and Social Acceptance During this time, a lot of development occurs in the brain's frontal lobe. Teenagers are often highly driven by peer approval and may participate in dangerous activities to get it, which might impact Motivation throughout this development stage. The frontal lobe is also responsible for movement, problem-solving, spontaneity, memory, language, beginning new tasks, judging, resisting temptation, and engaging in social and sexual conduct.

Imbalances in the Brain's Reward System and Psychiatric Illness

Brain's Reward System The Lateral Habenula Is an Important Part of the Brain's Reward System The small brain region known as the lateral habenula is pivotal in the brain's reward system. Dysfunction in this region has been associated with mental diseases characterized by excessive aggressiveness, which is thought to encode punishment by suppressing dopamine release. The lateral habenula is engaged in more than only pain processing; it also plays a role in reproduction, eating, sleeping, stress management, and immune function. Damage to the Brain's Reward System as a Cause of Aggression Misdirected activation of the brain's reward system in response to aggressive social cues is one possible cause of aggression. When stimulated, some parts of the amygdala may cause anger and aggressiveness, while other portions, when removed, can make laboratory animals more submissive. This points to the amygdala as a critical player in aggressive and violent behavior.

New Frontiers and Unanswered Questions in the Study of Motivation

Basal forebrain involvement in Motivation: a promising area for Study The basal forebrain is a potential topic for future Study because of its role in learning and memory. Studying this factor's influence on Motivation might light up fundamental questions about cognition and behavior. The basal forebrain plays a role in sleep, waking, attention, and different states of consciousness. A Look into the Future of Brain Stimulation and Its Effect on Motivation The potential of brain stimulation methods like transcranial magnetic stimulation to increase Motivation is being investigated. Preliminary studies indicate that activating specific brain regions might boost Motivation and performance. A lack of Motivation typically characterizes depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Therefore, this might lead to novel therapies for both disorders.

Using Your Brain to Its Full Potential Through Inspiration

Using Your Brain To Its Full Potential Through Inspiration Cognitive Improvement: Fueling Your Brain with Inspiration Increase your brain's Motivation by engaging in cognitive improvement practices like brain training activities and mindfulness meditation. Motivated individuals may benefit from these methods because they enhance the brain circuits responsible for Motivation. For instance, brain training activities help you improve your memory and problem-solving abilities, simplifying planning and accomplishing your objectives. In contrast, mindfulness meditation can help you focus on your goals by lowering stress and worry. Motivation Improvement Through Mental Exercise

Motivation Improvement Through Mental Exercise Puzzles, memory games, and other forms of mental exercise have been shown to boost Motivation and cognitive performance. These mental workouts help strengthen brain areas responsible for processing Motivation and reward. Doing these things will improve your brain's Motivation and help you reach your objectives.

An Intricate Tango Between the Brain and Motivation

Summary: The Brain's Hidden Role in Optimal Motivation

The brain's part in Motivation involves complex structures, chemicals, and neuronal connections. Each region of the brain, from the primitive brain to the more evolved prefrontal cortex, is essential in determining our choices and actions. Learning about these processes may help you get insight into your motivations and use your brain more effectively to accomplish your objectives.

Exploring the Path Forward in Our Knowledge of What Drives People

We set out on a path of research and invention as we strive to decipher the secrets of the brain and Motivation. Discoveries, enhanced therapies, and a better knowledge of the human brain are all in store for motivational research in the years to come. The Study of Motivation is an academic exercise and a personal search for insight. Read the full article

#BasalForebrain #Brain #CognitiveScience #Dopamine #EmotionalBrain #LearningandMemory #LimbicSystem #Motivation #Neuroscience #PrefrontalCortex #Psychology #RewardSystem #whichpartofyourbrainisinvolvedinyourmotivation?

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leebird-simmer · 2 years

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Drugs & Behavior Week 1

Intro

drugs: chemical compounds administered to produce a desired change in the body.

pharmacology:

(a) study of drug action on the body AKA pharmacodynamics

(b) study of the fate of drugs in the body AKA pharmacokinetics

psychoactive drugs: affect behavior by altering the functions of the nervous system.

psychopharmacology: study of how drugs affect the nervous system and behavior.

What You Will Need to Know for the Exam

Difference between the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), components of each system

Difference between somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Difference between sensory and motor function, definitions of each

Definition of plasticity

Explain the three different cuts to view brain structures: horizontal, sagittal, coronal

Three brain divisions based on surface features: cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem

Three brain divisions based on brain development: forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

Components of forebrain:

A. End brain

1. Cortex

2. Corpus callosum

3. Limbic system

4. Basal ganglia

5. Olfactory bulb

B. Between brain

1. Thalamus

2. Hypothalamus

Components of midbrain:

A. Tectum

B. Tegmentum

Components of hindbrain:

A. Pons

B. Cerebellum

C. Medulla

Divisions of the cortex:

1. Frontal lobe

2. Temporal lobe

3. Parietal lobe

4. Occipital lobe

Difference between sulci and gyri (i.e. which is a bump and which is a groove?)

Three areas of cortex:

1. primary motor cortex

2. primary sensory cortex

3. association cortex

Which brain structure can be severed as a last-resort treatment for severe epilepsy?

Structures of the limbic system:

1. Amygdala

2. Hippocampus

3. Cingulate cortex

Structures of basal ganglia:

1. Striatum

2. Globus pallidus

3. Nucleus accumbens

Difference between thalamus and hypothalamus, including locations and their major functions

What is the function of the pineal gland?

Structures of midbrain:

1. Substantia nigra

2. Ventral tegmental area (VTA)

3. Periaqueductal gray (PAG)

What happens when there is cerebellar dysfunction? Is there complete paralysis?

What is the medulla’s role in respiration?

What drugs suppress respiratory control?

How does the medulla act as a vomiting center?

Definition of a ventricle; know the four ventricle locations

Why is CSF so important?

What causes hydrocephalus?

Difference between cranial and spinal nerves

How many segments does the spinal cord consist of?

Major functions of the spinal cord

How is either the gray or white matter organized in the spinal cord?

What are the functions of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

Difference between the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divisions of ANS:

(A) Which is rest & digest vs. fight or flight?

(B) Know general body controls with each division (i.e. heart rate, digestion, etc.)

What do neurotransmitters are released by the ANS?

#drugs and behavior #neuroscience #study blog #my notes

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idigitizellp21 · 1 year

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PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF NEAR DEATH EXPERIENCE

In the recent decade altered states of consciousness has developed as an interesting area of research. Altered states of consciousness is change observed in an individual’s mental state that occurs due to head injury, accident, meditation, drugs and trauma. Near-death experience is one of the intriguing altered states of consciousness. They are a type of psychic experience usually taking place during life threatening situations. Although the experience of NDE is triggered during a heart attack or verge of drowning, it has been regarded as a pleasant experience which is both peaceful as well as pain free. According to research by Bruce Greyson the near-death experience largely is influenced by an individual’s cultural and religious experiences.

There are several common traits or elements of near-death experience that include:

The tunnel experience consists of a feeling of moving towards the light or entering the darkness through some passageway.

Perceiving deceased loved ones and a possibility to reunite with them.

A sense of acceptance, unconditional love and euphoric environment.

The awareness or feeling of being dead.

A perception of one’s body outside one’s being. This is referred to as out of body experience.

Ability to observe one’s life review which highlights the total or important moments of their past.

There are different stages of near-death experiences laid out by different researchers. Some of the classifications are as follows:

The developmental stages of near -death experience was given by Noyes in 1972 which included:

Resistance which is terminated by surrender and entering into tranquility.

Review which includes out of body experience as well as panoramic memory experiences.

Transcendence which involves a non-temporal dimension of existence.

Saborn (1982), classified near-death experience into three stages:

Autoscopic experience which includes visualizing oneself from a separate position.

Transcendental experience which includes entering into a realm or spiritual dimension.

Combined experience which has a combination of features of above two stages.

Psychological explanation of Near-death experience emphasizes the ‘expectation hypothesis’. This phenomenon attempts to explain the entire experience to be based on certain expectations of individuals regarding after-life. This is the sole reason people experience life review and possibility to reunite with deceased loved ones. Other psychological factors include depersonalization where there is an extreme form of detachment experienced along with a sense of unreality. This usually occurs due to intense stressful situations. Dissociation is considered as another significant factor which is a type of defence mechanism adopted as a method to deal with threatening life circumstances. It majorly involves a disruption of identity, memory and consciousness. Another common explanation revolves around the concept of false memories. This occurs as a result of confusion where the mind tries to fill up the gap after a period of unconsciousness. False memories are created unintentionally by the brain and self to provide an explanation and make sense of the event experienced.

Neurobiological hypotheses on the other hand highlight the imbalance of brain chemicals which plays a role in producing experiences related to near-death. Some authors have suggested that altered blood gas levels produce hallucinations related to tunnel vision and bright lights (Blackmore, 1996). An abnormal electrical activity which includes interference in Rapid-Eye Movement and epilepsy in the limbic system and temporal lobes have been said to explain memory flashback (Nelson et al.,2006). Another physiological explanation is influence of drugs like hallucinogens which causes imbalance of the neurotransmitter serotonin as a result of which people enter a state where their realities are distorted. It can also produce delirium in some individuals.

The negative effects of near-death experience are that such experience might clash with the individual’s previously held notions. The individuals can also feel alienated as well as doubt their level of sanity due to the confusion. It has been found that people revolting against their lifestyle and values post near-death experience may lead to hampering interpersonal relationships along with an inability to function in one’s community. Near-death experience also leads to multiple positive effects such as increased appreciation of life, other people and nature as a whole. Reduced level of death anxiety has also been observed along with decreased concern with social status and possessions. It has also helped improve symptoms of depressed patients as well as recovered addicts. Other effects include increased sense of self-worth, pro ecological behaviour and enhanced psychological well-being.

Consciousness in humans is an essential part of one’s awareness of oneself and its surrounding environment. When consciousness is altered with death like experiences it blurs one’s reality and ends up being largely a unique subjective experience. This is one of the common reasons because of which it becomes challenging to investigate it to its absolute root. However, it can be said with certainty that the phenomenon of near-death experience brings about plenty of improvements in an individual’s frame of mind, attitudes and personality. It deepens the desire to serve others, recognize a zest for living in the present and an overall greater appreciation of nature.

– Urveez Kakalia & Debanjana Banerjee.

#mental health #personality #psychology #near death experience #depression

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specialagentleonkennedy · 1 year

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Umbrella Corporation file #27658401

Subject: The Study of The Precognitive Abilities of Leon S Kennedy.

File author: Dr. Alex Wesker.

(Warning: this file contains sensitive topics about mental illnesses, if you are uncomfortable reading such, please feel free to skip this file.)

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The human mind is a fascinating organ, fueled by neurons and chemical reactions that power the human body. However, it is a enigma. What gives it the ability to create thoughts and store memories? What tells it to help us fall asleep or wake up? All these questions have yet to be answered, but that's for another file.

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As stated previously in another file, Agent Kennedy has developed an enlarged pineal body wedged between the left and right hemispheres of the brain.

The pineal body is a gland that produces melatonin, however it has also been the center of theories regarding "psychic" abilities, or the Sixth Sense.

In theory, because a normal pineal body is only five millimeters, it does not have the strength to use the Sixth Sense and is only able to produce the melatonin chemical.

In addition, the pineal body in Agent Kennedy's brain is as large as a chicken egg, like the ones you see at the farmer's market. Therefore, Agent Kennedy has the ability to use the Sixth Sense.

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Agent Kennedy has so far six recorded Sixth Sense abilities.

•Telekinesis: the ability to control and manipulate objects with the mind.

•Telepathy: the ability to communicate to a single or multiple individuals with the mind.

•Mind Reading: the ability to read an individual's thoughts.

•Technokinesis: the ability to psychically manipulate electronic devices. (Televisions, radios, cellular phones, etc.)

•Psychometry: the ability to obtain information from a individual or object by touch.

•Mind Control: the ability to manipulate a individual's thoughts, emotions and behavior. (Ie, a puppet)(WARNING: THIS ABILITY IS UNSTABLE AND MUST ONLY BE USED IN DIRE SITUATIONS.)

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Despite the symbiotic relationship between Agent Kennedy and the parasite, and the rapid evolution of Kennedy's biology, there is one flaw; irreversible damage the cingulate gyrus.

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The cingulate gyrus is an arch-shaped convolution situated just above the corpus callosum. The frontal portion is termed the anterior cingulate gyrus (or cortex). A component of the limbic system, it is involved in processing emotions and behavior regulation. It also helps to regulate autonomic motor function.

It is theorized that when the pineal gland was warped by the Las Plagas parasite, it also caused damage to the cingulate gyrus. Therefore, Agent Kennedy now suffers from a form of Psychosis that mirror other psychiatric disorders.

These disorders include:

•PTSD.

•Body Dismorphic Disorder.

•Schizophrenia.

•Depression.

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What is interesting is if anything were to trigger these disorders, Agent Kennedy will physically mutate to his Feral State in defense, and will become extremely aggressive.

Agent Kennedy has also developed something extraordinary: Vectors.

Vectors are an ectoplasmic organ originating from the Las Plagas parasite and take the form of four elongated "Arms".

Though invisible to the naked eye, Vectors can be viewed via Infered Detection or Night Vision.

The Vectors can stretch a max of 25 feet and are capable of cutting through metal and concrete.

When viewed in Infered and Night Vision, the Vectors are described as having five digit hands, however the digits take the form of blackened boney claws.

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Many treatments have proven unsuccessful to aid Agent Kennedy's mental health. However Kennedy has been offered healthy coping mechanisms and has done some of his own. These include:

•Music.

•Gloves and a face mask.

•A figit ring.

•A journal and pens.

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Agent Leon S. Kennedy is a remarkable human, having endured and adapted to the worst situations. And despite having flaws, I believe Agent Kennedy will be a valuable asset to Umbrella.

- Dr. Alex Wesker. END FILE.

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#resident evil #leon s kennedy #umbrella corporation files #you will not BELIEVE how long it took me to research this.#nearly six and half hours #i have zero education but i can read #also i finally learned the color the words thing on Tumblr!

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discoverybody · 2 months

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How Bad Smells Impact Your Health

Bad scents can have a negative impact on our health, both literally and mentally. Bad scents can cause our body to go into a stress response, resulting in symptoms like headaches, nausea, and difficulty breathing. Long-term exposure to some fragrances might potentially cause chronic ailments such as asthma and allergies.

In addition to physical health problems, unpleasant scents also have an influence on our mental and emotional well-being. According to research, unpleasant scents can cause worry, tension, and aggravation, lowering our overall quality of life. It's critical to understand the science of smell and its relationship to health. Our sense of smell is strongly related to our well-being since it allows us to detect and interpret the world around us.

Decaying food, mold and mildew, pet aromas, cigarette smoke, and chemicals are all common origins of foul odors. These scents can linger in our homes and workplaces, subjecting us to their harmful effects on a daily basis. Inhaling foul odors can cause physical symptoms and health problems, particularly for people who have pre-existing respiratory illnesses or weakened immune systems.

The severity of these problems is determined on the intensity and length of exposure. Furthermore, disagreeable odors can have a substantial impact on our mental and emotional health. The olfactory system is linked to the limbic system, which regulates emotion. As a result, addressing the sources of foul smells is critical for creating a healthy living environment and protecting both our physical and mental health.

#impact to health #bad smell #physical health problems #smell #immune system #goodhealth #healthcare

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omkarpatel · 3 months

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Introducing the Pain Patch: A Revolutionary New Way to Treat Chronic Pain

Pain is an inevitable part of life for many who suffer from chronic conditions like arthritis, back pain and fibromyalgia. But soon, those struggling with relentless discomfort could have access to a new form of drug-free pain relief through an innovative transdermal patch. Developed by MediTech Innovations, the Pain Patch utilizes time-tested principles of neuroscience to ease discomfort safely and effectively. How Does it Work? The Pain Patch is designed to target pain signals at their source. When an injury occurs, neurons in the peripheral nervous system become sensitized and prone to sending pain signals even when no threat is present. Over time, this sensitization can lead neurons in the spinal cord and brain to interpret ordinary sensations as painful. The active ingredients in the Pain Patch—a proprietary blend of natural plant extracts—work on several levels to disrupt this cycle of chronic pain. First, compounds like boswellia and capsaicin interfere with the biochemical messaging that causes peripheral sensitization. They calm hyperactive pain-conducting neurons and prevent them from signaling as readily. At the same, ingredients like turmeric and ginger target inflammation in the central nervous system. Chronic pain often goes hand-in-hand with neuroinflammation, as immune cells in the spinal cord and brain pump out painful chemical signals. The Patch’s anti-inflammatory properties help dampen this inflammatory pain response. Lastly, the inclusion of adaptogenic herbs like ashwagandha modulates stress responses in the HPA axis and limbic system that can amplify and prolong pain perceptions. By reducing emotional distress and normalizing bodily stress reactions, the Patch provides relief on psychological and physiological levels. Clinical Studies Early clinical trials of the Pain Patch show promising results. In a 30-subject study of patients with chronic low back pain, over 70% reported significant reductions in discomfort levels after two weeks of regular Patch usage. Similar outcomes were found in trials involving arthritis, fibromyalgia and neuropathy patients. Usage led to decreased pain ratings both at rest and with activity. Participants also exhibited reduced analgesic use, higher functionality scores, less depression/anxiety and better quality of life outcomes. The Patch's effects appeared comparable to traditional pain medications but without major side effects. Further studies are underway to learn more about dosing protocols, long-term implications and how the Patch performs against a placebo. Preliminary data analysis suggests it works via modulating central pain processing pathways rather than simply numbing superficial nerves. No serious adverse reactions have been reported to date. Potential Benefits If future trials continue to validate the Pain Patch's safety and efficacy, it could offer patients a promising alternative to prescription painkillers. Some potential advantages include: - Non-addictive properties - The Patch doesn't carry the same abuse and dependency risks as opioids. - Fewer side effects - Herbal extracts are generally well-tolerated with minimal digestive or liver issues versus pills. - Around-the-clock relief - The transdermal delivery system allows for sustained release over 8-12 hours for consistency. - Complementary approach - The Patch supports conventional care without replacing important medical interventions or therapies. - Easy administration - No need to remember multiple daily doses; simply applying the Patch is convenient. - Natural composition - An herbal formulation may appeal to those seeking non-synthetic relief options. Perhaps most importantly, the Pain Patch could fill an important gap for those seeking to better manage discomfort without long-term pharmaceuticals. With the opioid crisis in mind, a proven alternative would benefit patients and healthcare providers alike.

#healthcare

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sobercentre · 4 months

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The human brain is the most complex and important organ in the body. It is responsible for the coordination and performing of various functions in our bodies; from motor skills to vision, emotions, memory, breathing, and digestion among other processes. limbic system This is done by transmitting signals back and forth to different parts of the brain. The signals are transmitted across billions of small cells in the brain, neurons, which release neurotransmitters to facilitate the flow of information. Drugs interfere with the flow of this information by altering the way neurons send, receive, and process signals. The chemical composition of some drugs may impersonate that of natural neurotransmitters and consequently, create a ‘false positive’ signal which activates the neurons to relay information through the brain’s network. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, three major areas of the brain are affected by drug abuse; the brain stem, the limbic system, and the cerebral cortex. This article will focus on how drugs impact the limbic system. However, before that, let’s look at how the limbic system functions. The limbic system The limbic system is the portion of the brain responsible for emotional, behavioral, and arousal responses. Frankly, it controls our feelings, whether or not we feel hungry, or thirsty, the conscious and subconscious reflexes, and even the flight or fight responses. This is made possible by sub-organs which make up the limbic system. They are: Thalamus It is responsible for processing all the senses in our body apart from the sense of smell. It detects and transmits to the suitable area in the brain where the appropriate response will be prompted. Hypothalamus It is responsible for the production of various hormones required in our bodies. the hypothalamus received messages from different organs of the body and works to keep it stable. For instance, it controls our body temperature, blood pressure, mood, sex drive, hunger, thirst, and sleep. Amygdala Named from their almond-like appearances, the amygdalae are responsible for feelings of fear, anger, anxiety, and pleasure. They are two, each located in each hemisphere of the brain. This is where our memories acquire an emotional attachment and determines how long they are retained in our minds. Hippocampus Like the amygdala and other parts of the brain, the hippocampus is located in each hemisphere resembling a seahorse. It is essentially the memory center of the brain. Besides forming memories and associating them with specific senses (or triggers), the hippocampus is responsible for neurogenesis- the generation of new neurons from adult stem cells. Basal ganglia The basal ganglia perform three paramount roles; it controls the reward processing system, motor learning and control, and habit formation. Now that we are aware of what the limbic system is in charge of, keep reading to explore how drugs of addiction act on the limbic system. What happens to the limbic system during addiction? Drug addiction is defined as a chronic, relapsing brain disorder that causes the inability to resist the urge of using a drug. This way, the user always feels the compulsive need to chase a ‘high’, effects which can linger long after consuming the drug. Also known as substance use disorder, addiction alters the natural reward system in the basal ganglia by surging signaling compounds and neurotransmitters that produce dopamine and endorphins. The link between reward pathway and drug addiction Pleasure, in the brain, is registered the same way regardless of its cause. Drugs, such as stimulants, nicotine, opioids, and sedatives alike, activate the reward circuit to produce dopamine– a hormone responsible for causing pleasurable feelings. Naturally, once a pleasurable feeling is produced, our brains are wired to remember it. Dopamine signals induce neural activity which makes it easier to repeat that activity over and over. After all, the activity still lingers in the human memory and so does the satisfaction it brings forth.

Research reveals that drugs can produce up to 10 times the amount of dopamine produced naturally. Therefore, drugs of abuse work by flooding the reward pathway with dopamine hence, the user feels more inclined to use the drug again. Over time, the neurotransmitters are naturally desensitized and lesser natural rewards are processed successfully in the brain, that is, other pleasurable aspects of life do not produce dopamine. As a result, such surges cause changes in the neural activity in the brain, causing it to be reliant on the substance and addiction develops. Addiction is, therefore, a habit formed in the brain. The same goes for other neurotransmitters such as: Serotonin – is a chemical responsible for mood stabilization, wound healing, sexual desire, and nausea. Norepinephrine – also known as the stress hormone, norepinephrine regulates energy levels, focus, and the fight or flight response. Its functions are similar to those of adrenaline. Gama-aminobutyric acid –is a natural tranquilizer that alleviates stress and lowers anxiety levels. Why the need for more and more drugs over time? As the motivation for substance use to increase the dopamine surges increases, the brain adapts a coping mechanism where less dopamine is produced. This being so, larger amounts of the substance will be required to raise the dopamine levels to the new normal and hence, feed the addiction. Even more, will be needed to achieve the desired high. This is called drug tolerance. Nonetheless, the likelihood of a drug-induced reward activity leading to addiction depends on the following factors: The speed with which the drug will stimulate dopamine release. The intensity of the dopamine release. Method of administration of the drug – drugs ingested intravenously will trigger a faster and stronger dopamine signal compared to those swallowed. The reliability of the drug to trigger a dopamine signal. Click here to learn more about the brain recovery timeline from alcohol abuse.

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scottguy · 6 months

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Remember, correlation (happening at the same time) is not causation. Low taurine levels might not CAUSE depression. Depression might come first and THEN lead to low taurine levels. (Hell, I thought taurine was a chemical they put in energy drinks besides caffeine.)

I recall once during a very bad depression I told the nurse, "I feel like I have Alzheimer's disease."

The nurse replied, "I've had many other patients say the same thing."

My brain just couldn't think clearly, I felt constantly stupid with my brain locked in tight cycles of negative self talk. Every mental task such as making conversation and remembering names, or even remembering that clever or important thing I meant to say during a conversation, felt so hard.

My theory is that when you're depressed your brain is constantly circulating on its most primitive level, the fight-or-flight level. It is just not branching out to the cortex where higher thinking and memory resides. Your limbic system, responsible for feelings, is stuck on 'sad.' and it's a vicious cycle because your decreased mental function keeps you from having many pride inducing accomplishments and gives you yet MORE reasons to be feel depressed nearly every hour or every day.

What I recall vividly was how my neurochemistry would, apparently, shift randomly and occasionally and a task that seemed impossible yesterday, like simply taking a trip to the store for groceries, felt hopelessly arduous one day, and then very doable on another, but only for a short time.

If you're depressed, I have no magic bullet but vigorous exercise and getting outdoors into nature helps. (On top of medication.) Of course, going *anywhere* is the LAST thing you want to do. (I liked to just sit in my room on a my bed, the only place I felt safe.) Our natural tendencies are often our worst enemies, we want to "walk" on roller or ice skates, lean back (uphill) when skiing, and stay home when we should get outside. So, you have to force yourself.

#depression #major depression #depression research

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audio-box150 · 8 months

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Emotional Feelings Through Music

When listening to music, especially during our formative years, the experience can do wonders for one’s journey of self-discovery.

Not only do we develop a sense of what kind of music we enjoy dancing/nodding/foot-tapping along to, but the lyrics from songs have the chance of changing how we see the world.

A lot of this is for mood/emotion regulation purposes, and those who don’t get lost in the music, find the right time and place to dabble in music’s ability to relieve boredom and/or to create a specific atmosphere.

Those who are going through something sad and traumatic may use their favourite sad playlist to distract them from their problems; they may even use it to push them over the tearful edge so they can vent emotionally.the tempo affects our emotional response to a piece of music and provide guidance on choosing the most suitable tempo for your compositions.our actions and emotions, and its influence on our brains creates a sense of unity with music that few other art forms can provide.

With music’s deep connection to the limbic system, people tend to find connections in music through memories. Certain songs have a way of taking you to certain time or a specific place in your life. Because of this, we feel a reminiscent connection to music to go along with the emotions it already arouses in us.

Songs from the past can stir powerful emotions and memories. It's an experience almost everybody can relate to: hear a piece of music from decades ago, and you are transported back to a particular moment in time, like stepping into a time machine. You can feel everything very strongly, as if you were actually there.

Tears and chills – or “tingles” – on hearing music are a physiological response which activates the parasympathetic nervous system, as well as the reward-related brain regions of the brain. Studies have shown that around 25% of the population experience this reaction to music.

Music can be a source of pleasure and contentment, but there are many other psychological benefits as well. Music can relax the mind, energize the body, and even help people better manage pain. The notion that music can influence your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors probably does not come as much of a surprise. Music is such a core part of culture and everyday experience that it has long been believed to be connected to one's personality. Music, more than any other media, has strong ties to our emotions: music communicates emotion, stirs memory, affects mood, and spurs creativity.

Happy, upbeat music causes our brains to produce chemicals like dopamine and serotonin, which evokes feelings of joy, whereas calming music relaxes the mind and the body.

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hmsex2023-rorys3965039 · 10 months

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HMsEx Blog Entry 2

Tuesday - Woman in distress video

Techniques

1st part

Insanity trying to sound sane and keep the person on the line

Yellow and orange light makes the scene look sick and dirty, old

Lights shut off cleansing our pallet to then receive slightly more calm and collected dialogue in a different language

Later cut off but darkness seemingly mid sentence, as though the phone line has been cut; however, the sound accompanying this blackout is not a line cutting sound, rather an echoing electric laser like sound. Prompts the question: Is this phone call real? The environment isn’t realistic, it quite literally depicts a broken home

Alternately, the phone cut off with that non-realistic sound may be depicting danger ⚠️ especially in pair with the blackout. It feels as though the one hope of survival has now been cut off and she’s left in the darkness with some other evil presence.

2nd Part

Cool light but still dark

Strobing

Lots of noise, actor struggling to speak over the noise and intensity

More fear

3rd Part

Less cold light more neutral and well lit

Shows how she

Past trauma causing her to reenact the chokehold her supposed husband had her in

Extreme strobing

Data collected by the senses

Total 1.1 meg vs 16-40 bits

- Collected - Conscious attention

Every second

sight 10,000,000 bits, skin/feel 1,000,000 bits, hearing 100,000 bits, smell 100,000 bits, taste 1000 bits

(Norretranders 1999: 121)

I’ve never thought of the senses capacities as metrics before. It’s interesting to have a way of viewing their capacity numerically but even more interesting to know that we can devote conscious attention to only 16-40 bits. I take this new information as a reminder that the subconscious mind is, despite imperceptible, a powerhouse. It also puts into context almost everything we’ve looked at so far in this course; the subconscious constantly has input on our emotional responses to things happening in the present. An aroma that you’ve over years unknowingly attributed to a place, person, or action; leading us to suddenly find ourselves reminiscing due to a smell that chemically has no connection to our physical being. It opens up pathways of manipulating audience experience through the senses, something I’ve rarely looked into in the past. This also makes me question how valuable conscious attention really is.

Flaw with objectives

Setting objectives almost certainly inhibit their achievement

“suggesting the strange conclusion that some problems are best solved by methods that ignore the objective.”

“The main lesson is the inherent limitation of the objective-based paradigm and the unexploited opportunity to guide search through other means.” (Kenneth O. Stanley, 2011)

I found this actually unbelievable but I’m assuming that’s because of my lacking understanding of the AI program they built and the aesthetic nature of database it draws from. I don’t have much else to say about this topic because I struggle to see it in the context of my own life.

Research - Academic

Fear Response

When an individual encounters a threat or danger, the amygdala, a key structure in the brain's limbic system, plays a crucial role in processing fear-related stimuli. The amygdala rapidly evaluates the sensory information and triggers the fear response, including physiological changes like increased heart rate, sweating, and heightened alertness. Furthermore, the prefrontal cortex modulates the fear response, allowing for cognitive regulation and inhibition. Studies by LeDoux (2000) and Phelps (2006) have extensively explored the neural circuits underlying fear processing, providing valuable insights into the brain's intricate mechanisms during fearful situations.

Fear Extinction

This study explored the role of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in fear extinction. The researchers found that specific neurons in the mPFC signalled memory for fear extinction, which suggested the involvement of this brain region in inhibiting fear responses after extinction learning.

Research - Creative Practice

Although this isn’t exactly creative practice, it is an HME; it has a target audience who it’s geared towards, it has immersion, and intention like all other HMEs.

Powers, M. B., & Emmelkamp, P. M. (2008). Virtual reality exposure therapy

This meta-analysis examined the efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) for various anxiety disorders, including specific phobias and social anxiety. VRET is an innovative method that allows individuals to confront their fears in a controlled and immersive virtual environment, facilitating fear extinction and reducing anxiety.

Insta Saved Videos

I find use of trendy music with often obvious beat drops to be quite exhilarating and can really emphasise contrast like in this video where the social media influencer shows his average looking vlog videos where he looks like a goofy funny kinda guy captioning “me on social media” and on the beat drop switches the caption to “me at work” and to clips of him modelling and catwalks with some of the biggest fashion companies in the world. His entire look has changed as the perspective is now that of an industry level catwalk videographer. We see his stature that was not visible during his vlogs and his admirable physique as well as his exceptional cheekbones emphasised by that monotone model face. https://www.instagram.com/p/Cq5dOTXNqUj/ Calumharper18

Here’s a comment that shows the average viewer response:

I believe this is exhilarating because similar to many fictional movies, KungFu Panda for example, the main character initially appears goofy and is the underdog and and the climax of the narrative is truly exhilarating as we’ve:

Gotten to know Po and his upbringing as someone obviously adopted and different from all the other villagers; he has dreams but isn’t likely to become anything other than a noodle chef like his father.

We see his struggle and desire for something more in life

We see him being selected by pure luck and coincidence as the dragon warrior; the absolute disapproval of the Furious Five (his new peers) and his new sensei

We then see his hard work and effort reminding us of his impressive noodle shop table waiting we witnessed at the start of the movie.

At the climax we see him do what is meant to take one years and years to master; the underdog has triumphed and surpassed his peers who had all the more opportunities and experience in this field.

The nobody - the chosen one transformation is a great basis of many narratives. In this instagram video we see someone who looks like nobody special and then we are shocked by this huge contrast. Essentially, this video does what the above description does but to a smaller scale. Simply showing the character as nobody/underdog and then showing them as the master paired with good music dynamics can make a source of short-term exhilaration. Let’s acknowledge the major difference; will I remember this video for the rest of my life, definitely not. Will I remember KungFu Panda for the rest of my life, absolutely. Nonetheless, this was an exhilarating video by my definitions at least.

Concerns: IS THIS EXHILARATING OR AWESOME；I’LL DIFFERENTIATE NEXT BLOG ENTRY

Research - Technical

Exhilarating Project 1 - Video + Sound

I had a bunch of great ideas last night about what I might do for this.

Skateboarding + Neuropsychology edit that explores what is likely going on the mind of skateboarders when they attempt and eventually succeed in jumping down or up things that inherently activate fear response. Lots of opportunity for engaging visuals and has a great informative aspect.

Pros:

Unique idea - people only ever ask the rhetorical question: “How do they do that???” in awe when seeing a skater deliberately put their body in harm’s way. I think it’d be good to be able to answer that which has never been considered.

Skateboarding inherently has exhilarating aspects which can be then amplified through filming and editing techniques.

Skateboarding is what I love.

Cons:

Informative focus may not meet the exhilarating requirement.

Requires someone to help film me skating.

Narcoleptic Reality - an audiovisual experience that exposes the viewer to the physical and mental ups and downs of having type one narcolepsy. While informative, it’d be immersive involving first person filming and editing to make it a realistic experience, like seeing through the eyes of a narcoleptic.

Exhilarating Project 2 - Capitol

I really have no idea about what I might do for the capitol. I think it’s an amazing piece of technology but I’ve really never worked with anything like this before. I have no experience in lighting design and almost no experience in sound design; I found it amazing how some students really just hopped right in to this one. I’ve found myself unable to keep up with this course so far as the outside of class expectations FAR exceed those of DMS1 and 2. Nonetheless, I’m trying to get it together and be creative; it’s just hard when I’ve never even imagined working with this equipment. I fully understand that I’m not required to use any of this equipment; but I took this class with intent to diversify my skillset and creative ability so I feel as though I must utilise this opportunity.

Worked Cited

Harper, C.H. (2023) 'Strut strut strut yo …' [Instagram]. 11th of April. Available at: https://www.instagram.com/p/Cq5dOTXNqUj/ (Accessed 25th July 2023).

LeDoux, J. E. (2000). Emotion circuits in the brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 23, 155-184.

Phelps, E. A. (2006). Emotion and cognition: insights from studies of the human amygdala. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 27-53.

Powers, M. B., & Emmelkamp, P. M. (2008). Virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(3), 561-569.

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budandtender · 11 months

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The Hilarious High: Exploring Why Cannabis Makes Everything Funnier

International Joke Day 1st July

Introduction

Have you ever wondered why consuming cannabis can make even the most mundane situations seem incredibly amusing? Why is it that after partaking in this herb, we find ourselves giggling uncontrollably at things that wouldn't usually be funny? This phenomenon has intrigued scientists and cannabis enthusiasts alike, leading to extensive research into the effects of cannabis on our sense of humour. In this article, we will explore the science behind the giggles, the benefits of laughter, and the role cannabis plays in elevating our spirits.

The Science of Laughter

Before diving into the relationship between cannabis and laughter, it's essential to understand the science behind laughter itself. Laughter is a complex physiological response triggered by various stimuli, such as humour, tickling, or social interactions. It involves the activation of multiple regions of the brain, including the limbic system (which controls emotions), the prefrontal cortex (responsible for decision-making and social behaviour), and the motor cortex (which controls muscle movements).

The act of laughing releases endorphins, the body's natural "feel-good" chemicals, which are known to reduce stress, relieve pain, and promote a sense of well-being. Furthermore, laughter has been linked to improved immune function, better cardiovascular health, and increased resilience in the face of adversity.

Cannabis and the Giggles: A Match Made in Heaven

Now that we have a better understanding of laughter, let's examine how cannabis comes into play. The primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is responsible for the plant's mood-enhancing effects. When THC enters the bloodstream, it binds to cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) located throughout the brain and central nervous system. This interaction triggers a cascade of neurochemical reactions that ultimately lead to the euphoric and relaxing sensations commonly associated with cannabis use.

One of the key effects of THC is its ability to increase dopamine levels in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter responsible for regulating mood, motivation, and reward. Elevated dopamine levels are linked to increased feelings of pleasure and well-being, which may contribute to the enhanced sense of humour experienced while under the influence of cannabis.

In addition to boosting dopamine, THC also influences the release of other neurotransmitters involved in mood regulation, such as serotonin and norepinephrine. These neurochemical changes can alter our perception of reality, making everyday situations seem more novel and amusing.

Moreover, cannabis has been shown to enhance sensory perception, making sights, sounds, and tastes more vivid and intense. This heightened awareness can amplify the humour in everyday experiences, leading to uncontrollable bouts of laughter.

Another factor contributing to the giggles is the way cannabis affects our cognitive processes. THC can impair short-term memory and disrupt linear thinking, causing users to become easily distracted and lose their train of thought. This mental disorganisation can lead to unexpected connections between seemingly unrelated ideas, resulting in absurd and humorous thoughts that might not have occurred otherwise.

The Benefits of Cannabis-Induced Laughter

While the giggles may be an entertaining side effect of cannabis consumption, they also offer numerous health benefits. As mentioned earlier, laughter releases endorphins, which help to alleviate stress, reduce pain, and boost overall well-being. Additionally, laughter has been shown to lower blood pressure, improve lung function, and strengthen the immune system.

Cannabis-induced laughter can also serve as a powerful bonding experience, fostering a sense of camaraderie and connection among those sharing in the hilarity. This social aspect of laughter is particularly valuable in today's fast-paced, often isolating world, where genuine human connection can be hard to come by.

Furthermore, laughter can act as a form of emotional release, allowing individuals to process and cope with difficult emotions in a healthy and constructive way. For those struggling with anxiety, depression, or other mental health challenges, the giggles brought on by cannabis can provide much-needed relief and a temporary escape from the weight of their emotional burdens.

Conclusion

The relationship between cannabis and laughter is a fascinating and complex one, rooted in the intricate interplay of neurochemistry, sensory perception, and cognitive function. While the exact mechanisms behind the giggles remain somewhat elusive, it's clear that cannabis has a unique ability to enhance our sense of humour and make even the most ordinary experiences seem uproarious.

Not only do these cannabis-induced giggles offer a welcome respite from the stresses and challenges of daily life, but they also provide a host of physical, emotional, and social benefits. So, the next time you find yourself doubled over with laughter after partaking in some cannabis, remember: laughter truly is the best medicine, and cannabis just might be the perfect prescription.

#cannabis #cbd #cbdoil #health #budandtender #cbdhealth #feelgreatagain #laughter #jokes #internationaljokeday

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