Researching herbicide resistance in weeds.
A decade ago, everyone said rotating applications of different herbicides was key to stopping herbicide resistance.
Then, around 2015, evidence from a large study emerged saying that this actually causes weeds to be MORE resistant, so the best thing to do is to spray a combination of multiple herbicides mixed together at once.
Now that is being called into question too. Whoda thunk it...
Herbicide resistance among weeds is only getting stronger. Recently, scientists found an annual bluegrass (Poa annua) on a golf course that was resistant to seven herbicide modes of action at once. Seven. SEVEN. Amaranth plants been found with resistance to six herbicide modes of action at once. Twenty years ago, the narrative was that resistance to glyphosate (Roundup) was unlikely to become widespread; today it's the second-most common type of resistance.
What's more, plants are developing types of herbicide resistance that are effective against multiple herbicides at once and harder to detect. Instead of changing the chemical processes within them that are affected by the herbicides so the herbicides don't work as well, they're changing the way they absorb chemicals in the first place. Resistant plants are producing enzymes that detoxify the herbicides before they even enter the plants' cells.
It took Monsanto ten years to develop crop varieties resistant to Dicamba (after weeds made 'Roundup Ready' crops pointless). Palmer amaranth evolved Dicamba resistance in five years.
So I asked, "Why are all the proposed solutions dependent on using more herbicides, when we know damn well that this is going to do nothing but make the weeds evolve faster?"
The answer is that chemical companies have the world in a death grip. They can't make money off non-chemical solutions, so chemical solutions get all the funding, research, and outreach to farmers.
But why do chemical companies have so much power?
One of the biggest reasons is the U.S. military.
In the Vietnam war, all of Vietnam was sprayed with toxic herbicides like Agent Orange, which was incredibly toxic to humans and affected the Vietnamese population with horrible illnesses and birth defects. Monsanto, the company that made the herbicides, knew that it did this, but didn't tell anyone. The US government didn't admit that they'd poisoned humans on a mass scale until Vietnam veterans started dying and coming down with horrible illnesses, and even then, it took them 40 years. (My Papaw died at 60 because of that stuff.) And the soldiers weren't there for very long. As for the Vietnamese people, the soil and water where they live is contaminated.
Similarly, during the "war on drugs," the US military sprayed Roundup and other chemicals on fields to destroy coca plants and other plants used in the manufacturing of drugs. This killed a lot of crops that farmers needed to live, and caused major health problems in places such as Columbia. The US government said that people getting sick were lying and that Roundup was just as safe as table salt. (A statement that did not age well.)
So chemical companies make money off arming the USA military. The American lawn care industry, and the agricultural system, therefore originates in more than one way from the United States's war-mongering.
The other major way is described in this article (which I highly recommend), which describes how after WW2, chemical plants used for manufacturing explosives were changed into fertilizer producing plants, but chemical companies couldn't market all that fertilizer to farmers, so they invented the lawn care industry. No exaggeration, that's literally what happened.
This really changes my perspective on all the writings about fixing the agricultural system. The resources are biased towards the use of chemicals in agriculture because the companies are so powerful as to make outreach and research for non-chemical methods of agriculture really hard to fund. All the funding is in finding new ways to spray chemicals or spraying slightly different chemicals, because that's what you can actually get ahold of money to look into. It is like the research has to negotiate a truce with the chemical companies, suggesting only solutions that won't cause lower profits.
Meanwhile my respect for Amaranth is skyrocketing.
Who would win: The USA military-industrial complex or one leafy boi
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I think part of the reason why I find Max and Charles' dynamic so fascinating is because if anybody created original characters with their basic backstory they would be called out for pushing the narrative too hard but it's literally just basic well known facts about them and things we've seen happen, it's insane like
They're born sixteen days apart.
Their star sign is Libra, the sign of balance, equilibrium.
A complete and utter coincidence and Charles of course had his own personal reasons for choosing his number, but his number also happens to be the same about days that separate their birthdays.
They literally grew up racing each other.
They hated each other as kids.
"I am just as good as him/we're equals in experience etc"
The way they talked about each other to journalists and in their blogs while they were karting lmao.
The incident!
The comparisons since the beginning to Senna and Prost, two of the sports goats and one of the greatest rivalry in F1's history.
Max recommended Charles to be his replacement when he left his team to move onto to the next stage.
There's something poetic about them being born in the year of the ox and Max driving for red BULL. Also 2021 in which Max won his first championship was also the year of the ox and I am completely normal about it after just finding out about five minutes ago -
The slowburn of the relationship, lifelong rivals but friends now too.
The way they talk about each other.
The fact they're each other's biggest defenders.
I am sorry but Charles running off track after getting distracted by Max and then hitting his head on a golf cart again after getting distracted by Max is something I expect to see in romcom or a fic but no both of these things actually happened in Abu Dhabi 2021 on the same night lmao.
The fact they don't follow each other on Instagram and yet interact with posts about the other that someone else posted.
The reason why they don't follow each other lmao, I still cackle thinking of Charles - literally on Max's freaking plane going home to Monaco after Austria 2019 - looking over at Max to see if he noticed that he'd unfollowed him.
Max was known as the inevitable. Charles is the predestined one. Like hello?!!!
There's more but like??!!! The fact this is real life and not a movie is insane sometimes - Guess it's true what they say, truth is stranger than fiction
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Lando Norris HC's
I'm burnt out and exhausted and I just want someone to love me haha
Masterlist
Lando
Where to begin?
He's... something else
Don't get me wrong, he's amazing
What's not to love?
High performance athlete who also streams on Twitch
Every bit the golden retriever boyfriend everybody wanted
Every bit the golden retriever boyfriend Y/N got
This man? Attention WHORE
He doesn't stop
Comes out with the weirdest stuff
It's so much fun
Wants his girlfriend with him for race weekends
Because he hates going a long time without pissing her off
Very important that his girlfriend gets along with Carlos
She's there when they're pissing about
During their McLaren days?
Mayhem
You kind of have a love every minute of it if you're dating Lando
Sitting in while he streams sometimes
Not every time
But being in the room, doing something while he streamed
Y/N could be doing her own work while Lando gamed and streamed
Chief cuddler
But can't sit still long enough for them to properly cuddle
Loves getting his hair played with
Oooooo running your fingers through Lando Norris' hair? Literally can't imagine anything better
Stealing hats and hoodies purely because they smell like him
Lando loves snogging
Kissing by lamp light, hands on her hips, grip almost bruising
Or his hands would be on her face, pushing away her hair
Man loves marking up
Marking up his girl and being marked up
Aka, hand prints, hickies, scratches down his back
Lando loved that the most
Feeling her nails raking down the skin of his back
Plus, it was easy to hide
Unless he was participating in an ice bath
Then he'd mark her up twice as good, since she couldn't leave marks on him
Out in the club, Lando is very touchy
Aka, doesn't let go of her
Holding her hand
Holding her hips or her ass as they danced
Y/N becoming one of the more photographed WAG's
Simply because she didn't want to stay hidden
She wanted the world to see her with Lando
She wanted the world to know how much she loved her man
After a race, when Lando was in the top three, he'd climb of the car, wave to the crowd, run over to the McLaren team at the barriers to celebrate
And then he'd pull Y/N against the barrier and she'd kiss his helmet, where she'd think his lips would be
Holidays with Lando!!
Oh my god, literally the best
Fancy hotels and Yachts
Adventuring together
Holidaying with other drivers
There was one particular holiday
It was very spontaneous, they hadn't booked anything
Just hopped off a plane and off they went
To the Canary Islands
It was difficult to get a hotel
When they landed, they could only get one
It was... hell
Kids everywhere, booming music like baby shark playing around the pool all day
It was all inclusive, with drunk, neglectful parents spending every minute getting burnt on the sun loungers or around the buffet
Y/N and Lando found themselves as far away from the pool and buffet as they possibly could
Y/N would be reading her book as Lando did... something
When parents came and took their kids for dinner, they got a break from it
They could go in the pool without kids swimming into them
The hotel had crazy golf
Happy Lando
Happy Lando dragging Y/N around the crazy golf course, giggling like a child
Driving with Lando
Ugh, simply the best
Driving around Monaco in the Fiat Jolly (before he sold it) with his hand on her thigh
Driving in any vehicle with Lando's hand on her thigh
Hitting every red light
Kissing at the stop signs (darling)
Lando belting out the lyrics to any song that comes on
Having a car playlist so that the both of them could sing along
Going to Lando's parents for Christmas
Traditional British Christmas
Aka, roast dinner, pulling crackers, drinking, playing board games and ending the night with a cheese board
Taking his girlfriend around Guildford while they're in the UK
(I'm pretty sure it's Guildford - a youtube video from five years ago just popped up which said Guildford)
(Guildford is the halfway point between where I live now and where I actually live)
After a year and a half, Lando asks her to move in with him
Six months after that, they get a dog
A Doberman, collie, or golden retriever, I think
The name? Badger
Why? Daniel
Aka, Daniel knew the couple were going to adopt a dog
He had to get himself involved somehow and
He placed a wager - if Lando finished below P5 he'd get to name the dog
Y/N readily accepted
Lando DNFed that race
And so, the dog was named after the honey badger himself
To this day, Lando doesn't know
Lando is such a good dog dad
The dog doesn't come to the race weekends like Roscoe does with Lewis
Either Y/N stays home or the dog stays with a trusted friend if they had both gone
Lando's social media becomes a fan account for the dog
Having oh so many pregnancy scares with this man
Who doesn't love a late night run to the shop to get a pregnancy test or two?
They do eventually get pregnant
Y/N finds out on a race weekend
She was at home with Badger when she saw the pregnancy test in her bathroom cabinet
Video calling her best friend, Y/N took it
She waited the mandatory couple of minutes before she checked the little stick
She had to hang up on her friend
It was just meant to be for fun
Nothing serious
But then it turned serious
What the fuck was she going to do?
When the fuck would she tell Lando?
Should she tell him now, before he's about to go and race?
Yeah no, not a chance
Not with how much she was currently freaking out
She waits until he gets home from the race weekend
The test (and all of the others she'd done) had been thrown in the bin
All she had was herself
This was fine
She wasn't freaking out
(she was freaking out big time)
Y/N stayed up, waiting with Badger for Lando to come home
As soon as the door opened, she jumped up and faced him
Lando dropped his things when he saw her
He'd assumed she'd been asleep when he got in
But no, she was still awake
And he'd been waiting for him
Warmth spread through him
Normally, when Y/N waited up for Lando, she'd jump into his arms
But not this time
No
She just stood there, staring at him
"I've got something to tell you"
Anxiety spread through Lando
Y/N told him
He dropped to his knees
Well, his one knee
For the longest time Lando had been looking for a sign that he should propose
He wanted to, he desperately wanted to
He was just looking for some sort of sign
This wasn't a sign, it was a slap in the face
With all of the racing, Lando hadn't yet managed to buy her a ring
He'd really meant to
When he got down onto one knee, it was at the very back of his mind
"Marry me?"
Yeah, that was how he asked
Of course, Y/N said yes
Lando began running around, looking for some rope or yarn or twine that he could wrap around her finger until he got a proper ring
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