#the final moments is the Roman republic

[sunbentshadows]

“Looking back, it becomes clear late America worshipped corporations as gods, allowing constant proliferation of their propaganda, sacrificing health and homes and their prosperity as a nation at the altar of capital.

“Crimes against wealth were treated as severely as crimes against an individual’s life, as murder, as egregious harm to a person or child, and the laws protected corporations’ right to prosecute with a bloodthirsty ruthlessness. Lawmakers turned great profits in conjunction with these industries, buying stock and accepting legal bribes from influential persons employed by corporations to pass further favorable legislation.

“Corporations were allowed to own lawmakers, to pick presidents (the equivalent of our ‘Consul’), to kill without consequence, to poison lives and natural resources, and to take any means necessary to pursue profit - and in fact, were legally mandated no other course. These actions were lauded, for the pursuit of endless monetary gain was seen as a virtue.”

- Excerpt from a future history book

#I’m reading RUBICON right now #the final moments is the Roman republic #and thinking about that poor autistic kid that a fucking gaming company was able to institutionalize #for life #writing.txt #idk #Arion Kurtaj

[brother-emperors]

locking in a final design for publius (I’ve redesigned him. like, five times now) because I have a comic I want to draw and publius has to be in it

(the comic is antony becoming increasingly haunted by cassius, publius, and crassus during antony's parthian war until it's a full blow horror nightmare sequence)

society6 | ko-fi | redbubble | twitter | deviantart

#this is basically my old old OLD brutus design but who cares it's not like i was using it for brutus anyway #the important thing is that the final road block for this idea has been overcome #antony going to talk to some of his men but when the figures turn around it's cassius and publius #honestly the cassius-publius visual parallels for this are doing wonders for me. the removal of necks from heads? nice #and constantly out of the corner of his eye: there's crassus' wandering shade!! #(thank you for this lucan I owe you my life) #and all of it escalates until its no longer confined to dreams and that blurry haze when waking up: its Every Waking Moment #antony cant escape it!!! and finally it will end with an absolutely nightmarish reconstruction of events like a play in honor of some fun #crassus texts ive read #(what inspired this? well. if you must know. i was playing thief. the original games not thief 4) #(those games honestly have levels that are scarier than actual genre horror games god bless) #publius licinius crassus #roman republic tag #drawing tag

[niqhtlord01]

Humans are weird: What is art?

( Please come see me on my new patreon and support me for early access to stories and personal story requests :D https://www.patreon.com/NiqhtLord Every bit helps)

Alien: *Walking through museum with friends.*

Alien: *Stops at painting*

Alien: What is this picture of?

Human Friend: *Walks over and sees painting*

Human Friend: It is the depiction of the death of Julius Caesar.

Alien: Who is that?

Human Friend: He was a general of the roman republic far back in human history.

Human Friend: This piece is an imagination of the moment he was murdered in the halls of the roman senate.

Alien: Are those around him his enemies?

Human Friend: And his friends as well.

Alien: Why would they seek to murder him?

Human Friend: If I remember correctly this event took place after many years of civil war; Roman fighting Roman across multiple continents with each believing themselves to be in the right until finally Caesar emerged victorious.

Human Friend: But when the war ended many believed Caesar would become a tyrant and rule the people with an iron fist, and so a group of them came together and struck him down to prevent such a thing from happening.

Alien: Why would anyone wish to make such a horrible moment into art?

Alien: Look at him. *Points at Caesar*

Alien: A great man on the floor with his hands up begging for his life while his once friends strike him down.

Alien: Do humans find joy from witnessing such violence?

Human Friend: A misconception you may have is assuming that human art is only meant to inspire the more positive range of emotions.

Human Friend: In reality there are thousands of pieces that are created to inspire feelings of dread, sadness, loneliness, anger and so forth.

Human Friend: Such as this piece. *Points at artwork next to death of Caesar*

Human Friend: This one was painted by one of our peoples greatest artists Vincent Van Gogh.

Alien: Is the human in pain?

Human Friend: Yes.

Human Friend: The picture is often considered to be a reflection of the artist himself during his later years as he became increasingly depressed and saddened.

Alien: This only further proves my point that humans elate themselves on the suffering of others.

Human Friend: What you call suffering we call the human condition.

Human Friend: Look closely at the old man.

Alien: *Leans forward to examine*

Human Friend: Can you not see the detail in the brush strokes? The care he has for figure and form?

Human Friend: Here is a man in the depths of despair and he uses that raw emotion to imbue his art with it; to make it come alive.

Human Friend: Life is not easy. It is full of moments of equal joy and misery in an endless waltz until we finally return to the earth that bore us.

Alien: So what you are saying is that humans use all of their emotions when composing artworks.

Human Friend: Correct.

Human Friend: Some pieces are meant to inspire singular emotions, while others can induce multiple.

Human Friend: In the end though it is still possible that as individuals we may find some entirely different meaning in a particular piece that is in contrast with the more widely accepted ones.

Alien: Then which is right?

Human Friend: All of them.

Alien: That can’t be possible.

Human Friend: What a piece inspires inside you is unique to the individual.

Human Friend: There is no right or wrong way to experience art and that is part of the beauty for it.

Alien: You humans have an apparently overly complex for artistic works.

Human Friend: Just wait until you hear our music.

Human Friend: There’s this genre called pirate metal I want to introduce you to.

#HUMANS ARE WEIRD #humans are insane #humans are space orcs #humans are space oddities #scifi #story #writing #original writing #niqhtlord01

[mask131]

In general, when it comes to the religious approach between the US and a country like France, the huge gap can be easily explained by history.

The USA history was all about learning to embrace and accept and tolerate all and every religion. Yes there was religious fanaticism and religious extremes in this country - in fact a lot of people in there like to forget the founders of the USA were themselves considered religious fanatics by Europe. But the whole history of the USA is about learning to be open-minded and tolerant and respectful of other religions.

But a country like France? Its history is about to try and kill religion. France had its "let's welcome and open all religions" era - but a long time ago, and somehow it shows how "young" of a country the USA is. France meanwhile went way past beyond that, and went to the next phase, the systematic elimination of religion, or at least reducing it to the point of it being harmless.

Because France had to deal with all the most fucked up things religion had to offer. Not only did we kept fighting with every neighboring countries in names of religions (Christianity vs Islam, Catholicism vs Protestantism or Anglicanism), but we even had the historical traumatism of the religious wars within France itself, the country devouring its own due to the Catholic vs Protestant debate. Itself being a mere continuation of the strict hunt by the Inquisition of all the various "heretic" groups in France - France was the country where the Templar Knights and the Cathare met their death by mass executions.

The French Revolution was all about getting rid of an over-powerful and corrupted Church, and of a biased government tied to Christianity so much the Crown and the Church were just one and the same. Overthrowing the King was overthrowing the chosen of God, and the one sent by God - and thus the French Revolution was about men of religion, and the Terreur that followed made sure to get rid of all those French communities that were still too attached to their religion. Heck the French Revolution was all about removing any religious name, and all religious celebrations and destroying all religious statues - not just of Christianity, but also of long-dead religions such as the Greek or Roman ones.

And the Enlightenment. What about the Enlightenment? Everybory part of the "Lights" were about denouncing and criticizing religious fanaticism and the power of "superstition" over the minds. They liked in times of religious wars and persecutions, and they knew first hand that religion was the enemy of a good, human thinking. Just take Voltaire's writing: the guy spent his entire life taking down any form of organized, unthought religion, caricaturing, mocking or denouncing all the forms of Inquisition and hurtful superstitions he could find.

And even then, one of the most important dates French kids are taught in school, which is considered to mark the beginning of modern France, is 1905: the law separating the Church from the State. This was the moment the modern Republic, after many tries and fails, finally established the principle that religion should not be part of a government, and that the State should be above religion, and that religion was a private domain not a public one. This is one of the fundamental principles of the French Republic: secularism, laicity, the modern way to ensure a freedom of religion by making sure none dominate and that all religious matters are to be secondary in the greater scope of things.

So yeah, what I am trying to say is that France's entire history is about fighting off religion and trying to make clear it should not define people's life and should not be imposed on anybody and should not have too much power. Because France lived in the trauma of the Inquisition, and the religious wars, and the superstition-fueled persecutions, and the Church influencing if not corrupting the government. Times and times again in an endless cycle.

Which of course is going to make a HUGE difference when it comes to religious approach compared to a country like the United-States, which was founded by religious communities, partially for religious reasons, and whose entire creation relied on religious principles (like Manifest Destiny), and where the President still has to swear by the Bible before obtaining their post...

#random rant of the day #or random musing of the day #i don't know #i'm tired #religion #france #usa #history

[rabbits-of-negative-euphoria]

"most conservatives are thinking about [the roman empire] because our cultural moment resembles their cultural moment which precipitated their fall"

Curious about this - can you explain? I'm a history ignoramus

Many historians note that the final years of the Empire were especially excessive in declining morals and values as witnessed through decreasing safety, promiscuity, lavish overindulgent parties, and violence. During this time the Empire's larger cities were very unsafe because violent crimes were rampant in their streets. Roman historians recount that "there were 32,000 prostitutes in Rome during the reign of Trajan. Emperors like Nero and Caligula became infamous for wasting money on lavish parties, where guests ate and drank until they became ill" (Bower et al 1993). Some believe that the most alarming trend during this time was the rise in Roman passion for cruelty. Gladiatorial combats, which brought together the rich, the poor, and often the emperor himself, became the most popular form of entertainment. The audience would shout out cries and curses as the gladiators fought and multiple contests took place on the same stage daily. "Should the ground of the arena become too soaked with blood, it was covered over with a fresh layer of sand, and the revolting performances went on" (Bower et al 1993). These are just a few of many examples that historians often cite when arguing that the overall decline in Roman morals and values was one of the major reasons why Rome eventually fell. The United States today cannot claim purity in comparison to Rome regarding our own decline in morals and values. Las Vegas, one of the most popular tourist destinations in our country advertises gambling, sex, and overall gluttony twenty-four hours a day. Despite the lack of values that Las Vegas promotes, it is also one of the fastest growing cities in the United States. Murphy is well-aware of easily made comparisons between Rome and the United States today in terms of declining morals and values when he writes that "Romans and Americans can't get enough of laws and lawyers and lawsuits. They believe deeply in private property. They relish in humiliation of public figures: Americans through comedy and satire, talk radio and Court TV; the Romans through vicious satire, to be sure, but also, during the republic, by means of the censorial nota, the public airing, name by name, of everything the great men of the time should be ashamed of" (Murphy 2007).

- Sarah Maia Conde Pooner

I don't know when this was written, but it is obviously out of date by now. Ever since 2015, America has been in such a precipitous cultural decline that the debauchery of Las Vegas is a joke in comparison.

On top of that, like Rome, we are allowing our enemies to become stronger than us, permitting entry to unmanageable numbers of immigrants with no plan or requirement for assimilation, and attempting to spread our empire to regions and peoples that are not economically or militarily feasible for us. Plus, we are treating our military like garbage and then expecting them to carry out impossible tasks. We have also promoted and codified a broad diversity of contradictory beliefs regarding First Things, which creates political instability from term to term.

#- HK #respublica #history #Rome #x #I'm sure others can chime in with a laundry list of further parallels

[just-late-roman-republic-things]

Agrippa

A companion to Thurinus, in more ways than one.

I They say you were born Caesarean Foot-first, a breach birth, Cut from your mother's corpse. They say the doctor gripped Your leg wrong, poor Agrippa, That's why you cannot run.

Your sister steps in—Vipsania— To raise what your father won't. Your brother tells you legends Of Carthage and Corinth crushed. So you better learn your Latin To work in a Roman world.

II At eight, you meet Octavius Frail and fatherless, mother missing A useless youngest, like you. But he appreciates your assistance And an ugly impulse is proud That for once, you aren't the weakest.

You doodle in your downtime Of buildings long abandoned. All roads lead to Rome, and so flows The wealth. Octavius asks, Listens, looks actually upset. "If I were ruler of the world—"

III Years pass, and your classmates Cluster cluelessly round Octavius. Something about a "Caesar," Their fathers said. You flirt with Him for a laugh, and he shoves You into the river, ears red.

At twelve Octavius is taken To his relatives in Rome. In his letters he lets out His heart, his hate, how much He masks for his stepfather's sake, How much he misses you.

IV Dark clouds drape the country As Caesar and Pompey splinter. At your father's insistence, Your brother joins the legions Representing the republic. As usual, you're ignored.

Octavius sides with Caesar And your father forbids you write. You confess in your final missive Your families have become foes, But forgo your father's name Leaving merely Marcus Agrippa.

Your classmates are conscripted, and for once, You feel grateful to be lame.

V You can't fathom who'd follow Caesar And march on Rome, removing Their opponents piece by piece. You know nothing of your brother Till his body returns home Bruised, bandaged—and breathing.

To thank the conqueror's kindness You attend his triumph: a moment Of gold amid the masses in rags. Octavius rides beside him, A sun-kissed vision at seventeen. You walk in different worlds.

VI Two weeks later, a letter: Octavius is gravely ill, And he wants no one but you. Though you can't run, you can ride, Arrive to find him feverish, And he asks you for a favor.

Caesar sailed for Spain without him Because Octavius was weak. You've felt that same fire To prove people wrong, see his hope Of rekindling a connection. You can't help saying yes.

VII You get seasick, shipwrecked, Lost at the edge of the earth, But find your bearings by the stars Astride stolen horses. Octavius Takes his turn scanning for Spaniards. You learn to hunt, to hide, to kill.

Over a hundred miles, he wonders Where you'd lay down walls, Build bridges, start cities. Five years, and he never forgot Your scribbles, as if someday They might be more than daydreams.

VIII You embarked from Rome as boys, And meet Caesar's camp as men. He gives you a dozen duties: It's a compliment, coming from him. Later, you learn Octavius Petitioned your brother's pardon.

Why didn't he reveal it? Embarrassed, he explains, He didn't want you indebted. You aren't a follower, but a friend. No sooner the word is spoken Than you know it's not enough.

Caesar sends you both to Macedonia, only months Before he is murdered.

IX It's dangerous to know Octavius. He could be on the killers' list. He hopes he can protect you By going back to Rome. But you were broken once, And won't abandon him again.

Together you enter Italy, are Detained by the dictator's men. He's left Octavius everything, Not least his famous name. And as your friend affirms Agrippa, You're the first to style him Caesar.

X In Rome you fight to rescue Your friend's rightful fortune. But Antony's embezzled, and Insinuates young Caesar Only earned it through incest. Caesar stops you from strangling him.

The dictator's dead, but Antony Breaks bread with his butchers Indifferent to injustice, and The legions' grief for their leader. Cicero assesses, assures his support Against your common enemy.

XI It's only a matter of months Before Antony and the assassins Wreak havoc across the country. You and Caesar swear allegiance To the Senate, raise a legion While Cicero wars with words.

It's easier than expected To kill your countrymen. You're reborn in the blood of battle And secure Italy's safety At Caesar's side. Cicero Stabs you both in the back.

XII Step aside, he says. A whisper Of his real thoughts reaches you. The saviors of the Senate must be Praised, raised, and erased. Caesar's irate, would rather Demand his due. And you?

Submit to the republic That never respected you? Or risk everything for a vision Of a city worth calling a capital And what the world could be If you purged the opposition? You will follow your Caesar faithfully, And march on Rome.

#agrippa is an extremely biased narrator #his views don't reflect my own #but it was fun trying to capture his vibes #marcus agrippa #octavian #poetry #jlrrt scribbles #octagrippa

[memoriae-lectoris]

Furthermore, isolation grew increasingly around Robespierre each day; he no longer needed to seek solitude, it was in his very situation. With the Feuillants, he had struck the Royalists; with the Girondins, the oligarchic republic; with the Dantonists, the democratic republic; with the Hébertistes, the proletarian republic: it was the whole nation. Thus, he became increasingly alone facing it, estranged to death from the heirs of all parties, cornered in the Jacobins as in his last stronghold, and there too, reigning only half, forced to purify, that is to say, to reduce his faithful every day, whose best began to wonder. The others retained their faith only by deliberately renouncing all examination, to give themselves body and soul to his fortune.

In this extremity, he had support from Saint-Just. Once you have seen the portrait of Saint-Just, you cannot forget it. That proud, impassive, inflexible head, further enhanced by a huge starched cravat, those large eyes that seem not to see and disdain to look, that marble immobility, those stiff hair hanging over the forehead that they hide from view, it is the figure of the youngest son of Nemesis. Nothing can bend him; Robespierre is right to trust this man of marble. But the situation, in some respects, is only more false; Robespierre commands someone stronger than himself.

Those who knew them well recognize that the man made to reign was Saint-Just. They say that he had in him the material of a great man, at least in shreds; that he had emerged from the head of the Revolution all armed with the pike, like a bronze Pallas, for he combined his cold delirium with quick intelligence in affairs. He lived in the realm of ideas and knew how to handle men and things. He understood administration, finance, and war so well that Carnot once proposed to leave its direction to him. His personal enemies saw in him "a little Montesquieu adolescent, with the cruelty of a mature Nero." On the other hand, they recognized that no one had a stronger head, that he always took the first place, that at twenty-five years old, he dominated the Convention, that only age was lacking for him to lead everything, that obedience naturally arose where he was, that one could not see or hear him without bending or shuddering, and finally, with feet in blood, head in the clouds, he realized the image of the two Roman goddesses, "Paleness and Terror," who had so long governed the earth.

From the height of these clouds, how did he submit to Robespierre? He recognized in him the fierce virtue that had appeared to him in his dreams, and the man of pride bowed his knee before the "Incorruptible." Saint-Just was never discovered in a moment of revolt. From the first day, he worshipped Robespierre; this worship lasted until the last hour. He did everything to make him his master; he put in his hand the scepter of death that only he could have carried. He lent Robespierre his faculties, his audacity, his impassivity, his delirium. He encouraged him, he remained his disciple when he was his equal; he had for him in danger brotherly words as before his elder, he did more, he loved him.

Yet he could not destroy his nature; despite himself, his superiority showed itself when action became necessary. Robespierre could not take Saint-Just's audacity of action; Saint-Just could not and did not want to usurp over Robespierre. They ended up paralyzing each other. Their intimate union, through the voluntary dependence of the stronger one, made them weak and advanced their ruin; it was only meant to make them perish together, with one not knowing how to lead in danger, and the other not wanting to.

#Edgar Quinet #translation is by yours truly #18th century #France #French Revolution #Robespierre #Saint-Just #book: la revolution

[kaydeefalls]

would love some director's commentary on basically any part of Carthaginians you'd like to talk about, but my favourite part was the second last chapter/the siege itself and I'd love to know how you worked out what trajectory to take the characters on through all the historical records. would also love to know more of your thoughts on Yusuf and Nico's backstory and families, if you have thoughts!

Thanks! <3 All right, Carthaginians, let's go.

The siege - or, more specifically, the final Fall of Carthage - was definitely what came first in terms of planning out this fic. When I first had the idea of writing Joe & Nicky's backstory further back in history, the Punic Wars were a logical setting to start with due to simple geography - Carthage being in modern day Tunisia, and Rome being, well, Rome.

So as with any vague idea, I started with a wikipedia deep dive, kind of assuming that I'd stick to the general canon template of them killing each other for the first time in battle and then becoming lovers afterward. But I immediately stumbled across the fact that Carthage's final stand, after the city had surrendered, consisted of about 900 Roman defectors in the Temple of Eshmoun setting the temple on fire around them rather than allowing Rome to execute them. Which. So that was obviously going to Nicky's arc. Which meant he would have to defect to Carthage much earlier on. Which meant I could give him and Joe a much richer relationship build over the course of the war itself. At that point, there was no question that their first deaths would be more of a suicide pact due to having no other options. I thought about having them, IDK, leap off the temple roof together or something, but nah, it felt much stronger to have them kill each other directly, as per canon, but with a complete subversion of what got them to that point.

I wrote chronologically and posted as I went, but it definitely helped going in to know exactly where they had to end up. For example, I deliberately seeded their exact dialogue together in the temple at the end of the siege as lines in their very first idle political debate in Rome in chapter one, so that Nicky could do a complete 180 on his initial stance in the debate by the end.

Embarrassingly, while that was all planned out from the beginning, I was WELL into the middle of the fic before realizing that, uh, Eshmoun is literally the god of healing. I mean, I knew that from the start, but I literally had my own personal OH DUH moment that they would be dying and resurrecting for the first time in the temple of the god of healing, and would OF COURSE think that Eshmoun himself had literally healed them due to their sacrifice on his own figurative altar. So that was an incredibly lucky piece of historical fact to tie into the immortality narrative.

In terms of their family backstories there - I think Yusuf's is about as fleshed out in the fic as it's going to be, it's all his POV and I included all the family info/dynamics I'd thought about. Nicky's didn't get as much detail in the fic, since we're never in his head and he didn't talk about it as much, but his family was the rough equivalent of landed gentry back in Genua - relatively high status for his own tribe, but doesn't mean much to the Roman Republic as a whole. They were granted Roman citizenship when the Genuates allied with Rome, and Nicky received a formal education, but their family wealth took a huge hit during the second Punic War (when Carthage sacked the city) and never really recovered, which is why Nicky left to join the Roman army and make his own fortune. I think he's not the oldest of his siblings - not the one expected to inherit and carry on the family legacy - but probably the second son, with several younger siblings in the mix as well. He has a strained relationship with his father and a better one with his mother, who I imagine died before he left home. He misses his younger sibs, who he helped raise, but never returns to Genua in their lifetimes.

So...yeah! I spent all year with the world of this fic in my head, it's been hard to let go of it. Thank you for asking!

#ask me anything #always a sucker for an askmeme #director's cut commentary #writing is hard

[pixoplanet]

It's January 1st, ⛓️ Haitian Independence Day. France had ruled the colony of Saint-Domingue as part of its worldwide empire since 1659. However, in 1791, a group of enslaved Africans, inspired by the American and French Revolutions, began an epic struggle for freedom that culminated in victory and a declaration of independence on this day in 1804. The declaration proclaimed that the new republic would forever after be known by the same name it was known as before the Europeans had arrived – "Haiti," which means "High Land" in the Native American Taino language. 

The Haitian Revolution is Haiti's defining moment. It was the largest slave uprising since Spartacus' unsuccessful revolt against the Romans in 72 BCE. Haiti's victory came as a total surprise and shock to the rest of the world and inspired countless other slave revolts throughout the Western Hemisphere. It also paved the way for the termination of the transatlantic slave trade. This victory was also the final nail in the coffin of Napoleon Bonaparte’s ambitions for a New World French Empire. He’d sold the Louisiana Territory to the United States the previous year in part to pay for the defeat of the revolt in Saint-Domingue. That was not to be. Haiti became the first independent state in Latin America and the first in the New World to be led by a person of color. 

The victory over France put an end to Haiti's military fight for freedom, but not its political fight. The US and most European nations, including France, didn't immediately recognize Haiti's independence. France didn't officially do so until 1825. The US didn't do so until 1862. That doesn’t matter, though. All that matters is Haiti. The Haitians recognized their own independence on this day in 1804 and have continued to do so every day since. ☮️ Peace… Jamiese of Pixoplanet

#Jamiese #Pixoplanet #haitian independence day #haiti #haitian food #haitian #kompa #zouk #haitian kompa #haitian breakfast #griot festival #griot fest #haitian foods #griot #haitian revolution #mackandal #ayiti #haitian music #haitian pride #haitian businesses #ayiti cherie #haiti tourism #the haitian revolution #instagram #facebook #twitter #pinterest #tumblr #tiktok #youtube

[endlessly-cursed]

history of magic lessons: the first wizarding school

The wizards in Spain had always existed, but they were often prosecuted by the Roman Catholic Church. That is, until the Arab Invasion. They were more lenient on them and gave them treaties and rights, as long as they respected the Islamic Regime and their laws, and they did.

Hence, four of the brightest spanish wizards of the time built up what would be a long-time school that accepted people born with magic from the Spanish empire: El Punto Mágico, Escuela para Jóvenes con Habilidades Extraordinarias or, The Magic Spot, A School for Young People with Extraordinary Abilities. During the years of Isabella I, they had to be a clandestine school, taking in children for the nine months of the year: from the 15th of September to the 10th of June, only making exceptions for war and marriage.

Their founders were four exceptional wizards: Soledad Delgado, the most erudite female wizard of all Spain, specialized in history, defence against the dark arts and charms. Her younger sister, Sancha, was a lover of animals and all creatures, and possesed elemental magic: she could manipulate air. Every animal, no matter how domestic or dangerous, obeyed her every command, and was a fearsome woman, especially by Charles V. Their father, Pedro, was a skilled warrior who had served many kings, and was specialized in the dark arts and could manipulate fire. His wife, Juana, was his best ally and accomplice, and a very wealthy woman. Thanks to her fortune, they could fund the empire. The moment Philip III reigned and the mighty Spanish Empire started to decay, El Punto Mágico gained popularity and more people applied with very to no fear to the school, and was a haven to those accused of witchcraft by the king.

In 1856, Queen Isabella II of Spain conceded them a secret treaty to teach under her laws as long as they remained loyal to her. When she was exiled by The Glorious Rebellion, they allied themselves with the Provisionally Government, Amadeo I, then the First Republic that lasted 11 months and finally Alfonso XII.

During the Civil War, it also affected its students and anarchy reigned over the school. Classmates were arrested, beaten, snitched on and even killed on the hallways. The moment the war was over, Francis Franco ordered the school to close or he'd bombard it. They had no option but obey.

It was when Felipe VI came to the throne, that he allowed the descendants to re-open the school if they could get at least 10k students from Hispanic origin. The goal was made, and to this day, though a minor school, it thrives in Spain. Every year, over 500 new students join this historic school.

Irene Escolar as Soledad Delgado

María Valverde as Sancha Delgado

Ginés García Millán as Pedro Delgado

Clara Sanchis as Juana Pérez

Idea by @gaygryffindorgal

#history of magic #schools of witchcraft and wizardry #spanish empire #mine*

[bunnyloaves]

the moment i actually get into like arthurian legend is like,, its so over for me, like i've finally completed my trifecta of boat media, knight media, and roman era media and by that i literally just mean arctic expedition rpf, arthurian legend, and like roman republic rpf. girls pls send help my way

but also this is not including

les mis/france adjacent/napoleon phase

prussia/silesian war era europe phase

the (white man shaped) ww2/axis powers adjacent interest uHRM which took up too much brain space i really wish i were lying rn

the russian revolution/marx phase i tried vv hard to adapt but never really caught on (unlike all the others, which really took up way too much of myself)

like i care about dead white men too much to get out AJFDH

#squeaks into the void

[f0xgl0v3]

FIRST DRAFT OF CAMP JUPITER MAP!!!! :D

Guys.. I’m considering making the first (kinda second?) draft of the map in Minecraft-

Anyway, the Rome love has gotten to the point that if someone even says the words ‘Roman Republic’ or ‘Roman Empire’ I giggle and squeal in joy and all of my veins feel weird in that moment.

Anyway- uh, yeah. I’ve been procrastinating the map for a little lol- but I’m gonna get it done… hopefully. The first draft I mean- there is no way in Tartarus that I will make it to getting the final draft on paper and inked soo..

Consider this the 1/2 draft.

I guess it’s the first draft but I’ve been neglecting posting it because it is the most BARE BONES map ever. This is no account taken for literally anything other than ‘do I know where the buildings and the basics roads/gates are???’ And that’s about it^^

#idk how to tag this #camp jupiter #hehe :3 #i don’t really know #I’ll probably finish looking at all the roads n stuff first then the gates and finally buildings #but I might use Minecraft because that already has a conversion rate set out for me and it’s already on a grid- #okay bye

[dionysianfreak]

What....... are you talking about. "Ares mixed with agricultural gods to create Mars worship". "Greece conquered". Fortuna, Bona Dea, is literally an Italic Goddess that existed before Athens were formed as a state. Are you. Well..

Two parts of Greece were conquered, and neither of them had cults of Ares. Ares was highly disliked and avoided in Greece and had a prominent pre-Greek cult in thr Roman Republic through the Empire. Like... please, get off your high horse of Greek supremacy.

hello lovely. i think next time we want to correct something I've posted we should do so with a little bit of humility. just as I'll make mistakes in my information, you'll have big reactions to things important to you. remember that the people behind these usernames are only human. a message like this could have seriously harmed someone in the wrong headspace or time in their life.

i do want to remind you that I am a pre-hellenistic Hellenic Polytheist. if my blog comes off as Greek centric... it's because it is— i post explicitly about the Greek religion i practice. showing you one part of my life does not mean it's all I know or believe. now, this is a good learning moment for those wanting a crash course on Greco-Roman syncretism

the ask information isn't entirely correct unfortunately. you can't argue that Fortuna's Roman cult didn't emerge from Tyche's greek cult but did from Bona Dea's Italic/Roman cult. this neglects a very important contextual aspect of Roman religion: these things can be and are mutually exclusive. Rome, up until the ages of Christianity, was generally very religiously tolerant in the sense that they heavily practiced syncretism. any land they forced to join their empire had their local culture mixed with Roman culture, repeatedly. and history didn't happen overnight. layers and layers of syncretism create a religious snowball effect, causing minor or medium sized cults (such as Tyche's or Bona Dea's) to become entangled with many others. this produces the Roman pantheon, and Fortuna.

this aspect of Roman rule is exactly why we have to differentiate between Hellenistic and pre-hellenistic Greece. Hellenistic Greece is hellenic enough to be part of the "Hellenic ages" but is messed up enough by Roman influence to be an entirely different era culturally. the death of Alexander the Great marks this big cultural shift, and it ends with Rome's complete control.

in fact, surface level information makes it seem Bona Dea's cult origin is identified with Damia's Hellenic cult. She is the Hora of the fertile earth, similar to Bona Dea as stated by Encyclopedia Britannica:

"Bona Dea, (Latin: “Good Goddess”) in Roman religion [was the] deity of fruitfulness, both in the earth and in women. She was identified with various goddesses who had similar functions…The goddess Herself was also known as Damia and her priestess as damiatrix. These names are almost certainly Greek, and it is highly probable that the Greek cult of Damia was grafted onto the original cult of the Roman goddess Bona Dea."

just because you have one piece of the truth doesn't make it the whole truth. we're both generally correct, as this is much more complex in real time than I am knowledge of. this is a very interesting Goddess I've never heard of before, so thank you for bringing Her to my attention.

and finally, its impossible for Ares to have had a pre-greek cult in the Roman empire—the Greeks existed before the Romans did. the cult of Ares/Mars within the Empire was because of Hellenic worship of Ares

if you believe Ares to be a hated God among the Hellas i highly recommend you change your sources, whatever they may be. it's true His worship wasn't super common, but when it occurred Ares was an extremely revered and respected God. war was a prevalent and very real threat to the common people all over Europe and Asia, and you don't worship War unless War is already there. i urge you not to mistake dislike and anger of wartime as hatred for the God Ares. you cannot generalize the personal morals or beliefs of all the people who worshiped hellenic Gods. it is okay to be angry with the Gods. life is not always fair.

if anyone has any other information on Bona Dea, please share the links or reblog if you wish :)

#ask #anon #helpol #rompol #hellenic polytheism #roman polytheism #bona dea #tykhe #damia #fortuna #hellenistic polytheism #history #ares #mars #theoi #greek gods #roman gods #freaky ramblings

[missroserose]

Whumptober Day 7: Silent Panic Attack

{Author's note: today's entry is a direct prequel to the amazing @zmediaoutlet fic "cheyenne," where Victor Henriksen finally tracks down a very different Sam and Dean Winchester. If you like this, or even if you don't, check it out—some of the bleakest, most beautiful writing I've encountered in fandom.}

***

He picks up his Louis Vuitton briefcase on his way out from his office.  It’s heavy, filled with documents for the next few workshops and speaking engagements, corporate mission statements and HR disclosures and God knows what else waiting for him to sign, validate, acknowledge.  It’s a demanding job, running a consulting firm; clients constantly pushing you around, employees constantly needing things.  Almost as bad as a family.

…almost.

“Mr. Winchester.”  His assistant trots up to meet him in the tiny mincing steps her Michael Kors pencil skirt allows, Gucci heels clicking on the marble floor of the hallway.  He takes her in at a glance:  hair tidily coiffed and streaked with fashionably-blued grey.  Dove-grey Armani blazer carefully arranged.  Cream-colored silk shirt clearly a tier down—Banana Republic, maybe—but he’s not feeling at his best this evening so he’ll let it pass.  “I have your itinerary for the upcoming week,” she says, swiping at the iPad in her hand.  “Cerberus Group has postponed, but I worked with scheduling at Richard Roman Enterprises to fill the gap.  And JPMorgan wants to know if there’s any flexibility in the attendance requirements for their booking next month—it’s the holidays, of course, several of their board members have personal and family leave planned—”

He turns his head to look at her.  Not frostily, not mildly, not glaring, not soft.  It’s a look utterly devoid of any emotion at all.  He knows, because he practices it in the mirror every morning; it’s remarkably versatile.  Even his assistant, whose hair was a warm rich brown when she began working for him, stops speaking when he turns it on her.

“They know the terms,” he says, after a moment.  Quiet; his voice is always quiet.  He’s never needed to raise it.  “If they wish to maintain the prestigious opportunity afforded by a Pathway To Success workshop the entire board must be present.  No exceptions.”

The assistant swallows, then ducks her head in acknowledgement.  He really should say something about that shirt.  Tomorrow, maybe.  “I’ll pass along the message, sir,” she says, carefully polite.  

He gives her a measured nod.  “Was there anything else?”

“Only another message from Agent Henricksen.  He’s still trying to get in touch with you about your brother.”  He can feel the muscle twitch at the corner of his eye; it must be visible, because she continues all in a rush.  “I looked him up, sir, thoroughly, just as you asked.  Academy transcripts, employment records, even his gun safety ratings.  He’s the real thing, definitely.”  Sam still doesn’t answer; she bites her lip.  “I.  Didn’t know you had a brother.”

“We don’t speak.”  He can feel his fingers tightening around the grip of his briefcase, wonders if the knuckles have turned visibly white.  “Were there any further details in the message?”

“No, sir.”  The barest hesitation, then, “Not in the message.”

He flicks an eyebrow up, a silent command.

She shifts her weight to one foot, holds the iPad against her chest.  “It’s…while I was looking into the agent, sir.  It’s not in any of the official press channels.  Not yet.  But there’s gossip that he’s finally run down that killer.”  She won’t meet his eyes.  “The one on the posters.  The one…with the same last name.”

So.  His secret has finally come to light, and his brother is—arrested, or dead.  He can feel his heart pounding, the adrenaline dumping into his bloodstream.  Run, his body says.  Leave.  Go.  Start somewhere else.  Somewhere they don’t know you.  You’ve done it before, you can always rebuild.  He closes his eyes, takes a short, sharp breath in.  Lets it out.  Ignores the voice beneath his body’s voice, the one that lives deep in his hindbrain, the one that sounds like a desperate, trapped child—Dean’s in trouble!  Go find him!  Help him, you’re all he’s got—

“Sir?  Is everything all right?”

The assistant’s voice draws him back to the present.  He ignores the thumping of his heart, the creak in his knuckles, the tension in his shoulders.  This changes nothing.

Well.  Almost nothing.

“Cancel my appointments this weekend.  I’ll be taking leave to deal with a personal matter.”

“Of course, sir.”  She taps a few times on the tablet, swipes between a couple of screens, doesn’t comment on the novelty of the request.  “And if the press calls?”

The thought of press attention is enough to set his heart pounding again, but he covers it with a tight-lipped smile.  “Refer them to the local FBI office.”  He prises his fingers from their grip, re-hefts the briefcase.  “And inform the flight crew that the plane needs to be ready.  I’ll be traveling.”  He doesn’t wait for the assistant’s acknowledgement, only continues his stride towards the door as if it had never been broken. 

It’s only when he reaches the door that he realizes he’s been humming under his breath, something tuneless and familiar.  He stops immediately, but the long-forgotten lyrics flash into his brain regardless, like unwelcome karaoke:

For now I smell the rain, and with it pain, and it's headed my way…

#whumptober2022 #supernatural #sam winchester #kale!sam

[mask131]

The myth of Apollo (3)

A continuation of these posts.

III/ Towards the perfection of the divine

With Plato, the perception of the god changes completely. The philosopher doesn’t see in Apollo just one Olympian among others: he makes him THE god by excellence. The evolution that Pindar started now reaches its peak. Closely associated with Helios (so closely in fact that we can almost talk of an assimilation), Plato’s Apollo becomes the supreme god, the unique god, the “divine essence” of which the other deities are mere aspects of. Through the character of Apollo it is the Platonic doctrine that is expressed, in a symbolical ay. It is why, despite their ludic function, the various etymologies of the “Cratylus” must be considered very carefully (see the article “Apollo, the mythical sun”). As Apolouon, the god who washes, he represents purification of both the body and the mind, and reminds us of “Phaedo”. As Aploun, he highlights the link between unity and truth, and reminds us of “Parmenides” and “Philebus”. As Aei ballôn, he who always hits/reaches, he is infallibility and perfection. As Homopolôn, the simultaneous movement, he is harmony – as musical as celestial, the harmony of the spheres and the celestial bodies ; and we think of the “Timaeus”, or of the myth of Er at the end of the “Republic”. The respect carried here for the religion of Delphi is not a passive submission to the tradition: piety becomes the foundation of metaphysics. In this context, we can understand why Plato violently rejects the image of a lying, grudge-bearing, bloodthirsty Apollo as he appears within Thetis’ speech in the fragment of Aeschylus’ “Judgement of the Weapons” (quoted before) – a fragment which was preserved only because Plato denounced it within his “Republic”.

Prepared by Pindar, ensured by Plato, the greatness of the god, now the incarnation of the divine unity, will now definitively impose itself. The killer of Achilles, Koronis or Cassandra is now far away: with might now comes moral perfection, and unity replaced multiplicity. It is what Plutarch means when, during his list and comment about the various explanation of the mysterious “E” inscribed in the temple of Delphi, he finally concludes that it means: “You are”.

IV/ The Roman Apollo: politics and religion

We know the famous sentence of Horace: “The conquered Greece conquered its fierce vanquisher” (Epistles). The history of the Greek Apollo within Rome illustrates this line. It is true that we have to account for other influences that nuanced and “filtered” the Delphic presence and adapted it to the mentality of the Roman people: the Falisci beliefs and rites, the Etruscan legends and cults, the fact that the Cumae Sibyl originally belonged to an ancient chthonian goddess… But we can still easily follow a clear progression of the god. Beginning of the 5th century BCE: Tarquin the Superb (Tarquinius) sends two of his sons to the Pythian oracle. 433: a temple is dedicated to Apollo on the Field of Mars. 212: The first “ludi Apollinares” are celebrated. The 2nd of September of 31 BCE: Octave crushes in the waters of Actium the ships of Antony and Cleopatra under the sight of Apollo, who is honored on the promontory that dominates the entrance of the Ambracian gulf.

From this moment on truly begins the entrance of Apollo within Latin literature. (Ennius, Naevius and Lucilius all evoked him, but in a shy and discreet way). Octavius, who will soon be called Augst, cleverly organizes the propaganda. He has a rumor spread according to which Atia, the mother of the new sovereign, conceived him with Apollo. The victory of Actium becomes the “miracle of Actium”. In the year 28, a temple is dedicated to Actian Apollo on the Palatine Hill, right next to the palace the prince had built for himself. On the cuirass of August’s statue (the one found at Prima Porta), Apollo is depicted riding a griffin with a lyre in his hand, while facing his sister Diana, riding a stag and holding a quiver. Apollo, after being the one who caused the victory, becomes associated with the work of peace, the “Pax Augusta” – for he is the god of harmony.

The authors participate to the Augustinian work. Already, well before Actium, in the year 40, in his fourth “Bucolic”, Virgil was announcing the rule of Apollo. Within the “Aeneid”, Apollo plays a major role: it is him that gives to Aeneas and his companions the order to regain the land of their ancestors. He is also Aeneas’ protector, and just as beautiful as the Greek poets painted him: “ the god walks on the yokes of Cynthia, his flowing hair softly pressed with foliage and crowned with a gold diadem ; ad his arrows rustle on his shoulder”. He finds back all of his old functions: he is a prophet, a musician, an archer and a healer. He is “the greatest among the gods”. As for Horace, he opens his “Carmen Saeculare” by an invocation to the two children of Leto – the “Carmen Saeculare” being sung on the 3rd of July of the year 17 BCE for the celebration of the secular games organized by Augustus: “Phebus, and you, Diana, queen of the forests, luminous jewel of the sun, you, always adorable and always adored”.

During the episode of Daphne, in the first book of his “Metamorphoses”, Ovid does treat the god with some disrespect. Apollo is vanquished by the child-Cupid that he disdained. Overtaken with desire for Daphne, he hopes to be able to unite himself with her, “fooled by his own oracles”. He gives her a very eloquent speech, that the nymph refuses to listen to as she flees away from him. And right as Apollo is about to reach for her, Daphne, turned into a laurel tree, escapes him forever. However, if we look at the way Ovid treats the gods in the entirety of his “Metamorphoses”, we do note that Phoibos-Apollo has a more important role than the others. The others gods are not presented with any kind of dignity and do not seem to fit their ranks: they are only seen embroiled in romances or taking part in petty quarrels. On the contrary, Ovid’s Apollo, just like the one of Virgil, has all of his Antique functions – he is an oracle, he is a medicine spirit, he is a musician, and to all of this is added the art of the metamorphoses, an art pushed to a level of science. He is the god of harmony and of light. His identification with the sun which, throughout the previous century was sometimes clear sometimes underlying, is here expressed with no hesitation in the speech Ovid gives to Pythagoras. With the Augustan Apollinism, the depiction of the god shifts to a solar theology, that the successors of Augustus will all make use of. The god of Lycia, the god of the wolves, is forgotten. Apollo is now the figure of light, the harmonious and perfect spirit, and it is as such that he is now forever imprinted in our cultural subconscious.

#greek mythology #roman gods #apollo #roman mythology #apollon #greek gods #plato #ovid #virgil #helios #the myth of apollo

[rickygoldman34]

Its the golden Blog and its the big one 🎆-WRESTLEMANIA-🎆 night 1.

🚺Women's world heavyweight championship🚺

👍😃-Good Points-:

Nothing to do with the match but i thought the prime logo in the ring would have an isore but no.

Rhea Ripley had a great entrance.

Rhea looked super dominant.

Rhea really does look like a star.

Despite being ill Becky Lynch still competed.

👎☹ - Bad Points-:

Nothing to fo with the match but the stage was very meh.

This match could have easily been on anorher PPV this year.

The led of Becky's book wont have been seen by the fans in attendance.

🔖-6 pack ladder match-🔖

👍😃-Good Points-:

Great to see all these tag teams in the match.

Great the tag titles were separated.

Great that Grayson Waller and Austin Theory won.

R-Truth is always funny and deserves his WRESTLEMANIA win.

👎☹-Bad Points-:

The Wheatley vodka advertising around the ring was a little distracting.

🇲🇽-Rey Mysterio and Andrade vs Santos Escobar and Dominick Mysterio-🇲🇽

👍😃-Good Points-:

Its great Rey Mysterio can still get a match at WRESTLEMANIA.

It was good Andrade was on the winning team.

Jaquin Wilde flying through the air was awesome.

👎☹-Bad Points-:

This match could have easily been on Smackdown.

The NFL players weren't needed nor did i know them.

Once again the advertising around the ring was a distraction.

🔵-Jey Uso vs Jimmy Uso-☝️

👍😃-Good Points-:

The crowd certainly love Jey Uso.

Its good they both got this match.

👎☹-Bad Points-:

Lil Wayne definitely wasn't needed.

This could have been alot better,it was disappointing.

👭-Damage Control vs Jade Cargill,Naomi and Bianca Belair-👭

👍😃-Good Points-:

Great entrance for both tag teams.

Great that Jade Cargill got the winning pin,this ofcourse means Naomi on the winning team so a good return for her.

👎☹-Bad Points-:

This could have happened on another PPV.

🇦🇹-Intercontinental championship-🇨🇦

👍😃-Good Points-:

WWE really have treated Sami Zayn very well.

Sami Zayn definitely stayed in this.

👎☹-Bad Points-:

This could have easily been on a Raw.

I wouldn't have had Sami Zayn be the one to beat Gunther.

⚡-The Rock and Roman Reigns vs Cody Rhodes and Seth'Freakin'Rollins-🔥

👍😃-Good Points-:

The Rock very much impressed me.

Both The Rock and Roman Reigns looked incredible.

This definitely went the distance.

We had everything from The Rock.

👎☹-Bad Points-:

None.

!WrestleMania 40 Notes!

     WWE Womens World Championship match Rhea Ripley (Champion) vs Becky Lynch.  Womens wrestling at it’s finest from two of the best in the business today a cracking straight up fight that continues to show Rhea Ripley as one of the top women’s wrestlers in the business. 3rd favourite of night 1

    Multi Man Tag Team Ladder Match for the Raw and Smackdown Tag Team championship.  Judgement Day (Damien Priest and Finn Balor) (Champions) vs New Day vs A-Town Down Under (Austin Theory/Grayson Waller) vs DIY (Johnny Gargano and Tomasso Ciampa) vs New Catch Republic (Tyler Bate and Pete Dunne) vs Awesome Truth (R-Truth and Miz).  Great to see Ladder matches back at wrestle mania in the triple H era with fun spots and moments, the two right teams won.

  Rey Mysterio/Andrade with LWO vs Dominic Mysterio and Santos Escobar.  Fun Luchador high flying tag team match with a lame ending involving two Philadelphia Eagles Football Players Jason Kiece and Lane Johnson.

Jimmy Uso vs Jey Uso, weakest match on the card.

  Bianca Bel Air/Jade Cargill/Naomi vs Damage Control (Dakota Kai/Asuka/Kari Sane).  Jade Cargill looked like a million dollars coming into this match, Bianca Bel Air continues to be Mrs WrestleMania.

 

     WWE Intercontinental Championship Match Gunther (Champion) vs Sami Zayn.  Two future main eventers delivering one of the best IC Championship matches, Zayn the underdog topples the giant to become the 14th man to win the IC Title at WrestleMania.  2nd favourite of night 1.

  Cody Rhodes/Seth Rollins vs Roman Reigns/The Final Boss The Rock.  A Main Event full of story and action that could of gone anywhere, Reigns speaering Rock starts the set up for their main event next year, Rock pinning Cody was the right call for night 2 to be more exciting and set up and match between them soon.

▶️!!👇👇MY SOCIALS👇👇!!▶️

#wrestling #youtube #wrestlemania #roman reigns #the rock #seth rollins #cody rhodes #triple h