#hematopoiesis
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From the Heart
Study of a zebrafish model provides direct evidence that blood cells – mainly neutrophils – are produced in developing embryos by the tissue lining the heart (endocardium) and reveals the molecular signals that regulate this
Read the published research article here
Video from work by Suman Gurung, Nicole K. Restrepo and Saulius Sumanas
Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
Image originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution – NonCommercial – NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
Published in Cell Reports, February 2024
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#science#biomedicine#immunofluorescence#biology#heart#cardiac#blood cells#hematopoiesis#neutrophils#zebrafish
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Hematopoiesis
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Aplastic Anemia: Understanding Its Origins, Diagnostic Approaches, and Progressing Treatment Innovations.
Aplastic anemia is a condition characterized by impaired bone marrow hematopoiesis, resulting in reduced levels of all blood components, including red and white blood cells, as well as platelets.
In essence, marrow aplasia represents a form of bone marrow insufficiency. When left untreated, aplastic anemia can give rise to severe complications, including irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmia) and heart failure. Continue reading to explore the historical aspects, diagnostic methods, and available treatment modalities for this condition. Given the substantial impact of aplastic anemia, it is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of its diverse clinical manifestations.
What is aplastic anemia?
Aplastic anemia, also known as bone marrow aplasia, is a rare condition characterized by a simultaneous reduction in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, referred to as pancytopenia. It results from issues with bone marrow stem cell development. The disease progression involves:
1. Diminished hematopoietic stem cell capability.
2. Alterations in the bone marrow's chemical environment and cell interactions.
3. Elevated inhibitory immune chemicals like interferon and TNF, which can lead to bone marrow cell apoptosis.
While relatively rare, it is more common in adolescents and young adults. Severe cases, if inadequately treated, can be fatal, but milder cases often have a better prognosis. Regular medical check-ups are crucial due to the likelihood of disease recurrence.
In summary, aplastic anemia is a rare blood disorder characterized by a simultaneous reduction in red and white blood cells and platelets, leading to pancytopenia. Its causes range from stem cell issues to changes in the bone marrow environment and heightened immune-inhibiting substances. It can be present from birth or develop later due to factors like genetics, toxins, infections, immune system abnormalities, or pregnancy.
Accurate diagnosis involves a comprehensive medical history review, extensive blood tests, and precise bone marrow sampling. Symptoms can vary but often include fatigue, susceptibility to infections, and bleeding tendencies. Treatment options encompass discontinuing harmful medications, blood transfusions, antibiotics, immunosuppressive drugs, and potentially life-saving bone marrow transplants, especially in severe cases…….
FOR MORE INFO PLEASE VISIT: https://www.drkarunhematology.com/aplastic-anemia.html
dr. karuna Kumar
9742778093
Dr KK Hematology Clinic
No 3-9-242, 81, Siva Arun Colony, West Marredpally, Secunderabad, Telangana 500026
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CHAPTER THREE: Blood cells and how they are formed.
CHAPTER THREE: Blood cells and how they are formed.
Part two. Read part one from here.
Red bone marrow contains the hematopoietic stem cells that produce all blood cells – red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Hematopoietic stem cells are known as multipotent stem cells due to their ability to produce all the cell lines.
They continually divide: some of the cells remain stem cells: and others commit to divide into myeloid and…
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Julien Miquel my beloved where would we be without your pronunciation videos
#he has been an INVALUABLE asset#amongst a sea of auto-generated pronunciations that are incorrect#and some of the medical terminology i've had to look up the pronunciation for i could actually find anywhere else but his channel#or at least. i couldnt find it being pronounced the correct way#youd be surprised how often doctors themselves dont know how to pronounce hematopoiesis#which doesnt really matter when you still know what theyre saying#its just funny how like. a lot of words have a true way theyre meant to be pronounced but a lot of medical staff says fuck it#and does smth else#but his channel is nice bc not once has he ever failed me
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The Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) protein mediates signaling from several cytokine receptors in the regulation of hematopoiesis and immune responses. Somatic mutations in human JAK2 lead to constitutive activation and cytokine-independent signaling and underlie several hematological malignancies from myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) to acute leukemia and lymphomas. JAK2 contains an active kinase domain and an inactive pseudokinase domain. Interestingly, pathogenic mutations mainly occur in the regulatory pseudokinase domain.
Due to its critical pathogenic role, JAK2 has become an important therapeutic target. The four currently approved JAK2 inhibitors relieve symptoms but do not heal the patient or affect survival. These drugs target the highly conserved kinase domain and affect both normal and mutated JAK2 and, due to side effects, carry a black box warning that limits their use in elderly, cardiac and cancer patients. The selective inhibition of pathogenic JAK2 is a key pending goal in drug discovery that requires a precise mechanistic understanding of the regulation of JAK2 activation.
Continue Reading.
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Buenos Aires organismo vivo,
La ciudad que vive. Un monstruo de Frankenstein de múltiples fundaciones fertilizada por guerras entre malones y conquistadores, migrantes explotados, mafias y un estado tomado por crueles de vil mente.
La sangre fluye entre las primeras curtiembres y alimenta la formación de las primeras células del aparato digestivo de algo mayor. La hematopoiesis y angiogenesis comienzan pronto ya que Leviathan crece furioso, hambriento, angurriento de la carne, tu carne y la mía. Carece de un centro de poderes como una medusa estructurada en pólipos que se autogenera producto de una relación entre partes que surgen el infinito. El Gestalt de Gestalts del que sos parte y nunca lo vas a saber. Tu pertenencia a las innumerables carnes asfálticas no tiene redención.
El concreto se hincha respirando, cede para caer achatado. En las fauces, en las entrañas el calor pudre efemérides cadáveres teñidos por polvo y talco para pies mientras crece la criatura del vientre nutrida por una amalgama carnal del conurbano, porteñaje y cada esquina argentina posible.
Porque cuando llegaron ellos con su dios y lo mezclaron con el dios indio empezó otro ser. Primero se juntaron los jugos linfáticos en las puntas de las lanzas y perdigones de balas para luego ser en olores y sudores de cuerpos distorsionados. Los huesos crepitaban y las caras de las deidades fusionaban a los gritos su existencia hasta que llegó el vacío. Entre la oscuridad empezó la llama.
Y después, después llegaste vos.
#me#ciudad de buenos aires#buenos aires#writing#poetry#poema en español#poems and poetry#literatura#escrituras#argentina
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Hematopoiesis
Hematopoietic as anything, spinning thing spun around again
for some count, countenance of a mechanism assuring it's in the works
wheels around, feels obligated to say, says so smiling,
feels around for convincing words like an instigation machine.
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3 good things
1. my new tbl group is really nice
2. path lab was okay, i remembered a lot of hematopoiesis stuff
3. ate some noodles 🍜
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Osseous Tissue
-- hard, calcified matrix
-- has collagen fibers
-- osteocytes found in lacunae
-- osteocytes are well-vascularized
-- provides levers for muscular action
-- supports and protects
-- stores:
-> calcium
-> minerals
-> fat
-- marrow is inside bones
-- hematopoiesis occurs in marrow
.
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#studyblr#notes#my notes#biology#bio#human biology#human bio#anatomy#human anatomy#anatomical structures#anatomical vocabulary#anatomical variation#medblr#medical notes#med notes#human anatomical structures#anatomy and physiology#anatomy & physiology#life science#biological science#biology notes#bio notes#general biology#introductory biology#gen bio#intro bio#introduction to biology#science#sciences#health science
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All about the Boldenone steroid cycle
Boldenone Summary
Boldenone is a member of the anabolic steroid family, intended primarily for the veterinary market to improve the performance of horses. It was quickly brought into the bodybuilding world for its effects on strength and muscle mass gain.
Boldenone for Bodybuilding is a moderate androgenic anabolic steroid compared to its competitors like Nandrolone or Dianabol. Boldenone Undecylenate is its main active ingredient. It is a synthetic steroid that mimics the action of natural testosterone. Its effect is much more subtle than other forms of steroids.
It remains in the body for a long time, so it is still possible to detect it after 5 months of taking it. It is not recognized as exogenous testosterone at low doses and therefore has fewer androgenic effects. Boldenone acts directly on the blood system by increasing hematopoiesis (production of red blood cells).
It has been used primarily for veterinary purposes to increase the physical appearance and performance of horses. But, thanks to its exceptional results, the bodybuilding world quickly seized on it to improve the muscle mass of athletes and their physical and sporting performance. Following several undesirable effects, it became illegal to use it.
Posology of Boldenone
Boldenone is an injectable solution that is administered intramuscularly, especially in the buttocks, arms, or thighs. However, it is important to avoid injecting it into the same area, to prevent the formation of an oily abscess. If possible, the injection points should be changed regularly.
Boldenone works by increasing the level of testosterone in the body. It improves the process of protein synthesis in the body and promotes muscle gain. The metabolic rate is also increased, which is responsible for fat melting.
Boldenone promotes faster muscle growth by increasing testosterone levels in the body. Protein levels in the body are also stimulated. All of this contributes to faster muscle gain.
Boldenone is taken for at least 10 weeks. Because of its relatively long undecylenate ester, boldenone is required with more extended use. The average dose for men is 400 mg to 1000 mg per week, but generally, the 500-600 mg dose is maintained.
On the other hand, Buy Boldenone for women is becoming increasingly popular, as the risk of masculinization is virtually zero. The recommended dose is 50-100 mg per week for women. Of course, the dosage varies according to the individual, and his physical and general health conditions.
Benefits of Boldenone
Boldenone is particularly known for its remarkable effects on physical appearance. Here are the main properties of this steroid:
Strong protein synthesis: its anabolic action similar to Anavar allows for the secretion of much more testosterone and therefore promotes protein synthesis. As a result, muscle mass gain is more consistent.
Increased physical energy: Boldenone increases insulin secretion. This increases the consumption of carbohydrates, amino acids, and minerals to increase the overall energy level. As a result, you have more appetite because more calories are needed to meet energy requirements.
Increased physical strength: Since Boldenone steroid is both anabolic and androgenic, it greatly increases physical strength as well as sports performance.
Prevents loss of muscle mass: its anti-catabolic action helps prevent muscle wasting during the dry period.
Better oxygenation of blood vessels: blood circulation is optimized thanks to its vasodilator action. Thus, the consumer has better oxygenation and thus, better endurance during the sessions.
Post-cycle therapy or PCT is an essential process that every athlete must go through after the end of the cycle. The goal of all PCT is to bring the body back to its normal state so that it can start producing testosterone naturally again.
Possible Side effects
Because the use of boldenone is illegal, it is important to take all necessary precautions before taking it. There are always side effects after taking steroids. These effects can range from mild to severe, depending on your body, lifestyle and several other parameters.
The steroid Boldenone carries many health risks across several aspects. Being a direct derivative of testosterone, an overdose of Boldenone can significantly disrupt the hormonal aspect of the individual.
The following side effects can be mentioned:
Hormonal deficiencies,
Decreased or increased libido,
Erectile dysfunction,
Ejaculation problems,
Gynecomastia: development of the chest in men,
Fertility problems in men and women,
Virilization: deeper voice, menstrual cycle disturbance, and hair growth in women,
Testicular atrophy,
Disruption of testosterone secretion,
Renal and hepatic lesions,
Hepatotoxicity: liver toxicity,
Cardiac problems: Boldenone can increase the risk of thickening of arterial walls. A phenomenon that increases the risk of heart disease.
High blood pressure: excessive use of Boldenone can lead to an increase in blood pressure and thus promote cardiovascular disease.
Conclusion
You may see results with Boldenone in the first eight weeks, and they will continue to improve in the following weeks. It is not safe to take Boldenone continuously. You should limit the use of this medication to a maximum cycle of twenty weeks.
Boldenone is also used to achieve quality lean mass and increase muscle strength and endurance, although the results are quite slow when compared to other products. It can be used alone or layered with other anabolic steroids.
Recovery is also improved with the use of Boldenone, especially in cases of joint pain. In a reduction cycle, Boldenone works very well to protect lean muscle mass. As this occurs during cutting, calories are lean muscle tissue that can disappear to support the energy the body needs.
Using Equipoise during a reduction cycle will prevent this and add some conditioning effects to the physique. Experienced steroid users use Boldenone at the end of their cutting cycle because of the possibility of estrogenic activity.
The amount of muscle mass that can be gained with Boldenone varies from person to person. This is not a constant for everyone, as each individual responds differently to this drug and the results will also be determined by many factors such as the dosage you take, the type of diet you follow, and the aggressiveness of your training program.
When you want to find Boldenone for Sale USA, you need to make sure that you take a good and reputable brand that has proven its quality for years to get better results.
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This chest radiograph shows bilateral paraspinal masses throughout the posterior mediastinum. In addition, there is medullary expansion of several posterior ribs (esp the left 4th and 5th ribs).
The combination of rib expansion and paraspinal masses is essentially diagnostic of extramedullary hematopoiesis. Differential diagnosis includes hemoglobinopathies and myeloproliferative disorders. This patient had beta-thalassemia major.
Case courtesy of Dr. Eric Stern, University of Washington.
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Breaking New Ground: Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) - Drug Pipeline Landscape
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare and potentially life-threatening blood disorder characterized by the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells, leading to symptoms such as hemolytic anemia, thrombosis, and fatigue. Despite its rarity, Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) presents significant challenges for patients and healthcare providers alike. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on advancing treatment options for PNH, with numerous pharmaceutical companies and research institutions actively engaged in developing new therapies. This article aims to explore the evolving landscape of drug development for PNH, highlighting promising candidates in the pipeline and the potential impact on patient care and outcomes.
The current standard of care for PNH includes the use of complement inhibitors, such as eculizumab (Soliris), which targets the complement cascade to prevent the excessive destruction of red blood cells. While eculizumab has demonstrated efficacy in managing PNH symptoms and improving quality of life for many patients, there remains a need for alternative treatment options, particularly for individuals who experience suboptimal response or develop resistance to existing therapies.
In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of novel therapeutics targeting different aspects of the pathophysiology of PNH. One area of focus is the inhibition of complement components beyond C5, such as C3 or alternative pathway factors, to achieve more comprehensive and targeted control of the underlying disease process. Several investigational drugs with this mechanism of action are currently in clinical trials, showing promising results in early-stage studies.
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Another emerging approach in PNH drug development involves the modulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to restore normal red blood cell production and immune function. Gene therapy and gene editing technologies hold potential in this regard, offering the possibility of correcting genetic mutations or dysregulated gene expression associated with PNH. While still in the experimental stages, these innovative therapies represent a promising avenue for long-term disease management and potential cure.
Furthermore, there is growing interest in the development of adjunctive therapies for PNH, aimed at addressing complications such as thrombosis and bone marrow failure, which can significantly impact patient morbidity and mortality. Investigational drugs targeting platelet activation, coagulation pathways, and bone marrow microenvironment are being evaluated for their potential to reduce thrombotic risk, improve hematopoiesis, and enhance overall clinical outcomes in PNH.
Despite the progress made in PNH drug development, challenges remain in translating promising preclinical and early-stage findings into clinically viable therapies. Regulatory requirements, patient recruitment, trial design, and funding constraints all pose significant hurdles in the drug development process. Additionally, the rarity of PNH presents unique challenges in conducting clinical trials, including the limited pool of eligible patients and the need for international collaboration and patient registries to facilitate research efforts.
In conclusion, the landscape of drug development for Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria is rapidly evolving, with multiple promising candidates in the pipeline offering hope for improved treatment options and outcomes for patients. While significant challenges remain, continued investment in research and collaboration among stakeholders in the pharmaceutical industry, academia, and patient advocacy groups hold the potential to unlock new therapeutic avenues and transform the management of this rare and complex blood disorder.
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Stanford Medicine researchers have found that a common blood condition associated with several diseases may have a protective effect against Alzheimer's disease.
In the condition, clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential, or CHIP, certain blood stem cells acquire mutations that strengthen their ability to survive and multiply. As a result, the mutant cells dominate, and just a few cells can give rise to much or even all of the body's blood and immune cells. In most cases of CHIP, a dominant blood stem cell gives rise to between 4% and 30% of blood and immune cells.
Studies by Stanford Medicine assistant professor of pathology Siddhartha Jaiswal, MD, PhD, and others have shown that people with CHIP are at much higher risk of developing various diseases. By analyzing medical databases and stored blood samples, Siddhartha and his colleagues have shown that people with CHIP are about twice as likely to develop coronary heart disease, twice as likely to develop chronic liver disease and 10 times as likely to develop blood cancers such as myeloid leukemias.
Researchers don't yet fully understand why CHIP is linked to diseases other than blood cancer, though some studies have suggested that CHIP mutations cause increased activation of the immune system.
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Understanding the Role of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Test in Inflammatory Disorders
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a vital cytokine involved in regulating immune responses and inflammation within the body. Testing for IL-6 levels can provide valuable insights into various health conditions, particularly those associated with inflammation and autoimmune disorders. This article aims to elucidate the significance of the IL-6 test, its procedure, and interpretation.
What is Interleukin-6 (IL-6)?
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine produced by various cells in the body, including immune cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. It plays a crucial role in orchestrating immune responses, inflammation, and hematopoiesis (the production of blood cells).
Uses of the IL-6 Test:
1. Assessment of Inflammatory Conditions:
Elevated levels of IL-6 are often indicative of acute or chronic inflammation. The IL-6 test can help diagnose and monitor conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and certain infections.
2. Evaluation of Autoimmune Disorders:
IL-6 is involved in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and systemic sclerosis. Monitoring IL-6 levels can aid in assessing disease activity and guiding treatment decisions.
3. Prediction of Cardiovascular Risk:
Elevated IL-6 levels have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, such as heart attack and stroke. Measuring IL-6 levels may help identify individuals at higher risk and facilitate preventive interventions.
4. Monitoring Cancer Therapy:
IL-6 is implicated in cancer-related inflammation and tumor progression. Monitoring IL-6 levels during cancer treatment can provide insights into treatment response and potential side effects, such as cytokine release syndrome.
Procedure:
The IL-6 test typically involves obtaining a blood sample through venipuncture. The procedure is similar to other blood tests and is performed by a trained healthcare professional. The collected blood sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.
Interpretation of Results:
Interpretation of IL-6 test results depends on various factors, including the individual's age, gender, and underlying health conditions. Elevated IL-6 levels may indicate:
- Active inflammation or infection
- Autoimmune disorders
- Cardiovascular risk
- Cancer-related inflammation
Conversely, low IL-6 levels are generally considered normal but may vary depending on the individual's health status.
Conclusion:
The IL-6 test is a valuable tool in assessing inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, predicting cardiovascular risk, and monitoring cancer therapy. By measuring IL-6 levels, healthcare providers can better understand the underlying pathophysiology of various diseases and tailor treatment strategies accordingly. However, it is essential to interpret IL-6 test results in conjunction with clinical findings and other diagnostic tests for accurate diagnosis and management of patients' health conditions.
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Delving into Hematology: Unveiling the Intricacies of Blood Physiology
Blood, the life-sustaining fluid coursing through our veins, is a testament to the remarkable complexity of the human body. Hematology, the study of blood and its disorders, delves into the intricate physiology of hematopoiesis, blood clotting mechanisms, and immune responses. In this captivating exploration, we embark on a journey through the crimson rivers of the circulatory system, unraveling…
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