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kjelleruprobertson34 · 9 months

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Well Being: Is Keto Food Plan Safe For The Liver

Your healthcare supplier can use a big selection of enzyme and protein blood tests to check for certain health situations. For instance, elevated liver enzymes could probably be a sign of liver disease. If you have high levels of liver enzymes in your blood, you have elevated liver enzymes. High liver enzyme levels could additionally be temporary, or they might be an indication of a medical situation like hepatitis or liver illness. In cholangitis with incomplete extrahepatic obstruction, patients may have normal or barely raised serum bilirubin concentrations and high serum alkaline phosphatase exercise. Serum alkaline phosphatase is also produced in bone, and bone illness might complicate the interpretation of irregular alkaline phosphatase exercise. The bile duct and pancreatic duct join on the duodenum, which is the primary part of the small gut. In situations where blood sugar supplies are low, the physique will preserve glucose for the mind, red blood cells, and kidneys. When this happens, the liver can produce an alternate gas supply from fat, often identified as ketones, by way of a course of referred to as ketogenesis. See your physician, however, should you experience unexplained weight loss, abdominal pain, jaundice, or different signs and signs that hassle you. Liver perform tests embody a quantity of different markers and should be interpreted with respect to every individual, together with their medical history, symptoms, and family historical past. If the liver is damaged or contaminated, it would release sure chemical compounds that can be detected throughout routine bloodwork. If the liver values show elevations further diagnostics are often required to substantiate the liver disease and get a diagnosis. In some instances, veterinarians might recommend no additional investigation if the liver values are solely slightly elevated or there’s a known cause (e.g. rising dogs will usually have elevated ALP due to the B-ALP a serotype produced by bones). Elevation in ALT shows there has been injury to the hepatocytes but that doesn’t mean there's undoubtedly liver illness as diseases outdoors the liver may cause elevated ALT also (pre-liver). Examples include heart disease, intestinal irritation, and extreme dental illness. elevated liver and pancreas enzymes Some slow growing tumors may be surgically removed, because the liver is able to regenerate even if a big portion is removed. Your veterinarian will typically carry out an initial blood panel to get a baseline for their values, and proceed to check them on the hour mark. Your pup could additionally be positioned on IV fluids, receive fluid additives to restore any deficits, injectable drugs for any symptom management, and any other remedies which may be recommended for their current state of affairs. ALP is an enzyme that is found in highest concentration in the liver and the bone. Side effects might include fainting, extreme bleeding and an infection, but these are rare. These are symptoms of your pancreatic functions beginning to interrupt down. If you lay your right hand across your stomach, that's roughly the size and form of your pancreas behind it.

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lindseyburgess37 · 9 months

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Carbohydrate Antigen Ca 19-9 Labcorp

After further evaluations, it was confirmed she had early-stage gallbladder cancer and was capable of take action. Lipase is a sort of digestive enzyme or "digestive juice." It helps your body digest fats. Most of your lipase is made in your pancreas, an organ situated behind the lower part of your stomach. Lipase can also be made in your salivary (spit) glands and in your stomach. For most types of tumors, a biopsy is the one sure way for the doctor to know if an space of the physique has a tumor. In a biopsy, the physician takes a small sample of tissue for testing in a laboratory. If a biopsy just isn't attainable, the physician might recommend other tests that may assist make a diagnosis. About 15 percent to 20 p.c of patients with pancreatic cancer are identified early sufficient that their tumor could be eliminated surgically. does elevated pancreatic enzymes mean cancer A level lower than 40 mg/dL is considered low (and is a threat factor for coronary heart disease), while a level of 60 mg/dL or larger is considered protective in opposition to heart illness. Thyroid issues can have an effect on cholesterol levels, with hypothyroidism often causing a rise in cholesterol. Thus, a Lipid Panel test may be helpful in managing thyroid issues by monitoring cholesterol levels and adjusting treatment as needed. High LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels, or low HDL cholesterol levels, can lead to the development of atherosclerosis, which might cause strokes if arteries supplying the mind are affected. Further to this, the vast majority of research have assessed the utility of diagnostic biomarkers in sufferers with symptomatic illness, somewhat than as a surveillance or screening biomarker in the common inhabitants. Blood tests can consider the function of the gallbladder, liver, and pancreas. Levels of the pancreatic enzymes amylase and lipase can be measured. Blood tests can even check for signs of associated conditions, together with an infection, anemia (low blood count), and dehydration. A tumor marker referred to as CA 19-9 could also be checked if pancreatic cancer is suspected. Several attempts to improve the present diagnostic methods for pancreatic cancer and in flip its prognosis. Elevated levels of ALT and AST, for example, could recommend liver cell injury or illness. High bilirubin levels might point to impaired liver operate or a blocked bile duct. These tests additionally assess albumin levels, which mirror the liver's ability to supply proteins, and alkaline phosphatase levels, which might point out bile duct or liver injury. Changes in the quantity or percentage of various varieties of white blood cells can present insights into numerous well being conditions. An increase in neutrophils, for instance, might point out an acute infection, whereas a rise in lymphocytes could also be seen in persistent infections or sure types of cancers. The secretin stimulation test is a sort of pancreatic operate test that’s somewhat extra invasive than a blood test or stool test.

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mayerdohn66 · 10 months

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Acute Pancreatitis: Signs, Treatment, Causes, And Issues

My wife and I just bought a model new house and were in the strategy of decorating it and putting within the landscaping. When gallstones cause a severe attack of acute pancreatitis, the remedy plan may include attempts to remove the stone(s). Unintended weight reduction is fairly common in individuals with pancreatic cancer. Veterinarians diagnose hepatic lipidosis based on a cat's history, bodily examination findings, blood tests, and abdominal ultrasonography. The diagnosis is confirmed by analyzing a sample of the liver taken with an ultrasound-guided needle. To diagnose some causes of hepatic lipidosis, a larger biopsy must be taken during surgery. This test is used to seek out out if you might have a condition that impacts your pancreas or salivary glands. The alpha-2 adrenergic receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) current in all kinds of tissues, corresponding to vascular clean muscle, coronary arteries, salivary glands and the gastrointestinal tract. Its particular actions on the gastrointestinal tract embody contraction of sphincters and decreased motility of the graceful muscle inside the gastrointestinal tract [4, 5]. Activation of the alpha-2 receptor causes contraction of the hepato-pancreatic sphincter (sphincter of oddi), resulting in obstruction of pancreatic enzyme move through the pancreatic duct, resulting in acute pancreatitis. Like IL-6, they're usually not utilized in clinical follow and are more expensive than sometimes used tests. Abdominal radiographs have a limited role in acute pancreatitis. In some circumstances, the inflammatory process might harm peripancreatic structures, resulting in a colon cut-off signal, a sentinel loop, or an ileus. The presence of calcifications within or across the pancreas might indicate persistent pancreatitis. Serum amylase and lipase levels are usually elevated in individuals with acute pancreatitis. In research research, amylase or lipase levels a minimal of 3 instances above the reference vary are typically considered diagnostic of acute pancreatitis. Thus, this method appears to carry promise for the therapy of patients with ALD. Although alcoholic beverages comprise energy, analysis means that underneath sure conditions these energy wouldn't have as much worth for the physique as those derived from other nutrients. In addition, many alcoholics suffer from malnutrition, which might result in liver harm and impaired liver perform. Many drinkers take in lower than the really helpful day by day quantity of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nutritional vitamins (A, C, and B, especially thiamine [B1]), and minerals (such as calcium and iron). Of the three enzymes, GGT is one of the best indicator of excessive alcohol consumption, but GGT is present in lots of organs and is elevated by different medicine as well, so high GGT levels do not necessarily mean the patient is abusing alcohol. In addition, they could also have fever, loss of urge for food, weight loss, fatigue, night time sweats, joint pains and body aches. Celiac disease is a genetic autoimmune disorder that impacts both kids and grownup. If a child has celiac illness, consuming gluten will cause harm to finger-like projections, called villi, in the lining of the kid's small intestines. This, in flip, interferes with the small intestine’s capability to absorb vitamins in food, leading to malnutrition and a wide selection of different issues. The protein in wheat, barley, rye and oats collectively called “gluten” cause the immune system to form antibodies which then assault the villi. These youngsters with Celiac illness might undergo from symptoms corresponding to belly bloating, pain, gas, diarrhea, constipation, weight reduction, anemia, progress issues, and short stature. high liver enzymes cancer Many completely different tumours may occur inside the liver – some simply affecting the liver (primary liver tumours), some which have spread to the liver from elsewhere (secondary liver tumours). Unfortunately many liver tumours carry a poor prognosis, but this is not invariably the case and with some tumours (eg, lymphoma) chemotherapy could also be possible. Tumours confined to one lobe of the liver can also be amenable to surgical resection. Alcohol consumption and smoking cigarettes can improve the danger of pancreatitis. It is strongly really helpful quitting smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol to stop pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis is much less common and results in 86,000 hospital stays per year. In AP, the serum biochemical indexes of the liver often change, and adjustments in liver function will have an effect on the severity and prognosis of AP. Several drugs can elevate GGT levels, such as phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, valproic acid, cimetidine, heparin, methotrexate, furosemide, isotretinoin, and acetaminophen. Likewise, oral contraceptives also can raise the enzyme’s serum level. The size of time you'll have the ability to successfully scale back GGT depends on your actions to deliver the degrees down. For example, if you hand over alcohol, you can see your GGT levels decrease considerably after a month.

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l3irdl3rain · 2 months

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Merrill update under the cut, it’s long.

TLDR: she is very sick. Many of the things are treatable, but also she has cancer and I won’t put a 20 year old cat through chemo. So far she is showing minimal symptoms (sleeping more, less appetite). I’m hoping we can get the treatable things under control and we’ll have some good time left before the cancer really starts to affect her.

Radiologist said the “mass” that looked like it was on her heart is actually most likely just a bronchial cyst. I would need to go get a CT scan done to know for sure.

It’s not affecting her much yet, she just snores and when we were drawing blood she got a bad attitude and it made her wheezy. We can’t medicate for that yet bc the meds would upset her pancreatitis. So if we get the pancreatitis under control we can start medicating her for that.

Her bloodwork does show that she has some kind of cancer. I’m not going to chase after what kind it is because that would require a bone marrow test. Which is both painful and expensive. I’m not interested in putting a 20 year old cat through chemo, that would just be unfair to her, so ultimately it doesn’t make much of a difference what kind of cancer she actually has. It would just give me an idea of how quickly to expect things to progress. While that would be awesome to know, I don’t think it’s worth putting her through the testing.

We’re going to start by treating all the things we can and monitoring her for signs of any other issues. Definitely not what I was expecting to come from today. I figured there was a chance she’d have something small like hypertension or something, but definitely not for her to be falling apart all at once.

#my post #Merrill

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medicaljournals1 · 1 year

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When does Pancreatic Cancer show its early warning signs?

The development of malignant cells in the tissues of the pancreas, an organ in the abdomen that is essential for digestion and blood sugar management, results in pancreatic cancer. With only a 10% five-year survival rate, it is a very dangerous kind of cancer. Unfortunately, because pancreatic cancer sometimes doesn't show symptoms until it has progressed to other body areas, it is frequently difficult to diagnose early.

However, being aware of the early indicators of pancreatic cancer can assist raise the likelihood of early discovery, providing greater options for treatment and better results. The finest country in the world for treating pancreatic cancer is India. Understanding pancreatic cancer's early warning symptoms and its consequences in India are crucial.

Pancreatic Cancer: An Overview

Your pancreas is around 6 inches or 15 centimetres long and resembles a pear flipped on its side. Your body produces (secretes) chemicals like insulin to help it metabolise the sugar in the meals you eat. It also produces digestive juices to help in the digestion of meals and nutrient absorption.

The Functions of the Pancreas

The pancreas generates enzymes that aid in the digestion of food and hormones such as insulin that regulate blood sugar levels. It is deep within the abdomen, behind the stomach.

Different Kinds Pancreatic Cancer

There are two forms of pancreatic cancer:

Exocrine tumors

Endocrine tumors

Out of which Exocrine tumours, account for around 95% of cases, grow in cells that manufacture digestive enzymes. Endocrine tumours, also known as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PNETs), arise from cells that create hormones.

The Cause of Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer is the outcome of DNA alterations (mutations) in pancreatic cells. A cell's DNA contains the instructions that tell it what to do. These mutations give the cells the instructions to proliferate out of control and continue to exist after normal cells would die. As they accumulate, these cells may become a tumour.

The pancreas, a vital organ in the belly, is affected by pancreatic cancer, a dangerous and sometimes fatal condition. The likelihood of effective therapy increases with earlier pancreatic cancer detection. The importance of early detection and the early warning signals of pancreatic cancer will be covered in this blog.

Progression of Pancreatic Cancer

Although the primary aetiology of pancreatic cancer is unclear, various risk factors have been discovered. Age, family history, smoking and tobacco use, obesity and poor nutrition, chronic pancreatitis, and diabetes are all risk factors.

The Advantages of Early Detection

Early identification of pancreatic cancer can considerably improve treatment outcomes. When pancreatic cancer is detected early, it is more likely to be localised and treatable. Patients with early-stage pancreatic cancer have a substantially better chance of surviving than those with advanced illness.

Pancreatic Cancer Early Detection Challenges

One of the difficulties in detecting pancreatic cancer early is that the disease's early stages frequently do not present any symptoms. When symptoms occur, cancer may have already migrated to other regions of the body, making treatment more difficult.

Screening's Role in Early Detection

Screening techniques, such as imaging scans and blood testing, can aid in the early detection of pancreatic cancer. However, there is no standard pancreatic cancer screening test, and screening is often only suggested for patients who are at high risk for the illness.

Typical Early Warning Signs

Jaundice

It is a disorder in which the skin and eyes become yellow owing to bilirubin accumulation in the body. If the tumour is positioned in the head of the pancreas, where it might block the bile duct, this can be a symptom of pancreatic cancer.

Pain in the abdomen

One of the most prevalent signs of pancreatic cancer is abdominal discomfort. The discomfort is felt in the upper abdomen and might be severe or continual.

Unusual Weight Loss

Even if the person is eating appropriately, unexplained weight loss might occur. It's also a prevalent side effect of pancreatic cancer.

Appetite Suppression

Another symptom of pancreatic cancer is loss of appetite, which can be caused by a combination of causes such as pain and nausea.

Digestive Problems

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and constipation are all symptoms of pancreatic cancer.

Back Ache

If the tumour is in the body or the pancreas tail, back discomfort is a common symptom.

Pancreatic Cancer comes with multiple Risk Factors

Age: Pancreatic cancer risk increases with age, with most instances occurring in those over 60.

History of the Family: Those with a family history of pancreatic cancer are more likely to get the illness.

Tobacco Use and Smoking: Tobacco use and smoking are key risk factors for pancreatic cancer, with smokers being two to three times more likely than nonsmokers to get the illness.

Obesity and poor dietary habits: Obesity and a high-fat, processed-food diet have been related to an increased risk of pancreatic cancer.

Chronic pancreatitis: Prolonged pancreas inflammation increases the chance of developing pancreatic cancer.

Diabetes: Diabetics are at a slightly increased risk of acquiring pancreatic cancer.

Why is India the best place to seek treatment for pancreatic cancer?

India is well-known for having one of the greatest healthcare systems in the world. Indian Hospitals are outfitted with cutting-edge facilities and medical equipment, making them a popular destination for people seeking superior medical care. This is especially true for patients with pancreatic cancer, since India is home to some of the world's top pancreatic cancer treatment centres and specialists.

India is also recognised for valuing interdisciplinary treatment. This implies that patients are treated by a multidisciplinary team of professionals, including medical and surgical oncologists, radiologists, pathologists, and dietitians. This interdisciplinary approach guarantees that patients receive complete, individualised treatment that is customised to their specific need.

Furthermore, India is at the forefront of pancreatic cancer research, with many of its healthcare facilities conducting clinical trials and studies to create new and creative therapies. In India, patients have access to cutting-edge therapies like immunotherapy and targeted therapy.

Conclusion

India is one of the greatest places for pancreatic cancer treatment, with world-class hospitals, top doctors, and cutting-edge technology. Patients receive thorough and individualised therapy as a result of the emphasis on interdisciplinary care, while continuing research and clinical trials enable access to cutting-edge therapies. While the cost of therapy may be greater in India than in other countries, the quality of care and likelihood of success make it a top choice for patients seeking advanced pancreatic cancer treatment.

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cancertheraphy · 2 years

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Signs and Symptoms of Pancreatic Cancer

The pancreas is the main organ that helps in maintaining blood sugar levels in our body by releasing two major hormones glucagon and insulin. Insulin helps the cells to absorb glucose from food digested and glucagon provides nourishment to the body by increasing glucose level when it is low. The pancreas is located behind the stomach and plays a major role in digestion by providing enzymes required to digest proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.

Pancreatic cancer starts developing in the tissues of the pancreas. Several types of growth can occur in the pancreas, including cancerous and noncancerous tumours. The most common type of cancer that forms in the pancreas starts in the cells that line the ducts that carry digestive enzymes out of the pancreas (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma).

At Cancer Therapy India, we have the best pancreatic cancer doctors in India who are experts in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Symptoms of Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer is rarely detected at its initial stages when it's most curable. This is because it often doesn't cause any signs and symptoms until after it has spread to other organs. Pancreatic cancer often does not show any signs and symptoms until the disease is advanced. They may include:

Abdominal pain that radiates to your back

Sudden rise in blood sugar level

Tiredness and weakness

Excessive thirst or hunger

Yellowing of your skin

Whites of your eyes (jaundice)

Light-coloured stools

Dark-coloured urine

Itchy skin

Blood clots

Fatigue

If you experience any of these above signs or symptoms then consult the best pancreatic surgeon in India, or visit the best pancreatic cancer treatment centres in India.

Pancreatic Cancer Risk Factors

There are certain risk factors considered to result in pancreatic cancer.

Take food with high-fat content: Taking high-fat content food upgrades cholesterol levels in the body, which destroy the functionality of several organs in the body, considering the pancreas.

Diabetes: When sugar levels in the blood are not under control, it disorders the functionality of internal organs and causes heavy damage to them.

Smoking: Smoking is the major cause of many cancerous diseases. Smoking maximizes the production of cancer cells by destroying healthy ones.

Lack of Exercise and Obesity: Daily exercise is the right way to stay healthy. Working out regularly for at least 30 mins a day maintains your immune system healthy to fight against various deadly diseases. Obesity increases the growth of hormones which leads to hormonal imbalance that can result in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic Cancer Causes

The causes of pancreatic cancer are unknown. This type of cancer occurs when abnormal cells start to increase within the pancreas and form tumours.

Normally, healthy cells grow, increase and die in moderate numbers. In the case of cancer, abnormal cell production is increased, and these abnormal cells sometimes take over the healthy cells.

While researchers and doctors don't know what causes the changes in the cells, they do know some common factors that may maximize a person’s risk for developing this type of cancer.

The two major risk factors are inherited gene mutations and acquired gene mutations. Genes control the way cells act, so changes to those genes may lead to tumours.

Pancreatic Cancer Stages

When cancer is discovered, doctors will likely perform more tests to confirm whether the cancer has spread or not. Imaging tests, such as PET scan, help doctors to understand the presence of cancerous growths. Blood tests may also be used.

With these tests, doctors work to determine the cancer stage. Staging helps to understand how advanced the cancer is. It also helps a doctor to decide treatment options.

Once a diagnosis has been done, your doctor will assign a stage based on the test results:

Stage 1: tumours present in the pancreas only

Stage 2: tumours have spread to nearby abdominal tissues or lymph nodes

Stage 3: tumour has spread to lymph nodes and major blood vessels

Stage 4: tumours have spread to other organs also, such as the liver

Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis

Chances of life expectancy are more when pancreatic cancer is diagnosed earlier. However, the chances of early diagnosis are very less. Once your doctor knows the presence of pancreatic cancer, he/she would advise you to undergo a few of the following tests to diagnose the issue.

MRI or CT scans to get a detailed and complete picture of your pancreas

An endoscopic ultrasound, in which a camera attached to a thin flexible tube is inserted down into the stomach to capture images of the pancreas

Biopsy or tissue sample of the pancreas

Blood tests to spot the presence of a particular protein - CA19-9 in the blood, which verifies the presence of cancer.

Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer treatment depends on the various types of factors as:

the type of cancer

the stage of the cancer

the person’s health status, age, and other characteristics

the individual’s personal choices

The goal of treatment is to:

remove the cancer

relieve painful symptoms

Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are the most common treatment options used for pancreatic cancers. At Cancer Therapy India, We have a team of top cancer surgeons who are skilled and experts in these treatments.

Surgery

The option to use surgery to treat pancreatic cancer comes down to two things i.e., the location and stage of cancer. Surgery can remove all or some portion of the pancreas.

This can remove the original tumour, but it will not remove cancer that has spread to other areas of the body. Surgery may not be acceptable for people with advanced-stage pancreatic cancer for that reason.

Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy uses X-rays and other high-energy beams to destroy or kill cancer cells. This usually comes from a machine that moves around you, directing radiation rays to specific points on your body (external beam radiation). In specialized medical centres, this therapy may be given during surgery (intraoperative radiation).

Chemotherapy

In some cases, your doctor might combine other treatments with chemotherapy, which uses cancer-killing medicines to prevent further growth of cancer cells in the future.

Targeted therapy

This Therapy of cancer treatment uses drugs or other measures to specifically attack cancer cells and work to kill them. These drugs are mapped not to harm healthy or normal cells.

If you have any concerns regarding pancreatic cancer, then you can consult Cancer Therapy India. We are associated with some of the best hospitals for pancreatic surgery in India.

#hospitals #cancertheraphy #cancer #cureforcancer

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mprobeprecisioncare · 2 years

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A Beginner’s Guide to Breast Cancer Genetic Testing

According to researches, half of the people with a genetic mutation that is linked to the disease cannot do genetic testing after a breast cancer diagnosis. Approx. 5 to 10% of people suffer from breast cancer because of heredity. The most common three types of genes are BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2 which mutate and higher the risk of ovarian and breast cancer.

If women inherit any of these genes from their parents they have a higher risk of increasing breast cancer in their body. Mutations in these three genes are the main reason behind breast cancer in women. If you have a history of breast or ovarian cancer in your family, then contact the breast cancer genetic screening clinic to do a test.

Are You Suffering From Breast Cancer Because of Genetic Mutation?

Your relative has triple-negative breast cancer

There is a history of both ovarian and breast cancer on the same side of your family.

Any of your blood relatives like your mother, grandmother or aunt already suffered from breast cancer diagnosed before age 50.

If a man in your family had suffered from breast cancer.

You belong in Eastern European heritage

Your female family members have experienced cancer in both of their breasts.

Any of your family members experience cancer in other body parts like melanoma, prostate, stomach, uterine, pancreatic, sarcoma, thyroid and colon.

If you are black and are diagnosed with breast cancer before 35 years.

When does the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Recommend Genetic Testing?

If you are diagnosed with breast cancer at the age of 50, then you can visit a breast cancer genetic screening clinic. Having a known mutation in the family is also another reason for genetic testing. If a man in your family suffers from breast cancer, then there is a huge chance that you will also have a chance to have this disease in near future. The other scenarios are including:

If you are diagnosed with primary breast cancer.

If your near relatives were diagnosed with prostate cancer.

What Do Researchers Show?

A study has included approx. 959 people who are between 18 to 90 years old and they have also been diagnosed with breast cancer. The research has shown that about 6% were Black, 80% were white, 11% had a history of cancers, 7% were Asian and 65% had a family history of breast cancer.

Cancer is a Word, Not a Sentence

Undoubtedly, any cancer news can be bone-chilling to anyone. None of us want to go through the pain, tension and other therapies which are an integral part of having cancer. You may wonder what if any health analysis can alert you about this disease before it strikes root in your body. If this thought strikes your mind, then mProbe is the right destination for you.

#breast cancer genetic screening clinic

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nkemaghalives · 2 years

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Green Tea- Super Food or Just Another Fad?

Blogs,Business,Advice Everyone has heard of green tea, whether or not they are a tea drinker. It is the latest addition to every health freak's diet. From weight loss to blood pressure control, this super food claims to do it all. But does it really help? Or is it just flavoured, mildly caffeinated hot water? One cannot trust everything that is found on the internet.

So let me give you on a comprehensive guide to the truth about green tea- super food or fad. According to the National Cancer Institute, the polyphenols in tea have been shown to decrease tumour growth in laboratory and animal studies and may protect against damage caused by ultraviolet UVB radiation.

In countries where green tea consumption is high, cancer rates tend to be lower, but to link that to green tea may be far-fetched since there are other lifestyle factors to consider. One large-scale clinical study compared green tea drinkers with non-drinkers and found that those who drank the most tea were less likely to develop pancreatic cancer, particularly women, who were 50% less likely to develop the disease.

Many studies, on the other hand, have shown that there is no link between the green tea and cancer. In 2005, the FDA stated that "there is no credible evidence to support qualified health claims for green tea consumption and a reduced risk of gastric, lung, colon/rectal, oesophageal, pancreatic, ovarian, and combined cancers.

A 2006 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association concluded that green tea consumption is associated with reduced mortality due to all causes, including cardiovascular disease. The study followed over 40,000 Japanese participants between the ages of 40 and 79 for 11 years, starting in 1994.

The participants who drank at least 5 cups of green tea per day had a significantly lower risk of dying (especially from cardiovascular disease) than those who drank less than one cup of tea per day. An analysis of published studies in 2011 found that consuming green tea, either as a beverage or in capsule form, was linked to significant but modest reductions in total and LDL or "bad" cholesterol.

Another study found that consuming 10 cups of green tea per day can lower total cholesterol, however, consuming 4 cups or less had no effect on cholesterol levels. Studies concerning the relationship between green tea and diabetes have been inconsistent. Some have shown a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes for green tea drinkers than for those who consumed no tea, while other studies have found no association between tea consumption and diabetes at all.

Green tea may promote a small, non-significant weight loss in overweight and obese adults; however, since the weight lost in the studies were so minimal, it is unlikely that green tea is clinically important for weight loss. Research published in the journal Psychopharmacology in 2014 suggests that green tea can enhance our brain's cognitive functions, particularly the working memory.

The research team said their findings suggest that green tea could be promising in the treatment of cognitive impairments associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, such as dementia. In a study published in 2011, researchers tested the effect of a component of green tea, CAGTE, after it had been digested, to see how it affected a key protein in Alzheimer's disease. The study showed that at high concentrations, CAGTE protected the cells from the toxic effects of the protein amyloid-beta.

The Alzheimer's Society commented that, "this study adds to previous research that suggests green tea might help to reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease. However, the researchers used a far higher dose of the active green tea chemical than would ever be found in the human body. More research is needed to see whether green tea is protective at a much lower dose, and to understand the mechanism involved.

Thus while green tea does help in treating many conditions, there is not enough evidence to support its claim for other diseases. It certainly is not a bad addition to your diet! see link if you want to loose weight : @analexzing | Linktree

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peterrparrkerr · 3 years

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Hit mad falls in love with target - read on ao3

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Peter waved frantically at Tony when he walked into the lab, eyes glued to a computer screen.

"Tony, quick! Look!" He demanded, nearly vibrating in his chair.

Tony made his way over, hands clasped behind his back as he leaned over Peter's shoulder.

"Isn't it awesome?" The young man asked, waving his hands around.

"What am I looking at?" Tony asked.

"Its cancer," Peter said. He points to different colored lines in the graph, all jagged and fluctuating. "This is breast cancer, and this one is pancreatic, skin, lung."

Tony hums as Peter continues to list each colored line as a different form of cancer.

"I was able to isolate the individual cells from everything else, and- look, look!"

Peter snatches Tony by the shirt sleeve and tugs him from one monitor to the one on the other side of the lab. He taps his fingers on the screen, bouncing on his heels.

"These are the cells after being treated with non-radioactive therapy," Peter said, looking up at Tony. "The number of cancer cells is cut in half within a week!"

Peter then drags Tony across the lab again, babbling excitedly as he does so. "Do you know what this means? This means we can start human testing! And we can market the treatment for practically nothing!"

He shows Tony a live feed of the treatment in action from a TV monitor.

"Think about the possibilities," Peter grinned. "Anyone can get treated, no matter their financial standing. And the treatment isn't as harmful as chemo or radiation. It doesn't attack the body as a whole, it isolates the cancer cells and leaves the rest of the body alone.

"No more hair loss or side effects. And we could cut remission in half too," Peter said. "Just think, this time next year, we could start selling to hospitals all over the world."

Tony smiles down at the younger man. He had known within the first day of meeting Peter that he wouldn't be able to follow through. He's glad he hadn't.

"Have you told anybody else?" He asks casually.

"Ned knows," Peter said. "And Bruce, but they were here when it happened."

"Where are they now?"

Peter gives Tony a wry smile, still too excited about his treatment working.

"I sent them home a couple hours ago," he said. "We've all been awake for almost three days, so I'm sure they've gone to bed already."

"You should be in bed too, don't you think?" Tony asked, raising an eyebrow.

Peter waves him off, shaking his head as he goes to his work desk. "I'll sleep later," he said, pulling his lab coat off and draping it over the chair.

He's dressed in his usual outfit; comfortable pants and a button up.

"Plus, I knew you'd make your rounds around this time, and I wanted to tell you," Peter said with a grin, grabbing his personal items.

That was part of Tony's cover. A janitor for the building Peter worked for. Hes wearing a navy blue jump suit, though he's left the cart out in the hallway.

"I'll walk you to your car," Tony hums, leading the way out. When he'd first started this, he'd offered his company to get closer to Peter -to find his vulnerabilities.

Now though, he does it because he's protecting the young scientist.

He'd skipped out with 45 thousand dollars paid to kill the boy, but as the days had gone on, and Peter had grown comfortable with him, Tony realized he couldn't steal him from the world.

Peter was incredible. He worked tirelessly to find a cure for cancer. He's already created a new insulin for diabetes that he's made available to everyone for only $10 a month -something not many other medical professionals liked.

Peter was making enemies left and right, and Tony decided to make it his job to keep him breathing. If not for the rest of his life, then for as long as it takes for the young scientist to see an end to cancer.

The boy wasn't getting much in terms of money for his creations. In fact, from what Tony's come to learn, the boy doesn't own a car, and rents an apartment with his aunt.

He sees enough to live paycheck to paycheck and this new treatment won't do much to better his life, but he's not concerned with money. He wants to make Healthcare more effective and affordable.

Tony's got morals. Enough of them to know when a hit is a bad investment. That didn't stop him from taking his payment anyway.

The two make it to the car park. Its dark, the overhead lights buzzing annoyingly. Its empty, save for a couple cars belonging to a few of the security guards, and the car Peter shares with his aunt.

It's an older model, grey paint chipping and metal beneath rusting near the wheels. Peter talks animatedly beside him, lands flailing in front of him.

Tony glances around them, scowling as he takes in the familiar cement structure.

"Wait," Tony says, just as Peter's pulling the keys from his pocket. They're a couple feet away from the car, and the hairs on Tony's arms and neck stand on end.

"What is it?" Peter asked curiously, reaching for the door handle.

It's just as Peter grips the handle that Tony sees the wire connected to the metal lock on the other side of the glass.

Tony is quick to react, grabbing Peter by the arms and wrenching him away from the door.

Peter yelps in surprise, but its cut out by the sound of a small explosion. Tony braces for the blast of air that knocks the two off their feet, and grits his teeth at the heat that follows.

Peter's pressed against the cement, Tony weighing down on him. His ears ring, but he quickly gets to his feet, unzipping his jumpsuit and grabbing the .9 mm from the waistband of his jeans.

The car is ablaze, crackle-popping and sizzling. Its just the cab thats on fire, but Tony knows its only a matter of seconds before the flames reach the engine and the fuel line.

Tony looks around him, trying to find the culprit -though he knows from experience that the man won't be here.

He grabs Peter by the armpits and pulls him to his feet. Blood smears against his forehead and jaw. His hands and arms are scraped up and Tony can tell his knees are busted too, but it doesn't look like anything damaging.

"We gotta go," Tony urges, already half dragging the younger back towards the building.

"You-you have a gun," Peter gapes, stumbling after Tony, arm in the older's hard grip. "Why do you have a gun?"

Tony reaches the door for the stairwell.

"I'm a hired gun," Tony said, glancing up, then down, gun following his eyeline before pushing Peter towards the stairs going up.

"I thought you were a janitor," Peter gasped, climbing the stairs and swaying. Tony places his free hand on Peter's lower back.

"Thats just a front," Tony confessed. "We got to get you out of here."

"Someone blew up my car," Peter said, panting as they continue up to the first floor. "Aunt May is gonna kill me."

"Not if Buck doesn't kill you first," Tony grunted, pulling Peter out of the stairwell and into the main lobby.

Tony's car is around the side of the building, but its open to attack. Tony can't keep Peter trapped inside the building though, so he risks it.

Their feet slap loudly on the asphalt as they run for the nondescript black SUV Tony had taken to driving.

He checks around the vehicle, under and inside before issuing Peter into the back seat.

Tires screech as Tony peels out of the parking lot.

"What- whats happening? Tony, what- why do-"

"Someones trying to kill you, Peter," Tony said, blowing past the guard tower at the exit of the parking lot.

"But why?" Peter asked dumbly, voice slurring slightly as more blood turns the side of his face crimson.

"I'll answer all your questions when we're safe," Tony promised, eyes frantically shifting from the area ahead of him to the rear view mirror.

Peter must really be feeling the effects of his head slamming into the concrete, because he doesn't protest.

"Lay down," Tony orders, merging into traffic and slowing down. "Lay low until I say."

Peter does -Tony thinks mostly because of his head injury. Tony relaxes a little, knowing the scientist won't be gunned down in the back seat.

"Where are you taking me?"

"Somewhere safe," Tony answered, keeping an eye behind him.

He doesn't see a tail, but he takes a round-about way to his safe house, just outside of Queens.

When they get to the small cabin, Tony checks the building before helping Peter inside.

"I think I have a concussion," Peter mumbles, swaying on his feet as Tony guides him to the kitchen chair.

"I don't doubt it," Tony agrees, setting his gun down on the table beside Peter's elbow before grabbing the first aid kit.

He pulls another chair over in front of the young scientist and opens the red box.

"Let me see your hands," Tony orders. Peter does, palms up. Tony begins to clean them and his arms.

"Tony," Peter says, breaking the silence. Tony doesn't say anything. He reaches up to clean the blood from the side of Peter's cheek.

"Is your name actually Tony?"

Tony makes eye contact before nodding.

"And you're a hired gun?" Peter asks, slightly breathless. "Like, like a hitman?"

"Yes," Tony answers, reaching the cut on Peter's hairline. Peter winces, but doesn't pull away.

"You kill people for a living?"

"Yes."

It takes Peter a couple seconds, but it seems to hit him. Hes bolting to his feet, the chair clattering behind him.

Tony leans back into the chair, watching as Peter begins to pace.

"What- Tony, you have to tell me whats going on," Peter demands, hand on his head. Tony knows from experience that pacing tends to help the scientist expell excess energy.

"I will," Tony nods. Peter continues his pacing. Back and forth beside the kitchen counter.

"Why- why are people trying to kill me?" He demanded. "Who blew up my car?"

Tony sets the paper towels down on the table, knowing Peter won't sit still for him to properly tend to him.

"The one who blew up your car is another hitman," Tony said. "Goes by the name Winter Soldier."

"You called him Buck," Peter said, pointing an accusatory finger at Tony, eyes narrowed.

"I did," Tony nodded. "Hitmen tend to run in the same circles, though we don't always like each other. Bucky was probably hired to finish the job."

"Finish the job," Peter repeated dumbly. "I'm the job?"

Tony nods, once more letting Peter process. He knew Peter would figure it out without Tony's help. He was smart.

"Finish the job means someone already tried to- to kill me," Peter said, panting as he continued to pace. The wound at his hairline is bleeding sluggishly, dripping down his temple and towards his jaw.

Peter wipes at it without thought, smearing blood against his cheek. He pauses to look down at his hand, fingers glistening in red.

He touches his forehead again, as if remembering he's still injured, then turns to Tony, accusation and fear in his Bambi brown eyes.

"You," he said softly, in disbelief. "You were hired to kill me, weren't you."

"I was," Tony nodded.

"But you haven't," Peter said. Tony can practically see the gears turning behind his eyes. "And, and now whoever hired you hired the Winter Soldier."

Tony only nods. Peter takes a shuddering inhale and has to grip the counter with a bloody hand to stabilize himself.

"I'm- I'm- who- who would want to-to kill me?!"

"The payment was anonymous," Tony said. "Thats how it works. But whoever it is is threatened by you."

Peter looks at Tony incredulously. "Me? Why me? I'm the least threatening person -like- ever!"

"You've cost Big Pharma millions with your insulin," Tony said. "You've patented it, so they can't take it and upcharge the way they've been doing. And if your treatment for cancer is a success, you'd be costing them even more."

Peter takes a moment to process that before he nods. "Right, yeah. I knew I was going to make a lot of people mad about that, but. But I never expected anyone to actually try to kill me."

"Money is a powerful motive," Tony said, a little too much experience leaking into his tone.

Peter hears it, because he stops his pacing, shoulders dropping. Exhaustion seems to pull him towards the floor like an anvil tied to his spine.

He sways a little, and Tony's about to offer him the chair again, but he moves to it willingly. When he sits, their knees are barely touching, and he blinks dazedly at his bloody hand.

Tony grabs a clean rag and leans forward to clean up the blood from Peter's head. The younger lets him, still processing and no doubt sluggish from the concussion.

"Why didn't you?" Peter asked after Tony had taped gauze to his hairline. It was patchy and poorly done, but it would help.

"Why didn't I what," Tony hummed, using an alcoholic wet wipe to clean the remaining blood from Peter's hands. The boy winces at the burn to his scraped palms.

"Kill me," he said, swallowing thickly. "You had plenty of opportunity."

Tony sighed, setting the wipes down before leaning forward and looking Peter in the eye.

"Because I believe in the work you're doing," he said honestly. "And I'm going to make sure you finish it."

Peter blinks once, twice, before breaking eye contact and sighing, body eating to melt into the chair as the air leaves his lungs.

"Come on," Tony said, standing up and slipping the gun into the waistband of his pants. Then offering his hand. "This place is safe. Theres a bed you can sleep in."

"I shouldn't sleep with a concussion," Peter said weakly, taking Tony's offered hand anyway.

"Its mild, I'm sure you'll be fine," Tony mused, heading deeper into the cabin to the bedroom.

The bedroom isn't anything special. A twin bed in the corner, a four drawer dresser and a blackout curtain.

Peter climbs onto the bed, not bothering with the covers or taking his shoes off. Tony thinks its best he sleep with them on anyway, in case Bucky finds them.

Tony moves to leave, grabbing the handle, and Peter bolts upright again, eyes wide.

"You're okay," Tony promises. "I'll be right outside."

Peter gives the barest shake of his head. "Stay here, please," he says softly.

Tony nods, shutting the door and turning off the light before making his way to the side of the bed. Theres an old step stool there, and he sits down at the head of the bed.

Peter lays back down, body too tense to ever fall asleep. Tony keeps his ears attuned to any noise that could alert him to Bucky, or anyone else, gun sitting perfectly stop on his knee, finger off the trigger, but ready at a moments notice.

"Tony?"

"Yes, Peter."

Peter shuffles around, and Tony turns his head just in time to feel pillow soft lips connect with the corner of his mouth.

He can't help but smirk as Peter settles back down. "Thanks for not killing me."

Tony chuckles at that, leaning his head against the wall. "I may be a hitman, but I've got morals," he says into the dark room. "Besides, nobody likes cancer."

Peter laughs tiredly at that before reaching his hand out and grabbing Tony's. Their fingers interlock, and Tony doesn't really know which one of them initiated it.

"You're going to be okay," Tony continued. "I wont let anyone hurt you. You're safe with me."

"I know."

#marvel #tony stark #peter parker #ironman #starker #spiderman #my writing #ao3 #sfsummerbingo21

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fightingsail · 4 years

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This poor boy can’t win.

He spent all last night licking his paw - which is a thing he does, compulsively and has his whole life, so I didn’t think anything of it - and then this morning when I tried to take a look at it, saw blood and he snapped at me. So off to the vet immediately.

Turned out he’d just had a cut slightly under his pawpad, but had to be sedated for stitches. Due to his medications and age I opted for a blood test pre-sedation.

He ended up not needing stitches, they just flushed out the wound and gave him a pretty bandage for two days. But the blood test came up high on calcium and amylase - we’re going to redo the blood test next week after Harley has fasted. As was explained to me both those things are usually indicators of cancers - thyroid/lymph node for the first and pancreatic for the latter. She explained there are things that can make the calcium show up high when it isn’t, so she urged me not to panic til we’ve redone the test.

At which point we can then look at further diagnostic testing.

Ngl, I am panicking a little bit. Just trying to push it aside, focus on keeping Harley’s bandage dry (a task) and Harley from running into things while he’s still pretty drugged.

The worst is I’m travelling interstate the day before his blood test is scheduled, so I won’t even be here for it, or whatever results are. I am taking my brother to Sydney for surgery so it’s not something I can skip.

Please keep your fingers crossed for my boy.

#harley #tw cancer #personal

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tentlan85 · 3 years

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Peptide Bond.

Various Kinds Of Sarms Described Full Listing & What They Do.

Content

What Are The Best Sorts Of Sarms And Also Supplements For Bodybuilding?

Bicyclic Peptides: Types, Synthesis And Applications.

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Why Are Individuals Eating And Drinking Collagen?

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The perceived advantages of using these types of substances range from boosting the size and also definition of muscles, decreasing water retention as well as body fat, to increasing physical toughness and endurance. The team has actually embarked on scientific researches to show that C-peptide is an essential predictor of just how well a drug works in individual clients to certain diabetic issues medications. C-peptide is able to stratify reaction to an expensive treatment in insulin-treated diabetes mellitus meaning the test can identify people that will certainly not take advantage of this drug.

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I have actually been making use of collagen everyday for 3 months and my skin is definitely more youthful and fresher looking-- as well as it's difficult not to observe that my hair is growing faster than common. As the healthy protein that serves as the body's significant building block, collagen is important to overall health, well-being & vibrancy. Instances of peptide teams based on their function consist of hormones, neuropeptides, as well as alkaloids. Ribosomal peptides are created with mRNA translation whereas nonribosomal peptides (e.g. glutathione) are those produced by enzymes particular to every peptide as opposed to by a ribosome. Peptones are peptides that are not as common as the ribosomal and also nonribosomal peptides. In the image listed below the Recombinant Overlapping Peptide is the "Antigen" being presented to the T Cell Receptor. This then causes the growth of T Cells that will acknowledge the same pen on cancer cells resulting in their devastation.

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Treatment for an addiction to anabolic steroids will certainly resemble that of other sorts of dependency. As a number of artificial peptides hormones are speculative or not yet accepted for human usage, it is tough to determine the details harms they may trigger. IPEDs refer to substances that are usually utilized to boost muscle development (' anabolic' results) or to decrease body fat (' catabolic impacts').

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The evidence that reveals this partial double bond character is from the size of the bond. It is 0.13 Angstrom shorter than the C-N solitary bond yet not as short as a dual bond. Our non-GMO collagen healthy protein is crafted from four costs sources to provide you the widest series of health and wellness benefits. click here to signup with provensarms Purchase Sarms Online, Research Product Provider Uk sarms.com have actually attempted a lot of Collagen-brands, and I believe this set is it. It mixes quickly with no taste as well as it's also very budget friendly.

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Because the peptide was secure to make use of, the next step would certainly be a Stage II scientific trial, to examine if the therapy works at protecting against the development of Kind 1 diabetes mellitus. This MonoPepT1De research study was designed to see if peptide immunotherapy is secure and also to examine its result on the body immune system in people with Kind 1 diabetes. Peptide immunotherapy counts on injecting tiny healthy protein fragments to 're-train' the immune system and quit it striking the pancreatic, possibly avoiding or decreasing Kind 1 diabetic issues. Researchers at King's College London, supported in part by Diabetes UK, and Cardiff University have shown that a peptide immunotherapy is safe to use in people with Type 1 diabetes. While there is study to recommend collagen supplements can benefit your skin, even more researches are required to obtain a clear-cut response. Dr Mahto doesn't think collagen supplements will certainly be unsafe, particularly in the doses readily available. A raising number edible collagen-containing items are appearing in the stores.

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It is a poisonous substance discovered in some plants like seed of black mustard etc . It is a yellowish-brown compound having bitter preference which is created by alteration of the anthraquinone framework by including a sugar particle. This bond is created as a result of a response between the carbonyl team of a carb or its derivate as well as a hydroxyl group of some other substance. The carbonyl team of carbohydrate may belong of an aldehydic team or a ketonic group.

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Our personal preference is powder format as with a pure collagen powder you are getting 100% collagen - it's also unflavoured so you can contribute to your tea, coffee, water, smoothie mixes or even yoghurt. Sustains Physical Fitness and Athletic Performance-- Besides all the outstanding advantages talked about until now, collagen goes to heart a healthy protein powder.

Promotes Digestive Tract Wellness-- Collagen is a key structural healthy protein for digestive organs, assisting to stop leaky digestive tract syndrome, soak up nutrients completely as well as reduce the danger of gastrointestinal problems. Caring for your gut sustains general physical and mental wellness so this is a very essential advantage of raising your collagen consumption.

Flavourings and sugar are typically included in make them more appealing. You can additionally purchase unflavoured collagen powder to stir right into juices, smoothie mixes, soups and also coffee. Collagen has long been a popular active ingredient in skin creams, but there is a concern over whether it can pass through the epidermis. Injecting collagen has actually fallen out of favour, as it does not last as long as some different fillers as well as has actually been associated with difficulties such as allergic reactions. They are the latest dynamic entrance into the anti-ageing skincare industry as they are a realistic alternative to Retinol as well as shown to recover as well as promote optimal skin wellness at the mobile level. Kinds I and also III can be taken together whereas kind II must be taken separately to obtain the full benefits.

An ester bond is developed when a molecule having the carboxylic group responds with another particle having a hydroxyl group. The carboxylic team loses its hydrogen and also oxygen while the alcohol loses hydrogen of its hydroxyl team. As a result, a water molecule is released, as well as both carbons are linked via an oxygen bridge developing a -COC- linkage. The substances with S-glycosidic bonds are called S-glycosides for example Sinigrin.

This is a natural enzymatic process and does not call for rough hexane chemicals. Protein powders can originate from a whole host of various resources, such as plant healthy protein, whey healthy protein or collagen itself. Every little thing you have ever before wanted to know about collagen and exactly how you can use it as component of your everyday routine for stronger hair, supplier skin, stronger joints as well as bones plus boosted intestine health and wellness.

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Kinds I as well as III often tend to be made use of for elegance products whereas kind II is made use of in joint and cartilage material assistance. You should see your GP if you think you're addicted to anabolic steroids.

You could clearly obtain an ionic bond in between the adverse and also the favorable group if the chains folded as though they were close to each other. And finally, although you can't see it from this insufficient diagram, each complete turn of the spiral has 3.6 amino acid residues in it. compare our features demonstrates how the alpha-helix is held together by hydrogen bonds. We'll speak it through in some detail after you have had a look at it. In an alpha-helix, the healthy protein chain is coiled like a loosely-coiled spring.

A molecule of water is launched in this process, making it an irreparable response. It is a key bond or a covalent bond that offers to connect carbohydrates to other teams or molecules. The companion or incorporating molecule might be carbohydrate or non-carbohydrate in nature. The peptide bond is a steady covalent bond as well as is stated to be a rigid planar bond due to the fact that it has a partial dual bond character.

How long does it take for peptides to work?

When taking peptides, you can start noticing a difference in a matter of weeks. Most treatments, however, take anywhere from 3-6 months to display their full benefits.

So, it still has the muscle conditioning, endurance-boosting as well as recovery-enhancing effectsof a high quality healthy protein supplement. Combats the Noticeable Indicators of Aging-- Getting enough collagen aids to maintain your skin plump, company as well as wrinkle-free-- helping to reduce the visible signs of aging. It likewise assists to develop strong nails and also shiny hair for a much more youthful look.

The group's research study also shows that C peptide testing is functional in facilities. They determined ideal storage space problems for the examples, which were formerly thought to be unstable, so example collection is now much easier. They showed that making use of a particular chemical implies that blood C-peptide is steady for more than 1 day. For the first time, this suggests it is sensible to perform a test to be measured in primary care as well as outpatient centers. This proof together got rid of crucial obstacles to application that had actually formerly blocked prevalent fostering of this test in routine scientific care. C-peptide is generated at the exact same time and in the exact same quantities as the insulin that controls our blood sugar. By measuring C-peptide degrees, doctors can now tell just how much insulin an individual is generating themselves, even if they are taking insulin shots as treatment.

This lightweight lotion improves collagen and elastin production, smoothing away fine lines and also wrinkles and boosting the skin's natural shops of hyaluronic acid.

If the peptide contains lots of basic amino acids, make use of an aqueous acetic acid (1 to 10 %) service, with or without sonication.

A lot of peptides have the very same order of amino acids yet might be customized by color labels or various other alterations.

We sustain research study teams at the Crick by synthesising peptides, peptide varieties and small molecules for use in experiments to study exactly how biomolecules (e.g. healthy proteins) interact with each other.

Peptides are likewise excellent for ageing or menopausal skin as they will certainly stimulate collagen production as well as increase the skin's elasticity.

Peptides are direct polymers made up from the 20 typical amino acids, collaborated like beads on a string in any kind of order.

Perfect for menopausal skin, this super-hydrating, moisturiser is rich in phytoestrogens, peptides and also proteins, every one of which interact to boost skin's elasticity and also minimise the indicators of hormonal ageing.

The T Cell that recognises these international agents is then increased to give a defence against the invading microorganism or tumor. If you havediabetes mellitus and your doctor intends to see if you are generating any of your very own insulin, if you are believed to be insulin immune, or to assist develop if it is time to add insulin injections to your present therapy. Your doctor also may request a C-peptide blood test if you have an episode of reduced blood glucose, called hypoglycaemia. This trial included 27 people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus that were within the first 100 days of their medical diagnosis. They were either obtaining sugar pill shots every 2 weeks, peptide injections every 2 weeks, or peptide shots every 4 weeks, throughout 6 months.

The immune system employs specialised agents to assault certain targets on getting into organisms and also tumours. These CTLs are produced when a T Cell experiences a healthy protein or other molecule it takes into consideration to be international and not typically located in the body.

This test has implied much more people with diabetes mellitus are getting the appropriate diagnosis of the sort of diabetic issues they have, as well as is the focus of sessions at the Diabetes mellitus UK Specialist Conference in Liverpool on Thursday, March 7. To your present criteria, uniquely you 'd probably be the globes first premium go-to, one-stop full spectrum collagen peptide store. You will find that collagen can can be found in several kinds, such as fluid sachets, powders or tablet computers.

The "alpha" suggests that if you overlook the length of the spring, the coiling is happening in a clockwise direction as it quits you. The end of the peptide chain with the -NH2 team is known as the N-terminal, and also completion with the -COOH team is the C-terminal. By convention, when you are drawing peptide chains, the -NH2 group which hasn't been converted into a peptide web link is created at the left-hand end. In each case, the affiliation shown in blue in the structure of the dipeptide is known as a peptide link. In chemistry, this would likewise be referred to as an amide web link, however given that we are now in the realms of biochemistry and biology and also biology, we'll utilize their terms.

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mcatmemoranda · 4 years

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Reviewing questions:

ARDS is basically caused by anything that leads to inflammation in the alveoli (pancreatitis, trauma, near drowning). There are three phases of ARDS: exudative (week 1), proliferative (week 2), and fibrotic (week 3). In the exudative phase, you get exudate in the alveoli. You get macrophages and necrotic cells in the alveoli and the formation of hyaline membranes (the cellular debris becomes organized to form hyaline membranes). In the proliferatie phase, you get proliferation of fibroblasts and interstitial inflammation as the cells try to repair the damage. In the fibrotic phase, which doesn't always occur, the whole alveolus is surrounded by fibrotic tissue; it's pulmonary fibrosis. Sepsis can cause injury to the pulmonary endothelium or epithelium, which can lead to ARDS. CXR will show white out that can't be explained by cardiac causes and the pt will be hypoxemic.

Even if you survive ARDS, you can have an increased A-a gradient that lasts for a while or even forever (it would be forever if you ended up with pulmonary fibrosis as a result of the ARDS).

As you age, you lose compliance of the chest wall and elastic recoil of the alveoli. You lose elastin in the alveoli, so they can't snap back as well, thus you have increased residual volume and decreased FVC.

In chronic bronchitis, the mucus glands in the bronchial wall submucosa increase in size, causing increased bronchial wall thickness. The Reid Index indicates the severity of chronic bronchitis. It's the thickness of the submucosal mucous glands/thickness of the bronchial wall from the basement membrane of the epithelium to the cartilage. The normal Reid Index is 0.4; anything higher than that is more severe chronic bronchitis.

Small Cell Lung Cancer is a neuroendocrine tumor (so it will stain positive for chromagranin, synaptophysin, and CD56 [neural cell adhesion molecule, or NCAM], neuron-specific enolase), associated with smoking; the tumor is centrally located. Histologically, it shows small round cells with little cytoplasm and hyperchromic nuclei with lots of divisions. It has 3 paraneoplastic syndromes (Cushing's syndrome, Lambert-Eaton Syndrome, and SIADH). For some reason, SCLC is also called oat cell carcinoma.

In pts on treatment for asthma who still have exacerbations despite being on an PRN SABA (albuterol), ICS (e.g., mometasone), and LABA (e.g., formoterol), if the pt has high IgE levels, he can try omalizumab, which binds IgE so it can't cause mast cell crosslinking and degranulation of leukotrienes and histamine. Omalizumab is an anti-IgE antibody.

Type II pneumocytes make surfactant, which is transported in lamellar bodies to the cell surface of pneumocytes. I don't recall learning about lamellar bodies, but I knew that type II pneumocytes make surfactant and regenerate type I pneumocytes. Type I pneumocytes do gas exchange.

Secondary polycythemia (increased hematocrit) occurs as a response of the kidneys to chronic hypoxemia. Hypoxemia-> hypoxia in the tissues-> cells in the cortex and medulla of the kidneys release erythropoietin to stimulate RBC production so there will be more RBCs to carry more O2. Secondary polycythemia can occur in pts with COPD or other conditions that cause chronic hypoxemia. So if you have a pt with OHS, he can have higher than normal Hct as a result of the chronic hypoxemia. Oxygen saturation less than 92% is hypoxemia.

Neutrophils and macrophages can make elastase, which degrades the elastin in the alveoli. Other proteinases besides elastase are cathepsin G, and Matrx Metalloproteinase (MMP). Anti-proteases counteract the proteases. Alpha-1 antitrypsin stops neutrophil elastase from breaking down elastin in alveoli. Other antiproteases are alpha-2 macroglobulin and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases (TIMPs).

Elastase is a neutral protease found in alveolar fluid. Neutrophil elastase is inhibited by alpha-1 antitrypsin. Macrophage elastase is inhibited by TIMPs.

Atopic asthma presents with eosinophils and Charcot-Leyden crystals in the sputum. I remembered the crystals from a pulm lecture given by one of the fellows a few weeks ago, so I got the question on it right. T helper 2 cells release IL-5, which summons eosinophils. Charcot-Leyden crystals are bunches of eosinophil membrane protein seen in atopic (extrinsic) asthma. TH2 cells also release IL-4, which causes B cells to make IgE.

Ketamine (NMDA antagonist) can be used to induce anesthesia in pts who are hemodynamically unstable or who have bronchospasm and need to be intubated. Ketamine causes increased catecholamine release, which can increase blood pressure. This is desirable in a pt who has low BP and needs to be intubated. Ketamine's sympathomimetic effects lead to increased HR, contractility, bronchodilation, and cerebral blood flow. You wouldn't use propofol in a hypotensive pt, as that would cause even lower BP. Ketamine is also analgesic.

Etomidate is a GABA receptor agonist. It does not affect BP, cardiac output, or HR, so it's hemodynamically neutral. It decreases cortisol synthesis. Well that's interesting, because isn't cortisol also involved in blood pressure? I guess cortisol would take longer to start impacting blood pressure control, so that's why it doesn't affect BP when used for induction. But I guess it causes adrenocortical suppression over time. So it wouldn't be used in pts with sepsis.

Propofol is a GABA agonist; good for longer sedation; but decreases BP due to vasodilation.

OSA can lead to pulmonary HTN and right heart failure because of the hypoxic vasoconstriction that occurs in response to hypoventilation. The hypoxemia in these pts also causes systemic HTN and sympathetic stimulation of the heart. Chronic sleep apnea that goes untreated can lead to arrythmias, CAD, and sudden cardiac death!

In cystic fibrosis, there are no, or few properly functioning CFTR channels, so you can't get Cl- out of the respiratory epithelial cells. As a result, there is increased movement of Na+ into respiratory epithelial cells and water follows the Na+. This is why respiratory secretions are thickened in CF.

The pathophysiology of CF was not explained well to us when we learned this in school! What happens in the sweat ducts is different from what happens in the respiratory epithelium in CF. In the normal respiratory epithelium, CFTR channels inhibit the ENac channels through which Na+ is reabsorbed. This allows more Na+ and H20 to stay in the mucus so that the mucus can stay watery and be easily coughed up. In CF, you have no or few properly functioning CFTR channels. Therefore, chloride can't move out of respiratory epithelial cells, so you can't inhibit Na+ reabsorption by the epithelial cells. Thus excess Na+ is reabsorbed and excess water follows the Na+, leading to dry respiratory secretions. In the sweat ducts of normal people, the opposite occurs--CFTR channels cause increased absorption of Na+ via ENac channels. In CF, there are no/few functioning CFTR channels, so you can't reabsorb Na+, thus the sweat has increased NaCl-> salty sweat.

The CFTR channel is an ATP-gated channel. It opens when ATP binds to it. In CF, the CFTR channel can't bind ATP, so the channel won't open and chloride ions in the respiratory epithelium can't leave cells.

Pts can have increased sweat chloride levels or normal sweat chloride levels (normal if the CFTR mutation is mild). If sweat chloride is normal, you can make the diagnosis of CF by measuring the nasal transepithelial potential difference with the nasal transepithelial potential difference test. In this test, NaCl solution is applied to the nasal mucosa. If the pt has CF, the pt's respiratory epithelial cells can absorb the Na+, but not the Cl- in the applied solution, so the transepithelial voltage difference is more negative because negatively charged chloride ions can't be absorbed by the respiratory epithelial cells.

In the sweat ducts of normal pts, CFTR channels reabsorb Cl- and that causes reabsorption of Na+. In pts with CF, mutated CFTR means no reabsoption of NaCl, so the sweat is salty.

Ok, I was confused about what actually happens with the CFTR and the Na+ and Cl-. CF causes decreased ability to reabsorb Na+ and Cl- from the sweat, hence salty sweat in CF pts. But in the respiratory epithelium, the inability to get Cl- out of the cells causes increase Na+ reabsorption into cells-> water reabsorbed into cells-> dry respiratory secretions.

#ARDS #hyaline membrane #chronic bronchitis #Reid Index #NCAM #omalizumab #ketamine #propofol #etomidate #anesthesia #cystic fibrosis #TIMPs #TIMP #MMP

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drpradnya-blog1 · 4 years

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Blog about Vitamin D

Vitamin D BLOG

Vitamin D is one of the most essential “vitamins” needed to support proper bodily functioning!

It is so important at this particular time with us spending more time indoors due to the way of the world that we all need to supplement our diets and bodies with this essential nutrient.

WHY WE NEED VITAMIN D

Vitamin D is a powerhouse nutrient responsible for the proper functioning of many bodily systems. For example, it:

regulates levels of calcium in the bloodstream and is essential to bone formation

strengthens immunity and protects the body from illness and infection

reduces inflammation and autoimmune response

improves mood and has been shown to improve symptoms of depression

defends cells against cancer (vitamin D deficiency is linked to numerous cancers, including some of the most common—breast, prostate, lung, colorectal, leukaemia, bladder, pancreatic and lymphoid just to name a few!)

So how does Vitamin D help support the immune system?

Vitamin D is necessary for the proper functioning of your immune system which is your body’s first line of defence against infection and disease.

This vitamin plays a critical role in promoting the immune response. It has both anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties and is crucial for the activation of immune system defences which is necessary but even more crucial at this time.

Vitamin D is known to enhance the function of immune cells, including T-cells and macrophages, that protect your body against pathogens (Bacteria, fungi and viruses).

In fact, the vitamin is so important for immune function that low levels of vitamin D have been associated with an increased susceptibility to infection, disease, and immune-related disorders.

For example, low vitamin D levels are associated with an increased risk of respiratory diseases, including tuberculosis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as viral and bacterial respiratory infections which though there is no strong evidence to support this, it is being linked to increased resistance to COVID-19.

What’s more, deficiency of Vitamin D has been linked to decreased lung function, which may affect your body’s ability to fight respiratory infections such as pneumonia and COVID-19.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF SUN EXPOSURE & VITAMIN D

Historically, the human body has synthesized vitamin D directly from sunlight. This makes sense: we’re pretty hairless and, until recently, spent significant time each day outside. Most of our human evolution occurred around the equator where there was plenty of sunlight year-round, and even after branching off to northern latitudes, a notable adaptation occurred: because melanin (the pigment in skin that gives it colour) protects skin cells from sun exposure and slows vitamin D production, early humans living in northern, less sun-intense climates developed lighter skin to maximize vitamin D production.

Very few food sources contain vitamin D, the main exception being the liver of fatty fish. It’s no coincidence that indigenous Arctic populations, living without strong sunlight much of the year, have historically consumed plenty of vitamin D-rich marine foods.

Now, modern lifestyle factors are significantly reducing our levels of vitamin D: we spend our days inside, cover ourselves in clothing and sunscreen when we do go outside, and eat a primarily Western diet that does not contain food sources rich in vitamin D.

ARE WE VITAMIN D DEFICIENT?

Chances are: yes. Vitamin D is one of the most prominent vitamin deficiencies in modern society.

Vitamin D deficiency is commonly known for causing rickets (soft bones in children), but there are many other symptoms that often go unnoticed and undiagnosed, as they can be subtle, or presumed to be caused by something else.

SYMPTOMS OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY INCLUDE:

Getting sick regularly or having trouble fighting off infections

Fatigue

Depression

Slow healing of wounds

Bone loss (osteoporosis) and increased risk of fractures

Hair loss

Increased reports of pain, including muscle pain and back pain

If you think your vitamin D levels may be low, ask your doctor to test them. If your levels are on the low end, there are several ways to raise them with lifestyle and nutrition.

A Daily intake of 400-800IU of Vitamin D supplements are recommended depending on age though we take more. You can take upto 4000 IU daily but not to sustain these levels for too many months.

BEST SOURCES OF VITAMIN D

SUNLIGHT

Likely the best way to get healthy doses of vitamin D is via natural sunlight.

How much sun exposure you need varies depending on your skin colour, strength of sun (location, time of year and time of day), cloud cover, pollution, and even what your diet is like. But, as a guide a light-skinned individual typically needs 20-30 minutes of midday sun to produce a requisite amount of vitamin D daily. Because more melanin = more natural sun protection, people with darker skin need more sun exposure to produce the same amount of vitamin D—up to 2-2.5 hours for the same effect.

Sun damage and skin cancer are real concerns , and sufficient sun exposure should not result in burning. People with very light skin or those not used to being in the sun regularly will need to gradually work up to the recommend exposure so there is no lasting damage to their delicate skins.

A few other notes on obtaining vitamin D from sunlight:

Vitamin D is synthesized from UVB rays, which do not penetrate glass—so while sitting in the sunlight in a sunny window certainly has other benefits (it’s good for your mood, for one!), it’s not actually resulting in vitamin D3 synthesis.

The more skin exposed to the sun, the more vitamin D3 synthesis occurs. So, if you spend time outside with only your face and hands exposed, you’ll produce less vitamin D3 than if you were laying out in a bathing suit.

UVB tanning beds are potentially a method for obtaining vitamin D, though they should only be used very carefully and minimally—it takes considerably less exposure in a tanning bed to achieve the same effect as natural sunlight.

Your body can store vitamin D3 for weeks or months at a time, so experiencing some period of time without sun may not radically reduce your blood levels.

FOOD SOURCES OF VITAMIN D

Though there are not many food sources containing sufficient levels of vitamin D, there are a few specific foods high in this nutrient, most of which have been used for centuries by populations without access to year-round sunshine. Without any sunlight you’d have to eat these foods in large quantities daily to get enough vitamin D… but occasional consumption can also supplement moderate sunlight exposure.

The best food sources of vitamin D are:

Fatty fish: salmon, sardines, herring, tuna

Oysters, shrimp

Egg yolks (Note: Eggs from pasture-raised chickens—those roaming outside in sunlight—contain 3-4 times the vitamin D as those raised indoors)

Mushrooms

Cod liver oil

Fortified foods: cow’s milk, soy milk and cereals are often fortified with vitamin D, though usually at lower levels than natural sources

There are two types of vitamin D obtained from food sources: D2, found in plants and yeasts, and D3, found in animal products. D3 is more effective at raising blood levels of vitamin D.

VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTS

If your lifestyle and diet prevent regular, sufficient sun exposure or food sources of vitamin D, it is possible to improve your levels with a vitamin D supplement. In general we aim for up to 4,000 IU daily.

People with a heavier body mass require more Vitamin D3 and a new study suggests the more weight you carry around your waist, the lower your Vitamin D3 levels. Recent findings show that belly fat has a greater impact on Vitamin D levels than overall fat.

Skin Southwest are now offering supplements from Award Winning ZENii and these include’ Sunshine in a bottle’ which are capsules designed to take daily and equate to 2000 IU which is recommended by Public Health England.

120 Capsules cost £25.00.

Email: [email protected]

Visit www.skinsouthwest.co.uk

#vitamind #health #wellness #sunshine #drpradnya #skinsouthwest

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drferox · 5 years

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Pancreatitis

My elderly cat has pancreatitis, and of course we are working with a vet on it (kitty hasn’t thrown up in so long! All it takes is severely restricting her food choices and keeping everything in the kitchen, even fucking FRUIT BAGELS, out of her shameless nibbling range). But I have a question about pancreatitis in general. Why is it that there seems to be no consensus about where it comes from, how it develops, why it hits dogs and cats differently, and so on? Every page I’ve looked at online out of curiosity says the same sort of thing: here are some symptoms that may or may not occur, here is a list of reasons that maybe caused it and maybe didn’t, here are some ways to maybe treat it. Why the mystery disease status? Why does my cat try to eat fruit bagels?? (Okay that last one I know is a true mystery.)

Your cat is eating fruit bagels to show off to the dog who cannot eat raisins without risking death.

Pancreatitis can either be acute, from which we expect the pet to recover completely, or chronic, with which we expect there to be scar tissue and permanent effects from.

The pancreas also doesn’t really look like the human organ, which is what the art in the video looked like. It’s got more distinct left and right lobes so symptoms can vary depending on which part of the pancreas is affected.

Anything that causes pancreatic enzymes to leak inside the pancreas will cause pancreatitis, as will literally any other cause of inflammation. That includes pressure from some object blocking the duodenum at the duodenal papilla, anything that causes intestinal contents to regurgitate back up the pancreatic duct, carrying active enzymes with it that then activate all the stored enzymes, or even a gall stone blocking the portion of the duct system that the pancreatic duct and bile duct share.

And pancreas anatomy can vary between individual members of a species, in terms of in terms of how many ducts they have, and whether they all join together before entering the intestine or not.

You can also get really obscure conditions that look all the world like pancreatitis on bloods and symptoms, but turn out to be something else, like a pancreatic cancer which was causing pancreatitis in the surrounding tissue.

It’s mostly treated with symptomatic treatment until the inflammation settles down, and then we try to prevent it with dietary control, which is mostly aimed at controlling fat intake. And to be fair, about 80% of cases are from the animal eating a whole bunch of unusual food, like BBQ left overs, which are higher in fat than they’re used to, so there’s a pretty strong correlation there.

But part of its ‘mystery status’ it likely just that we don’t always pursue further tests while providing that symptomatic treatment. If I’m going to do the same treatment anyway, is there value to be doing an ultrasound and a biopsy of this organ? Maybe, maybe not.

#submission #veterinarian #pancreas

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cancertheraphy · 2 years

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Signs and Symptoms of Pancreatic Cancer

At Cancer Therapy India, we have the best pancreatic cancer doctors in India who are experts in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Symptoms of Pancreatic Cancer

Abdominal pain that radiates to your back

Sudden rise in blood sugar level

Tiredness and weakness

Excessive thirst or hunger

Yellowing of your skin

Whites of your eyes (jaundice)

Light-coloured stools

Dark-coloured urine

Itchy skin

Blood clots

Fatigue

If you experience any of these above signs or symptoms then consult the best pancreatic surgeon in India, or visit the best pancreatic cancer treatment centres in India.

Pancreatic Cancer Risk Factors

There are certain risk factors considered to result in pancreatic cancer.

Take food with high-fat content: Taking high-fat content food upgrades cholesterol levels in the body, which destroy the functionality of several organs in the body, considering the pancreas.

Diabetes: When sugar levels in the blood are not under control, it disorders the functionality of internal organs and causes heavy damage to them.

Smoking: Smoking is the major cause of many cancerous diseases. Smoking maximizes the production of cancer cells by destroying healthy ones.

Pancreatic Cancer Causes

The causes of pancreatic cancer are unknown. This type of cancer occurs when abnormal cells start to increase within the pancreas and form tumours.

Normally, healthy cells grow, increase and die in moderate numbers. In the case of cancer, abnormal cell production is increased, and these abnormal cells sometimes take over the healthy cells.

While researchers and doctors don't know what causes the changes in the cells, they do know some common factors that may maximize a person’s risk for developing this type of cancer.

The two major risk factors are inherited gene mutations and acquired gene mutations. Genes control the way cells act, so changes to those genes may lead to tumours.

Pancreatic Cancer Stages

With these tests, doctors work to determine the cancer stage. Staging helps to understand how advanced the cancer is. It also helps a doctor to decide treatment options.

Once a diagnosis has been done, your doctor will assign a stage based on the test results:

Stage 1: tumours present in the pancreas only

Stage 2: tumours have spread to nearby abdominal tissues or lymph nodes

Stage 3: tumour has spread to lymph nodes and major blood vessels

Stage 4: tumours have spread to other organs also, such as the liver

Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis

MRI or CT scans to get a detailed and complete picture of your pancreas

An endoscopic ultrasound, in which a camera attached to a thin flexible tube is inserted down into the stomach to capture images of the pancreas

Biopsy or tissue sample of the pancreas

Blood tests to spot the presence of a particular protein - CA19-9 in the blood, which verifies the presence of cancer.

Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer treatment depends on the various types of factors as:

the type of cancer

the stage of the cancer

the person’s health status, age, and other characteristics

the individual’s personal choices

The goal of treatment is to:

remove the cancer

relieve painful symptoms

Surgery

The option to use surgery to treat pancreatic cancer comes down to two things i.e., the location and stage of cancer. Surgery can remove all or some portion of the pancreas.

Radiation therapy

Chemotherapy

In some cases, your doctor might combine other treatments with chemotherapy, which uses cancer-killing medicines to prevent further growth of cancer cells in the future.

Targeted therapy

This Therapy of cancer treatment uses drugs or other measures to specifically attack cancer cells and work to kill them. These drugs are mapped not to harm healthy or normal cells.

If you have any concerns regarding pancreatic cancer, then you can consult Cancer Therapy India. We are associated with some of the best hospitals for pancreatic surgery in India.

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