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leaping-laelaps · 2 years

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514 millions years ago in what will one day be known as the Emu Bay Shale (South Australia), a tiny Isoxys glaessneri encounters the hunter 'Anomalocaris' briggsi.

'Anomalocaris' briggsi was a large suspension-feeding radiodont related to the famous raptorial predator Anomalocaris canadensis. It is one of two radiodont species for which exceptionally detailed fossils of compound eyes are known. The eyes in this species are unsual for radiodonts in that they are not stalked, and protected by a small plate which was likely a modified version of the lateral carapace elements found in hurdiids. The eye morphology suggests that 'A.' briggsi was a mesopelagic species capable of inhabiting depths of several hundred meters, using its acute vision to detect planktonic prey (Paterson et al. 2020).

Isoxys was a cosmopolitan genus of stem-euarthropod in the Lower and Middle Cambrian, characterized by a bivalved shield covering its whole body, two large eyes, and a frontal pair of so-called 'great appendages' probably used for grasping food items. These appendages show similarity with both the frontal appendages of megacheirans and those of radiodonts like Anomalocaris, and its mix of derived and basal anatomical traits (such as biramous appendages but an unclerotized trunk) make it a crucial organism for understanding the early evolution of arthropods (Legg & Vannier 2013, Zhang et al. 2021).

I tried to recreate the feeling of this common yet lovely type of scene in sci-fi movies where a ship or station gets dwarfed by a gigantic object slowly emerging behind it from the shadows - the only difference is that the 'giant' eye here is only about 3 cm wide, though that was still huge for the time.

References and technical details about the reconstruction under the cut:

The soft parts of I. glaessneri are not known (except for the eyes). Trunk appendages are based on I. curvirostratus (Zhang et al. 2021). Great appendages are partially based on I. communis, which may be the adult form of I. glaessneri (Fu et al. 2012); unfortunately, the great appendages of I. communis are poorly preserved (García-Bellido et al. 2009), so frontal appendage morphology was complemented with the better-known I. acutangulus.

The Isoxys is depicted here with only 11 pairs of trunk limbs, instead of the usual 13+ (Zhang et al. 2021). Based on the assumption that the ancestral arthropod grew by post-hatching addition of segments (anamorphosis) (Liu et al. 2016), a reduced number of trunk limbs was judged appropriate given the small size of the specimen (ca. 6.5 mm) and the possible juvenile nature of I. 'glaessneri'.

References:

Fu, D., Zhang, X., Budd, G. E., Liu, W., & Pan, X. (2014). Ontogeny and dimorphism of Isoxys auritus (Arthropoda) from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China. Gondwana Research, 25(3), 975–982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2013.06.007

García-Bellido, D. C., Paterson, J. R., Edgecombe, G. D., Jago, J. B., Gehling, J. G., & Lee, M. S. Y. (2009). The bivalved arthropods Isoxys and Tuzoia with soft-part preservation from the Lower Cambrian Emu Bay Shale Lagerstätte (Kangaroo Island, Australia). Palaeontology, 52(6), 1221–1241. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00914.x

Legg, D. A., & Vannier, J. (2013). The affinities of the cosmopolitan arthropod Isoxys and its implications for the origin of arthropods. Lethaia, 46(4), 540–550. https://doi.org/10.1111/let.12032

Liu, Y., Melzer, R., Haug, J., Haug, C., Briggs, D., Hörnig, M., He, Y., & Hou, X. (2016). Three-dimensionally preserved minute larva of a great-appendage arthropod from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113, 5542–5546. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1522899113

Paterson, J. R., Edgecombe, G. D., & García-Bellido, D. C. (2020). Disparate compound eyes of Cambrian radiodonts reveal their developmental growth mode and diverse visual ecology. Science Advances, 6(49), eabc6721. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc6721

Schoenemann, B., & Clarkson, E. N. k. (2011). Eyes and vision in the Chengjiang arthropod Isoxys indicating adaptation to habitat. Lethaia, 44(2), 223–230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2010.00239.x

Zhang, C., Liu, Y., Ortega-Hernández, J., Wolfe, J. M., Jin, C., Mai, H., Hou, X. G., Guo, J., & Zhai, D. (2021). Differentiated appendages in Isoxys illuminate origin of arthropodization. Research Square.

#anomalocaris #radiodont #isoxys #arthropod #eyes #compound eye #pelagic #emu bay shale #cambrian #paleozoic #paleoart #my art

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cuicuit · 2 years

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Eye of a locust

To achieve this result, you have to put a bit of transparent varnish on a dead locust's eye, then wait a minute until it dries, eventually take it delicately off with your nails.

These little hexagons are the surfaces of ommatidia, which are composed of photoreceptor cells and structure a compound eye. Each ommatidium has its cornea, crystalline cone — such as ours, except that they're thousands of them in a compound eye — photoreceptor cells and pigment cells, linked to an optic nerve.

#eyes #compound eye #optics #microscope #biology #ommatidium #cells #insects #insect eyes #varnish #tips #entomology #photografy #locust #dead insect #arthropods #invertebrate

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tenth-sentence · 1 year

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The first six stop at an early layer of the brain; the seventh and eighth penetrate deeper, the seventh going deepest into the brain.

"Nature via Nurture: Genes, Experience, and What Makes Us Human" - Matt Ridley

#book quote #nature via nurture #matt ridley #nonfiction #flies #fruit fly #compound eye

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woosh-floosh · 4 days

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Was able to borrow the macro lens to take some cicada photos!

The resolution on this is crazy

#bugs #insects #photography #entomology #cicada #periodical cicada #tumblr might crunch the resolution but the texture of the facets in the compound eye is visibly on my end

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montereybayaquarium · 9 months

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LINED SHORE CRAB #1: you're crabsolutely clawesome, my frond! 🦀✨

LINED SHORE CRAB #2: ohmycod stoppp! You're making me molt! 😊

(comment with your snappiest affirm-ocean for a fellow crustacean sensation below!)

#monterey bay aquarium #crab day #what if we meet on top of the rock and stared into each others compound eyes #jk unless 👀#top 10 most intense anime stares of all time #you cant sea the sparks beclaws theyre under water

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usarmytrooper · 3 months

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front-facing-pokemon · 4 months

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#HERE HE IS #MY BOY!!! ZANNI #throwback to the scatterbug post where i mentioned him. he's shiny and this one is not shiny but it's the eyes that get me #those are his eyes……… and they're lovely…… compound eyes………#his stats aren't even very good. he's kinda weak. but i still love him #vivillon

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allthebestnamesweretaken · 24 days

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Some noteworthy quotes from the few episodes Josephine had taken over Clarkes body:

“You don’t get it. If Bellamy knows that Clarke is dead then all of this is for nothing. You may as well just kill us all now” - Murphy to Josephine

“The people you care about are in trouble. I guess you just care about her more” - Josephine to Bellamy

“I’m not losing her again” - Bellamy to Octavia

“Clarke I need you” - Bellamy to Clarke

“I’m not letting you go. You’re a fighter, now get up and fight” - Bellamy to Clarke

And I’m supposed to think they’re platonic????

#bellamy x clarke #the 100 #bellarke #bellamy blake #clarke griffin #enemies to lovers #platonic my ass #JRoth I will never forgive you #still not over the fact they didn’t kiss after he saved her #can we take a second and acknowledge how Bellamy looked in this episode #you could see the pain in his eyes man #HE LOVES HER #SHE LOVES HIM #THEY LOVE EACH OTHER GUYS #he was literally willing to kill everyone in that compound to avenge her #also Octavia had the same smile when they hugged that she did with their hug from season 2 #omg now I’m thinking about the hug from season 2 #they mean so much to me

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rslashrats · 9 months

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do u understand my vision

#bfdi #bfb #i can try to explain better but. objects have compound eyes and algebraliens have simple eyes

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amazingspider-z · 5 months

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a quick sketch page i like to call: what if eyes but fucked up ft. my continued saga of trying (and. ahem. not succeeding) of drawing fire

#peter parker #spider-man #jaime reyes #blue beetle #infiltration mode au #robbie reyes #ghost rider #revenant robbie au #tw body horror #i think #Peter's design is based off of Spec. Spider-Man vol 2 issue. 31ish idk bc ok. the queen arc *was* weird and the insect gene was. super wron #BUT. i am not immune to the slow transformation into a spider creature ok #for jaime. i am. actually not the biggest fan of the Big Spider-Man eyes look for his mask #on accounts that. i really like how his og 2006 design just looks like a fucked up face #so the idea here is. what if the big eyes were real-or well. kind of. not real like how my au robbie has blue beetle-esque eyes always #but more real than just lenses over his eyes. some biotech organic robotic nonsense for. idk reasons #smth the compound effect widens his field of view and lets khaji Da overlay multiple HUD types in combat or. something #(<*jaime* critically did not know it was more than a funky redesign until his eye almost got gouged out. hes having a time always)#and Robbie's doodle is just him riding *right* on the edge of becoming the rider #tbh my og look was his eyes literally melting out of his sockets as he burned but like.#not super happy with the look so i did a version without it also #if this ends up posting twice no it didnt

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poorks · 2 days

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RP Sem if he tried to disguise himself as a human for a while

#preg #mpreg #sem #note the compound eyes and little thingies in his hair #altaria is a bug type now #that boy is bugs #rpverse

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ariadne-mouse · 4 months

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🐝🎵 mr bugman

bring me a bug

make him absolutely devastating in a velvet coat

give him nice food like roses and clover

and if you piss him off your life is OVER 🎵🐜

#a COMPOUND EYE???#cr spoilers #candela obscura #critical role #op #circle of tide and bone

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whatudottu · 9 months

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Do y'all think object heads have a peculiar vision? Well I certainly do!

If DJSS is actually a supernova then assumption probably brings with it the idea they were a star, and being a star where it sends light in every direction and vision is directly correlated to light, what if that means omnidirectional vision?

#dj subatomic supernova #djss #no straight roads #nsr #fanart #a lot of notes i have in the image itself but i'll talk about them in the tags #i like to headcanon nova in youth was an o-class main sequence star aka big blue star that is bound to supernova #that shit is BRIGHT like 800000ish times our sun bright so even at a portable head size it's like a literal eyesore #kid to adult nova probably had to wear a helmet for others safety (an inconvenience to be sure)#but that would inherently condition them to have a more eye-based narrowed vision with a more frontal view of the world #which was helped a long way by being blinded by their own luminosity at the back and sides of that helmet #even if their vision was kinda dimmed and muted thanks to the visor being as shaded as it was #which is why when nova's a- well- supernova the interior of their hoodie not only is white but emits light #practically speaking it would be an inconvenience as the dj of a lowlit club but what if it was a habit that was a layover from being a sta #and to that: vision as a star and vision as a supernova are like two completely different logics #if a star is one celestial object that can view everything in every direction- a hot cloud of space dust is just trillions of staring eyes #compound eye having ass #from 20 or so years being blinded by their own light it does mean that not EVERYTHING has sight #let alone the 'used to be internal' contents of nova's head that kinda swirl in no particular direction #but whenever those blind spots happen to swirl their way up to the glass nova may get spotty vision #probably more a visual snow rather than any cataracts just because of the shear number of space dust particles #which means poor nova the dark gets littered with static and stargazing has a little more stars than they were used to #though it might also be because they aren't perpetually wearing sunglasses anymore but then again shades are different than visual snow #i have no idea where i learnt this (i think it was a humans are space orcs thing) that spacewalks can be utterly TERRIFYING #so i don't know if this was a nasa (or other space organisation documented) observation or general fear of space moment #but if folk are terrified with their binocular vision to float around in an ever endless void of stars and systems- how would nova feel?#i mean sure they utterly revel in space (they're an astrophysicist and ex-professor for it for god's sake) but they're now IN space #and it was just after bunkbed junction crashed their concert and took apparently their helmet and headphones as a trophy #bestie having omnidirectional vision in space is one thing it's another to literally have the place your vision comes from spread out!#i mean being the object that is their head it's not going to run completely away from them

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casukaga · 2 months

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Hi im sorry but i saw your tags on a post about a mantis face and im so intrigued- i wanted to ask first tho if it's okay to dm you to ask you/talk about characters because!!! Im so curious!!!

ye!! i don’t mind dms abt my characters! (i also don’t mind the asks! but if ur actually interested in character lore that i am currently keeping hidden from the dnd group, yes u can send me a dm LMAO)

tho if you wanna know more abt ka’vor (my praying mantis inspired charrie), i don’t actually have a lot for her atm. i’m playing it for my gf’s upcoming dnd campaign and am still figuring out its character. ka’vor is more of a humanoid mantis that my gf made a homebrew race for than like. an actual bug but People-Sized. she’s like a centaur, but with a praying mantis lower half instead of a horse lmao.

i’m still workin on her design and it’s prone to changing, but this is her rn