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nancylfitness · 4 months

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Happy New Year

Don’t let your resolution fail!

New Year resolutions date back to 4,000 years ago:

Babylonians pledged to pay their debts.

Brazilians jump seven waves and make a wish at each wave.

Colombians eat a grape each time the clock chimes at midnight.

Argentinians shred old documents to leave the past behind.

Buddhist countries ring bells in the streets to wish “good luck”.

Losing weight, exercising more, and staying fit are resolutions that many Americans make. It’s probably not too difficult to start an exercise / healthy eating program, but the trick is to stick to it. Make it a habit.

Try not to obsess about the outcome; concentrate on doing something every day that is within your control. To stick to your resolution, keep it simple.

Start now:

Get more active.

Cut down on junk (food)

A pound of fat contains 3,500 calories. To lose weight, try reducing caloric intake by 350-500 calories along with exercising each day (burning about 350 to 500 calories). This will provide for a reasonable and maintainable weight loss through life style change.

Try this tasty nutritious recipe for a start: http://://nancylfitness.com/2013/01/31/whole-wheat-pasta-with-chicken-asparagus-and-tomatoes/

In terms of exercise, the ACSM (American College of Sports Medicine) recommends at least 30-60 minutes of moderate physical activity five or more days a week. However, studies have shown that even small amounts of activity/exercise are beneficial. Any exercise helps to improve health because it:

Strengthens bones

Increases muscle tone

Reduces the risk of some diseases

Elevates mood.

Just 10 minutes of exercise a day will bring positive results. Try to work several major muscle groups at the same time. Once started, stick with the program. Routine exercise is one of the best things you can do for your health. You will:

Be more energized

Boost your ego

Elevate metabolism

Sleep better

Lose / maintain weight

Improve brain function

Decrease risk of cancer / cardiovascular disease.

Everyday activities and recreation burns calories. Any extra movement/activity counts toward health benefits:

Take the stairs – instead of the elevator or escalator

Park further away in the parking lot

Iron, wash dishes, cook

Rake leaves

Walk the dog.

NOTE: For safety purposes talk to your doctor about any physical limitations you may have when starting an exercise program. Use dumbbells or other weighted household item such as liter water bottles as weights.

To begin, try the exercises below:

Standing dumbbell push press: Works shoulders, triceps, legs & glutes (buttocks):

Standing dumbbell push press

Stand.

Hold weights at shoulder level.

Dip knees.

Straighten body driving weights straight overhead.

Complete 20 reps (repetitions).

When this movement becomes too easy, add more reps and/or more weight.

Dumbbell stiff legged deadlift with lateral raise upon standing: Works low back, glutes, hamstrings (legs), abs (abdominals), deltoids (shoulder), traps (trapezius), rotator cuff & core.

Deadlift

Stand, holding weights at each side with knees slightly bent.

Bend at the waist & lower weights to ankles while keeping back flat.

Return to erect posture; raise right foot to result in standing on left leg.

Lateral raise (single leg)works the shoulders (lateral deltoids), with the trapezius (upper back) and balance. This exercise involves lifting weights away from your body, out to the side while standing on one leg.

Lateral Raise

Standing on left leg hold weights at each side.

Raise arms out from sides to shoulder height; lower weights to sides.

Repeat while standing on right leg.

Repeat process for 20 reps or as many as possible.

Increase reps and/or weight as strength increases.

#nancylfitness #fitcui #personal trainer online #senior fitness coach #new years resolution #acsm #exercise #improve sleep #metabolism #muscle tone #muscled used #nutritoin #weight loss

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hpcosmos · 2 years

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Tomorrow is the last day of American College of Sport Medicine (@acsm1954) Annual Meeting in San Diego! The past days have been busy at the booths of @cosmedusa and @noraxonusa ! We are proud and happy to showcase the latest performance treadmill quasar with the state-of-the-art UserTerminal MCU6 and advanced connectivity at COSMED’s booth! Get in touch with us and the team of Noraxon USA if you are interested in our biomechanics solutions including the gaitway 3d treadmill that allows simultaneous measurements of 3d forces, pressures and torques! #acsm #sportsmedicine #treadmill #forcemeetspressure #gaitway #mcu6 https://www.instagram.com/p/CeWHAh9sEdb/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

#acsm #sportsmedicine #treadmill #forcemeetspressure #gaitway #mcu6

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barbiebiddie · 1 year

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if you'd like to read working girls by our girls, here's the pdf link because i love yall 💕

#i paid for it so yall dont have to 🫶🏽 merry belated christmas #google books dont play about their shit lol had to download in acsm then convert to epub then to pdf #t+m #k+z #workin' girls pdf

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vohannesvotrov · 3 months

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why the hell does adobe digital editions suck so bad & why do we as a populace put up with this garbage

#I HATE HATE .ACSM FIOES #FILES**#MY WORST ENEMY #and yes I use Bluefire reader but even this app sucks massive ass

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skarnish · 5 months

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i hate you adobe i hate you copyright i hate you DRM

#it took me THIRTY MINUTES to put one (1) ebook on my dinosaur 2009 nook. because i couldn't just download it from libby and put it on the #nook. i had to download the ACSM file then download the adobe program to open it then wait as that program crashed twice then open it in #that program then it crashed again then i had to reopen it and then transfer to my nook #when i could have just had a file to drag and drop one time. if they weren't cowards. bastards.#anywayy now i have a book to read yippeeee and now that the setup is figured out maybe it'll be faster next time idk

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frenviro · 2 years

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Fulcrum Best ACSM Land Surveys California

with the support of environmental consultancy firms, the health and safety conditions of workers can be improved, which can lead to better productivity, process efficiency, and prevention of legal problems. Engineering project Often the projects you undertake require special engineering and design components to comply with environmental regulations. Consulting firms or environmental engineering firms are useful because they protect the entire engineering design process and can guide you in complying with regulations. These companies are experts in achieving the organization's individual environmental goals. Cost advantage Environmental consulting firms can also help companies save money on environmental projects. While working on a construction project, you may incur significant costs due to equipment costs or energy consumption. Environmental consulting firms can create comprehensive plans that maximize project efficiency and save money.

Plot: To grow the business, hiring professionals who can manage the environmental aspects of business operations will always benefit the company we can also do acsm land surveys california. Environmental consulting firms can be the best partners to ensure regulatory compliance, implement green initiatives, minimize health problems, get help with engineering or design projects, or save money and money, and they could be the perfect guide you have. need.

You can consult Fulcrum Resources Ltd. to do this work for you, as we specialize in environmental compliance issues and provide comprehensive solutions for organizational compliance with regulatory guidelines. Fulcrum will develop a plan tailored to your needs.

#acsm land surveys california

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lascldj · 2 years

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Acsm to epub converter online free

ACSM TO EPUB CONVERTER ONLINE FREE FOR FREE

ACSM TO EPUB CONVERTER ONLINE FREE HOW TO

ACSM TO EPUB CONVERTER ONLINE FREE PDF

By using HTML5, publications can contain video, audio, and interactivity, just like websites in web browsers.Īdobe InDesign, calibre, LaTeX, Genebook, epubcheck. An EPUB file is a ZIP archive that contains, in effect, website-including HTML files, images, CSS style sheets, and other assets.

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You'll get epub or pdf files at your computer. A window will pop up to display the downloading process. Right click the acsm file to select 'Open with'>'Adobe Digital Editions'. The term is short for electronic publication and is sometimes styled ePub.ĮPUB is the most widely supported vendor-independent XML-based (as opposed to PDF) e-book format. The acsm can be downloaded to a Epub or a PDF. Your files are securely protected and available only to you. Choose File Select files for conversion or drag and drop them to the upload area. Change acsm to epub on Windows, Mac, iPhone and Android in 2 clicks. After the book is downloaded to your computer, you can find it either in PDF or ePUB form in the default Adobe Edition location in user account and documents.

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It is a free and open standard published by the International Digital Publishing Forum (IDPF). Convert ACSM to EPUB online for free - An圜onv ACSM to EPUB Converter Batch convert acsm files to epub online. The only way to sort of convert acsm to pdf would be to install Adobe Digital Editions and authorize your computer with your Adobe ID, then open the. epub that can be downloaded and read on devices like smartphones, tablets, computers, or e-readers. The ACSM file is only information for activating and downloading an ebook in Adobe Digital Editions.ĮPUB is an ebook file format with the extension. While many of these software support both Word document formats including DOC and DOCX, some of these support either of the two formats. Using these free software, you can convert Word documents to EPUB eBooks. It cannot be opened and read, as is the case with EPUB or DJVU. Here is a list of Best Free Word to EPUB Converter Software for Windows. Actually, the ACSM file is not an ebook format. Free tool to convert ACSM file to EPUB or. This article explains how you can easily convert your ACSM to PDF, as well as how you can find the best PDF editor online.

ACSM TO EPUB CONVERTER ONLINE FREE HOW TO

Adobe Digital Editions uses it to activate and download Adobe DRM-protected content. We will recommend you a new way about how to convert ACSM to EPUB or PDF in this wee essay so that you can read books on more readers like iPad, iPhone. To edit an EPUB file its possible to use specialised e-Book editing software such as Calibre. acsm is an Adobe Content Server Message file. Its possible to open an EPUB file using programs such as Apple Books or Adobe Digital Editions, but its to view an EPUB file on Amazons Kindle reader, you would firsy need to convert the file to a supported format (such as MOBI).

#Acsm to epub converter online free

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soilpansy7 · 2 years

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The Most Effective Workout Apps For 2021

Post-workout meals ought to have protein to assist rebuild muscle and carbohydrates to replenish blood sugar, which additionally helps with muscle restoration. While you train, take a moment to notice if you're working too hard. If you'll be able to discuss in full sentences with out getting wanting breath, you are working at a protected degree. If you can not discuss in full sentences without getting in want of breath, you're working too hard, and perhaps even at unsafe ranges. Figuring out a workout schedule can be daunting, particularly since it’s not one-size-fits-all. The UW Health Sports Medicine Fitness Center is a medically based facility that's open to the common public. Anyone can join courses, while members can benefit from the fitness middle and aquatic middle for their train needs. If you've acute ache, like an harm that occurs suddenly, it’s essential to see a physician or physical therapist earlier than beginning a new health routine. But don’t assume that you simply can’t exercise in any respect if you’re damage. I can go at a extra leisurely tempo and verify out new issues as a outcome of I have more free time. But if you’re somebody who thrives off of the regimented schedule of the workweek and your weekend is extra of a free for all, my system wouldn’t give you the results you want. Take stock of your time and your moods and then schedule your workouts accordingly. As part of our dedication to your bodily and mental wellbeing, we offer medical health programs targeted on serving to individuals coping with diabetes, hypertension, Parkinson’s illness, and most cancers. If your targets require you to exercise “excessively”, then a minimum of try to include household in train. Join a fitness center with free childcare so that you and the partner can exercise together, get a jogging stroller and bicycle trailer, and prepare indoors with the children at house so a partner can go take pleasure in free time. For kids aged two to 5 years, bodily activities should emphasize basic movement expertise, imagination, and play . Hyperbolic Stretching Review of applicable activities for this age group embody rolling and bouncing a ball, jumping, hopping, skipping, mimicking animal actions, and pedaling a tricycle.

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soilrain1 · 2 years

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Health Recommendation, Exercise Ideas, And More

In reality, when you’re suffering from a temper dysfunction such as melancholy, the companionship could be simply as essential as the train. That may include throwing a Frisbee with a canine or good friend, walking laps of a mall window buying, or biking to the grocery store. If Hyperbolic Stretching ’ve never exercised earlier than or don’t know what you would possibly take pleasure in, try a few different things. Nicole Davis is a Boston-based writer, ACE-certified private trainer, and well being fanatic who works to assist girls live stronger, healthier, happier lives. Her philosophy is to embrace your curves and create your fit — no matter which will be! For instance, enhance your strolling time and speed over several weeks. Most individuals will get the greatest profit and decrease their risks if they hold their coronary heart fee between 50% and 85% of their most coronary heart fee when exercising. To figure out your most heart rate, subtract your age from 220. To figure out your goal coronary heart rate range, multiply that quantity by zero.50 and 0.85. These kinds of resistance exercises are essential for our well being, and may decrease threat of coronary heart illness, diabetes and osteoporosis. Nike Training Club has workouts on-demand that are recommended to you based on the information you present if you first enroll. Normally, there is a free model of the app and a Premium model with extra exercise videos, but in gentle of the COVID-19 pandemic, Nike has made the Premium content material free to everybody. While some workout-on-demand apps stick with quick sessions, Nike goes the distance with routines which would possibly be 30, forty five, and even 60 minutes long. The exercises come in the form of videos exhibiting a trainer doing the move, with a voice-over giving ideas and saying the time. It's an excellent app if you're in search of more challenging workouts. Stay in shape and wholesome at house with this unique multifunction exercise tools. Yoga is thought to improve symptoms from continual health circumstances. Watch a video to study sitting or standing yoga postures that can relieve muscle rigidity, scale back ache, improve power and enhance sleep. HIIT can use any kind of cardio exercise, similar to working, versa climbing, jumping rope, or rowing. Focus on the journey, not the destination—that’s fairly good advice for a lot of issues in life, together with health and fitness. After all, you’re unlikely to stay with an exercise routine if it’s not, at least on some degree, enjoyable.

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learnovative · 4 days

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Become an Agile Coach with ICP-ACC Certification from Learnovative!

Learnovative offers the Agile Coaching (ICP-ACC) Certification to help you become a certified Agile Coach. Develop coaching skills, deepen your understanding of agile principles, and learn how to guide teams to high performance. Elevate your career and become a catalyst for agile transformation in your organization.

The ICAgile ICP-ACC Agile Coaching is a knowledge-based certifications on the Agile Coaching track. The ICP-ACC Agile certification focuses primarily on the coaching mindset, roles, and responsibilities of an Agile Coach. If you are working as a Scrum Master or Agile Coach, the ICP ACC will certainly help you to move up in your Agile Coaching career.

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goldenamaranthe-blog · 10 months

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what's your problem with Jaune? The guy's a fucking legend! every time I see you writing him out in something you make him out to be a whiny little bitch. what gives?

I forget where I said this was a Jaune stan blog.

This is a mostly Bumbleby blog. If you're coming here looking for an Alpha Chad, Sex Machine Jaune, that's not going to be here. Please, go find one of the many ACSM Jaune blogs and leave mine alone.

#fuck you anon

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militarymenrbomb · 1 year

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Name: Daniel Rockwell

Location: North Florida

Height: 6”0 (180cm)

Weight: 190-205lb (86-93kg)

Date of Birth: July 13, 1991

Birthplace: Dunkirk, NY

Certifications: ACSM certified personal trainer (2012)

Degree: Marketing BBA, University of North Florida (2015)

Before getting involved in the fitness industry, I was always competing in various sports. Growing up, I played football, baseball, and wrestled. Sports have always been a priority for me. I found the human body fascinating in regards to physical performance. I started seriously working out at the age of 13. Early on, I decided to strive to make my body perform at the highest possible levels through working out and nutrition. My favorite sport was football, and I dreamed of playing it professionally. That was my main focus and motivation in the gym throughout high school. A mentor at the time noticed my discipline and introduced me to the sport of bodybuilding. My senior year of high school I entered, and placed first, in a USBF natural bodybuilding show. I went on to win the teenage category of the NPC Rochester bodybuilding show as well as the NPC Mr. Buffalo competition the following year.

As you can probably guess, football didn’t work out. After tearing my ACL, along with other injuries, my dreams started to fade. I played a little football asa walk-on at Buffalo State College, but it just wasn’t meant to be. After feeling like a failure, I decided to make a big change in my lifeI have always had so much respect for soldiers, so I decided to become one. I left Buffalo State as an honor student, packed my things and headed to Florida to join the Florida Army National Guard. It was hard for me to take a year off of college for military training, but it was a great experience. I became a black hawk helicopter mechanic for the Army and enrolled back into college as soon as my initial training was complete. I have always had so much respect for soldiers, so I decided to become one. I left Buffalo State as an honor student, packed my things and headed to Florida to join the Florida Army National Guard. It was hard for me to take a year off of college for military training, but it was a great experience. I became a black hawk helicopter mechanic for the Army and enrolled back into college as soon as my initial training was complete.

Although I enrolled at the University of North Florida, and had military obligations, I still had a strong passion for fitness. I started competing in the NPC men’s physique category and eventually became nationally qualified. Soon after, I started getting offers for fitness modeling and I took advantage of those opportunities. I loved competing but didn’t have the best experience with the NPC. It seemed as though competitors were doing so much for the sport, with little in return. Also, as a natural competitor, it was getting harder and harder to compete in the NPC. It made sense for me to drop out of competitive bodybuilding completely and follow my fitness-modeling venture. This was great, because I was now getting paid for what I love to do, and there was no pressure to satisfy judges with the physique they wanted. It’s now solely a “you vs. you” mentality for me. Many people told me that they were inspired by me and wanted to know how I achieved my physique. I then became a certified personal trainer through the American College of Sports Medicine so I could help people reach their goals. Although I am certified, I firmly believe that the certification means very little. I realized anyone could become a trainer without any real world experience in the gym. Now, my goal is to create the most aesthetic physique possible, while inspiring others to do the same. There are no specific dates that I must be in shape, for me, its everyday. I’ve implemented fitness into my everyday life and it’s made me a better student, soldier, and person. I strive to share with you the quality of life that I’ve received from fitness.

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religion-is-a-mental-illness · 3 months

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By: Gregory Brown

Published: Sep 1, 2023

About the Author

Dr. Greg Brown is a professor of Exercise Science at the University of Nebraska at Kearney where he also serves as the Director of the LOPERs General Studies program. His primary teaching responsibilities are undergraduate and graduate courses in Exercise Physiology, but he has also taught courses in Introductory Anatomy & Physiology, Sports Nutrition, Research Methods, and Professional Development in Exercise Science. His research has evaluated the effects of nutritional supplements on the physiological response to exercise, the physiological responses to various types of exercise, effective teaching in the exercise science program, and sex-based differences in sports performance. He has authored or co-authored over 50 peer reviewed publications and serves as a peer-reviewer for over two dozen academic journals. He is a member of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA), and the Association of American Educators (AAE).

He and his wife (Amber) have two adult sons and one daughter-in-law. Sadly, both their cat and dog passed away in the past year. His hobbies include running, hunting, fishing, studying history, and watching movies.

In the current battle over women’s and girls’ rights to female-only sports, a commonly heard mantra is that there are no sex-based differences in sports performance before puberty. Those who make this claim often contend that if a male is put on puberty blockers before age 12 (or Tanner development stage 2; whichever comes first), he can compete fairly in the female category. But is this really true?Are there really no differences in athletic performance between boys and girls before the onset of puberty? Do puberty blockers administered to children really erase male sex-based athletic advantages? Below, I’ll try to provide answers to these questions.

Like many things currently being put forth in public discourse as settled science, the presence or absence of sex-based athletic differences before puberty is not an open and shut case. There are few databases of records for children’s competitive sports performance and there has been limited scholarly research evaluating sex-based differences in competitive sports performance before puberty. Currently, there are no consensus statements from professional organizations such as the North American Society for Pediatric Exercise Medicine (NASPEM), the National Strength & Conditioning Association (NSCA), the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), or the National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA) stating that there are, or are not, sex-based differences in athletic performance before puberty.

Below, I will cover the main reasons our data on pre-pubertal sex differences in athletic performance is relatively poor, and draw some preliminary conclusions based on the data we do have that indicates such differences are actually quite significant.

Lack of Records

One challenge that arises when trying to determine whether there are sex-based differences in athletic performance before puberty is the limited availability of records documenting competitive athletic performance in children. For adults participating at the Olympic and collegiate levels, meticulous record-keeping is the norm, and these records are readily accessible online. A simple internet search yields numerous listings of Olympic and collegiate records spanning various sports such as swimming, track and field, cross country, bicycling, and more.

Similarly, records for sports in secondary schools are also carefully maintained. In the United States, it is fairly easy to obtain the results of the most recent state high school track championship from news sources and on the state scholastic athletic association websites. Most secondary schools additionally showcase records for track and field, cross country, and other sports. The abundant availability of records in the Olympic, college, and secondary school arena makes it very easy to compare male and female athletes competing in the same events at the same level of competition. Such comparisons vividly illustrate that once puberty sets in, males outperform females by 10-30 percent (depending on the sport and event).

However, most sports involving pre-pubertal children operate outside the jurisdiction of state scholastic athletic association or even the local primary school. Instead, these activities are typically organized by local clubs or community recreation departments. Children’s sports often prioritize recreation and skill development over competitiveness. As a result, records pertaining to race times, throwing distances, weightlifting achievements, or other athletic benchmarks for children are not as meticulously maintained or as readily accessible as records for high school, college, or Olympic sports. Some have interpreted the lack of records for children’s sport as an indication that any sex-based differences in athletic performance before puberty are negligible or insignificant.

Lack of Scholarly Attention

Adding to the challenge of limited records detailing competitive athletic performance before puberty is the constrained number of available scientific evaluations. For example, Handelsman [1] analyzed publicly accessible data on swimming, running, and jumping in children and adolescents. Although his data clearly illustrate that boys aged 10 and under run faster, swim faster, and jump farther than girls of comparable age, he published these findings in 2017 in a paper titled “Sex differences in athletic performance emerge coinciding with the onset of male puberty.”

In 2019 Senefeld et al. [2] drew upon data from USA Swimming and found that, before age 10, the top 5 girls swam faster than the top 5 boys. However, no disparities in swimming performance were observed between the 10th-50th ranked girls and boys. Additionally, in 2020, Huebner and Perperoglou [3] reported that there were no sex-based differences in competitive weightlifting performance before age 10. To my knowledge, these studies represent the only scholarly examinations of competitive performance in children before puberty.

Taken together, the scarcity of sports records for pre-pubertal children and the limited scholarly output on children’s competitive performance has led some to conclude that there are no differences in athletic performance between boys and girls before puberty. Some have even gone so far as to erroneously asserting that a broad consensus exists regarding the absence of sex-based differences in athletic performance before this developmental stage. However, this does not appear to be true, and in the sections below I will present information that demonstrates the existence of sex-based differences in athletic performance before puberty.

School Based Fitness Testing

In contrast to the limited records available for sports performance and the scarcity of scholarly evaluations regarding children’s competitive sports performance, there exists a plethora of scholarly evaluations focused on school-based physical fitness testing in children as young as six years old. Various tests, such as the Presidential Fitness Test, FitnessGram, Eurofit Fitness Test Battery, and other school-based physical fitness assessments, consistently show that boys tend to outperform girls of the same age in tests measuring muscular strength, muscular endurance, running speed, aerobic fitness, ball throwing, and kicking distance. On the other hand, girls tend to perform better than boys in tests assessing flexibility.

A small sampling of publications evaluating school-based physical fitness testing includes a longitudinal evaluation of 240 German boys and girls aged 9-12 years [4], an analysis of 85,347 fitness test results among Australian boys and girls aged 9-17 years [5], an evaluation of 424,328 Greek boys and girls aged 6-18 years [6], a study examining 1,142,026 performances in a 20-meter shuttle run among boys and girls aged 9-17 year from 50 countries [7], and an assessment of 2,779,165 Eurofit performances among boys and girls aged 9-17 year from 30 countries [8].

Collectively, these studies (along with many others not listed here) indicate a consistent pattern: before puberty, boys tend to outperform girls of the same age in tests measuring muscular strength, muscular endurance, running speed, aerobic fitness, ball throwing, and kicking distance. Conversely, girls typically exhibit better performance in tests focused on flexibility. While physical fitness tests do not always accurately predict success in competitive sports, physical fitness is often a prerequisite for success in sports.

Sports Records

USA Track and Field (USATF) sanctions youth track and field meets in most states, including regional and national championship events. The youngest age categories in USATF are the 8-and-under and the 9-10-year-old age groups, both of which can reasonably be assumed to represent pre-pubertal athletes. Upon evaluating the performances at the USATF state-level Junior Olympics, it becomes apparent that boys frequently jump and throw farther, and run faster than comparably aged girls.

For instance, if we examine the race times for the 100m, 200m, 400m, 800m, and 1500m races, along with the distances achieved in shot put, javelin, and long jump events in the 2023 USATF Nebraska Association Junior Olympics [9], for both boys and girls in the 8-and-under age group, we find that no girl would have outperformed a boy to secure the gold, silver, or bronze medals in any of these events. For the same events in the 9-10-year-old age group, only one girl would have secured a gold medal (out of a possible 8), while two girls would have clinched silver medals (out of 8), and another two girls would have won bronze medals (out of 8). Of course, one could reasonably argue that data from a single youth track meet in Nebraska may not be representative data for pre-pubertal athletic performance as a whole.

So, if we make the same comparison in the same events (100m, 200m, 400m, 800m and 1500m races, and the distances for shot put, javelin, and long jump) in the 2023 USATF Arizona Association Junior Olympics [10], we observe that girls in the 8-and-under age group would have secured zero gold medals, one silver medal, and two bronze medals. In the 9-10-year-old category, a girl would have tied with a boy for a single gold medal, and three girls would have taken home bronze medals. Yet, once again, one could reasonably argue that the combined data from track meets in Nebraska and Arizona may not accurately represent the broader spectrum of pre-pubertal athletic performance.

So, if we make the same comparison for the same events (100m, 200m, 400m, 800m and 1500m races, and the distances for shot put, javelin, and long jump) at the 2023 USATF National Youth Outdoor Championships [11]—an event that includes athletes from many different states—we discover that girls in the 8-and-under age group would have won two gold medals (out of 8), three silver medals (out of 8), and no bronze medals. Girls in the 9-10-year-old age group would have won a single gold medal, two silver medals, and two bronze medals. Collectively, looking at these three track meets, placing side by side the race times for the 100m, 200m, 400m, 800m, and 1500m races, as well as the distances for shot put, javelin, and long jump for boys and girls in the 8-and-under and 9-10-year-old age groups, it’s clear that if girls were to compete against boys, they would have secured only 23 out of 144 medals. Within this tally, girls would have received only five out of 48 gold medals.

Of course, one could reasonably argue that the examples above represent only a single year and only three specific track meets. However, if we evaluate the overall youth records for the best performances in running, throwing, and jumping from USATF [12], the USATF National Junior Olympics [13], and the School Sport Australia Track & Field Championships [14], they collectively indicate that boys aged 10 and under outperform girls of the same age across all recorded events. On average, boys outperform girls by 3 percent in running, 9 percent in jumping, and 16 percent in throwing events. Similarly, records for boys aged 10 and under in USA Swimming show faster times than girls' records in 18 out of 22 events [15].

While examining medal counts at specific track meets offers valuable, albeit somewhat anecdotal, insights into performance differences between boys and girls before puberty, these counts do not qualify as a rigorous scientific evaluation. Though scholars often use evaluations of overall records for best performances to showcase sex-based differences in adult athletic performance, disparities in pre-pubertal children’s performance are frequently dismissed as being too small to be meaningful. Moreover, the overall youth records from USATF have not been updated since 2018, the records from the USATF National Junior Olympics have not been updated since 2019, and the School Sport Australia Track & Field Championship records have not seen updates since 2016. It’s unclear why these records have not been updated, but it does raise some questions about the accuracy of these records.

Nonetheless, by considering scholarly assessments of school-based fitness test data, several youth track meets, track and field best performance records, and swimming best performance records, it certainly seems like there is an emerging pattern of pre-pubertal male sex-based athletic advantages.

Scholarly Evidence for Sex-Based Sports Differences Before Puberty

Some colleagues and I have recently presented an assessment of sex-based differences in athletic performance before puberty at the 2023 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine [16]. Drawing upon a national database of track and field performance (athletic.net) and evaluating the top 10 performances for boys and girls in the 8-and-under and 9-10-year-old age groups over a 5-year period, we observed consistent trends. Boys consistently (and statistically) ran almost 5 percent faster, long jumped 6 percent farther, threw the shot put 20 percent farther, and threw the javelin 40 percent farther than girls of the same age. At the 2023 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, a separate team of researchers from a different university used the same database, albeit with slightly different evaluation methods, and came to similar conclusions regarding the pre-pubertal advantages of male athletes [17].

In light of these findings, it is reasonable to conclude that male athletes indeed possess advantages in sports performance before reaching puberty. This conclusion is founded on extensive scholarly evaluations of fitness tests in schools, data gleaned from youth track meets and records, as well as youth swimming records for best performances. My personal analysis of the top 10 national track and field performances for boys and girls within the 8-and-under and 9-10-year-old age groups across a 5-year period supports this, further corroborated by similar outcomes from another team of researchers. Admittedly, the sex-based disparities before puberty are less pronounced than after puberty, but they exhibit a consistent pattern that yields a statistically significant difference favoring male athletes.

What about Puberty Blockers?

Whether there are, or are not, sex-based differences in athletic performance before puberty still leaves questions about how puberty blockers affect athletic performance. The truth is, we don’t have enough information to answer questions about how puberty blockers affect athletic performance. There are no published studies evaluating the effects of puberty blockers on muscle strength, muscle endurance, running speed, aerobic fitness, as well as throwing or kicking distance in children, whether in school or laboratory settings. Similarly, there is no research on how puberty blockers might impact performance in competitive sports. Limited studies have touched upon the effects of puberty blockers on body composition and height.

Two long-term studies investigating the impact of puberty blockers on body composition and height indicate that the sex-based differences in lean body mass [18] and height [19] persist even after 2 years on puberty blockers followed by an additional 6 years of so-called “gender-affirming hormone therapy.” It is undeniable that male advantages in lean body mass and body height translate to athletic advantages as adults. It’s reasonable to assume that these advantages also extend to athletic performance among children and adolescents. The sex-based differences in performance in children may be smaller than in adults, but small differences can mean the difference between a gold medal and no medal in sports.

Conclusion

Readers of Reality’s Last Stand��will be familiar with the important sex-based differences between males and females. These differences begin at conception and continue throughout one’s life. Sex-based anatomical and physiological differences confer inherent athletic advantages to males when compared to females of the same age, possessing similar talents and undergoing similar training, across all age groups, even before puberty. Having a transgender identity, with or without the use of cross-sex hormones, does not eliminate sex-based differences in anatomy and physiology, nor does it erase sex-based differences in athletic performance.

It is my opinion that, in order to maintain a level playing field for female athletic competition, transgender identified males (i.e., “transgirls” and “transwomen”) should not be allowed to participate in the female sports category before or after puberty even when puberty blockers are used.

3 notes · View notes