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dr-smita-goel-homeopathy-clinic · 4 days

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*Dr. Smita Goel Homeopathy Clinic*

www.thehomeopathyclinic.co.in

A person with short stature, or restricted growth, does not grow as tall as other people of the same gender, age, and ethnicity. The person's height is below the 3rd percentile.

Short stature can be a variant of normal growth, or it may indicate a disorder or condition.

Growth rate is an important indicator of overall health. Children who do not reach the 5th percentile by the age of 5 years are said to be small for gestational age (SGA). A pediatrician will look out for signs of "failure to thrive."

Early intervention can prevent future problems in many cases.

Normally, at 8 years of age, a child's arm span is around the same as their height. If these measurements are out of proportion, this may be a sign of disproportionate short stature (DSS), sometimes known as "dwarfism."

Fast facts on short stature

Here are some key points about short stature. More detail is in the main article.

• Short stature can happen for a wide range of reasons, including having small parents, malnutrition, and genetic conditions such as achondroplasia.

• Proportionate short stature (PSS) is when the person is small, but all the parts are in the usual proportions. In disproportionate short stature (DSS), the limbs may be small compared with the trunk.

• If short stature results from a growth hormone (GH) deficiency, GH treatment can often boost growth.

• Some people may experience long-term medical complications, but intelligence is not usually affected.

Causes

Growth depends on a complex range of factors, including genetic makeup, nutrition, and hormonal influences.

The most common cause of short stature is having parents whose height is below average, but around 5 percent of children with short stature have a medical condition.

Conditions that can underlie short stature include:

• Undernutrition, due to a disease or lack of nutrients

• Hypothyroidism, leading to a lack of growth hormone

• A tumor in the pituitary gland

• Diseases of the lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, or gastrointestinal tract

• Conditions that affect the production of collagen and other proteins

• Some chronic diseases, such as celiac disease and other inflammatory disorders

• Mitochondrial disease, which can affect the body in different ways, including growth

Sometimes, an injury to the head during childhood can lead to reduced growth.

A lack of growth hormone can also lead to delayed or absent sexual development.

Rheumatologic diseases, such as arthritis, are linked to short stature. This may happen because of the disease, or as a result of the glucocorticoid treatment, which can affect the release of growth hormone.

Disproportionate short stature (DSS) usually stems from a genetic mutation that affects the development of bone and cartilage and undermines physical growth.

The parents may not have short stature, but they may pass on a condition that is linked to DSS, such as achondroplasia, mucopolysaccharide disease, and spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED).

Types

There are different types and causes of short stature, or restricted growth, and they will present differently. Because the range of conditions is so broad, restricted growth can be classified in various ways.

One categorization is:

• Variant restricted growth

• Proportionate short stature (PSS)

• Disproportionate short stature (DSS)

Each of these categories includes a number of types and causes of short stature.

Variant restricted growth

Sometimes a person is small but otherwise healthy. This can be referred to as variant restricted growth. It may happen for genetic or hormonal reasons.

If the parents are also small, this can be called familial short stature (FSS). If it stems from a hormonal issue, it is a constitutional delay in growth and adolescence (CDGA).

The limbs and the head develop in proportion with the spine, and the individual is otherwise healthy.

Growth happens throughout the body, so the legs, for example, are in proportion with the spine.

In most cases, the individual's parents are also small, but sometimes small stature happens because the body does not produce enough growth hormone (GH), or the body does not process growth hormone properly. This is known as GH insensitivity. Hypothyrodism can lead to low hormone production.

Growth hormone treatment during childhood may help.

Proportionate short stature (PSS)

Sometimes, overall growth is restricted, but the person's body is in proportion, and the individual has a related health problem. This is known as proportionate short stature (PSS).

If the individual is heavy for their height, this can suggest a hormone problem. The problem could be hypothyroidism, excess glucorticoid production, or too little GH.

A person who is small and their weight is low for their height may be experiencing malnutrition, or they may have a disorder that leads to malabsorption.

Whatever the underlying reason, if it affects overall growth, it may impact development in at least one body system, so treatment is needed.

During adulthood, a person with this type of restricted growth is more likely to experience:

• osteoporosis

• cardiovascular problems

• reduced muscle strength

Rarely, there may be cognitive problems, or problems with thinking. This depends on the cause of the short stature.

Disproportionate short stature (DSS)

Disproportionate short stature (DSS) is linked to a genetic mutation. The parents are usually of average height. As with other types of short stature, a range underlying causes is possible.

An individual with DSS will be small in height, and they will have other unusual physical features. These may be visible at birth, or they may develop in time as the infant develops.

Most individuals will have an average-sized trunk and short limbs, but some people may have a very short trunk and shortened, but disproportionately large limbs. Head size may be disproportionately large.

Intelligence or cognitive abilities are unlikely to be affected unless the person has hydrocephalus, or too much fluid around the brain.

Achondroplasia underlies around 70 percent of cases of DSS. It affects around 1 in 15,000 to 1 in 40,000 people.

Features include:

• an average-sized trunk

• short limbs, especially the upper arms and legs

• short fingers, possibly with a wide space between the middle and ring fingers

• limited mobility in the elbows

• a large head with a prominent forehead and flattened bridge of the nose

• bowed legs

• lordosis, a progressive development of a swayed lower back

• average adult height of 4 feet, or 122 cm

Hypochondroplasia is a mild form of achondroplasia. It may be difficult to differentiate between familial short stature and achondroplasia.

Achondroplasia and hypochondroplasia result from a genetic mutation.

Genetic conditions, such as Turner syndrome, Down syndrome, or Prader Willi syndrome, are also linked to DSS.

Diagnosis

Some types of short stature can be diagnosed at birth. In other cases, routine visits to a pediatrician should reveal any abnormal growth pattern.

The doctor will record the child's head circumference, height, and weight.

If the doctor suspects restricted growth, they will carry out a physical examination, look at the child's medical and family history, and possibly carry out some tests.

These may include:

An x-ray, to assess for problems with bone development

An insulin tolerance test, to check for a deficiency in the growth hormone insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).

In this test, insulin is injected into a vein, causing blood glucose levels to drop. Normally, this would trigger the pituitary gland to release growth hormone (GH). If GH levels are lower than normal, there may be a GH deficiency.

Other tests include:

• a thyroid-stimulating hormone test, to check for hypothyroidism

• a complete blood count, to test for anemia

• metabolic tests, to assess liver and kidney function

• erythrocyte sedimentation and C-reactive protein tests, to assess for inflammatory bowel disease

• urine tests can check for enzyme deficiency disorders

• tissue transglutinase and immunoglobulin A tests, for celiac disease

• imaging scans, such as an x-ray of the skeleton and the skull or an MRI, can detect problems with the pituitary gland or hypothalamus

• bone marrow or skin biopsies may help confirm conditions associated with short stature

Treatment

Treatment will depend on the cause of the short stature.

If there are signs of malnutrition, the child may need nutritional supplements or treatment for a bowel disorder or other condition that is preventing them from absorbing nutrients.

If growth is restricted or delayed because of a hormonal problem, GH treatment may be necessary.

Pediatric hormone treatment: In children who produce too little GH, a daily injection of hormone treatment may stimulate physical growth later in life. Medications, such as somatropin, may eventually add 4 inches, or 10 centimeters, to adult height.

Adult hormone treatment

: Treatment for adults can help protect against complications, for example, cardiovascular disease and low bone mineral density.

Somatropin, also known as recombinant GH, might be recommended for people who:

• have a severe growth hormone deficiency

• experience impaired quality of life

• are already receiving treatment for another pituitary hormone deficiency

Adult patients generally self-administer daily with an injection.

Adverse effects of somatropin include headache, muscle pain, edema, or fluid retention, problems with eyesight, joint pain, vomiting, and nausea.

The patient may receive treatment to control chronic conditions, such as heart disease, lung disease, and arthritis.

Treatment for DSS

As DSS often stems from a genetic disorder, treatment focuses mainly on the complications.

Some patients with very short legs may undergo leg lengthening. The leg bone is broken and then fixed into a special frame. The frame is adjusted daily to lengthen the bone.

This does not always work, it takes a long time, and there is a risk of complications, including:

• pain

• the bone forming badly or at an inappropriate rate

• infection

• deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a blood clot in a vein

Other possible surgical treatments include:

• use of growth plates, where metal staples are inserted into the ends of long bones where growth takes place, to help bones grow in the right direction

• inserting staples or rods to help the spine form the right shape

• increasing the size of the opening in the bones of the spine to reduce pressure on the spinal cord

Regular monitoring can reduce the risk of complications.

Complications

A person with DSS may experience a number of complications.

These include:

• arthritis later in life

• delayed mobility development

• dental problems

• bowed legs

• hearing problems and otitis media

• hydrocephalus, or too much fluid in the brain cavities

• hunching of the back

• limb problems

• swaying of the back

• narrowing of the channel in the lower spine during adulthood and other spine problem

• sleep apnea

• weight gain

• speech and language problems

Individuals with proportionate short stature (PSS) may have poorly developed organs and pregnancy complications, such as respiratory problems. Delivery will normally be by cesarean section.

Outlook

Most people with short stature will have a normal life expectancy, and 90 percent of children who are small for their age at 2 years will "catch up" by adulthood.

The 10 percent who do not catch up are likely to have a condition such as fetal alcohol, Prader-Willi, or Down syndrome.

A person with achondroplasia can also expect a normal lifespan.

However, some serious conditions that are linked to some cases of short stature can be fatal.

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leva1 · 9 months

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namastetastehub · 6 months

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reach-neep · 1 year

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oasisbaklawa · 1 year

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exploretravelallalongsblog · 1 year

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I grew up in my home state 'Delhi', the National Capital Territory of India also known as 'Dilli dil walon ki", which has some lip-smacking food. From your chatpata street food to budget-friendly to fine dining. I Will be sharing my top 5 of my favourites and not-so-known restaurants and cafes that you can visit with your family, friends and loved ones in the Delhi capital.

Lha Kitchen:

Lha Kitchen focuses on 4

different cuisines-Tibetan, Nepalese, Bhutanese and Chinese. This place has 22 varieties of momos veg/non-veg. Other than momos they have some interesting Tibetan butter tea, mushroom Datsi and Tin Mo.

I tried their Chicken shape Which had a crispy outer layer with chicken filling inside. Make sure to enjoy spicy chutney which will make you crave more. Next, I ordered

Sandekho Momos or I should say 'Momos ki chat', was extremely flavourful and chatpata.

Location: 168,1st floor, Humayunpur, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi, Delhi 110029

Cost for 2: Rs 600 /-

Paul, Vasant Kunj:

Paul has 2 outlets all over Delhi, one is in Vasant Kunj ambience mall, and the second one is in Gurgaon Ambience mall. If you want to eat and dine in an authentic European way with world-class service then Paul should be on the top list. I love eating their fish and chips, Chicken burgers, and pizza. If you are a coffee lover then don't forget to try their coffee.

Location

Vasant kunj: UG-28A, Ambience Mall, Nelson Mandela Marg, Vasant Kunj, Delhi 110070

Gurgaon: G-1 , Ground Floor ,Ambience Mall, Sector 24, Gurugram, Haryana 122022

Cost for 2: Rs 1400/-

YooMee

If you love Pan- Asian Cuisine along with Japanese Manga comic strips. Enjoy with Ramen, Sushi and yummy Dim Sums then this place should be on the top list of yours. By far this is the only place in Delhi I am aware of, where I have tried Veg sticky rice (and I love it that). This place has won my heart in terms of price, quality and quality.

Fun fact- this is the first place where I tried sushi for the first time, and my experience was just amazing.

My personal Recommendations are Konjee crispy lamb, Crunchy chicken dumpling,

Char siu pork belly, Tom Yum soup veg

Location: E Block Rd M27, Ground Floor, Block M, Market, Greater Kailash, New Delhi, Delhi 110048

Cost for 2: Rs 900 to 1000

CHÔ Vietnamese Kitchen & Bar

It is a very chic and classy Vietnamese restaurant with a warm light and camping vibe. They offer some lip-smacking Dimsums, pho and fish. Honestly, everything I tasted was mind-blowing and impressive. I don't want to spill all the beans so go and experience the warm hospitality, Visually touching presentation and of course the yummylicious food. My personal Recommendation:

Firecracker chicken

Turmeric chicken chili dumplings

Chicken pho

Turmeric fried rice

Cha cha sizzling fish

Vietnamese curry chicken

Location: H 5/1, FF LHS Kalkadass Marg, Mehrauli, New Delhi

Cost for 2 : Rs 3000 with Alcohol

Colocal Chocolates

If you have a sweet tooth then check out this last cafe with your gang. Colocal offers the finest Indian - grown cacao and has some smooth, rich chocolates in Delhi. You must have seen the famous campfire hot chocolate all over social media, And definitely, it's worth the hype. This should be on top of the list if you love love love chocolate.

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location :

Khan market: 65, 1st Floor, Khan Market, New Delhi

Chattarpur: 100 Feet Road, The Dhan Mill Compound, Chhatarpur, New Delhi

Cost for 2: Rs 1000/-

I Hope after reading this you are craving for yummy and delicious food. If in case you are lazy and don't feel like reading then check out this video 😉

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agrawal-restaurant · 2 years

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foodwithrecipes · 3 days

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Aslam Tasla Butter Chicken. Chicken is a good source of high-quality protein, which is essential for muscle growth and repair, as well as overall health. Read full recipe https://foodrecipesoffical.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=4144&action=edit… https://foodrecipesoffical.blogspot.com/2024/04/616-healthy-food-recipe-aslam-tasla.html… http://foodrecipesoffical.blogspot.com

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dr-smita-goel-homeopathy-clinic · 12 days

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*Dr. Smita Goel Homeopathy Clinic*

www.thehomeopathyclinic.co.in

Joints are the parts of your body where your bones meet. Joints allow the bones of your skeleton to move. Joints include:

• shoulders

• hips

• elbows

• knees

Joint pain refers to discomfort, aches, and soreness in any of the body’s joints. Joint pain is a common complaint. It doesn’t typically require a hospital visit. Sometimes, joint pain is the result of an illness or injury. Arthritis is also a common cause of joint pain. However, it can also be due to other conditions or factors.

Arthritis

One of the most common causes of joint pain is arthritis. The two main forms of arthritis are osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

According to many medical orgainisation, OA is most common in adults over the age of 40. It progresses slowly and tends to affect commonly used joints like the:

• wrists

• hands

• hips

• knees

Joint pain due to OA results from a breakdown of the cartilage that serves as a cushion and shock absorber for the joints.

The second form of arthritis is RA. It more commonly affects women than men. It can deform and debilitate the joints over time. RA causes pain, inflammation, and fluid buildup in the joints as the body’s immune system attacks the membrane that lines the joints.

Other Causes

Joint pain can be caused by:

• bursitis, or inflammation of the cushioning pads around joints

• lupus

• gout

• certain infectious diseases, such as mumps, influenza, and hepatitis

• chondromalacia of the patella, or a breakdown of the cartilage in the kneecap

• an injury

• tendinitis, or inflammation of the tendon

• an infection of the bone

• overuse of a joint

• cancer

• fibromyalgia

• osteoporosis

• sarcoidosis

• rickets

Symptoms

In some cases, your joint pain will require you to see a doctor. You should make an appointment if you don’t know the cause of your joint pain and are experiencing other unexplained symptoms. You should also see a doctor if the area around the joint is swollen, red, tender, or warm to the touch, the pain persists for three days or more, or you have a fever but no other signs of the flu.

Go to the emergency room if any of the following occurs:

• You’ve experienced a serious injury.

• The joint appears deformed.

• Swelling of the joint occurs suddenly.

• The joint is completely immobile.

• You have severe joint pain.

Diagnosed

Your doctor will probably perform a physical exam. They’ll also ask you a series of questions about your joint pain. This may help to narrow down the potential causes.

A joint X-ray may be necessary to identify arthritis-related joint damage. If your doctor suspects there’s another cause, they may perform a blood test to screen for certain autoimmune disorders. They may also perform a sedimentation rate test to measure the level of inflammation in the body or a complete blood count.

Complications Associated with Joint Pain

Joint pain is often a result of the damage that occurs through normal wear and tear. However, it can also be a sign of an infection or potentially debilitating RA.

You should see your doctor if you have any unexplained joint pain, especially if it doesn’t go away on its own after a few days. Early detection and diagnosis can allow for effective treatment of the underlying cause of your discomfort.

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