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bookofjin · 4 years

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Biography of He Ne

[From WS083. His actual family name would have been Helan. I have also included the opening remarks of the chapter on in-laws. This is one of the Weishu chapters were the full original is lost, and the received text is a “reconstruction” from the Beishi.]

In all cases to put the worthy to the right and relatives to the left, to place high virtue and esteem merit, these are the means by which a state governs Under Heaven. When Yin commenced the kingly foundations, they did not rely on the Shen clan as aides, when Zhou completed the great legacy, they had not heard of the Si family as assistants.

On reaching the era of Han, relatives by marriage were particularly esteemed. They themselves were killed and their families toppled, carrying on after each other in the Two Capitals, therefore arriving at the shift of their cauldrons and seal, bringing chaos to their nation and state. Wen of Wei deeply considered it a warning, Emperor Ming still ennobled the oafish and stupid. Jin's Yang Jun soon reached the extermination of his lineage.

To reside above is not used to reach honour and be entrusted with things, to be below to no avail employ private favour and demand glory. A budding calf pulling a great chariot, or weak material being relied on for thick beams, it is said that loving them is the means by which to harm them.

At the beginning of Taizu's reign, He Ne had a patrimony of section multitudes, joining to complete the august blessing. For the remainder, some hence were laborious and industrious, some clung to bounty and favour. Completely arranging their traces in order, the flourishing and decline of raised up relatives by marriage is said thus.

He Ne was a native of Dai, he was Taizu's foremost maternal uncle, and the elder brother of Empress Xianming. His ancestors had for generations been chieftains, in all directions those who adhered to the state were several tens of sections. His grandfather He first began to have achievements in the state, he wed a daughter of Pingwen [r. 317 – 318]. His father Yegan wed a daughter of Zhaocheng [r. 338 - 376], the Princess of Longxi.

When Zhaocheng expired [in 376 AD], the various sections were rebellious and chaotic. Xianming Taizu and the Kings of Wey and Qin relied on Ne. It happened that Fu Jian made Liu Kuren divide and administer the affairs of state. Hence Taizu turned back to stay with the Dugu section.

Ne overall administered the eastern section as Chief, and moved to stay at Daning. In his actions he was kind and truthful, many of the multitudes turned to him, and he was equal to Kuren. Fu Jian made use of Ne as Hawk Rising General.

Later, when Liu Xian was planning rebellion, Taizu heard about it, and riding lightly returned north to Ne. Ne saw Taizu, and in startled delight did obeisance, saying:

The official house after restoring the state must recall this old subject.

Taizu laughed and replied, saying:

Truly, like [my] maternal uncle says, it will not be forgotten.

Ne's middle younger brother Rangan was rough and brutal, he was envious of Taizu, and often plotted to make rebellion. Every time he was held close and protected by his father's wife, the Princess of Longxi, and for that reason Rangan did not get to indulge his calamitous heart. Hence the Great Men of the various sections requested Ne and his brothers to seek to lift up Taizu as the ruler. Rangan said:

[He] is in the middle of our state, why would he get it!

Ne said:

The Emperor is the generational heir of the great state, and will raise up and restore the previous legacy, by the fortune of being in the middle of our state. [Rather than] often be supporting and sustaining, establishing and carrying on successive deeds, you still have a different opinion, how is that a subject's steadfastness!

Thereupon he and the various people urged advancement, and Taizu ascended the throne of King of Dai at Niuchuan.

When Taizu chastised the Tutulin section, Ne and his brothers thereupon held in their breasts disloyal plots, and led various sections to aid them. The Emperor struck them, and they were greatly scattered. Ne escaped west. Weichen dispatched his son Zhilidi to conquer Ne. Ne reported the urgency and requested to surrender. Taizu picked 200 000 of the finest cavalry to aid him. Thereupon he moved Ne's section groups and his various younger brothers, and settled them in the eastern regions.

Ne also communicated with Murong Chui, and Chui used Ne as King who Reverts to the Good. Rangan planned to kill Ne and install himself in replacement. Ne and Rangan thereupon attacked each other. Chui dispatched his son Lin to chastise them, he defeated Rangan at Niudu, and routed Ne at Chicheng. Taizu dispatched a host to aid Ne. Lin therefore pulled back and withdrew.

Ne accompanied Taizu to pacify the Central Plains, and was designated General who Calms the Distant. After that they separated and scattered the various sections, allotted land and decided residence, and paid no heed to moving and migrating. Their lords, chiefs and great men were all similarly arranged in households. Ne as the prime maternal uncle very much was venerated and esteemed, but still never commanded or led. He hence ended his lifespan with his family.

Ne's younger brother Lu likewise accompanied to pacify the Central Plains, and for his merits was bestowed feudal rank as Duke of Liaoxi. Taizu dispatched Lu to meet with the King of Wey, Yi, and attack Ye. Yet since Lu was himself one of Taizu's junior maternal uncles, he was not willing to accept Yi's rules and measures. Taizu dispatched envoys to call him to account. Lu thereupon was angry and resentful.

He schemed with Yi's Marshal Ding Jian to complete their dissatisfactions, fully adding to the suspicion and envy. It happened that Taizu directed Yi to leave Ye, and Lu likewise pulled back and returned. Taizu used Lu as Grand Warden of Guangchuan.

Lu was by nature outstanding and brave, and was ashamed at being the subordinate of the Inspector of Ji province, Wang Fu. He assaulted and killed Fu, and ran to Murong De. De used him as Inspector of Bing province and King of Guangning. When Guanggu fell, Lu likewise came to naught.

Ne's junior cousin Yue. Earlier at Taizu's stay as the subordinate of the Helan section, people feelt he had not yet many adherents, only Yue recommended the section to follow and accompany. He also privately made prayers for Taizu to the Heavenly gods, requesting to complete the great legacy, brining out the extent of his sincerity. Taizu praised him, and he very much was favoured and waited on. Later when they pacified the Central Plains, he was for his merits bestowed feudal rank as Marquis of Julu. He advanced in feudal rank to Duke of Beixin. He passed on.

His son Ni inherited the feudal rank, he was later demoted to Marquis of Feiru. When Taizu collapsed, the Imperial City was troubled and disturbed. Ni set out to raise a signal fire to the north of Anyang City. The people of the Helan section all went to attend him. Taizong was enthroned, and he therefore ceased. Decreed that Ni, Yuan Hun, and ohters, 8 people were to retrive the lost to the left and right. He and the Marquis of Beixin, An Tong, Held the Tally to Act in Bing and Ding provinces. He memorialised condemnations of the Inspector of Bing province, Yuan Liutou, and others, all submitted to their crimes. The provinces and commanderies paid their respects.

Later he accompanied Shizu to campaign against Helian Chang. For his merit he was advanced in feudal rank to Duke of Langye. At the great discussions of army and state, he always assisted in preparing them. He also campaigned against the Ruanruan, and held command of a detached route. He was convicted of not advancing when they chased the thieves, and for fraudulently increasing the number of captives. He was to be beheaded, but paid for redemption to become a commoner. Some time after, he was designated Superintendent of the Brilliantly Blessed. He became Great Official of the Outer Capital, and was restored to his original feudal rank. He passed on in office.

His son Choujian inherited.

#ws083

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221brownstone · 5 years

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TVLine: Elementary Boss Talks Series Finale's Moriarty Threat, Reveals the Ending He Nixed for Sherlock and Joan

"I confess I thought about one of them dying before all was said and done. I won’t tell you which one. It was something I felt we at least had to talk about and explore. ... And yet, I didn’t want to kill off another beloved character for the sake of ending a series."

TVLINE | We’ve talked about how you thought the Season 6 finale was going to be the series finale, and then you were renewed and had to come up with a new series finale. What did you like about this series finale that you weren’t able to do in the previous one? It was an opportunity to end everything on better terms for our core cast of characters. Things ended badly between Sherlock and Gregson, and having a seventh season and a second series finale was an opportunity to address that. The other opportunity it represented was jumping ahead in time to give everyone who’s watched the show so faithfully a glimpse at how people’s lives had turned out, how they progressed and changed and stayed the same. The Season 6 finale wasn’t really built to jump forward, so I was glad we got to do it in Season 7.

TVLINE | When it came to Bell, did you decide it was just more of a natural fit for him to be the new captain rather than going off into the Marshals like he originally planned? Yeah. We may have strained credibility just a bit in that he rose to captain relatively quickly. I think there are more hoops that one has to jump through to get that sort of promotion in the span of three years. But it was worth it. The 11th Precinct always felt, to us, like his home, and New York City was where he belonged. It’s frankly more fun to see him take the position that his mentor once held. Gregson has stepped aside, but everything is still in excellent hands because Marcus is there. As far as planning the finale, we wouldn’t have gotten as much out of a Marcus who works for the Marshals.

TVLINE | I was very happy to see that Joan was finally able to start the family that she’s always wanted. Was it important for you to find a way to balance those two parts of her life in the end? Yeah. That was another upside of a seventh season. I think it’s possible she would have become a parent in Season 6 if we had had a little more control of our schedule and number of episodes. It’s something that had to be put on a back-burner. If [Season] 6 had been the end, it just would have fallen away completely. So yes, we were glad to have a chance to tell a little bit more of that story and bring all of the work she did in Season 6 to become a parent to fruition. And yeah, balance is absolutely important, and it’s certainly true to who Joan is. I think if she ever thought that her work as a detective was negatively impacting her parenting of Arthur, she would make adjustments. She would find a way to put her son ahead of all of that. In that way, it’s also true to who Lucy [Liu] is as a parent. I’ve watched her so gracefully become a parent over the lifetime of the show. The show is a lot of work, but it’s also obviously a lot of work to be a parent, and she handled it so smoothly. I think what you see in Joan at the end of the series, it’s truer to who Lucy is.

TVLINE | Since we didn’t see what happens in that one year that Sherlock decides to stay and help Joan, can you talk about what kind of a role he plays in Arthur’s life? Are they a non-traditional family? I believe, first and foremost, he was her support system over the course of that year that we didn’t get to see. In a lot of respects, he was what Joan was to him in the first season of the show. Obviously, each would have been dealing with very different problems, but having lived with Joan for seven years and having become, essentially, a part of her family, our present-day Sherlock is equipped to be that for someone. So I’m sure it was a lot of tending to Arthur, as needed, while she underwent chemo and whenever she felt sick. I also imagine work probably fell away for a while for both of them, which for the Sherlock of seven years ago would have been impossible. He thought that’s what he needed, that was his oxygen. But Joan is his family, and has been for quite some time, and so that makes Arthur his family as well.

TVLINE | And it’s nice that they can be a couple without being romantic, which is something that you’ve stuck to throughout the series run. I wish I could say it was really hard, but when you know what you want to do, that makes it quite a bit easier. There was never any pressure from on high. Certainly, there was a section of the fanbase that looked for it. But it was always more interesting to me to keep things platonic, show a great friendship instead of a great romance.

TVLINE | Moriarty played a big role in the finale, even though we didn’t actually ever see her. Why did you decide to focus so heavily on her? Our last two episodes borrowed a lot of elements from stories in canon, and these were stories in which Moriarty played an important part. It felt canonically appropriate to, in some small way, make Moriarty a part of the end of our story about Holmes and Watson. Beyond that, logistically, we thought the stakes needed to be appropriately high for Joan to beckon Sherlock out of hiding. It’s hard to beat the stakes of a returned Moriarty. She really fit the bill, in that respect. For the most part, a lot of what we’re hearing about her in the finale is true — she is out there, she’s a threat — but ultimately, it’s her name that’s being invoked. She’s not really behind anything that’s happening. And yet, I think it’s pretty clear that she’s someone that Sherlock and Joan will continue to come up against. We won’t be able to see those episodes, but I liked the idea of her being out there and continuing to be a foe to Sherlock and Joan.

TVLINE | So it’s definitely settled: She’s still alive? She has to be! Yes, I will say she’s absolutely still alive.

TVLINE | Were there any discussion or attempts made to bring her back in the flesh? Or did you prefer to have her be this looming offscreen presence? We talked about it very briefly, and to be honest, I was worried that too much spotlight would be stolen from the people who really matter. We spent seven years with Sherlock and Joan. We spent a handful of episodes with Moriarty. Natalie [Dormer] is so amazing, and she was an exceptional Moriarty. It can distract if you’re utilizing her and that character at the wrong time. I really wanted this to feel like the end of a story about Sherlock and Joan, and not the end of a story about Sherlock and Joan and Jamie Moriarty.

TVLINE | Did you ever think about having Sherlock or Joan possibly die? Or did you really want there to be a happy ending? I confess I thought about one of them dying before all was said and done. I won’t tell you which one. It was something I felt we at least had to talk about and explore. But I worked at a show called Medium for six years prior to creating Elementary, and I got to co-write the series finale for that show. We, ultimately, settled on a story in which the husband of the main character dies. It felt incredibly appropriate to a show about ghosts and the afterlife and marriage. But there have been times over the years where I felt guilty about the way we ended it. As appropriate as it was and as proud as I was of what we did, it was heartbreaking that one character had lost her partner. Ultimately, that was a big reason for us telling the kind of story that we did [on Elementary]. [I don’t] regret the Medium finale. It was a highlight of my career, being a part of it. And yet, I didn’t want to kill off another beloved character for the sake of ending a series.

TVLINE | One of the things that this finale and the Season 6 finale have in common is that they both end with Joan and Sherlock together, doing their thing. What was the final feeling that you wanted to leave viewers with? I guess it’s a taste and preferences thing. What I mean is, personally, I’ve seen series finales over the years where I think there was too much change. Things change violently because it’s a show trying to go out with a bang. It can be upsetting sometimes to think a universe and a cast of characters that you devoted yourself to over [several] seasons is ending. Someone’s killed off, or a marriage breaks up, things of that nature. I think sometimes it works, but sometimes, it’s left me cold. You can end up wondering, “Why did I spend seven, eight, nine years invested in this, only to have it all blow up in the end?” We wanted change, obviously. Sherlock and Joan’s circumstances have changed. But I also, ultimately, felt it was important to suggest to the people who stayed with us for so long that the adventure continues, the relationship endures. There’s more coming, and we can feel good about leaving Sherlock and Joan where they are.

#sherlock holmes #joan watson #jamie moriarty #marcus bell #tommy gregson #their last bow #spoilers #rob doherty #read more

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fuyonggu · 5 years

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Book of Jin 89: Biography of Wang Bao

I was a bit surprised to see that Creative Assembly picked Wang Bao as Sima Jiong’s sole initial starting minister. Though I admit I’m not certain who I would have gone with, the below biography might cast some doubt on the good relationship between the two of them.

While I appreciate the “Sima Ai did nothing wrong” meme as much as the next person, he does come off very badly here, especially considering that he himself would soon be floating the same “divide the realm at Shan” proposal to Sima Ying. Although Sima Ying probably wouldn’t have gone along with the idea in either case, I don’t think it’s a certainty, and it’s interesting to consider what might have happened if Sima Jiong and Sima Ying had agreed to such an arrangement.

(Original text is at the end for this one.)

Wang Bao was a native of Shunyang commandary. Even as a youth, he was forthright and blunt. He originally served as Attendant Officer With Separate Carriage of Yuzhou. When the Prince of Qi, Sima Jiong, was appointed as Grand Marshal (in 301), he appointed Wang Bao as his Registrar.

Sima Jiong was arrogant and unrestrained, and he lost the hearts of the people of the realm. Wang Bao thus wrote him a letter, stating:

"I have heard that when there is discord between ruler and minister, a change in conduct is required in order to restore harmony to their relationship, settle the age, and secure the protection of the fortunes of state. For when a minister cheats his sovereign, even execution is not sufficient punishment for him, while when a ruler goes against his minister's remonstrations, even such posthumous titles as Ling ('the Aloof') or Li ('the Harsh') are not enough to describe his infamy.

"Now you, Sir, possess a humble heart and have shown consideration to those beneath you; you open your bosom to accept the good and you are sincere and earnest in your displays. Yet still, you turn a deaf ear to words you do not wish to hear. Of late, I have been considering how the government of the Jin dynasty has begun to decline, and that ever since the beginning of the Yuankang reign era (291), no one who has held sway as the chief minister of state has ever been able to save himself in the end. Now the reason that these things came about was because these people acted improperly. You yourself have overcome and pacified disaster and turmoil, and brought peace to the state and stability to the royal family. Thus you have been able to restore the laws that had recently been toppled and lost. Yet you are still continuing to follow the same path that overturned the carts before you. You still intend to go on living a long time, but I dare not admit to having heard of anyone who was able to achieve such a thing.

“Now the Prince of Hejian (Sima Yong) is firmly settled in Guanyou, the Prince of Chengdu (Sima Ying) has a secure base in the old capital of Wei at Ye, and the Prince of Xinye (Sima Xin) is secure between the Yangzi and the Han River. These three honored Princes each possess sturdy positions and strong and numerous armies, and each of them is well-stocked with arms and horses and occupies places where they may inflict great harm. As for you, Sir, it is true that you led the uprising against the traitor (Sima Lun) and your achievements surpass all the realm; your wisdom and virtue are glorious and profound, and your reputation and power stand above the age. Yet you have been stingy with giving out rewards for achievements, and though you have the power to compel your sovereign, you only occupy the capital region itself. Even so, you continue to press for more power and greater authority. To go any further will mean 'the dragon exceeding the proper limits, and occasion for repentance', while to retreat will mean 'laying hold of thorns', and though you hope for aid and peace, you shall never see good fortune. Thus I have dared to send you this letter, in order to express to you my humble thoughts and feelings.

"In ancient times, after King Wu of Zhou conquered King Zhou of Shang and founded the Zhou dynasty, he organized the various feudal lords under the auspices of the Two Lords: those nobles to the east of Shan (near Luoyang) were under the supervision of the Duke of Zhou, while those to the west of Shan were overseen by the Duke of Shao. And this led to a good foundation for the new dynasty. For even as the power of the dynasty declined and the hegemons rose among the feudal lords, the royal domain was no greater than a handful of provinces while the land within the Four Seas was filled with powerful armies. Yet the feudal lords never dared to go so far as to 'ask after the Nine Tripods (infringe upon the royal sovereignty)'. And this was the natural result of the early practices having established themselves as tradition across the realm.

"We in our own time may likewise honor and emulate the old laws of Zhou. Let the Prince of Chengdu act as Lord of the Northern Provinces and organize the various princes and nobles north of the Yellow River under his command. You yourself may serve as Lord of the Southern Provinces and bring the officials and leaders of the south under your authority. Both of you, while keeping your original offices, will also go out and reside in your own regions. Thus you will both establish your virtue out in the realm while acting with full loyalty to the court within, and every winter you may both lead your subordinates to bring tribute to the court. You may receive good and talented people and wield command over worthy and capable fellows, all of whom shall submit as the officials of the Son of Heaven. By doing such things, all the lands within the Four Seas will enjoy a lasting peace, and the countless states shall know boundless fortune, while you yourself will enjoy the same glorious reputation for virtue as the Dukes of Zhou and Shao. Then even if danger and defeat should threaten and the road ahead be closed, the altars of state will still endure.

"Sir, consider well how Gaozu (Liu Bang) accepted the strategies of Lou Jing and realized the wisdom of Zhang Liang's advice; he pondered deeply the threat of distant dangers, and thus he was able to grant his dynasty the enduring security of Mount Tai. May you show the same consideration. You might make Wan or Xuchang your base."

When, having sent this letter, Wang Bao received no response, he wrote another one, stating:

"It has been about twelve days now since I sent you my letter. I understand that, concerned as you are with the lofty and distant concerns of the state, you may not have had the time to direct your attentions to examine my thoughts or write a single character in response stating whether you agreed with my proposals or not. Yet I am like one of the old treasures of the hegemon-kings of old, those diviners of safety or danger, and I am not someone who can stand by and say nothing.

"Sir, you possess four great aspects which make it difficult for the realm to put up with you. You have performed great achievements, you enjoy a great reputation, you cherish great virtue, and you wield great authority. Ancient worthies and sages who found themselves in the same position as you pondered their circumstances with fear and trembling; they would not eat anything until after noon, and even when in bed they could not sleep.

"Consider the Duke of Zhou: he was the elder brother of King Wu of Zhou, and during the time that King Wu's son King Cheng was his sovereign, the Duke of Zhou had achieved great things during the campaign against King Zhou of Shang, he acted as regent over the dynasty because of his close kinship to the king, he possessed a deep and abiding virtue, and he exercised a broad and far-seeing wisdom. He was fully loyal, and fully benevolent; fully filial, and fully respectful. Yet during the time that he wielded power over the state, there were constant rumors against him from every side, and in the end he was alienated from King Cheng and so compelled to leave the court and dwell in the east for three years. Only when there were signs of great winds and rains did King Cheng realize the Duke of Zhou's true worth and ask him to return. I fear that if the Duke had not honored the wishes of august Heaven and stood blameless before the examination of the spirits and the people, he would have fallen victim to some sudden disaster with no means to guard against it. Yet even after he returned and once again wielded power, even so he still split his authority with the Duke of Shao at Shan, and thus they became the Two Lords.

"As for you, Sir, you can see for yourself that your achievements and your virtue are like those of the Duke of Zhou. Furthermore, ever since the start of the Yuankang reign era (291), the position of chief minister has been a poison, a source of great danger; no one has been able to put up with the holders of this office, and secret plots and hidden disasters have risen up to engulf them all. How then can you consider that you will be able to enjoy security and survival? Nor do I need to reach into the distant past to give you examples, for you have seen the fate of your predecessors with your own eyes.

"If a fellow does not concern himself with distant threats, he must at least think about dangers that are close at hand. For by the time that the danger actually arrives, it will be too late for regrets.

"Therefore, if you wish to follow my advice, then I propose that you send all the princes and nobles away to their fiefs and divide the realm at the Yellow River, with yourself and the Prince of Chengdu acting as the new Two Lords; the Prince of Chengdu shall be at Ye, while you make your base at Wan. You will both thus have a thousand li of the realm under your respective control, and each of you shall supervise the various marquises, earls, barons, viscounts, and all other leaders and commanders great and small. You shall form good ties with one another and act as allies, together serving the royal family. You will follow the old laws of tribute and control, just the same as the canons of Zhou. And if you indeed find these proposals to be wise and proper, then may you be the first to reach out to the Prince of Chengdu and discuss them with him.

"I myself am a fellow of meager talents, yet still I presume to help put this plan into effect. After all, Si Yang was just some insignificant fellow in the states of Yan and Zhao and Baili Xi was a mere merchant in the states of Qin and Chu, yet in both their cases, the two states that heeded their advice enjoyed peace. Likewise, though I am no one special, I would see the great provinces acting in accord, and I hope that you will overlook my obscurity in order to rise to the occasion and master the difficulties of these times. Though I am of little account, I hope that will not mean you will dismiss my advice out of hand."

Sima Jiong initially wrote back to Wang Bao stating, "I have received both of your letters; they are worth consideration, and I will dwell on your ideas."

But about this time, the Prince of Changsha, Sima Ai, arrived. When Sima Ai saw Sima Jiong studying Wang Bao's letter, he said to Sima Jiong, "This miscreant wishes to split the realm asunder like slicing the flesh from the bone. Why do you not beat him to death beneath the Copper Camels?"

Sima Jiong thus felt that he would not be able to honor Wang Bao's plan, so he heeded Sima Ai's advice. He even submitted a petition about Wang Bao to the court, stating, "Moved to indignation against the wicked treason of the presumptuous usurper and seeking to restore the fallen fortunes of the imperial throne, I joined with the Princes of Chengdu, Changsha, and Xinye to lead an uprising together and bring peace back to the altars of state. In doing so, my sole wish was to devote all my energy to supporting the royal family and exercising my full devotion to stand alongside the fellow members of the royal clan. This I swore, day and night, and the spirits cannot censure me otherwise.

"Yet the Registrar, Wang Bao, has recently dared counsel me to follow a different path. Claiming that I, in my unworthy role as chief minister, am surely in imminent danger and should be concerned with some sudden disaster that requires me to act at once rather than wait to receive misfortune, he would have the Prince of Chengdu and myself divide the realm at Shan and act as Lords, and send away all the princes to their fiefs. Above, he slanders the perception and power of the heavenly court's authority; below, he seeks to beguile and mislead, sowing suspicion and discord among the hearts of the people. He wishes to turn us against one another, ingeniously selling his scheme to split us into two. He would mock those above and slander those below, defame those within and alienate those without. He would steer us towards evil and guide us towards villainy, and leave us stewing in suspicion and doubt.

"In ancient times, when Confucius sought to rectify the state of Lu, he executed the Lesser Regulator; before Zichan served as Chancellor of the state of Zheng, he first put Deng Xi to death. This is because these two miscreants sought to confuse and muddle what was supposed and what was true; they were of the same deceitful ilk as the Qin minister Zhao Gao. Wang Bao is no different, for he is neither loyal nor obedient nor righteous. Thus I ask that he be turned over to the capital guards for examination, so that we may clearly expunge this injustice."

When Wang Bao was about to die, he said, "Hang my head above the Grand Marshal's gate. I want to see when the soldiers come to attack him.”

Everyone felt that Wang Bao was innocent. And indeed, Sima Jiong was soon defeated.

王豹，順陽人也。少而抗直。初為豫州別駕，齊王冏為大司馬，以豹為主簿。冏驕縱，失天下心，豹致箋於冏日：豹聞王臣蹇蹇，匪躬之故，將以安主定時，保存社稷者也。是以為人臣而欺其君者，刑罰不足以為誅；為人主而逆其諫者，靈厲不足以為諡。伏惟明公虛心下士，開懷納善，款誠以著，而逆耳之言未入於聽。豹伏思晉政漸缺，始自元康以來，宰相在位，未有一人獲終，乃事勢使然，未為輒有不善也。今公克平禍亂，安國定家，故復因前傾敗之法，尋中間覆車之軌，欲冀長存，非所敢聞。今河間樹根于關右，成都盤桓于舊魏，新野大封于江漢，三面貴王，各以方剛強盛，並典戎馬，處險害之地。且明公興義討逆，功蓋天下，聖德光茂，名震當世。今以難賞之功，挾震主之威，獨據京都，專執大權，進則亢龍有悔，退則蒺藜生庭，冀此求安，未知其福。敢以淺見，陳寫愚情。昔武王伐紂，封建諸侯為二伯，自陝以東，周公主之，自陝以西，召公主之。及至其末，霸國之世，不過數州之地，四海強兵不敢入窺九鼎，所以然者，天下習於所奉故也。今誠能尊用周法，以成都為北州伯，統河北之王侯，明公為南州伯，以攝南土之官長，各因本職，出居其方，樹德於外，盡忠於內，歲終率所領而貢于朝，簡良才，命賢俊，以為天子百官，則四海長寧，萬國幸甚，明公之德當與周召同其至美，危敗路塞，社稷可保。顧明公思高祖納婁敬之策，悟張良履足之謀，遠臨深之危，保泰山之安。若合聖思，宛許可都也。書入，無報，豹重箋曰：豹書御已來，十有二日，而聖旨高遠，未垂采察，不賜一字之令，不敕可否之宜。蓋霸王之神寶，安危之秘術，不可須臾而忽者也。伏思明公挾大功，抱大名，懷大德，執大權，此四大者，域中所不能容，賢聖所以戰戰兢兢，日昃不暇食，雖休勿休者也。昔周公以武王為兄，成王為君，伐紂有功，以親輔政，執德弘深，聖思博遠，至忠至仁，至孝至敬。而攝事之日，四國流言，離主出奔，居東三年，賴風雨之變，成王感悟。若不遭皇天之應，神人之察，恐公旦之禍未知所限也。至於執政，猶與召公分陝為伯。今明公自視功德孰如周公。且元康以來，宰相之患，危機竊發，不及容思，密禍潛起，輒在呼噏，豈復晏然得全生計！前鑒不遠，公所親見也。君子不有遠慮，必有近憂，憂至乃悟，悔無所及也。今若從豹此策，皆遣王侯之國，北與成都分河為伯，成都在鄴，明公都宛，寬方千里，以與圻內侯伯子男小大相率，結好要盟，同獎皇家；貢御之法，一如周典。若合聖規，可先旨與成都共論。雖以小才，願備行人。昔廝養，燕趙之微者耳，百里奚，秦楚之商人也，一開其說，兩國以寧。況豹雖陋，大州之綱紀，加明公起事險難之主簿也。故身雖輕，其言未必否也。冏令曰：「得前後白事，具意，輒別思量也。」會長沙王乂至，於冏案上見豹箋，謂冏曰：「小子離間骨肉，何不銅駝下打殺！」冏既不能嘉豹之策，遂納乂言，乃奏豹曰：「臣忿奸凶肆逆，皇祚顛墜，與成都、長沙、新野共興義兵，安復社稷，唯欲戮力皇家，與親親宗室腹心從事，此臣夙夜自誓，無負神明。而主簿王豹比有白事，敢造異端，謂臣忝備宰相，必遘危害，慮在一旦，不祥之聲可蹻足而待，欲臣與成都分陝為伯，盡出籓王。上誣聖朝鑒御之威，下長妖惑，疑阻眾心，噂遝背憎，巧賣兩端，訕上謗下，讒內間外，遘惡導奸，坐生猜嫌。昔孔丘匡魯，乃誅少正；子產相鄭，先戮鄧析，誠以交亂名實，若趙高詭怪之類也。豹為臣不忠不順不義，輒敕都街考竟，以明邪正。」豹將死，曰：「懸吾頭大司馬門，見兵之攻齊也。」眾庶冤之。俄而冏敗。

#Book of Jin #Jinshu #War of the Eight Princes #Eight Princes #Sima Jiong #Jin Dynasty #Western Jin

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presumenothing · 6 years

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知否【番外 • 朝歌】

excerpt translated from original post @ lofter

(apropos of nothing, a translation of my favourite scene of this fic because why not, really?)

(context notes: from that fic where Changsu survives the final battle but gets amnesia, emperor Jingyan goes to meet him disguised a commoner, lots of court shenanigans and plot things ensue, very good 10/10 would rec – this scene specifically is from a bonus chapter post-ending, after Changsu has been Minister of War for a couple years, and is surprise-visiting the Capitol Patrol with incognito!Jingyan, because Jingyan.)

Changzhi Alley was not far from the Capitol Patrol, and they arrived in a blink. Mei Changsu and Xiao Jingyan descended one after the other, identified themselves to the soldier standing guard at the door, who stammered hesitantly for several moments: “This… our Commander Lie isn’t here right now, Minister... do you want to come another time?”

“I’m not here to see Sir Lie.” Lie Zhanying was out of the city on business. Mei Changsu had intentionally sent him out, and so naturally knew this, “I’m only here to look around, is that a problem?”

“No, of course not,” that soldier hurriedly stepped aside and said, “Please come in.”

Mei Changsu moved forward to enter, and Xiao Jingyan quickly caught up a few steps behind, said softly: “Army men have their own rules. Be careful, don’t get yourself hurt.”

“I know.” Mei Changsu answered shortly, heading straight for the drill grounds.

Xiao Jingyan shook his head helplessly; as if this looked like he knew it at all. He had no choice but to follow closer. Further behind them both, Li Gang was already thinking about whether he should call Fei Liu over.

This person before them was Chief Mei, was Minister Mei, was Sir Su, and none of these identities would let him charge by himself into the middle of a crowd of army men. Yet there was still Young Marshal Lin, the only one you couldn’t stop even if you wanted to.

On arriving at the drill grounds, they saw a large group of Capital Patrol soldiers practicing horseback archery. Having commanded the soldiers of Jing Manor for more than a decade, Lie Zhanying really did have a way with leading men. Even though he was absent today, this daily practice of the Capitol Patrol was still not chaotic in the slightest, only giving the impression of thorough and meticulous order. Mei Changsu had led men himself to start with, and in these few years as the Minister of War, the number of armies big or small that he’d seen was far from few. And he truly hadn’t seen any with such organised training among those either; not too different from the Chiyan army, even.

“Not too different”, meaning that there was still a difference.

But Qi Meng was with the Capital Patrols today. He was an old hand from Jing Manor, and there’d already been some old offences and exchanges between them when Mei Changsu had been Su Zhe. Now, seeing Minister Mei having come alongside His Majesty, he immediately put down his bow and arrow, ran over and asked brashly: “Minister Mei, how are you free to come over today?”

He’d grown some brain in these few years, at any rate, and didn’t blurt “Sir Su” once he spoke, nor did he directly mention the identity of Xiao Jingyan, who stood behind Mei Changsu in a commoner’s clothes. His Majesty the Emperor was immeasurably relieved by this.

But Xiao Jingyan could no longer feel relief, very soon after.

Mei Changsu nodded, smiling: “The year is ending soon, I thought I’d come give the men my new year’s greetings a little earlier.”

“Oh, oh.” Qi Meng agreed, then did an idiotic thing in the next moment. He turned his head and cried loudly, “Over here, brothers, Minister Mei came to wish everyone an early new year!”

In a hubbub of sound, the previously crowded drill grounds suddenly emptied of people, all having rushed in front of Mei Changsu, fists in front of their chests as they called: “Greetings, Minister.”

Qi Meng immediately found his enthusiasm: “Come, brothers, let’s put on some good shows for the Minister!”

Xiao Jingyan’s expression turned severe on hearing this.

Possibly in Qi Meng’s mind, “a good show” was just to show off and flaunt. But he’d been messing around in the army since young, had lived together with those soldiers who ranked lowest in the army, and he naturally knew that these few shows here and there were very likely to turn into provocation.

Mei Changsu looked Qi Meng up and down briefly, said: “As you please.”

“Changsu!” Xiao Jingyan warned lowly, hardly caring about his identity any longer.

Mei Changsu only answered with a smile, turned, asked those gathered: “Which of you will start first?”

Before his voice could fade, one thin and tall soldier, apparently with the rank of centurion, had already stepped forward and said: “We’re running horseback archery manoeuvres today, so let’s start with archery. Any objections from everyone?”

“Good!” chorused the men of the Capitol Patrol.

“Then allow me to start this with my inadequate attempt.” That person bowed cupped hands at Mei Changsu, and immediately someone moved forward to hand him a longbow and quiver of arrows. Taking these, that person raised the bow and nocked an arrow, the tip pointed straight at bullseye.

Qi Meng, entirely unaware of what was about to happen, still felt quite self-satisfied as he said: “This here is the sharpshooter of we the Capital Patrol, capable of hitting a willow leaf from a hundred paces. Just you wait and see, Minister.”

Mei Changsu only hid his hands in his sleeves, stance rather composed despite the situation.

A metallic ting, followed by the whistle of wind right after. That person laid the bow down, bowstring still quivering lightly, but that arrow had already nailed bullseye.

The drill grounds were quiet for a moment, then a round of cheers followed. That person turned and bowed again: “There is my inadequate attempt. Please advise me, Minister.”

Mei Changsu lowered his head, lightly toying with the tassel of the warmer in his hands: “Not bad.”

“Please advise me, Minister.” That person only stared at Mei Changsu, and insisted.

He had his own ideas of the situation. Although that arrow had hit home, his actions had not been to standard, with a flaw that was neither big nor small. If Mei Changsu could not see it, he naturally wouldn’t burst out now, but having a good laugh after the matter was only necessary.

He dared bet that Mei Changsu couldn’t tell. This dynasty had always viewed restraint to be in good taste, and practising martial arts as vulgar; which high official still knew how to draw a bow, how to shoot an arrow? And moreover, this Minister of War looked both thin and weak, as if he was lacking from some illness, and not at all like he knew any martial art.

Of course, Mei Changsu did not practice martial arts, but he was not only Mei Changsu.

This was a true case of falling victim to one’s own cleverness, of essentially showing off before a true master. That person didn’t look much older than twenty at most; who even knew what he had been doing back in those years when Lin Shu had been drawing bows on the battlefield, when he had taken the rank of command over millions of army men.

“Your archery skill is very good.” Mei Changsu said slowly, “Save that when you were drawing the arrow back earlier, you only pulled it back to your nose and not to your chin. On the battlefield such a small error counts for nothing, since being able to hit the target is what matters, but when practising on the drill grounds, those rigorous standards should still matter above all.”

“Thank you for the advice, sir.” But that person did not give up: “Please demonstrate, sir.”

The entire field fell quiet at these words. Qi Meng finally understood how major an error he’d made, and hurriedly attempted to mediate: “This… this… Minister Mei is a scholar, how would he know archery? All of you back to practice, back to practice!”

This attempt was worse than nothing at all.

But that person didn’t leave, only held his hand with the bow and arrow out to Mei Changsu. There was not even the slightest emotion in his eyes, but it was more provoking than even provocation itself.

Mei Changsu sighed softly, and said to Li Gang: “Get the Vaindraw bow.”

“Yes,” answered Li Gang simply, and was about to step back when he heard that archer interrupt and say, “What manner of thing is the Vaindraw? Sir Mei, a common child’s plaything is different from a bow worthy of entering the battlefield, how can you treat them the same?”

“Sir is of high status, how can he compete with you.” Xiao Jingyan stepped forward, blocking Mei Changsu behind him, and said coldly, “If you truly want a competition of archery skill, I’ll do it with you.”

The deeply-settled power of a decade as the Emperor slowly spread, and those gathered could not help but lower their heads, not daring to meet it head-on. Even that sharpshooter was no exception. But matters having reached this point, if he backed down now, the one being laughed at would be none other than him. So he could only say, stubbornly: “I didn’t say anything about competing with Sir, merely seeking advice. And Sir does not need to hit the target either, just run through the motions as a demonstration for us.”

Mei Changsu had only been silent. On hearing this, he grasped that tassel lightly, and said calmly: “Only a demonstration, you say?”

“Yes.” That person answered hurriedly.

“Very well then.” Mei Changsu said, “Hand me the bow and arrow.”

“Xiao…” Xiao Jingyan still wanted to persuade, but in the split second when he said this name he understood completely. Yes, he was Lin Shu, Lin Shu of the silver armour and long spear, going back and forth on the battlefield with the whistle of wind. Yet on this day he had been forced into a corner by such insistent provocation over a competition of archery. How could he stop himself?

The words that had reached his lips were swallowed whole, changed into: “You be careful.”

Mei Changsu only patted his shoulder, indicating him to move aside, and answered with a look that told him to rest assured.

Without the Poison of the Bitter Flame impeding his body in these recent years, Mei Changsu’s physical condition was much improved. Though he still feared the cold, still fell ill more often, most of it was non-life threatening. This bow was not a long-distance strong bow either; drawing it back was still an easy task.

The reason Mei Changsu had not dared to lightly agree earlier was his worry that the bow would be too strong, one that needed a little inner strength to draw back. But now he saw it to be only a soft bow for practice, and no longer worried. These hands had not held a bow in almost two decades; on touching a bow and arrow once again, the sensation was still familiar as if it had been only yesterday.

He’d really only wanted to see the others demonstrate, perhaps vicariously relive those days when he’d put on those grand displays in such occasions. But unexpectedly the reliving had become reality, without allowing for him to hesitate or retreat. He could actually make excuses to refuse, but he was unwilling. Who cared that it was only for one moment, that he might lose face; even if he could only become Lin Shu again in this moment when he drew back the bow fully, it would already be good fortune from Heaven. He could not ask for more.

After all, the loss of face was Mei Changsu’s to bear.

Lin Shu thought this rather irresponsibly, I only need to do what I should, and do it well.

Bow raised, arrow nocked, tip pointing right at that bright red dot on the target.

Let one hand go, fletched feathers catching the wind as the arrow flew. As Mei Changsu had expected, it hit bullseye dead centre.

The drill grounds were very quiet, so quiet that even the hissing sound of Mei Changsu taking out a second arrow could be clearly heard.

Drawing the bowstring fully back again, Mei Changsu smiled faintly, and the arrow tip deviated slightly.

Let go again, only to see that arrow go straight through the one shot by that sharpshooter earlier, splitting it into two before hitting bullseye once more.

The third time taking arrows, and this time Mei Changsu withdrew three.

This bow was too soft, Lin Shu frowned, who knew if it could spur three arrows.

So Mei Changsu leisurely tightened the bowstring slightly, and again nocked three arrows on it.

This motion was only most familiar to Xiao Jingyan. Xiao Shu was best at archery, able to fire up to three arrows at once, and all three arrows could split or stay together. Split, they could hit three horizontally-placed targets; together, they could all hit the same one. He himself could only manage three arrows on one target, at most, yet he had not seen someone split arrows to hit three targets for a very long time now.

He was likely the only one who could understand the expression in Mei Changsu’s eyes at this moment. Brimming with brightness, high of spirit.

That was the gleam and brilliance that Jinling had been missing for years, that was the person he had awaited for so long, now returned.

The bowstring shivered, and three arrows flew in three arcs.

Bullseye, on all three targets.

The entire field was silent for an instant. “Good!” someone called out first, and so echoing cries surged up like the tide. Mei Changsu paid it no attention, only stared blankly at the bow in his hands, stood blankly in a daze.

Xiao Jingyan moved forward, put the cloak around him, and said: “Let’s go.”

The bow Changsu asks Li Gang for or tries to, anyway is the one he uses in chapter 45 of the novel during the sneak attack at night, described per langyascribe’s glossary (though I altered the name):

Draw-in-Vain [畫不成] – the mighty crossbow made by the Ban family, currently in Mei Changsu’s possession; its name comes from the Chinese idiom, “there are many painters in this world, but they draw in vain a grieving heart”

#nirvana in fire #nif fic translation #nif #mei changsu #xiao jingyan #listen...... badass changsu is fav #also for the life of me i can't figure out how to translate 献丑 naturally lmao #today on: things i did because i felt like it #also instead of sTUDYING FOR MY FINALS #LISTEN I JUST REALLY LOVE THIS SCENE OKAY #ninja edit fixed some language effups

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bella-narchy · 4 years

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BLACK LIVES MATTER

They mattered before the trend and they’ll keep mattering once the trend ends. We have to educate ourselves in order to do better - we need to do better. Be better. We may stumble, we may make mistakes along the way, but that’s okay, we’re learning. Learning isn’t linear. As long as you’re learning, evolving and fighting to make the world a safe space for everyone, you’re on the right path.

Here are a bunch of links to Petitions, Donations, Hot Lines, Books, Podcasts, etc... anything and everything so you can support the movement and educate yourself too:

Petitions:

If you are international and are unable to sign any of these, here are some zip codes you can use

90015 - Los Angeles, California

10001 - New York City, New York

75001 - Dallas, Texas

When it comes to petitions keep in mind that if you have more than one email you can sign more than once; also, white house petitions don’t do much. They were only effective under Obama’s administration, but aren’t so much under Trump’s as they aren’t obligated to give a statement after 100k signature.

#DefundThePolice

Defund MPD

Fire Racist Criminal from the NYPD

Get the Officers Charged

Charge All Four Officers

Life Sentence For Police Brutality

Censorship of Police Brutality in France

Pass the Goergia Hate Crime Bill

Hands Up Act

National Action Agaisnt Police Brutality

Abolish Prison Labor

Stand with #BLM

Movement for Black Lives

Mandatory Racial Bias Test

Junk Terror Bill

Get Schools to Speak Up

Police De-Escalation Training

Immigrants Being Poisoned by ICE

The Trayvon Martin Law

Working Conditions for Black People in Italy

Defund Police in Dallas

Enact Civilian Oversight of RPD

Require Dash/Body Cams in King County

Defund the Police

Classify White Supremacists as Terrorists

Defung SDPD

Washington State Police Accountability

Illegal Export of Riot Equipment

Ban/Restrict Tear Gas

Knock Down Slave Market Center

Black Trans Women UK

Reject Trump’s Violence Towards Protesters

Make Police Brutality Illegal

Teach Black History In UK

Migrant Domestic Workers in Lebanon

End Systemic Racism

Make KKK Illegal

Donations:

Do not donate to Shaun King, or change.org (on the latter, the money is kept by change.org, it does not go to the causes, however the petitions work wonderfully). The following list contains only places were international payment is accepted.

BLM Fund

BLM LA Fund

Black Trans Women Fund

Reclaim the Block

North Star Health Collective

ACLU

The Marshall Project

NAACP Legal Defense Fund

Loveland Therapy Fund

Lake Street Cleanup

Rebuild Native American Youth Center

Cambodia Town Relief Fund

National Bail Fund Network

Unicorn Riot Fund

Black Owned Businesses Atlanta

Black Mental Health Matters:

Black Emotional and Mental Health Crisis Hotline

The Association of Black Psychologists

Crisis Text Line

The Love Land Foundation

The Boris Henson Foundation

Sista Afya Community Mental Wellness

Black Mental Wellness

LGBTQ+ Psychologists of Color

Melanin & Mental Health

Family Paths

Nami

The Safe Place App

National Queer and Trans Therapists of Color Network

Ethal’s Club

Black Mental Health Alliance

The Unplug Collective

Dive In Well

YouTube Videos, Film & Television:

A BLM Documentary

A debate that puts things in perspective

breakdown of all lives matter

background info of BLM

a little girl gives a speech on BLM

Systemic Racism Explained

YouTube video of Robin DiAngelo discussing White Fragility

“Dear White Friend: You Need to Take a Side”

TED Talk: What My Coloring Book Taught Me About Racism

Rachel Cargle’s TED Talk: Coming to Terms With Racism’s Inertia

Why Rioting Makes Sense

Why White People Need to Use Their Bodies to Defend Black People

Just Mercy

When They See Us

Dear White People

Beasts of the Southern Wild

Selma

Mudbound

12 Years a Salve

Moonlight

The Hate You Give

I Am Not Your Negro

The Blood of Jesus

Within Out Gates

Harriet

Do the Right Thing

Daughters of the Dust

Killer of Sheep

The Learning Tree

Boyz n the Hood

Sidewalk Stories

Fruitvale Station

Hidden Figures

Fences

13th

The Great Debaters

Miracle at St. Anna

Straight Outta Compton

Pariah

Antwone Fisher

Dreamgirls

Black Panther

Blackish

Insecure

Empire

Scandal

All American

Atlanta

Marshall

Monsters and Men

Middle of Nowhere

Mississippi Burning

A Time to Kill

To Kill a Mockingbird

Corrina Corrina

Burning Cane

The Black Power Mixtape

The Black Panthers

Time: the Kalief Browder Story

Rest in Power: The Trayvon Martin Story

Stranger Fruit

POSE

Read a Little… or a LOT:

In Defense of Looting - Vicky Osterweil

White Witness and the Contemporary Lynching - Zoé Samudzi

Black is Crime: Notes on Blaqillegalism - Dubian Ade

A Guide to Allyship

There’s No Such Think as a Pretty Protest - Tirhakah Love

7 Ways We Know Systemic Racism Is Real

How White Feminists Oppress Black Women: When Feminism Functions as White Supremacy

Guide by Rachel Cargle explaining the relationship between white feminism and black women

How to Talk to Kids About Racial Violence and Police Brutality

We Need More White Parents to Talk to Their Kids About Race. Especially Now.

Resources from The Conscious Kid

Are Your Kids Too Young to Talk About Race?

Not My Idea: A Book About Whiteness - Anastasia Higginbotham

How to Tell Someone You Love They’re Being Racist

How to Communicate With Racist Family Members

How to Talk to Your Family About Racism

Here’s What to Say to Racist Family Members During the Holidays

What Exactly is a Microaggression?

Microaggressions don’t just ‘hurt your feelings’

Crook County: Racism and Injustice in America’s Largest Criminal Court - Nicole Gonzalez Van Cleve

Justy Mercy - Bryan Stevenson

The Hate U Give - Angie Thomas

The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness - Michelle Alexander

The Autobiography of Malcolm X

Their Eyes Were Watching God - Zora Neale Hurston

The Color Purple - Alice Walker

Women, Race and Class - Angela Yvonne Davis

Policing the Planet: Why the Policing Crisis Led to Black Lives Matter - Multiple

Tears We Cannot Stop - Michael Eric Dyson

Between the World and Me - Ta-Nehisi Coates

The Origin of Others - Toni Morrison

Heavy - Kiese Laymon

Brown Boy - Daphnie Glenn

75 Things White People Can Do for Racial Justice - Corinne Shutack

How White Womens’ Tears Threaten Black Existence - Cameron Glover

When Feminism is White Supremacy in Heels - Rachel Cargle

The Souls of White Folk - Stephen Jamal Leeper

What do we do with white folks? - Anthony James William

White People Have No Culture - Lorena Wallace

White Fragility - The Conscious Kid

Trump Defends White-Nationalist Protesters: ‘Some Very Fine People on Both Sides’ - Rosie Gray

Discourse & Debate: Is performative activism inherently bad? - Kayla Abrams

Amy Cooper, White Spaces, and the Political Projection of Whiteness - Wear Your Voice Magazine

The White Space - Elijah Anderson

This Is What Black Burnout Feels Like - Tiana Clark

Amy Cooper Knew Exactly What She Was Doing - Zeba Blay

Why I’m no longer talking to white people about race - Renni Eddo-Lodge

Black Lives Matter & COVID-19: An Activist Roundtable - Aislinn Pulley, brian bean, Frank Chapman, Damon Williams, Alyx Goodwin, Todd St. Hill, Khury Petersen-Smith, Haley Pessin

We’re Sick of Racism, Literally - Douglas Jacobs

Letter From a Birmingham Jail - Martin Luther King, Jr.

If Beale Street Could Talk and the Urgency of Black Love - Hannah Giorgis

Embracing Sadness When Joy & Rage Are the Only Options the World Offers to Black People - Zhailon Levingston

How White People Can Hold Each Other Accountable to Stop Institutional Racism - Elly Belle

What the Prison-Abolition Movement Wants - Kim Kelly

I’m Not Black, I’m Kanye - Ta-Nehisi Coates

1619 Project - New York Times compilation on the lasting legacy of slavery in the US

The Black Family in the Age of Mass Incarceration - Ta-Nehisi Coates

The Case for Reparations - Ta-Nehisi Coates

Where is the outrage for Breonna Taylor? - Renee Nishawn Scott

Forget “Looting.” Capitalism is the Real Robbery - William C. Anderson

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What It’s Really Like to Be Black and Work in Fashion - Lindsay Peoples Wagner

Model Minority’ Myth Again Used as a Racial Wedge Between Asians and Blacks - Kat Chow

20+ Allyship Actions for Asians to Show Up for the Black Community Right Now - Michelle Kim

6 Ways Asian Americans Can Tackle Anti-Black Racism in Their Families - Kim Tran

The Asian American Reply to Pandemic-Era Racism Must Be Cross-Racial Solidarity - Kelsey Liu and Monica Hahn

Mariame Kaba: Everything Worthwhile Is Done with Other People - Eve L. Ewing interviewing Mariame Kaba

Free Us All - Mariame Kaba

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Assata: An Autobiography - Assata Shakur

#8ToAbolition - Site with 8 demands for abolition

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How Videos of Police Brutality Traumatize African-Americans and Undermine the Search for Justice - Kia Gregory

What to Do Instead of Calling the Police - Aaron Rose

The Case for Delegitimizing the Police - William C. Anderson

Abolish the Police? - Maya Dukmasova

Alternatives to the Police - Evan Dent, Molly Korab, Farid Rener

Calling Someone Other Than the Cops - Conor Friedersdorf

finding ways not to call the police

Twitter Flags Trump, White House for ‘glorifying violence’ in George Floyd protest tweets - Travis Pittman

Desert Sun ‘looting’ quote source

Abolish the Police (Part 1 and Part 2) - brian bean

How to Safely and Ethically Film Police Misconduct - Palika Makam

11 Things You Can Do to Help Black Lives Matter End Police Violence - Lincoln Anthony Blades

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Just Mercy - Bryan Stevenson

Invisible No More: Police Violence Against Black Women and Women of Color - Andrea Ritchie

Jackson Rising: The Struggle for Economic Democracy and Black Self-Determination in Jackson, Mississippi - Kali Akuno and Ajamu Nangwaya

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Race, Power & Policy: Dismantling Structural Racism - the Grassroots Policy Project

Words Matter: Thoughts on Language and Abolition - Critical Resistance Abolition Toolkit Workgroup

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Children’s books that discuss race and racism - @wanderingbritt_ (twitter thread)

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Racial Equity Tools Glossary - Racial Equity Tools (key terms in discussing racism)

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Podcasts:

About Race

Code Switch

The Nod

The Stakes

Scene on Radio: Seeing White Series

The Heart: Race Traitor Series

United States of Anxiety

Shine Brighter Together

Listen to the movement on spotify: “WE’LL REST WHEN WE’RE FREE”

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bookofjin · 6 years

Text

Liu Yuan becomes Shanyu, translations

WS095, Biography of Liu Cong

The Xiongnu Liu Cong, courtesy name Xuanming, sometimes named Zai ...

Later changed Leader to be Chief Commandant, and used Yuan as Chief Commandant of the Northern Section. Yang Jun assisted the government. He used Yuan as General who Establishes Power and Great Chief Controller of the Five Sections, enfeoffed as Marquis of Hanguang district.

Later he was charged with the section population rebelling and setting out from the frontier, and was dismissed from office. Beginning of Yongning [301 – 302], the King of Chengdu, Ying, petitioned for Yuan to act as General who Soothes the Boreal, Overseer of the Army Affairs of the Five Sections.

When the King of Qi, Jiong, the King of Chansha, Ai, together with the Ying and others, executed and exterminated themselves and each other. The Chief Controller of the Northern Section, Liu Xuan, and others furtively discussed turning to rebellion, planning to push forward Yuan to be Great Shanyu. At the time Yuan was at Ye. They therefore sent Huyan You to accordingly tell him about this plan. Yuan requested to go home to attend a funeral, Ying did not allow it.

Ying became August Brother-Heir. He used Yuan as Colonel of Garrison Cavalry to the Brother-Heir. At Emperor Hui of Jin's attack on Ying, he used Yuan as General who Assists the State and Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Affairs of the Northern City. When Emperor Hui had been defeated, he used Yuan as General of the Best of the Army, enfeoffed as Earl of Lunu. Soon after, the Inspector of Bing province, Sima Teng, and the Inspector of You province, Wang Jun, raised troops to attack Ying. Ying's host fought and was defeated. Yuan spoke to Ying, saying:

Now the two headquarters tramples on restraint, with a multitude exceeding 100 000. [I] fear we will not be able to manage them with the personal guards and the nearby commanderies' gentlemen and people. Yuan will, Your Highness, return to explain to the Five Sections, assemble and gather a righteous multitude, and thereby hasten to the state's difficulties.

Ying was pleased and designated Yuan as Northern Shanyu, Assisting the Army Affairs of the Imperial Chancellor.

Yuan arrived at Zuoguocheng. Liu Xuan and others elevated him to the title of Great Shanyu. Within twenty days the multitude was soon 50 000. He set his capital at Lishi.

...

Cong had ape arms and was good at shooting, he could bend a bow of 300 jin. Jin's Grand Warden of Xinxing, Guo Yi, nominated him as Master of Accounts, he served accordingly in commandery affairs. He was recommended as Good and Supportive and became Detached Marshal of Valiant Cavalry. The King of Qi, Jiong, used him as Palace Commandant of State. He set out as Marshal of the Left Section, and was moved to Commandant of the Right Section. The Grand Steward, the King of Hejian, petitioned for him to be Commander of the Palace Gentlemen of the Chisha.

Since Yuan was at Ye, he feared he would be murdered by the King of Chengdu, Ying. He absconded and ran to Ying. Ying was extremely pleased, and designated him General who Amasses Crossbows of the Right, to assist in the battle affairs of the vanguard. He accompanied the return to Zuoguo.

…

匈奴劉聰，字玄明，一名載，

...

後改帥為都尉，以淵為北部都尉。楊駿輔政，以淵為建威將軍、五部大都督，封漢光鄉侯。後坐部民叛出塞，免官，永寧初，成都王潁表淵行寧朔將軍，監五部軍事。後坐部民叛出塞，免官，永寧初，成都王潁表淵行寧朔將軍，監五部軍事。及齊王冏、長沙王乂與潁等自相誅滅，北部都督劉宣等竊議反叛，謀推淵為大單于。時淵在鄴，乃使呼延攸以此謀告之。淵請歸會葬，潁不許。潁為皇太弟，以淵為太弟屯騎校尉。晉惠帝之伐潁也，以淵為輔國將軍、都督北城守事。及惠帝敗，以淵為冠軍將軍，封盧奴伯。既而並州刺史司馬騰、幽州刺史王浚，起兵伐潁，潁師戰敗。淵謂潁曰：「今二鎮跋扈，眾逾十萬，恐非宿衛及近郡士民所能御之。淵當為殿下還說五部，鳩合義眾，以赴國難。」潁悅，拜淵為北單于，參丞相軍事。

淵至左國城，劉宣等上大單于之號，二旬之間，眾便五萬，都於離石。

…

聰猿臂善射，彎弓三百斤。晉新興太守郭頤闢為主簿，任以郡事。舉良將，為驍騎別部司馬齊王冏以為國中尉。出為左部司馬，尋遷右部尉。太宰、河間王顒表為赤沙中郎將。以淵在鄴，懼為成都王潁所害，亡奔潁，潁甚悅，拜右積弩將軍，參前鋒戰事。隨還左國。

JS004, Annals of Emperor Hui

…

1st Year of Yongxing [22 February 304 – 10 February 305]

…

Autumn, 7th Month, bingshen [17 August], New Moon, the General of the Guards of the Right, Chen Zhen, used a decree summoning the hundred companions to enter within the halls, and following that directed troops to punish the King of Chengdu, Ying.

On wuxu [19 August], a great amnesty. Restored the August Empress, Ms. Yang, and the August Heir-Apparent, Tan.

On jihai [20 August], the Minister over the Masses, Wang Rong; the King of Donghai, Yue; the King of Gaomi, Jian; the Duke of Pingchang, Mo; the King of Wu, Yan; the King of Yuzhang, Chi; the King of Xiangyang, Fan; the Supervisor of the Right, Xun Fan and others served the Emperor on a northern conquest. They arrived at Anyang with a multitude of 100 000. Ying dispatched his general Shi Chao to resist them in battle.

On jiwei [9 September], the Six Armies achieved defeat at Dangyin. Arrows reached the Driving Carriage, the hundred officials divided and scattered. The Palace Attendant Xi Shao died there. The Emperor was wounded in the jaw, was hit by three arrows and lost the Six Signets. The Emperor thereupon favoured Chao’s army, he was very hungry. Chao advanced to the river, left and right offered the Emperor autumn peaches. Chao dispatched his younger brother Xi to serve the Emperor and go to Ye. Ying led the group of officials to welcome and pay visit to the left of the road. The Emperor below the carriage snivelled and cried, and that evening he favoured Ying’s chariot.

Ying’s office had the ceremonies of the Nine Bestowals. The King of Chenliu sent sable-tail, ornamented clothes and shrike-tail [?]. Next day, therefore readied the Legal Cart to favour Ye. Only the the King of Yuzhang, Chi; the Minister over the Masses, Wang Rong; and the Supervisor Xun Fan, followed.

On gengshen [10 September], a great amnesty, and changed the inaugural to Jianwu [“Establishing the Martial”].

8th Month, wuchen [18 September], Ying killed the King of Dong'an, Yao.

Zhang Fang again entered Luoyang and deposed the August Empress, Ms. Yang, and the August Heir-Apparent, Tan.

The Worthy King of the Left of the Xiongnu, Liu Yuanhai, rebelled at Lishi, titling himself Great Shanyu.

...

秋七月丙申朔，右衛將軍陳以詔召百僚入殿中，因勒兵討成都王穎。戊戌，大赦，復皇后羊氏及皇太子覃。己亥，司徒王戎、東海王越、高密王簡、平昌公模、吳王晏、豫章王熾、襄陽王範、右僕射荀籓等奉帝北征，至安陽，眾十餘萬，穎遣其將石超距戰。己未，六軍敗績于蕩陰，矢及乘輿，百官分散，侍中嵇紹死之。帝傷頰，中三矢，亡六璽。帝遂幸超軍，餒甚，超進水，左右奉秋桃。超遣弟熙奉帝之鄴，穎帥群官迎謁道左。帝下輿涕泣，其夕幸於穎軍。穎府有九錫之儀，陳留王送貂蟬文衣鶡尾，明日，乃備法駕幸于鄴，唯豫章王熾、司徒王戎、僕射荀籓從。庚申，大赦，改元為建武。八月戊辰，穎殺東安王繇。張方復入洛陽，廢皇后羊氏及皇太子覃。匈奴左賢王劉元海反於離石，自號大單于。

JS037, Biography of Sima Teng, King Wuai of Xincai

The Martial and Lamented [xincai] King of Xincai, Teng, courtesy name Yuanmai, as young was designated Supervisor of the Extra Retinue, and was enfeoffed Duke of Dongying. He was successively Grand Warden of Nanyang and Wei commanderies, and by these means was recommended for responsibilities. He was summoned to be Lineage Corrector and was moved to Grand Master of Ceremonies. He shifted to Holding the Tally, General who Soothes the North, Commander-in-Chief of All Army Affairs of Bing province, and Inspector of Bing province.

Emperor Hui punished the King of Chengdu, Ying, the Six Armies achieved defeat. Teng and the General who Calms the North, Wang Jun together killed the Inspector of You province set up by Ying, He Yan, and led the multitudes to punish Ying. Ying dispatched the Commander of the Palace Gentlemen of the North, Wang Bin, to resist in battle. Jun led the Xianbei to strike Bin, Teng was rear support. They greatly routed him.

…

新蔡武哀王騰，字元邁，少拜冗從僕射，封東嬴公，歷南陽、魏郡太守，所在稱職，徵為宗正，遷太常，轉持節、寧北將軍、都督並州諸軍事、並州刺史。騰與安北將軍王浚共殺穎所署幽州刺史和演，率眾討穎。穎遣北中郎將王斌距戰，浚率鮮卑騎擊斌，騰為後係，大破之。

JS039, Biography of Wang Jun

…

Ying petitioned and requested the Inspector of You province, Shi Kan, to become Marshal of the Right, and used the Marshal of the Right, He Yan to replace Kan. He secretly sent Yan to kill [Wang] Jun and take over his multitude.

Yan schemed about with the Shanyu of the Wuhuan, Shen Deng. Hence he and Jun at the appointed time sailed on the Qing spring south of Jicheng. When travelling west from within Jicheng there were two roads, Yan and Jun each followed the same road. Yan wished to combine honour escort with Jun, and from that then plotted for it [?]. But they were faced with violent rain from the sky, and the troops' arms became wet and damp, so he returned without results. The Shanyu because of that schemed with his kinsmen, saying:

Yan plotted to kill Jun, but just as the affair was to be carried out, Heaven suddenly rained, making so it could not be done. This was Heaven aiding Jun. To disobey Heaven is not auspicious, we cannot be together with Yan for too long.

He therefore schemed to report to Jun. Jun secretly made ready the troops, and plotted against Yan with the Shanyu. Yan grasped a white pennant to go to Jun and surrender. Thereupon he beheaded him and took charge himself of You province.

…

穎表請幽州刺史石堪為右司馬，以右司馬和演代堪，密使演殺浚，並其眾。演與烏丸單于審登謀之，於是與浚期游薊城南清泉水上。薊城內西行有二道，演浚各從一道。演與浚欲合鹵簿，因而圖之。值天暴雨，兵器霑濕，不果而還。單于由是與其種人謀曰：「演圖殺浚，事垂克而天卒雨，使不得果，是天助浚也。違天不祥，我不可久與演同。」乃以謀告浚。浚密嚴兵，與單于圍演。演持白幡詣浚降，遂斬之，自領幽州。

JS059, Biography of Sima Ying, King of Chengdu

…

The General who Calms the North, Wang Jun, and the General who Soothes the North, the Duke of Dongying, Teng, killed the Inspector of You province set up by Ying, He Yan. Ying invaded Jun. Jun garrisoned Ji province and did not advance. Together with Teng and Jiezhu of the Wuhuan he raided Ying.

…

安北將軍王浚、寧北將軍東嬴公騰殺穎所置幽州刺史和演，穎征浚，浚屯冀州不進，與騰及烏丸、羯朱襲穎。候騎至鄴，穎遣幽州刺史王斌及石超、李毅等距浚，為羯朱等所敗。

JS097, “Biography” of the Northern Di

The Northern Di are the Xiongnu.

…

The Northern Di uses the section encampments as types. Those of them who entered to live in the frontier were the Tuge type, the Xianzhi type, the Koutou type, the Wutan type, the Chile type, Hanzhi type, the Heilang type, the Chisha type, the Yubing type, the Weisha type, the Tutong type, the Bomie type, the Qiangqu type, the Helai type, the Zhongqi type, the Dalou type, the Yongqu type, the Zhenshu type, the Lilie type, altogether nine types. All were section encampments and did not mix and intermingle with each other. The Tuge were the most noble and prominent, and previously got to have the Shanyu, and governed and led the various types.

The titles of their state was Worthy King of the Left, Worthy King of the Right, Yili King of the Left, Yili King of the Right, Yulu King of the Left, Yulu King of the Right, Jianshang King of the Left, Jianshang King of the Right, Shuofang King of the Left, Shuofang King of the Right, Dulu King of the Left, Dulu King of the Right, Xianlu King of the Left, Xianlu King of the Right, Anle King of the Left, Anle King of the Right, altogether 16 grades. All were employed for the Shanyu's relatives, sons and brothers. Their Worthy King of the Left was the most prominent, only the Heir-Apparent got to have it.

Their four families were the Huyan clan, the Bu clan, the Lan clan, and the Qiao clan. Yet the Huyan clan was the most prominent, and then were the Rizhu of the Left and Rizhu of the Right, for generations they were assistant assessors. The Bu clan then were the Juqu of the Left and Juqu of the Right. The Lan clan then were the Danghu of the Left and Danghu of the Right. The Qiao clan then were the Duhou of the Left and Duhou of the Right. There also were the various different titles of Cheyang, Juqu and Yudi, similar to the hundred officials of the Central States.

Their people of the state were the Qiwu clan and the Le clan, both brave and strong, and fond of turning to rebellion. In the time of Emperor Wu, there was a Controller of Cavalry, Qiwu Xianxie, who attacked Wu and had merit. He was moved to Chief Commandant of the Chisha.

…

北狄以部落為類，其入居塞者有屠各種、鮮支種、寇頭種、烏譚種、赤勒種、捍蛭種、黑狼種、赤沙種、鬱鞞種、萎莎種、禿童種、勃蔑種、羌渠種、賀賴種、鐘跂種、大樓種、雍屈種、真樹種、力羯種，凡十九種，皆有部落，不相雜錯。屠各最豪貴，故得為單于，統領諸種。其國號有左賢王、右賢王、左奕蠡王、右奕蠡王、左於陸王、右於陸王、左漸尚王、右漸尚王、左朔方王、右朔方王、左獨鹿王、右獨鹿王、左顯祿王、右顯祿王、左安樂王、右安樂王、凡十六等，皆用單于親子弟也。其左賢王最貴，唯太子得居之。其四姓，有呼延氏、卜氏、蘭氏、喬氏。而呼延氏最貴，則有左日逐、右日逐，世為輔相；卜氏則有左沮渠、右沮渠；蘭氏則有左當戶、右當戶；喬氏則有左都侯、右都侯。又有車陽、沮渠、餘地諸雜號，猶中國百官也。其國人有綦毋氏、勒氏、皆勇健，好反叛。武帝時，有騎督綦毋伣邪伐吳有功，遷赤沙都尉。

JS101, Yearly Annals of Liu Yuanhai

It happened that Bao passed on. Used Yuanhai to replace him as Leader of the Left Section. At the end of Taikang [280 -289], he was designated Chief Commandant of the Northern Section. He clarified the penal law and prohibited the treacheries and perverted, made light of riches and was fond of giving, pushed forward integrity and connected with people. Of the Five Sections' eminent and outstanding nobody did not come. You and Ji's famous Ruists, the rear gates [?] and flourishing gentlemen, who were not a thousand li away, likewise all travelled to him.

Yang Jun assisted the government. He used Yuanhai as General who Establishes Power and Great Chief Controller of the Five Sections, enfeoffed as Marquis of Hanguang district. At the end of Yuankang [291 – 299]. he was charged with section people rebelling and setting out from the frontier, and was dismissed from office. The King of Chengdu was headquartered at Ye. He petitioned for Yuanhai to act as General who Soothes the Boreal, Overseer of the Army Affairs of the Five Sections.

Emperor Hui lost control, robbers and thieves rose up in a swarm. Yuanhai's granduncle, the old Chief Commandant of the Northern Section and Worthy King of the Left, Liu Xuan, and others furtively discussed, saying:

Formerly our ancestors made a covenant with the Han to be brothers, [their] worries and contentment similar to them. Since the fall of Han, the era of Wei and Jin has risen, and our Shanyu is only an empty title, without having a foot of land for patrimony. From [one of] the various Kings and Marquises, he has fallen to be similar to the registered households.

Now the Sima clan's bones and flesh harm each other, in the Four Seas the tripods are boiling. To raise up our nation and restore our patrimony, this is the time. The Worthy King of the Left, Yuanhai's bearing and capacity is beyond other people, his abilities and manners surpasses the generation. Suppose Heaven does not broadly honour the Shanyu, in the end it would not uselessly give birth to this man.

Hence they privately together pushed forward Yuanhai to be Great Shanyu. They therefore sent their partisan Huyan You to go to Ye to accordingly tell him about the plan. Yuanhai requested to go home to attend a funeral, Ying would not allow it. He therefore ordered You to first return home, and tell Xuan and others to summon and assemble the Five Sections, and pull in and meet with the various Hu of Yiyang, to make sounds of obeying Ying, but actually betray him.

Ying became August Brother-Heir. He used Yuanhai as Colonel of Garrison Cavalry to the Brother-Heir. Emperor Hui attacked Ying, and stayed at Dangyin. Ying made use of Yuanhai [as] General who Assists the State and Controller of the Defence Affairs of the Northern City. When the Six Armies achieved defeat, Ying used Yuanhai as General of the Best of the Army, enfeoffed as Earl of Lunu.

The Inspector of Bing province, the Duke of Dongying, Teng, and the General who Calms the North, Wang Jun, raised troops to attack Ying. Yuanhai advised Ying, saying:

Now the two headquarters tramples on restraint, with a multitude exceeding 100 000. [I] fear we will not be able to hold against them with the personal guards and the nearby capital's gentlemen and commoners. [I] requests, Your Highness, to return to explain to the Five Sections, thereby to hasten to the state's difficulties.

Ying said:

The multitudes of the Five Sections, can they protect and set out already or not? Allowing for you being able to send them out, the Xianbei and Wuhuan are strong and quick like the wind and clouds. How easily can it be done? I wish to serve the Driving Carriage and return to Luoyang, and avoid their spear points, calmly summon Under Heaven to arms, and govern them according to their opposition or loyalty. Lord, what are your thoughts?

Yuanhai said:

Your Highness is the son of the Martial August Emperor, and has special merits in the royal house. Your power and kindness shine in harmony, the Four Sea's reverent wind [?]. Who would not consider to lose their lives and throw down their bodies for Your Highness? What is the difficulty in sending them out! Wang Jun is an upstart son and Dongying a distant cousin, how could they contend equally with Your Highness?

If Your Highness goes out alone from the Ye palace, and shows weakness to people, is it possible then to arrive in Luoyang? Suppose you reach Luoyang, power and authority will not be restored to Your Highness. A paper calling to arms is a foot-long letter, who will the person be who receives it!

Moreover the Eastern Hu's courage does not exceed the Five Sections. [I] wish Your Highness would encourage and console the multitude soldiers, calming them down and thereby quell them. [I] will, Your Highness, use two sections to destroy Dongying and three sections to put on display Wang Jun. You can point to the day when the heads of the two upstarts will be hanging up.

Ying was pleased and designated Yuanhai as Northern Shanyu, Assisting the Army Affairs of the Imperial Chancellor. Yuanhai arrived at Zuoguocheng. Liu Xuan and others elevated him to the title of Great Shanyu. Within twenty days the multitude was already 50 000. He set his capital at Lishi.

...

會豹卒，以元海代為左部帥。太康末，拜北部都尉。明刑法，禁姦邪，輕財好施，推誠接物，五部俊傑無不至者。幽冀名儒，後門秀士，不遠千里，亦皆遊焉。元康末，坐部人叛出塞免官。成都王穎鎮鄴，表元海行寧朔將軍、監五部軍事。惠帝失馭，寇盜蜂起，元海從祖故北部都尉、左賢王劉宣等竊議曰：「昔我先人與漢約為兄弟，憂泰同之。自漢亡以來，魏晉代興，我單于雖有虛號，無復尺土之業，自諸王侯，降同編戶。今司馬氏骨肉相殘，四海鼎沸，興邦復業，此其時矣。左賢王元海姿器絕人，幹宇超世。天若不恢崇單于，終不虛生此人也。」於是密共推元海為大單于。乃使其黨呼延攸詣鄴，以謀告之。元海請歸會葬，穎弗許。乃令攸先歸，告宣等招集五部，引會宜陽諸胡，聲言應穎，實背之也。

穎為皇太弟，以元海為太弟屯騎校尉。惠帝伐穎，次于蕩陰，穎假元海輔國將軍、督北城守事。及六軍敗績，穎以元海為冠軍將軍，封盧奴伯。并州刺史東嬴公騰、安北將軍王浚，起兵伐穎，元海說穎曰：「今二鎮跋扈，眾餘十萬，恐非宿衛及近都士庶所能禦之，請為殿下還說五部，以赴國難。」穎曰：「五部之眾可保發已不？縱能發之，鮮卑、烏丸勁速如風雲，何易可當邪？吾欲奉乘輿還洛陽，避其鋒銳，徐傳檄天下，以逆順制之。君意何如？」元海曰：「殿下武皇帝之子，有殊勳於王室，威恩光洽，四海欽風，孰不思為殿下沒命投軀者哉，何難發之有乎！王浚豎子，東嬴疏屬，豈能與殿下爭衡邪！殿下一發鄴宮，示弱於人，洛陽可復至乎？縱達洛陽，威權不復在殿下也。紙檄尺書，誰為人奉之！且東胡之悍不踰五部，願殿下勉撫士眾，靖以鎮之，當為殿下以二部摧東嬴，三部梟王浚，二豎之首可指日而懸矣。」穎悅，拜元海為北單于、參丞相軍事。元海至左國城，劉宣等上大單于之號，二旬之間，眾已五萬，都于離石。

JS101, attached biography of Liu Xuan

Liu Xuan, courtesy name Shize, was plain, blunt and with few words. He was fond of studying, and cultivated purity. His teacher was Sun Yan of Le'an. He was deeply focused on gathering thoughts [?], not resting day or night, and was fond of the Mao Poetry and Mr Zuo's Traditions. Yan always commended him, saying:

If Xuan had met Wu of Han, he would have exceeded Jin Midi.

When his studies were complete, he turned back. He did not set out from the village gates probably for several years. Always when reciting the Book of Han, when he reached the Biographies of Xiao He and Deng Yu, he not once did not turn around to chant them, saying:

A man of great talent, if he met the Two Founders, in the end he would not make the Two Excellencies alone hold first place in pleasing before [the ruler?].

The Inspector of Bing province, Wang Guang, spoke about him to Emperor Wu. The Emperor summoned him to audience. He praised his divination replies, and because of that said:

When I had not yet seen Xuan, I said Guang's words were empty and that was all. Now I have seen him advancing and halting with manners and decorum, he can truly be said to be like a jade sceptre. Observing his natural quality, he is more than able to console and assemble his home section.

He therefore used Xuan as Chief Controller of the Right Section, and specially gave him a red cloth bent canopy. He managed the officials purely and respectfully, and for that the section cherished him.

劉宣，字士則。朴鈍少言，好學修潔。師事樂安孫炎，沈精積思，不舍晝夜，好《毛詩》、《左氏傳》。每讀《漢書》，至《蕭何》、《鄧禹傳》，未曾不反覆詠之，曰：「大丈夫若遭二祖，終不令二公獨擅美於前矣。」並州刺史王廣言之於武帝，帝召見，嘉其占對，因曰：「吾未見宣，謂廣言虛耳。今見其進止風儀，真所謂如圭如璋，觀其性質，足能撫集本部。」乃以宣為右部都督，特給赤幛曲蓋。蒞官清恪，所部懷之。

JS102, Yearly Annals of Liu Cong

Liu Cong, courtesy name Xuanming, sometimes named Zai, was Yuanhai's fourth son. His mother was named Lady Zhang. Earlier when pregnant with Cong, Ms. Zhang dreamt the sun entered her breast. She woke and told about it. Yuanhai said:

This is a good omen. Be careful not to speak.

After 15 months she then gave birth to Cong. At night there was an anomaly of sun shining. His body's appearances was not regular. In his left ear there was a single white hair, more than 2 chi long, considerably lustrous and glossy.

As a child he was yet intelligent, perceptive, and fond of studying, the Broad Scholar Zhu Ji was greatly astonished of him. At the age of 14, he examined thoroughly the classics and histories, and in addition summarized the sayings of the hundred schools. Sun and Wu's Principles of War he did nothing but recite it. He was skilled with the draft and clerical scripts, and good at composing text. He displayed and expressed his deep feelings in more than a 100 chapters of poetry, and in more than 50 chapters of rhapsodies and hymns.

At 15, he practised striking and stabbing. He had ape arms and was good at shooting, could bend a bow of 300 jin. was strong of body, gallant and alert, ahead of others for his time. Wang Hun of Taiyuan saw and was pleased with him, he spoke to Yuanhai, saying:

This boy is not measurable by me.

As a youth he drifted to the Imperial Capital, the famous gentlemen did nobody did not communicate and connect [with him]. Yue Guang and Zhang Hua were particularly astonished with him.

The Grand Warden of Xinxing, Guo Yi, nominated him as Master of Accounts. He was recommended as Good and Supportive and entered to be Detached Marshal of Valiant Cavalry. He amassed to move to Chief Commandant of the Northern Section, he was good at consoling and connecting. There were none of the Five Sections' prominent and honoured who did not revert to him. The King of Hejian, petitioned for him to be Commander of the Palace Gentlemen of the Chisha.

Cong, since Yuanhai was at Ye, feared he would be murdered by the King of Chengdu, Ying. He therefore absconded and ran to the King of Chengdu. He was designated General who Amasses Crossbows of the Right, to assist in the battle affairs of the vanguard.

When Yuanhai became Northern Shanyu, he established him as Worthy King of the Right. He accompanied the return to the Right Section. When [Yuanhai] was enthroned as Great Shanyu, he changed his designation to Luli King.

劉聰，字玄明，一名載，元海第四子也。母曰張夫人。初，聰之在孕也，張氏夢日入懷，寤而以告，元海曰：「此吉徵也，慎勿言。」十五月而生聰焉，夜有白光之異。形體非常，左耳有一白毫，長二尺餘，甚光澤。幼而聰悟好學，博士朱紀大奇之。年十四，究通經史，兼綜百家之言，《孫吳兵法》靡不誦之。工草隸，善屬文，著述懷詩百餘篇、賦頌五十餘篇。十五習擊刺，猿臂善射，彎弓三百斤，膂力驍捷，冠絕一時。太原王渾見而悅之，謂元海曰：「此兒吾所不能測也。」

弱冠游于京師，名士莫不交結，樂廣、張華尤異之也。新興太守郭頤辟為主簿，舉良將，入為驍騎別部司馬，累遷右部都尉，善於撫接，五部豪右無不歸之。河間王顒表為赤沙中郎將。聰以元海在鄴，懼為成都王穎所害，乃亡奔成都王，拜右積弩將軍，參前鋒戰事。元海為北單于，立為右賢王，隨還右部。及即大單于位，更拜鹿蠡王

TPYL119, Regional Hegemons Part 3: Liu Yuan

Cui Hong's Spring and Autumn of the Sixteen States, Records of Former Zhao says:

…

It happened that his father Bao passed on. The Emperor used Yuan to replace him as Leader of the Left Section. He moved to General who Soothes the Boreal and Overseer of the Army Affairs of the Five Sections.

In the middle of Taian [302 – 303], Emperor Hui lost the government, the various Kings repeatedly destroyed and deposed each other. In the provinces and commanderies the faithless and presumptuous were rising up in a swarm. His granduncle the Chief Commandant of the Northern Section and Worthy of the Right, Xuan and others discussed, saying:

The Worthy of Right and Left, Yuan's bearing and capacity is beyond other people, his abilities and manners surpasses the generation. Under Heaven broadly honours the Shanyu, and in the end does not uselessly give birth to this man.

Hence they together pushed forward Yuan to be Great Shanyu.

…

崔鴻《三十國春秋·前趙錄》曰：

…

會父豹卒，帝以淵代為左部帥，轉寧朔將軍，監五部軍事。大安中，惠帝失政，諸王迭相殘廢，州郡奸豪，所在蜂起。從祖北部都尉、右賢宣等議曰：「右左賢淵姿器絕人，幹宇超世，天下恢崇單于，終不虛生此人也。」於是共推淵為大單于。

TPYL119, Regional Hegemons Part 3: Liu Cong

Cui Hong's Spring and Autumn of the Sixteen States, Records of Former Zhao says:

Liu Cong, courtesy name Xuanming, sometimes named Zai, was Yuan's fourth son. During his mother Lady Zhang's pregnancy, she dreamt the sun entered her breast. She woke and told Yuan. Yuan said:

A good omen.

15 months from that she then gave birth to Cong. At night there was an anomaly of sun shining. In his left ear there was a single white hair, more than 2 chi long. As a child he was yet intelligent and aware. He examined thoroughly the classics and histories, and the sayings of the hundred schools. Sun and Wu's Principles of War he did nothing but thoroughly [study] it. He had ape arms and was good at shooting, could bend a bow of 300 jin, was strong of body, gallant and alert, ahead of others for his time.

…

崔鴻《三十國春秋·前趙錄》曰：劉聰，字玄明，一名載，淵第四子。母張夫人之孕，夢日入懷，寤而告淵，淵曰：「吉征也。」自是十五月而生聰，夜有白光之異。左耳有一白毫，長二尺餘。幼而聰寤，究通經史百家之言，孫吳兵法靡不通之。猿臂善射，彎弓三百斤，膂力驍捷，冠絕一時。幼而聰寤，究通經史百家之言，孫吳兵法靡不通之。猿臂善射，彎弓三百斤，膂力驍捷，冠絕一時。

TPYL142, Imperial Relatives Part 8: Liu Yuan's Empress Zhang

Cui Hong's Spring and Autumn of the Sixteen States, Records of Former Zhao says:

Liu Yuan's August Empress Ms. Zhang dreamt the sun entered her breast. She woke and told Yuan. Yuan said:

A good omen. Be careful not to speak of it.

15 months from that she gave birth to Cong.

崔鴻《三十國春秋·前趙錄》曰：劉淵皇后張氏，夢日入懷，寤而告淵，淵曰：「吉征也，慎勿言之。」自是十五月生聰。

ZZTJ080, Annals of Jin

…

It happened that Bao passed on. Used Yuan to replace him as Leader of the Left Section.

…

會豹卒，以淵代爲左部帥。

ZZTJ082, Annals of Jin

...

[289 AD]

Decreed to use Liu Yuan as the Xiongnu's Chief Commandant of the Northern Section. Yuan made light of riches and was fond of giving, poured out his heart into connecting with people. Of the Five Section's prominent and outstanding and You and Ji's famous Ruists many went to revert to him.

…

[290 AD]

Used Liu Yuan as General who Establishes Power and Great Chief Controller of the Xiongnu's Five Sections.

詔以劉淵爲匈奴北部都尉。淵輕財好施，傾心接物，五部豪桀，幽、冀名儒，多往歸之。

…

以劉淵爲建威將軍、匈奴五部大都督。

…

ZZTJ085, Annals of Jin

…

[304 AD]

Earlier, the Brother-Heir Ying had petitioned the Xiongnu Worthy King of the Left, Liu Yuan, to be General of the Best of the Army and Overseer of the Army Affairs of the Five Sections, making him command the troops at Ye.

Yuan's son Cong was gallant and brave above others. He broadly read the classics and histories, was good at composing writings, and could bend a bow of 300 jin. As a youth he drifted to the Imperial Capital , the famous gentlemen nobody did not communicate with him. Ying used Cong as General who Amasses Crossbows.

Yuan's granduncle, the Worthy King of the Right, Xuan, spoke to his tribesmen, saying:

Since the fall of Han, our Shanyu is simply an empty title, without having a foot of land. From more than Kings and Marquises, he has fallen to be similar to the registered households. Now our multitudes, though diminished, are still not reduced to 20 000, why is it [that we have] pulled back our hands and accepted to serve, for soon to exceed a hundred years!

The Worthy King of the Left's nobility and martial ability surpasses the generation. If Heaven does not wish to raise up the Xiongnu, it surely would not uselessly give birth to this man. Now the Sima clan's bones and flesh harm each other, in the Four Seas the tripods are boiling. To restore the patrimony of Huhanxie, this is the time!

They therefore planned with each other to push forward Yuan to be Great Shanyu. They sent their partisan Huyan You to go to Ye and tell him.

Yuan reported to Ying, and requested to go home to attend a funeral, Ying would not allow it. Yuan ordered You to first return home, and tell Xuan and others to cause to summon and assemble the Five Sections and the sundry Hu, to make sounds of helping Ying, but actually intending to rebel against him. When Wang Jun and the Duke of Dongying, Teng, raised troops. Yuan advised Ying, saying:

Now the two headquarters tramples on restraint, with a multitude exceeding 100 000. [I] fear we will not be able to hold against them with the personal guards and the nearby commandery's gentlemen and multitudes. [I] requests, Your Highness, to return to explain to the Five Sections, thereby to hasten to the state's difficulties.

Ying said:

The multitudes of the Five Sections, can they truly set out or not? Allowing for you being able to send them out, with the Xianbei and Wuhuan it is not easy to do it. I wish to serve the Driving Carriage and return to Luoyang, and thereby avoid their spearhead, calmly summon Under Heaven to arms, and govern them according to their opposition or loyalty. Lord, what are your thoughts?

Yuan said:

Your Highness is the son of the Martial August Emperor, and has great merit in the royal house. Your power and kindness are known far-away. Within the Four Seas, who would not wish to exhaust all their strength for Your Highness? How is it difficult to send them out?

Wang Jun is an upstart boy and Dongying a distant cousin, how could they contend equally with Your Highness? If Your Highness goes out alone from the Ye palace, and shows weakness to people, it will not be possible then to arrive in Luoyang. Even if you arrive in Luoyang, power and authority will not be restored to Your Highness.

Ying was pleased and designated Yuan as Northern Shanyu, Assisting the Army Affairs of the Imperial Chancellor. Yuan arrived at Zuoguocheng. Liu Xuan and others elevated him to the title of Great Shanyu. Within twenty days he had a multitude of 50 000. He set his capital at Lishi and used Cong as Luli King.

初，太弟穎表匈奴左賢王劉淵爲冠軍將軍，監五部軍事，使將兵在鄴。淵子聰，驍勇絕人，博涉經史，善屬文，彎弓三百斤；弱冠游京師，名士莫不與交。穎以聰為積弩將軍。淵從祖右賢王宣謂其族人曰：「自漢亡以來，我單于徒有虛號，無復尺土；自餘王侯，降同編戶。今吾眾雖衰，猶不減二萬，奈何斂手受役，奄過百年！左賢王英武超世，天茍不欲興匈奴，必不虛生此人也。今司馬氏骨肉相殘，四海鼎沸，復呼韓邪之業，此其時矣！」乃相與謀，推淵為大單于，使其黨呼延攸詣鄴告之。

淵白穎，請歸會葬，穎弗許。淵令攸先歸，告宣等使招集五部及雜胡，聲言助穎，實欲叛之。及王浚、東嬴公騰起兵，淵說穎曰：「今二鎮跋扈，眾十餘萬，恐非宿衛及近郡士眾所能禦也，請為殿下還說五部，以赴國難。」穎曰：「五部之眾，果可發否？就能發之，鮮卑、烏桓，未易當也。吾欲奉乘輿還洛陽以避其鋒，徐傳檄天下，以逆順制之，君意何如？」淵曰：「殿下武皇帝之子，有大勳於王室，威恩遠著，四海之內，孰不願為殿下盡死力者！何難發之！王浚豎子，東嬴疏屬，豈能與殿下爭衡邪！殿下一發鄴宮，示弱於人，洛陽不可得而至；雖至洛陽，威權不復在殿下也。願殿下撫勉士眾，靖以鎮之，淵請為殿下以二部摧東嬴，三部梟王浚，二豎之首，可指日而懸也。」穎悅，拜淵為北單于、參丞相軍事。淵至左國城，劉宣等上大單于之號，二旬之間，有眾五萬，都於離石，以聰為鹿蠡王。

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Text

Biography of Shi Le (Weishu)

A brief history of Later Zhao. I feel like this post should have some kind of content warning. From Weishu 095.

The Jie Hu Shi Le, courtesy name Shilong, had the child name Fule. His ancestors were a separate section of the Xiongnu which divided off to live among the Jie families in Wuxiang in Shangdang [?]. For that reason he is titled a Jie Hu. [Jie羯 also means “castrated ram”.]

His grandfather Xieyiyu and his father Zhouhezhu, also written Qiyijia, were both minor leaders of section groups. Zhouhezhu was by nature brutal and course, and was not adhered to by the crowd of Hu. Le was large and strong, had brave schemes, and excelled at riding and shooting. Zhouhezhu always made him replace himself in supervising and administering the section Hu. The section Hu were fond of and trusted him.

The Inspector of Bing province, Sima Teng, seized various Hu, and sold them East of the Mountains to fill army supplies. A pair of Hu [shared] a single cangue. Le likewise was among [them]. Arriving in Pingyuan, he was originally sold to Mr. Shi as a slave. In the neighbourhood of the Shi family there were horse shepherd. Le and the shepherd leader Ji Sang came and went supporting each other. He thereupon summoned ans assembled Wang Yang, Kui An, Zhi Xiong, Ji Bao, Wu Yu, Liu Ying, Tao Bao, Lu Ming, Guo Ao, Liu Bao, Zhang Yi, Huyan Mo, Guo Heilüe, Zhang Yue, Kong Tun, Zhao Lu, Zhi Quliu and others. They went east to the Red Dragon and Thoroughbred Pastures, drove the pasture horses and turned around to plunder silk and treasures to accordingly present to Ji Sang.

At the deposing of the King of Chengdu, Ying, Ying's former general, Dong Shi Fan of Yangping and others called himself General, and rose with troops in Zhao and Wei. The multitudes reached several ten thousands. Le and Ji Sang led the shepherds, driving the pasture horses, several hundred cavalry, to accordingly go to him. And so Sang first instructed Le to use Shi as his family, and use Le as his personal name. Fan designated him as Controller of the Van Unit.

Fan was defeated in battle and himself died. Le and Ji Sang absconded to hide within the pastures. Ying's generals went north of the He. Ji Sang used Le to crouch at night at the Serrated Gates. He led the shepherds to coerce and plunder the commanderies and counties' bound convicts. He gathered an army to respond to him, garrisoning at Pingshi.

Sang called himself Great General and advanced the army to attack Ye. He used Le as Chief Commandant of the Vanguard. He attacked Ye and overcame it. A short while after he was defeated by the Jin general Gou Xi.

Le went to follow Liu Yuan, He designated him General who Assists Han and King who Pacifies Jin. Liu Cong was established. He used Le as Great General who Conquers the East, Inspector of Bing province and Duke of Ji commandery.

Liu Can attacked Luoyang. Le detained the Senior Clerk Diao Ying to control 90 000 footsoldiers, moved the supply wagons to Zhongmen, led 20 000 light cavalry to meet with Can at Taiyang, and greatly defeated Jin's Army Overseer Pei Miao at Mianche. Thereupon he arrived in the Luo river lands.

Le set out for Chengdao, and besieged Jin's Chief Commandant of Chenliu, Wang Zan, at Cangyuan. He was defeated by Zan.

He garrisoned Wenshi ford, wanting to attack northward against Jin's Inspector of You province, Wang Jun. It happened that Jun's general Wang Jia just then led more than 10 000 cavalry of the Liaoxi Xianbei to defeat Liu Cong's Great General who Calms the North, Zhao Gu to the north of the ford. Le therefore burnt the ships and abandoned the encampment, and pulled the army towards Baimen. He greeted the supply wagons from Zhongmen, joined [with them] at Shimen and crossed.

He attacked southward against Jin's Inspector of Yu province, Feng Song, in Chen commandery, but did not overcome. He advanced to attack the Chief Commandant of Xiangcheng, Cui Guang, at Fanchang, and beheaded him.

Before this, drifting people from Yong province, Wang Ru, Hou Tuo, Yan Yi and others, rose with troops between the Jiang and Huai, and received office and rank from Liu Yuan. They heard of Le's coming, and were afraid. They dispatched a multitude of 100 000 to resist at Xiangcheng. Le strike and defeated them, and fully captured their multitudes.

Le arrived in Nanyang, and garrisoned the mountains north of Wan. Wang Ru dispatched envoys to discuss peace. Le advanced to attack Wan, took it, beheaded Hou Tuo, took the surrender of Yan Yi, fully [capturing] both their multitudes.

He moved south to Xiangyang, attacking and taking more than 30 ramparts, and had ambitions of occupying [the land between] Jiang and Han. Le's Senior Clerk of the Right, Zang Bin considered it to be impossible, so he withdrew the army and went north.

Jin's Grand Tutor, the King of Donghai, Yue, led the multitudes of Luoyang, more than 200 000, to punish Le. Yue passed away in the field. The people of the army pushed forward the Grand Commandant Wang Yan as master, to lead the army and go east.

Le pursued and struck, routing them in Ku county. Le distributed cavalry to surround and shoot the,, [the dead?] piled up on each other like a mountain. He killed Wang Yan, Jin's King of Xiangyang, Fan, and others, 100 000 people. Yue's Heir Pi heard Yue had passed away, and set out from Luoyang, the followers poured out of the city [?]. Le confronted Pi at Weicang, and routed him. He seized Pi and 16 kings of the Jin imperial house and also the various ministers and gentlemen, and killed them all.

He together with Wang Mi and Liu Yao attacked and captured Luoyang, turning the merit over [?] to Mi and Yao. Thereupon he set out for Huanyuan. He captured Jin's Great General Gou Xi, and used him as Marshal of the Left. Liu Cong conferred on Le Great General who Garrisons the Army and Inspector of You province, acting as Inspector of Bing province.

He employed Zhang Bin's plan, and undertook himself from Ge Slope [?] to move his seat north to Xiangguo. He invaded You province, caught Wang Jun, and killed him. Liu Cong added to Le Earl of Xiadong, to manage on his own conquests and attacks, and to enfeoff and designate Inspectors, Generals, Wardens and steward, and arrangement of marquises, annually to comprehensively compile and send up [?].

When Liu Can was killed by Jin Zhun, Le led the multitudes to hurry to Pingyang. Yao claimed the venerated title. He conferred on Le Great Marshal, Great General, and additionally the Nine Bestowments. He added to his fief 10 commandiers, together with the preceding, 13 commanderies, and advanced him to be Duke of Zhao.

Le arrived at Pingyang. Jin Lang set out to battle with Le, Le greatly routed him. He dispatched Combined Senior Clerks of the Left, Wang Xiu, and the Master of Accounts, Liu Mao, to present the victory to Yao. Lang led the multitudes of Pingyang in flight to Yao. Yao proceeded west to Suyi. Le burnt Pingyang's palaces houses, set up border guards and returned. He moved the whole ritual and musical receptacles to Xiangguo.

Yao dispatched envoys to confer on Le Grand Steward, acting as Great General, and advanced his noble rank to King of Zhao, adding to his fief 7 commanderies, together with the preceding, 20 commanderies, when setting out and entering the guards to clear way, his crown to have 12 strings, to drive the Gold Root chariot, the carriage to have six horses, like in the old affairs when Wu of Wei assisted Han.

Wang Xiu's retainer, Cao Pingle stayed to serve at Yao's court. He talked to Yao, saying:

[When] the Great Marshal dispatched Xiu and others to come, he on the outside showed extreme reverence but on the inside [wanted to] spy out strength or weakness.

Yao truly was withered and wasted, and feared Xiu would make public about him [?]. Greatly angered, he dispatched to turn back the recorded instructions, and beheaded Wang Xiu.

Liu Mao escaped and returned, and told the circumstances of Xiu's death. Le was greatly angered, and executed Cao Pingle's father and elder brother, and eradicated his three kindred. He also made known to retroactively put stop to the conferrals of Grand Steward and King of Zhao, angrily saying:

The rise of Emperors and Kings, again how are they regular? King of Zhao, Emperor of Zhao, Your Orphan himself will take it. Fame and titles great and small, why are they measured by you?

Le therefore declared himself Great Commander-in-Chief, Great General, Great Shanyu and King of Zhao, using 24 commanderies as the state of Zhao, and declared it to be the Inaugural Year of the King of Zhao. It was the 3rd Year of Pingwen [319 AD].

Le dispatched envoys to seek peace, requesting to be brothers. Beheaded his envoys to thereby terminate it. From then at court assemblies, he regularly pretended to the rites and music of the Son of Heaven, accordingly hosting the crowd of subjects.

1st Year of Emperor Lie [329 AD], Le again dispatched envoys to request peace. The Emperor accepted it.

2nd Year [330 AD], Le usurped to declare [himself] August Emperor and set up the hundred officials., the era titled Jiangping [“Establishing Peace”, 330 – 333]. Even though the seat was at Xiangguo, he also constructed palaces at Ye. The builders were several hundred thousand followers, combining accordingly day and night.

5th Year [333 AD], Le died. His son Daya was falsely established.

Daya's name violates the temple taboo of Xianzu [I.e Emperor Xianwen of Wei, Tuoba Hong.] Daya was established, titling the era Yanxi [“Extended Radiance”, 334 AD]. Shi Hu deposed Daya to be King of Haiyang and falsely established [himself]. Soon after he killed him.

Hu, courtesy name Jilong, was Le's nephew. His grandfather was named Fuxie and his father was named Koumi. Koumi had seven sons, Hu was the fourth. Le's father. Le's father from he was an infant treated him as a son. For that reason some speaks of him as Le's younger brother.

In the middle of Jin's Yongxing [304 – 306], he and Le lost each other.

5th Year of Yongjia [311 AD], Liu Kun sent off Le's mother, Ms. Wang, and Hu to Ge slope. At the time he was 17 years old.

He was by nature ruthless and cruel, wandering and hunting without measure, able to shoot left and right. He excelled at using the pellet crossbow to shoot people. Within the army they were considerably vexed by him. Le made clear to his mother, saying:

This boy is brutal, violent and unreliable. [If I] make people in the army kill him, [my] fame and renown might decline. [I] ought to eliminate him myself.

Wang said:

A fast ox when he is a calf, is often able to destroy the chariot. Have after all a little endurance and do not let go of him.

When he became 18 years old, he was 7 chi, 5 cun tall, with bows and horses he was quick and nimble, in bravery he was at the head of the time period. Generals, subordinates, relatives and friends could not but respect in dread, Le deeply praised him.

Yet his brutal murdering was beyond proportions. Within the army there were those whose were large and strong, and because of that when [they during] hunting amused [themselves] with jokes [?], he immediately killed them. Arriving at the surrenders of cities and captures of ramparts, he did not then judge and separate good and evil, but buried and beheaded gentlemen and women, and rarely omitting anyone [?].

He managed the multitudes strict and orderly, [so they] did not dare commit crimes. When he directed and conferred attacks and punishments [of the enemy], in that direction there were nobody in front [of him]. For that reason Le's favour and trust were extensive and abundant, relying upon him accordingly sole for appointments for conquests.

Liu Cong used Hu as Grand Warden of Wei commandery, headquartered at Ye's Three Terraces. He was also enfeoffed Marquis of Fanyang, with a revenue estate of 3 000 households. Le became King of Zhao. He used Hu as General of Chariots and Cavalry, concurrently Palace Attendant and Opening Office, and advanced his fief to Duke of Zhongshan. Le claimed the venerated title. He became Grand Commandant and Warden Prefect of the Masters of Writing, enfeoffed King of Zhongshan, with a revenue estate of 10 000 households.

Le died. Hu on his own executed the Brilliantly Blessed Grandee of the Right, Chang Xia, and the Prefect of the Palace Writers, Xu Guang. He dispatched his son Sui to led troops and enter Daya's palace. The duty guard and civil and martial officials all ran and scattered. Daya was greatly afraid, affirmed himself to be inexperienced and inferior, and yielded the throne to Hu. Hu said:

Suppose [you] are incapable, Under Heaven must itself have great righteousness. How is it sufficient to comfortably discuss [?].

Thereupon he compelled to establish him.

Hu [used] himself as Imperial Chancellor and King of Wei. Hu, due to Le's civil and military officials [being] old subjects, always filled vacancies with appointments from Imperial Chancellor's pen [?]. His office companions were old intimates, and everyone stayed at the Terraces scrutinizing restrictions and demands [?].

He changed Le's Heir Apparent Palace to be named the Chongxun [“Esteemed Teachings”] Palace, and moved Le's wife Ms. Liu and below to live there. He chose their beautiful and gentle, and the control of [?] chariots, horses and clothes, everything reverted to Hu's mansion. Ms. Liu spoke to her King of Pengcheng, Shi Kan, saying:

The Imperial Chancellor readily assents to transgress and step on, [I] fear the extermination of the state's blessings will not again wait for long. It can truly be said to be raising a tiger [hu] to harm yourself. King, might [I] ask [your] designs for it?

Kan said:

The Former Emperor's old subjects are all outside due to dismissals. The multitudes' journeys do not again make use of [our] people]. Inside of the palace halls is a burial plan for destruction [?].

Your Subject requests to set out and flee for Yan province, occupy Linqiu, support the King of Nanyang, Hui, as Master of the Covenant, proclaim the Empress Dowager's decree to the various shepherds and wardens, [Generals who] Conquers and Garrisons, order each to lead righteous troops to just now punish the evil rebel. They will not but aid.

Ms. Liu made it so. But then Kan's plan did not come to fruit. Hu roasted [?] and killed him, and also killed Ms. Liu. Shi Sheng was formerly headquartered at Chang'an, Shi Lang was headquartered at Luoyang. Both rose with troops to punish Hu, and were wiped out by Hu.

Hu thereupon established himself as King of Great Zhao, titled the year Jianwu [“Establishing the Martial”, 335 – 348 AD], and moved from Xiangguo to reside at Ye. He therefore killed Daya and his mother Ms. Cheng, and all of Daya's various younger brothers.

Earlier, Hu was wearing ceremonial dress and crown and was about to sacrifice at the southern suburbs, when his reflection in the mirror had no head. He was greatly afraid and terrified, and did not dare to make claim to August Emperor. Therefore he lowered himself to be King.

He made his Heir-Apparent Sui scrutinize and admit the memorials and affairs of the Masters of Writing. Only [if the topic was] the selection for the shepherds and wardens, sacrifices at the suburbs and temples, conquests and attacks, punishments and dismissals, he then personally inspected them. Hu again changed to claim [himself] Heavenly King of Great Zhao. [When] Sui used affairs to submit to him, he indignantly said:

These are minor matters, how are they sufficient to submit!

At times when he had questions, he also angrily said:

Why did you not submit!

He criticized and called him to account, and struck him with a cane, for a length of two or three months. Sui was considerably resentful and vengeful, and privately spoke to the Palace Cadet Li Yan and others, saying:

The public house is difficult to esteem. I desire to act on the affairs of Moudun. Sirs, do you follow me?

Yan and others in the circumstances did not dare to reply. Hu heard and was greatly angered. He killed Sui and his 26 sons and daughters, and buried them only in a coffin. He executed his palace subjects and supporting faction, more than 200 people. He established his second son Xuan as Heir-Apparent.

Hu erected at Ye more than forty towers, and constructed palaces at Chang'an and Luoyang. The builders were more than 400 000 people. He also desired to erect a gallery way from Ye reaching until Xiangguo.

He commanded the four provinces south of the He to draw up preparations of the host; Bing, Shuo, Qin, Yong and Yan嚴 in the west to provide supplies for a punishment [campaign]; Qing, Ji and You to send out three of five as troops. The various provinces prepared 500 000 armoured soldiers. He disturbed and laboured the common people, people numerously lost their patrimony. He obtained from the mulberry farmers from ten houses he had three [?]. Of sailors there were 17 000 people. Those drowned in the water or murdered by Hu [or “tigers”] were one out of three.

When examining or calling into account summoned soldiers five people [were to bring] one chariot, two oxen, 15 hu rice each and 10 bolts of tabby silk [?]. In the various service movements [if] there were those who did not get ready, he always used beheading as sentence. Destitute people for the most part often sold children to accordingly fill army regulations [?]. And if still insufficient, they hanged themselves on the roads and paths. The dead looked at each other, as if seeking to send out without end.

The Grand Martial Hall was completed, with illustrations picturing loyal subjects, filial sons, zealous gentlemen and chaste women, all altered to be in the shape of the Hu, the heads receding into the shoulders. Hu greatly detested them.

He dispatched the Minister of Gamekeeping [?] and Commander of the Palace Gentlemen, Jia Ba, to lead 4 000 labourers and artisans to build in the hills and mountains of Dongping 1 000 hunting chariots. [With?] the shafts they were 3 zhang long, the height was 1 zhang 8 chi, the nets were 1 zhang 7 chi tall. They laid out forty of Hu's chariots, erecting moving two storey buildings on top of them [?]. To the south they reached Xingyang, to the east Jiyang commandery, he made the Imperial Clerks oversee and direct.

Within them there were birds and beasts, those of the people who trespassed were punished as great criminals. The Imperial Clerks because of it arrogating making power and fortune [?]. [If] people had pretty women or excellent oxen and horses, and they demanded but did not get them, they readily made false accusations using the sentencing for trespassing on the beasts. Those of the people who died succeeded each other, between the sea and Mount Dai, the He and the Ji, people had no aspirations for tranquility.

He also sent out the people's oxen, more than 20 000 animals, allotted to the Shepherd of Shuo province's officials. He added to the interior officials 24 grades, to the Eastern Palace 12 grades. The various dukes and marquises, more than 70 sets, all were to set up women officials in 9 grades.

Before this, he greatly sent out the people's women, [those] twenty and below, and thirteen and above, more than 30 000 people, to be ranking in three grades, and accordingly divided and allotted them. Commanderies and counties having hopes and aims applied themselves to the beautiful and gentle, the snatched wives were more than 9 000 people. Wives of the people with a beautiful appearance, and the prominent and powerful because of that then threatening them, led many to kill themselves. The Heir-Apparent and the various Dukes privately ordered to gather those sent out, likewise close to 10 000.

9th Year of Jianguo [346 AD], Hu dispatched envoys to court with tribute.

He made his Heir-Apparent Xuan and Xuan's younger brother, the Duke of Qin, Tao on alternative days scrutinize and admit the memorials and affairs of the Masters of Writing. Xuan detested that Tao was equal to himself and spoke to his favourites, Yang Ke, Mou Cheng and others, saying:

[If] you all kill Tao, and I enter the Western Palace, [I] will use the estates of Tao's state to divide the fief [among] you all. When Tao is dead, the Sovereign will surely personally preside. Following that [I will] act out the great affair, it will not but succeed.

Ke and others promised and assented. Therefore at night they entered Tao's mansion and killed him. Hu wanted to set out and preside over Tao's mourning, his Minister of Works, Li Nong, remonstrated, and he therefore desisted.

Next day, there was a person who told about it. Hu was greatly angered. He used iron rings to pierce Xuan's jaw and shackled him. He made a wooden trough of several dou, blending accordingly stews as meals, using the methods of pigs and dogs to feed him. He took the blades and weapons that murdered Tao [for Xuan] to lick the blood on top of them, the sound of the cries and shouts shook and moved the palace halls.

He stored up firewood north of the city, planting a guidepost on top of it. At the end of the guidepost he set up a lifting pulley, boring through it using a rope. He sent off Xuan to the place of the guidepost, and made Tao's personal eunuchs, Hao Ya and Liu Ling, pull out his hair, take out his tongue, and use ropes through his jaws for the pulley to winch him up with. Liu Ling chopped off his hands and feet, cleaved the eyes and scattered the stomach, like Tao's wounds. They let loose the fire on four sides, the smoke and flames reaching the sky. Hu, accompanied by the Bright and Decorous [a concubine rank] and below, several thousand people, climbed the Middle Terrace to accordingly observe it. The fire extinguished, he took the ashes to distribute and set up at the various gates and road junctions.

He killed his wives and children, 29 people, executed his four Leaders [of the guard] and below, 300 people, and eunuchs, 50 people. All were torn apart by chariots until the joins loosened, and dumped into the Zhang river. He defiled his Eastern Palace, using it to rear pigs and oxen.

12th Year [349 AD], Hu declared himself August Emperor, titling the year Taining [“Grand Tranquility”, 349 AD].

Hu died, his youngest son Shi was falsely established. Hu's foster grandson Min killed Shi, and used Shi's elder brother Zun as the ruler. Zun used Min as Great General Assisting the Government.

When Zun had been established for seven days there was a great storm, with thunderclaps, day became night [?]. Flames and water came down together, causing calamity at the Grand Martial Hall, extending to reach inside of the palace, offices and storehouses, reaching until the Main [changhe] Gate. It burned for the remainder of the month and then was extinguished.

Zun's elder brother Jian also killed Zun and established himself, titling the year Qinglong [“Blue-green Dragon”. Jian's younger brother Bao together with the Hu Zhang Cai, Sun Fudu and others planned to kill Min, did not overcome and died. From the Fengyang Gate to the Kunhua Hall, the piled up corpses were like hills, the flowing blood complete ponds.

Min understood the Hu people could not be employed by himself, and therefore closed the four gates of Ye City, completely killing the various Hu. Of those the Jin people who resembled the Hu many likewise excessively died. Min then killed Jian and established himself, and completely exterminated the Shi clan.

[Interestingly 晉人 here seems to be used in an ethnic sense.]

Min's original family name was Ran, he therefore restored it as his family name. He declared himself Great Wei, titling the year Yongxing [“Eternal Fostering”, 350 – 352] Soon after he was caught by Murong Jun.

#ws095

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bookofjin · 5 years

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Records of Han, 1st Year of Guangxing (310 AD)

Liu Cong, courtesy name Xuanming, also named Zai, was Yuan's 4th son. His mother was named Lady Zhang. Earlier, when she was pregnant with Cong, Lady Zhang dreamt the sun entered her breast. She woke up and told Yuan. Yuan said:

This is a good omen, take care not to talk of it.

Fifteen months from that then she gave birth to Cong, at night there was an exceptional white light. The shape of his body was not usual. In his left ear there was a single white hair, more than two chi long with considerable shine and lustre. As a young child he was yet intelligent and aware and fond of studying, the Broad Scholar Zhu Ji greatly marvelled at him. At the age of fourteen, he delved thoroughly into the the classics and histories, and even more so the assembled words of the hundred schools. In Sun and Wu's Principles of War there was nothing he did not completely understand.

He was skilled with the draft and clerical scripts, and good with composing texts. He displayed and expressed his deepest feelings in more than a hundred chapters of poetry, and more than fifty chapters of rhapsodies and hymns. At fifteen he practised striking and stabbing. He had ape arms and was good at shooting, he could bend a bow 300 jin strong, was strong in body, valiant and agile, ahead and beyond the times. Wang Hun of Taiyuan saw and was pleased with him. He spoke to Yuanhai, saying:

This boy cannot be measured by me.

As a youth he drifted to the Imperial City, there were nobody of the famous scholars he did not communicate and connect with. Yue Guang and Zhang Hua particularly marvelled at him.

Jin's Grand Warden of Xinxing, Guo Yi, nominated him has Master of Accounts, he served accordingly in the commandery's affairs. He was recommended good and supportive, and entered to become Marshal of Detached Section of Valiant Cavalry. The King of Qi, Jiong, used him as Palace Commandant of State. He set out to be Marshal of the Left Section, and soon after amassed to move to Chief Commandant of the Right Section. He was good at consoling and connected, there were none of the Five Section's prominent and honoured who did not revert to him. The Grand Steward, the King of Hejian, Yong, petitioned him to be Commander of the Palace Gentlemen of the Red Sand.

Cong, since Yuan was at Ye, and he feared he would be murdered by the King of Chengdu, Ying, he absconded and ran to Ying. Ying was extremely pleased, and designated him General who Amasses Crossbows of the Right, Assisting the Battle Affairs of the Vanguards. When Yuanhai became Shanyu of the North, he was established as Worthy King of the Right, and accompanied to turn back to the Right Section. When he was enthroned as Great Shanyu, he changed his designation to Lulu King. When Yuan claimed the great title, he designated him Great Marshal, ennobled King of Chu.

When he had killed his elder brother He, the crowd of subjects urged him to accede to the venerated title. Cong, since the King of Bohai, Ai, was the son of Empress Shan, accordingly yielded the rank to him. Ai and the excellencies and ministers wept and snivelled, and firmly requested. Cong after quite awhile agreed to it, saying:

Ai and the crowd of excellencies just, since the Four Seas are not yet settled and calamities and difficulties are still many, prefer Your Orphan, aged and old, that is all. With these affairs of this state and house, how could Your Orphan dare to not reverently follow. Now [I] readily wish to distantly obey Yin of Lu, await Ai coming of age, and return to the son, the enlightened sovereign.

Hence, accordingly, in the 4th Year of Yongjia [310 AD], he usurped to accede to the throne of August Emperor in the Brilliant Eminence Front Hall. A great amnesty. Changed the year to the 1st Year of Guangxing [“Brilliant Flourishing”]. He venerated Yuan's wife, Ms. Shan, as August Empress Dowager, his mother, Ms. Zhang, as Imperial Empress Dowager, and Ai as August Brother-Heir, acting as Great Shanyu and Great Minister over the Masses. He established his wife, Ms. Huyan, as August Empress. He ennobled his son Can as King of Henei, with appointment as Envoy Holding the Tally, Great General who Consoles the Army, Commander-in-Chief of All Army Affairs in the Centre and Outside, Yi as King of Henei, Yi# as King of Pengcheng, Kui as King of Gaoping.

9th Month, xinwei [20 October], buried the Yuan at the Yongguang [“Eternal Brilliance”] Mound, his posthumous title was Brilliant and Civil [guangwen] August Emperor, his temple name Exalted Ancestor [gaozu].

Winter, 10th Month [8 November – 7 December], he dispatched Can, his [General who] Conquers the East, Wang Mi, the Dragon-Prancing [General], Liu Yao, and others to lead a multitude of 40 000 to rob Luoyang. Shi Le led 20 000 cavalry to meet with Can at Dayang, they defeated the Army Overseer Pei Miao at Mianchi. Thereupon they made a long chase to enter the Luo river-lands. Thereupon they set out for Huanyuan, and made full circuit of the lands within Liang, Chen, Ru and Ying, and captured more than a hundred ramparts and fortifications. Le set out for the Chenggao Pass.

On renyin [20 November], he besieged the Grand Warden of Chenliu, Wang Zan, at Cangyuan. He was defeated by Zan, and withdrew to station at Shijin.

Cong's general Zhao Gu and Jin's General of Chariots and Cavalry, Wang Shen[shi], opposed each other at Yanjin. At the time there was a yellow fog day and night, and people did not see each other. Gu's army was greatly defeated.

11th Month [8 December – 5 January 311], the Ruler of Han, Cong, since he himself had been established out of order, was hostile to his trueborn elder brother Gong. Because of that, when Gong was sleeping, he made a hole in his walls, stabbed and killed him. He used his Minister of Works, Liu Jing, as Great Great Marshal, the Brilliantly Blessed of the Left, Liu Yin, as Great Minister over the Masses, the Brilliantly Blessed of the Right, Wang Yu, as Great Minister of Works.

Wang Shenshi attacked Liu Yao and Wang Mi at Pinglei, and routed them.

12th Month [6 January – 4 February], the Bogus Empress Dowager, Ms. Shan was young in years and her manners and appearance were beyond beautiful, Cong was licentious with her. Shan's was precisely Ai's mother. Ai again and again accordingly was talking about it. Ms. Shan was ashamed and angry, and died. Cong was saddened and disheartened without end. Later he learned of her reasons, and Ai's favour following this gradually declined. However since he still remembered and recalled Ms. Shan, he was not yet comfortable with dismissing and deposing. He also venerated his mother as August Empress.

Cong's Empress, Ms. Huyan, was a junior cousin of Yuan's empress. She had a beautiful appearance, was respectful and filial, and deferred to the lineage clan. Yuan's empress was fond of Cong's manners and appearance, and for that reason she was matched with him. She always spoke to Cong, saying:

That when the father is at an end, the son carries on, is the great statute of past and present. Since Your Majesty inherited the inheritance of Gaozu, why is there a Brother-Heir? Your Majesty, after a hundred years Can and his brothers will surely be without offspring. It is prudent, Your Majesty, to deeply consider it.

Cong likewise trusted her, and said:

It is so, I will take note.

The Empress said:

When affairs are delayed, mischance is born. When the Brother-Heir sees Can and his brothers join in greatness, surely he will have aspirations of uneasiness. Perhaps there are mean persons driving wedges between their midsts, it is not certain there will not be calamity issuing out from today. Your Handmaid has often heard Your Majesty discuss the public affairs of Yin of Lu. [I] only ask if they resemble each other, [I am] humbly cold in my heart for Your Majesty.

Cong was deeply into her words, and hence the plans they plotted with each other emerged.

Ai's mother's brother, the Brilliantly Blessed Grandee Shan Chong, wept and spoke to Ai, saying:

The distant does not come between the close. The Ruler and Sovereign is thinking of the King of Henei. How can Your Highness not avoid it!

Ai said:

At the end of Herui era [309 – 310], the Ruler and Sovereign himself pondered the division of legal wife, and used the great rank to yield to Ai. Since the Ruler and Sovereign's teeth are long, for those reasons we pushed forward and served each other. Under Heaven is Gaozu's Under Heaven. When the older brother ends, the younger brother succeeds. How can it not be so!

Can and his brothers have become strong even today. Moreover, the distance between sons and younger brothers, is it really from close to distant? The Ruler and Sovereign, how could he have this idea!

#liu cong

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bookofjin · 7 years

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Biography of Sima Lun, King of Zhao, Part 1

[From JS059. The Third King. Also the Worst King.]

The King of Zhao, Lun, courtesy name Ziyi, was Emperor Xuan's ninth son, his mother was named Lady Bai. At the beginning of Wei's Jiaping [249 – 253] he was enfeoffed Marquis of Marquis of Anle village [in 250 according to JS001]. When the Five Ranks were established, changed his fief to Viscount of Dong'an, he was designated Remonstrating and Consulting Grandee.

When Emperor Wu received the abdication, he was enfeoffed King of Langye commandery. He was incriminated in sending the Cavalier Commander Liu Ji to pay labourers wanting to rob imperial furs [?]. The Commandant of Justice Du You judged Ji to be dumped in the market and that Lun must have the same crime as Ji.

Had the ministers memorialise on since Lun feudal rank's being weighty and belonging to close relatives, he could not be incriminated. The Remonstrating and Consulting Grandee Liu Yi [JS045] refuted, saying: “The kingly laws reward and punish, they are not partial to the worthy or worthless. Afterwards we could thereby uniform the ritual system and clarify the canons of punishment. Lun knew the furs were not ordinary, he hid them and did not speak to the magistrates. He hand Ji have the same crime. Undertaking due to him being a a honoured relative to discus diminish, [I] can not set aside my doubts and not discuss it. [?] We ought at this one instance in the middle of the law go with the judgement of You.” The Emperor at this resolute refutation, affirmed that due to Lun being a relative and for personal reasons [?], sent down a decree to pardon him.

When he went to his state, he acted as Commander of the Palace Gentlemen of the East and General who Proclaims Power. In the middle of Xianning [275 – 280], changed his fief to Zhao, and he was moved to General who Pacifies the North and Controller of the Defences of Ye City, then advanced to General who Calms the North.

At the beginning of Yuankang [291 – 299], he was moved to General who Conquers the West, Opening Office with the Same Ceremonies as the Three Ministers, headquartered at Guanzhong. Lun in punishing and rewarding neglected the middle way, the Di and the Qiang turned to rebellion, and he was summoned and returned to the capital city.

He amassed to be designated General of Chariots and Cavalry and Grand Tutor to the Heir-Apparent. He associated much with Jia and Guo, and flattered in the affairs of the central palace. He greatly had Empress Jia's personal trust. He aspired to Record [the Affairs] of the Masters of Writing. Zhang Hua [JS036] and Pei Wei [JS035] firmly held fast it could not be done. He again aspired to Prefect of the Masters of Writing. Hua and Wei again did not allow it.

When the Heir-Apparent Minhuai was deposed, made Lun to act as General of the Right Army. At the time the Controller of the Marshals of the Guards of the Left, Sima Ya, and the Controller of the Regular Companions, Xu Chao, both once had served in the Eastern Palace. The two men were troubled over the Heir-Apparent being without guilt. They and the Palace Gentleman of the Central Hall, Shi Yi, and others plotted to depose Empress Jia and restore the Heir-Apparent. Due to Hua and Wei not being able to move, they had difficulties with the plan in the balance [?]. Lun held the necessary troops, was by nature greedy and reckless, and could be put to use to thereby aid the affair.

They therefore told Lun's favourite, Sun Xiu, saying: “The Central Palace [i.e. the Empress] is murderous and jealous, and without the Way. [She] and Jia Mi [JS040] and others together deposed the Heir-Apparent. Now the state is without a legal successor, the altars of soil and grain are about to be in danger, the great subjects are about to [?] rise up a great affair [i.e. rebellion]. Yet His Excellency is famous for attending to and serving the Central Palace. He, Jia and Guo are good friends. The deposition of the Heir-Apparent, all speaks with anticipation and expectation, in a single morning the affair will start, misfortune will surely reach each other. How can we not first plan for it?” Xiu promised and assented, and talked to Lun. Lun accepted it.

Thereupon [he?] announced and communicate Zhang Lin and the Officer of Scrutiny Zhang Heng, the Attendant Imperial Clerk of the Central Hall Yin Hun, and the Guard of the Right, Sima Ya, the road was started, causing there to be obedience within [?].

The affair was about to begin, yet Xiu knew the Heir-Apparent was intelligent and bright, if he returned to the Eastern Palace, he would want to chart government affairs with virtuous people. [Xiu] estimated he himself would surely not be able to obtain his aspirations. He therefore once more told Lun, saying: “The Heir-Apparent as a person is rigid and stern, and will not allow secret requests. Your Enlightened Excellency habitually serves Empress Jia, In the discussions of the times, all consider Your Excellency to be of the Jia clan's faction. Now, although you desire to establish great merit with the Heir-Apparent, the Heir-Apparent is stifling a long-held anger, and will surely not add rewards to the Enlightened Duke. Undertaking to speak of pressuring the expectations of the hundred families, flipping and turning over you will thereby be pardoned from crimes, and that is all. [?] This therefore is the means of quick misfortune. Now, however by delaying their affair, Empress Jia will surely murder the Heir-Apparent. Afterwards we can depose the Empress and have it announced [posthumously] to the Heir-Apparent, both sufficient to thereby establish merit. [This is] how to just avoid misfortune and that is all.”

Lun followed it. Xiu therefore made a small leak of their plan, and caused [Jia] Mi's faction to somewhat hear of it. Lun and Xiu because of that recommended Mi and others to soon murder the Heir-Apparent, thereby cutting of the multitudes' expectations.

With the Heir-Apparent being murdered, Lun and Xiu's schemes profited considerably. Yet Chao and Ya feared later difficulties, and desired to repent for their scheme, therefore claimed illness. Xiu again informed the Controller of the Sharpshooter Guards of the Right, Lü He. He followed him. At the 4th Month, the 3rd Day [7 May 300], the third night-watch [2300 – 0100], the first tally, he was to use [a?] drum strike as reply [?].

At the appointed time, they therefore falsely decreed a counsel to the Marshals of the Three Sections, saying: “The Central Palace, together with Jia Mi and others, killed our Heir-Apparent. Now make the [General of] Chariots and Cavalry enter and depose the Central Palace. You all must follow the instructions, and will be bestowed feudal rank of Marquis Within the Passes. Do not follow and be executed with your three kin.” And so the multitudes all followed it.

Lun also falsely decreed to open the gates at night for entering, deploying troops on the road south [?]. He dispatched the Colonel of the Supporting Army, the King of Qi, Jiong, to command a hundred people of the Marshals of the Three Sections, they lined up at the gallery and entered. The Prefect of the Flowery Forest, Luo Xiu, made a reply from inside. They greeted the Emperor favouring the Eastern Hall.

Thereupon they deposed Empress Jia to be a commoner, and secluded her in the Founding the Beginning Hall. They gathered the Grand Consort of Wu, Zhao Can, and Han Shou's wife Jia Wu and others, and delivered them to the Drying Room for thorough examination [?]. They decreed the Masters of Writing, due to the affair of deposing the Empress, to carry on arresting Jia Mi and others, and summoned the Overseer of the Palace Writers, the Palace Attendants, Attendant Gentlemen of the Yellow Gates and the Eight Seats, all at night to enter the hall. They apprehended Zhang Hua, Pei Wei, Jie Jie [JS060], Du Bin and others, and killed them in front of the hall.

The Masters of Writing started to suspect the decree was a forgery. The Gentleman Shi Jing on an open tablet memorialised requesting to hand over [?] the decree. Lun and others used it as dispiriting [?] the multitudes, and beheaded him for his quick wits [?].

Next day, Lun sat at the main gate, garrisoned troops facing north, and dispatched the Master of Writing He Yu, Holding the Tally, to send off the Commoner Jia to Jinyong [the “Metal Walled” fortress]. He executed Zhao Can's junior uncle, the Army-Protector of the Centre, Zhao Jun and the Cavalier Attendant Gentleman, Han Yu, and others. Inside and outside, of the crowd of officials, many were demoted and dismissed.

Lun made use of a false decree to make himself Envoy Holding the Tally, Great Commander-in-Chief of All Army Affairs in the Centre and Outside and Chancellor of State; Palace Attendant and King like before, alone relying on Xuan and Wen assisting Wei in former affairs, setting up Senior Clerks of Left and Right, Marshal, 4 Assistant Officer Palace Gentlemen, 19 Adjutants, 20 staff officers and 10 000 troops.

He used his Heir Cavalier in Regular Attendance, Kua, to act as Supervisor of the Extra Retune; his son Fu as General of the Van, enfeoffed as King of Jiyang; Qian as Gentlemen of the Yellow Gates, enfeoffed as King of Ruyin; Yu as Cavalier Attendant Gentleman, enfeoffed as Marquis of Bacheng. Sun Xiu and others were enfeoffed all with great commanderies, taking possession of troops and authority. The civil and military officials enfeoffed as Marquises were several thousand people. The hundred officials pulled themselves together [?] and listened to Lun.

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