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textilegarments · 8 months

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Study On Bleaching Process of Cotton Fabric

Bleaching Process in Textile Engineering:

Bleaching process is designed to produce white fabrics and must be accomplished with a minimal damage to the bleached cotton fabric. Bleaching is an oxidation process by which color material is destroyed and cotton is invariably destroyed. In case of Oxidative bleaching, Sodium hypochlorite, bleaching powder and sodium chlorite are very good bleaching agent. For Non-oxidative bleaching agent, Hydrozen per oxide, sodium pur sulphate, sodium per carbonate, Sodium perborate and peracetic acid are very good bleaching agent in textile engineering.

Objectives of Bleaching Process;

1) To ensure high degree of whiteness for white goods

2) To ensure even and stable white for dyed goods

3) To ensure no or only tendering of the fiber

4) To increase absorbency of the fabric for the next process

5) Complete removal of cotton seeds and motes

Recipe Required for Bleaching Process:

· Sequestering Agent- 1cc/L

· H2O2- 15% (Weight of Fabric)

· Sodium Silicate- 1/3 of H2O2

· NaOH- 3gm/L

· Na2CO3- 5gm/L

· PH- 11

· Temperature – Boiling

· Time – 30 minutes

· M:L – 1:80

Function of Used Chemicals in Bleaching Process:

1) Sequestering Agent is used to remove hardness from water

2) Sodium Silicate- It is a stabilizer which is used to reduce the damage of the fiber

3) NaOH and Na2CO3 is used to hold the PH at 11

4) H2O2 – Increase the whiteness of the fabric

Working Procedure of Bleaching Process:

After measuring the weight of scouring fabric, we again take water 80 times greater than its fabric weight. Then the mixer is transferred into an aluminium vessel. After that, there is added specific amount of Sodium Silicate, Sodium Carbonate, Sodium Hydroxide and carry it to the heater for giving heat. When the temperature of mixer is arised to 60C, Hydrozen Per Oxide is introduced with it and kept it above heater until boiling 30 minutes. At last, the mixer taken to the dryer for drying 3-4 minutes. From the weight of scoured and bleached fabric , we find out the amount of bleaching for dyeing in textile engineering.

Calculation of Bleaching Process in textile engineering:

Fabric Weight = 5.66gm

Weight of Water = 80*5.66

=452.8 mL

Sequestering Agent= 452.8/1000

=0.4528mL

Hydrozen Per Oxide= 15/100*5.66

= 0.849 gm

Sodium Silicate = 1/3*0.849

= 0.283 gm

Sodium Hydroxide = 3/1000*452.8

= 1.3584 gm

Sodium Carbonate= 5/1000*452.8

= 2.264 gm

Amount of Bleaching= 5.66-5.22/5.66 *100%

=7.7 %

Results of Bleaching Process:

Amount of Bleaching Percentage = 7.7 %

Recommendation for Bleaching Process:

· During measuring the weight of fabric, the value of electric balance must be remain zero

· Amount of Specific chemical must be taken carefully

· Hand Gloves need to wear during taken the chemical

· Hydrozen Per Oxide should be added after it raised upto 60 degree temperature

· The mixer must be boiling for 30 minutes

· We should be used aluminium vessel for the mixer

· Fabric should be remain into the dryer max (3-4) min

Bleaching Process in Textile PPT (Precision Processes Textiles):

The aim of bleaching is to remove any unwanted color from the fibers. This may be the grey or yellow tinge of a natural fiber. It may be a consequence of discoloration from the manufacturing process. If bleaching is essential if high-quality white goods are being produced. The bleaching process also eliminates impurities remaining from the previous process and improves the absorbency for fabric dyeing and printing. Bleaching agents are usually oxidizing agents. The most common bleaching agent is a stabilized alkaline solution of H2O2. This is a powerful oxidizing agent that destroys the natural coloring matters present in cotton. Any residue of starch in the cotton is rapidly oxidized by the hydrogen peroxide used in bleaching. So that the peroxide is less effective in destroying undesirable colored impurities. In addition, residual starch can also reduce some dyes during dyeing, particularly under alkaline conditions, resulting in reduced color depth.Hydrogen Per Oxide has largely replaced the solution of sodium hypochlorite as a bleaching agent. As the latter chemical requires careful PH and temperature control during bleaching to avoid oxidizing the cotton. Hydrogen peroxide has other advantages such as alkali boiling and bleaching can be combined into one process, and continuous operation is relatively easy. Washing of bleached fabric is less critical as traces of residual peroxide are less damaging than those of chlorine from sodium hypochlorite. Again, both alkali boiling and bleaching remove unwanted contaminants from cotton material. As a result, waste liquors and large volumes of washing water produce a dilute effluent.Bleaching must be distinguished from the destruction of the color of a dyed fabric, which may be necessary if it must be redyed.

#dyeing #bleaching #textiles

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mitivy · 1 year

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CAS 121-72-2 N,N-Dimethyl-m-toluidine Manufacturer/High quality/Best price/In stock have REACH Certification

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hakesbros · 1 year

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San Antonio Actual Estate Discover Homes & Homes For Sale In San Antonio, Tx

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mcguireallen · 1 year

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Proteomic Review involving Low-Birth-Weight Nephropathy inside Rodents.

People dialkyl replaced thieno teams not only increased the particular solubility from the polymer-bonded but additionally supplied extra conjugation in the 2nd sizing. The newest monomer (NDFT) was placed on your activity with the conjugated polymer bonded (PNDFT-DTBT). The solar qualities of the polymer had been assessed large quantities hetero-junction polymer solar cell devices together with PC61BM as acceptors beneath AM 1.5G lights in Hundred mW cm (Only two). The product showed a circuit current (V-oc) associated with 2.Fifth 89 /, any load factor (FF) involving 3.48, a short-circuit latest thickness (L(sc)) regarding 8-10.Twenty one mum cm(-2), along with a strength alteration productivity (PCE) involving 5.22%.This study scaled like our formerly produced double-layered enterohepatic co-culture method, consisting of nontumorigenic porcine digestive tract epithelial mobile range (IPEC-J2) and primary culture regarding porcine hepatocytes. Your anti-inflammatory effect of spent tradition supernatant associated with Lactobacillus plantarum 2142 (Lp2142; Tough luck.3%) and sea n-butyrate (2 mM) was analyzed about IPEC-J2 and hepatocyte monocultures and also on the gut-liver co-culture. To mimic inflammation, lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 as well as Ten mu g/mL) ended up being utilized. Production of IL-8 and also IL-6 had been tested like a marker of -inflammatory replies. The paracellular leaks in the structure of the colon epithelium was also checked simply by fluoresceinisothiocyanate-labeled dextran Several assay. Significant enhance associated with IL-8 focus has been observed in the IPEC-J2 monoculture (S smaller than 2.09) as the level of IL-6 had not been altered following LPS therapy. Energy IL-8 along with IL-6 was expanded considerably in hepatocyte monocultures (R smaller as compared to 0.05 as well as R smaller as compared to 3.001) plus in the co-culture right after 12 mu g/mL LPS therapy (R smaller when compared with Zero.001 along with G smaller than 2.001). One particular microgram for each milliliter LPS brought on increased IL-8 stage inside the co-culture (S smaller as compared to 3.001) and in the actual hepatocyte monoculture (P smaller compared to Zero.01), while it triggered greater IL-6 amount simply inside the hepatocytes (P smaller when compared with Zero.001). Production of IL-8 ended up being substantially reduced through butyrate in case of 1 mu g/mL along with 15 mu g/mL LPS direct exposure from the co-culture (G smaller compared to Zero.001). Use of butyrate additionally reduced IL-6 amount within the co-culture right after 10 mu g/mL LPS treatment (P smaller than 3.09). Lactobacillus plantarum 2142 lowered IL-8 stage after incubation together with 1 mu g/mL LPS (S smaller when compared with 3.001), while in the event of Ten mu g/mL LPS therapy simply a minor cutting down within IL-8 (S Is equal to 2.064) relieve has been calculated. The particular IL-6 focus ended up being drastically reduced (P smaller than Zero.09 in case of 1 mu g/mL LPS treatment method) by Lp2142 in the co-culture. Contrarily, the raised IL-8 and also IL-6 a higher level hepatocytes is not decreased in the event of both butyrate or Lp2142 add-on. The enterohepatic co-culture design provides a likelihood pertaining to quick as well as trustworthy testing of latest learn more applicants in opposition to enteric infection, which are involving special desire for porcine remedies as well as wellbeing management. According to each of our final results, Lp2142 along with butyrate equally are powerful because anti-inflammatory brokers in LPS-triggered inflammatory response, analyzed within the gut-liver co-culture style.

#SAHA #Regorafenib #Lorlatinib #Fulvestrant #Tofacitinib #Iron sucrose #B02

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lupinepublishers · 5 years

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Lupine Publishers | Left Ventricular Suction in Right Ventricular Dysfunction

Lupine Publishers | Cardiovascular Research

Abstract

Introduction and Objective: Recent research has determined that the “cardiac suction” phase occurs between systole and diastole. The aim of this work was to analyze the suction capacity of the left ventricle after excluding the right ventricle through an atriopulmonary bridge.

Methods: An atriopulmonary bridge was performed on six dogs, followed by right coronary artery occlusion to generate right ventricular dysfunction. Cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), systolic index (SI), left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI), right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI), systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were evaluated using a Swan Ganz catheter. Recordings were acquired at baseline before any procedure, 60 minutes after right coronary occlusion with the atriopulmonary bridge connection closed and 60 minutes after opening the atriopulmonary connection. At the end of the experiment, coronary angiography and histological examination were performed to verify the right coronary occlusion.

Results: Sixty minutes of coronary occlusion produced decreased CO (3.43 to 2.25 l/min), CI (5.22 to 3.39 l/m2), SI (41.5 to 20.8 ml/beat/m2), LVSWI (53.3 to 14.4 g × m/beat/m2), and RVSWI (1.61 to -1.97 g × m/beat/m2). When the atriopulmonary bridge was opened, CO increased to 3.39 l/min (p< 0.05), CI to 4.95 l/m2 (p< 0.05), SI to 45.1 ml/beat/m< sup>2 (p< 0.05), LVSWI to 40.8 g × m/beat/ m2 (p< 0.05) and RVSWI to 1.57 g × m/beat/m2 (p< 0.05), and right atrial pressure decreased from 10.6 to 3 mmHg (p< 0.05) and PVR from 109 to 48.9 dyn/s/cm-5 (ns).

Conclusion: As demonstrated by means of an atriopulmonary bridge, right ventricular dysfunction experimentally induced by ischemia is compensated by a left ventricular suction mechanism, restoring normal circulatory parameters.

Keywords: Ventricular suction; Atriopulmonary Bridge; Fontan; right ventricular exclusion; isovolumic diastolic phase.

Abbreviations: CI: Cardiac index; SI: Systolic index; LVSWI: Left ventricular stroke work index; RVSWI: Right ventricular stroke work index; SVR: Systemic vascular resistance; PVR: Pulmonary vascular resistance

Introduction

Recent studies have demonstrated an active suction phase between systole and diastole [1-4], with muscle contraction, energy expenditure and decreased intraventricular pressure. This active suction generates a gradient between peripheral and ventricular pressures, allowing blood flow into the heart [5-10]. Circulation is a dynamic process in which the heart, the vascular system and resistances modify their properties adapting according to the circulatory needs. From the point of view of blood oxygenation (though not histologically), we consider the systemic venous system, the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery as belonging to the venous system, while the pulmonary veins, the left ventricle and the arteries make up the arterial system. The systemic and pulmonary capillaries connect both systems, assuming that the filling pressures are similar in both sides (venous and arterial). Central venous pressure and pulmonary capillary pressure are comparable, the latter being the load the venous system offers to the left ventricle. The small difference between peripheral and heart pressure needs a suction energy in the left ventricle to generate intraventricular depression.

Although both ventricles manage similar volumes, their pressures are different. The left ventricular suction energy explains right ventricular filling. In the present study, we experimentally performed an atrioventricular bridge and generated right ventricular dysfunction, leaving the left ventricle as the only contractile component. In these conditions of right ventricular dysfunction, we analyzed whether the atriopulmonary bridge connection improved the hemodynamic conditions based on the left ventricular suction mechanism.

Materials and Method

The present study was conducted at Universidad de Avellaneda in Buenos Aires (Argentina), after approval by the institutional Ethics Committee. Six adult mongrel dogs slated for euthanasia, with mean weight of 17 kg and 0.72 m2 (range 0.56-0.96) body surface area, were used in the study. The experiments were performed under “Arrive” regulations and according to the United Kingdom 1996 Act on scientific procedures on animals, the EU Directive 2010/63/EU for experimental animals and the “National Institutes of Health” guide for the care and use of laboratory animals (NIH Publication No. 8023, updated in 1978). The animals were sedated with ketamine (10mg/kg) and femoral artery and vein cannulation was performed for fluid infusion and arterial and central venous pressure monitoring. Ventilation was controlled with intermittent positive pressure using a Taka-Vent 550 respirator with 100% oxygen, airway flow of 9 l/min and positive pressure of 11 cm H2O. Anesthesia was maintained with 0.5-2% enflurane and fentanyl (5 mg/kg).

Surgical Protocol

Heparin (1 mg/kg) was administered after median sternotomy and pericardiectomy. The atriopulmonary bridge connection was performed between the right atrial appendage and the pulmonary artery (through partial clamping) with an 8 mm diameter woven conduit. A Swan-Ganz catheter was inserted into the pulmonary artery, connected to a transducer and two recording channels, and a second catheter was placed in the right atrium. Cardiac output was assessed using the thermodilution technique.

Variables Recorded: Right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate and cardiac output were recorded.

Calculations and formulas:

Cardiac index (CI): cardiac output/body surface area=l/min/m2

Systolic index (SI): CI/heart rate=ml/beat/m2

Left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI): (mean arterial pressure-pulmonary capillary pressure) × SI × 0.0136=g × m/ beat/m2

Right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI): (pulmonary arterial pressure-right atrial pressure) × SI × 0.0136=g × m/ beat/m2

Systemic vascular resistance (SVR): (pulmonary arterial pressure-right atrial pressure)/cardiac output × 80=dyn/s/ cm-5

Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR): (pulmonary arterial pressure- pulmonary capillary pressure/cardiac output × 80=dyn/s/cm-5

Measurements were taken at baseline before any procedure. Following right coronary occlusion by ligation at its origin, volume overload with saline was achieved to a threefold increase of right atrial pressure. After 60-minute ischemia, the atriopulmonary bridge was opened and kept patent during another 60 minutes. Hematocrit, pH, pO2 and pCO2 were controlled at all times. The experiment was concluded after 120 minute-ischemia and the hearts were explanted. A coronary angiography was performed to verify the right coronary artery occlusion, and tissue samples were taken and fixed in 10% formalin for histological analysis. The right ventricle was sectioned, taking samples at different heights of the wall and additional samples near the left apex. Samples were processed in an autothecnicon tissue processor and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) for glycogen and basic fuchsin dye for necrosis-ischemia.

Statistical Analysis

Analysis of variance for randomized block design, Tukey test for multiple comparisons and Friedman’s test for non-parametric and post-hoc comparisons were used to analyze the data. Differences with p<0.05 were considered as significant.

Results

Table 1 shows hemodynamic values at baseline, at 60 minutes of right coronary artery occlusion and at 60 minutes after atriopulmonary bridge connection. Both the right and left ventricles showed no changes in myofibrillar architecture, nucleus or transverse striation with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The PAS technique evidenced marked glycogen reduction in right ventricular sections, expressed as complete lack of magentacolored granules, almost throughout the entire wall thickness. Only a thin band of subepicardial parallel fibers and other isolated fibers in the papillary muscles presented scarce glycogen granules. Conversely, the left ventricle showed visible glycogen content. The almost massive loss of intracellular glycogen demonstrated by the PAS technique is due to the early change (first 30 minutes) observed in experimental animals with coronary occlusion.

Discussion

As confirmed by different studies, acute occlusion of the right coronary artery produces right ventricular dysfunction [11]. Table 1 reflects the decrease of RVSWI (1.61 to -1.97 g × m/beat/m2) and of cardiac output (3.43 to 2.25 l/min) following right coronary artery occlusion. The right ventricle expanded, increasing its atrial pressure and decreasing pulmonary capillary pressure. At autopsy, right ventricular dilation is frequent after its acute infarction. Moreover, PVR increased from 49.9 to 109 dyn/s/cm-5 and the SI decreased from 41.5 to 20.8 ml/beat/m2. The choice of 60 minutes between coronary occlusion and atriopulmonary bridge opening was not arbitrary. Previous works have established that a 40-minute period of regional ischemia produces irreversible ventricular injury [11]. In our case, histological analysis confirmed right ventricular ischemia. It was seen that the injured right ventricle was not able to behave as a simple conduit vessel, as volume overload worsened its distention and impaired the SI (Table 1). All the animals evidenced right ventricular damage, with contractile dysfunction and lack of synchronization between both ventricles. Our model eliminated the pericardial protective function, which in case of being intact would have attenuated right ventricular dilation secondary to ischemia.

Table 1: Hemodynamic values.

RCO: right coronary occlusion; RA-PA: right atrium-pulmonary artery bridge; RAP: right atrial pressure; PAP: pulmonary arterial pressure; PCP: pulmonary capillary pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure; HR: heart rate; CO: cardiac output; CI: cardiac index; LVSWI: left ventricular stroke work index; RVSWI: right ventricular stroke work index; SVR: systemic vascular resistance; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; SI: systolic index.

In view of the expected post-ischemic right ventricular dilation (worsening after increasing preload) we applied Fontan´s principle: right atrial connection to the pulmonary artery, avoiding the dysfunctional right ventricle [12]. We sought to increase left ventricular preload and relieve right ventricular distention. Right ventricular ischemia reduced cardiac output to 65% and LVSWI to 27% their baseline values. Opening of the atriopulmonary bridge connection after 60-minute ischemia produced hemodynamic recovery by unloading the right atrium into the pulmonary artery. Cardiac output improved to 95% its baseline value, recovering to 3.29 l/min (p<0.05), SI to 45.1 ml/beat/m2 (p<0.05), LVSWI to 40.8 g × m/beat/m2 (p<0.05) and RVSWI to 1.57 g × m/beat/m2 (p<0.05). Also, right ventricular pressure decreased from 10.16 to 3 mmHg (p<0.05) and PVR from 109 to 48.9 dyn/s/cm-5 (ns). The new scenario that emerges after opening the atriopulmonary bridge connection by eliminating the passage through the dysfunctional right ventricle, transfers the right circulatory mechanism exclusively to the left ventricular suction capacity. Our experimental model shows how the obstacle of a dysfunctional right ventricle can be overcome bypassing this chamber with an atriopulmonary bridge, with the sole prior condition of acceptable pulmonary resistances. Thus, the left ventricular suction mechanism acts as a cardiac flow engine.

The increase in SI was higher than expected, considering that the pressure difference between the right atrium and the pulmonary artery disappeared rapidly when the atriopulmonary bridge connection was opened. It is possible that reduced right preload conditions a slight improvement of the right ventricle by not worsening the ischemic effects, thus contributing to the increase in SI after a discrete functional recovery. This analysis is concurrent with previous investigations [1-5] where the isovolumic diastolic phase was studied as an active phenomenon generated by a myocardial contraction that tends to expand the left ventricular apex-base distance after the ejective phase, producing a suction effect similar to that of a “plunger”. A drop in intraventricular pressure is generated that, in turn, elicits ventricular suction. It is an active process during the isovolumic phase, which is erroneously considered as diastolic. When this pressure is sufficiently negative (-10 mmHg) and the left ventricle is elongated and “uncoiled”, the mitral valve opens with the ensuing rapid blood filling from the atrium. This suction phase between systole and diastole of the human cardiac cycle lasts between 100 and 120 ms with active muscle contraction and a drop of intraventricular pressure below zero, as shown by Tyberg [13] with balloon mitral valve occlusion in the dog. Fontan procedures, with atriopulmonary bypass that avoid the right ventricle, clinically show the efficiency of the left ventricular suction mechanism. Its validity is confirmed even before recent physio mechanical investigations. The same consideration should be applied to left circulatory mechanics, where blood is bypassed from the left ventricle into the aorta. It can be concluded that suction due to the elastic recoil of the helical ventricular structure is an active process. Myocardial contraction occurs during the left ventricular isovolumic phase. In cases of ventricular dilation, this suction mechanism (“plunger”) becomes more precarious. This concept may help to establish a new evaluation of heart failure and its clinical severity [14-16].

Conclusion

As demonstrated using an atriopulmonary bridge, right ventricular dysfunction produced experimentally by ischemia is compensated by a left ventricular suction mechanism, maintaining normal circulatory parameters

Appendix

Cardiac output (CO) is given by:

where E1: left ventricular energy; E2: right ventricular energy; R1: systemic vascular resistance; and R2: pulmonary vascular resistance.

E1/R1=E2/R2 shows the output energy and vascular resistance ratio between both circulatory systems; then:

With Q1= left ventricular flow potential; Q2= = right ventricular flow potential

Venous pressure is the same in both circulatory systems. If the right ventricle is withdrawn from the circuit (E2=0), cardiac energy after surgery results as:

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lupine-publishers-acr · 4 years

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Lupine Publishers | Left Ventricular Suction in Right Ventricular Dysfunction

Lupine Publishers | Journal of Cardiology Research

Abstract

Keywords: Ventricular suction; Atriopulmonary Bridge; Fontan; right ventricular exclusion; isovolumic diastolic phase.

Introduction

Materials and Method

Surgical Protocol

Variables Recorded: Right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate and cardiac output were recorded.

Calculations and formulas:

Cardiac index (CI): cardiac output/body surface area=l/min/m2

Systolic index (SI): CI/heart rate=ml/beat/m2

Left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI): (mean arterial pressure-pulmonary capillary pressure) × SI × 0.0136=g × m/ beat/m2

Right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI): (pulmonary arterial pressure-right atrial pressure) × SI × 0.0136=g × m/ beat/m2

Systemic vascular resistance (SVR): (pulmonary arterial pressure-right atrial pressure)/cardiac output × 80=dyn/s/ cm-5

Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR): (pulmonary arterial pressure- pulmonary capillary pressure/cardiac output × 80=dyn/s/cm-5

Statistical Analysis

Results

Discussion

Table 1: Hemodynamic values.

Conclusion

Appendix

Cardiac output (CO) is given by:

where E1: left ventricular energy; E2: right ventricular energy; R1: systemic vascular resistance; and R2: pulmonary vascular resistance.

E1/R1=E2/R2 shows the output energy and vascular resistance ratio between both circulatory systems; then:

With Q1= left ventricular flow potential; Q2= = right ventricular flow potential

Venous pressure is the same in both circulatory systems. If the right ventricle is withdrawn from the circuit (E2=0), cardiac energy after surgery results as:

https://lupinepublishers.com/cardiology-journal/pdf/ACR.MS.ID.000127.pdf

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reflexoesbiblicas · 3 years

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BATISMO E SEUS SIGNIFICADOS

I) ETIMOLOGIA E SIGNIFICADO

O substantivo “batismo” é derivado de “baptõ” do grego, significa molhado (Jo 13.26), tingido (Ap 19.13). “Baptisma” consiste nos processos de imersão, efusão e aspersão. “Baptismos” é usado para mencionar à lavagem cerimonial de coisas (Hb 9.10). O verbo grego “baptizõ” pode ser traduzido por batizar, imergir, tingir, derramar, lavar (Lc 11.38).

No dicionário português: batismo = admissão solene em um grupo; adulteração de produtos puros, etc.

No dicionário bíblico: batismo é o ritual religioso, o qual normalmente utiliza-se de água sobre o iniciado, através de imersão, efusão ou aspersão.

II) BATISMO NOS RITUAIS RELIGIOSOS

BATISMO NO JUDAÍSMO:

Utilizado pelos judeus como lavagem cerimonial de pessoas e ou objetos, através da obediência e da fé (Lv 8.5-6, 35; Nm 19.1-9).

A lavagem cerimonial levítica não passava de rituais de purificação, elas se voltavam a coisas externas e não da impureza moral, não tinha relação direta com o abandono do pecado, do arrependimento e da salvação (Hb 9.1, 9-10).

Os profetas de Deus realizavam um batismo, “lavagem na água”, que curava as enfermidades (2Rs 5.1, 8-10, 14; Jo 5.2-4; 9.6-7, 11); tratava-se de um ritual conduzido pelo poder do Espírito de Deus.

BATISMO DE ARREPENDIMENTO:

Também chamado de batismo de João Batista; simbolizava o reconhecimento do pecado, seguido da vontade de abandona-lo, e com o propósito de encaminhar os judeus ao Messias prometido (Mc 1.4-8; Jo 1.29-31).

João Batista batizava com água para arrependimento, um símbolo exterior de uma mudança interior; a água era um cerimonial e não tinha nenhum efeito purificador; o batismo com água era externo e físico (At 19.1-5) e tinha o intuito de preparar os judeus, que demonstrassem arrependimento, para receberem um batismo superior, digno e poderoso, um batismo interno, espiritual e purificador (Mt 3.1-6, 11; Hb 1.3).

Os motivos dos judeus buscarem o batismo de João Batista, era devido as exortações deixadas pelos profetas de Deus; Israel sempre foi advertido a buscar a purificação, a qual era realizada pelo batismo cerimonial do lavar-se em água (Jo 3.22-27); paralelo ao batismo de arrependimento, João Batista anunciava um batismo superior, um de benção e outro de juízo e condenação (Mt 3.11; Ez 18.30-32; Is 1.16-20).

Aqueles que obedeciam ao chamado de João, confessavam seus pecados e reconheciam sua incapacidade de entrar no futuro Reino do Messias (Mc 1.14-15; Jo 3.5).

Obs.: O batismo de João Batista foi utilizado no período da transição, digo, no final da primeira aliança até o início da nova aliança.

BATISMO NAS ÁGUAS:

É um ritual simbólico na qual o homem dá testemunho de sua pecaminosidade, de seu arrependimento e de sua identificação com Cristo, na sua morte e na ressurreição (At 8.34-38; 22.12-16).

O batismo nas águas trata-se de uma cerimônia ministrada por homens e para homens, a qual por si só, não os capacita para entrarem no Reino de Deus (Jo 3.3, 7-8; At 8.9-23).

O batismo nas águas está relacionado ao batismo de João Batista; entretanto, não está condicionado a nacionalidade do iniciado; é um ritual que simboliza a remoção do pecado, a limpeza da imundície moral; simboliza a purificação no homem (Is 1.16; At 22.16); todavia, a purificação real é realizada pelo Batismo de Jesus Cristo, denominado por batismo com o Espírito Santo (Ez 36.25-27; Mc 1.4, 7-8; Ef 5.25-27; Tt 2.14; Hb 9.14; 1Jo 1.7).

Obs.: Este ritual, “batismo nas águas”, permanece com ênfase em todas as religiões, e na sua maioria é utilizado como forma de admissão solene do iniciado, segundo as doutrinas daquela denominação. Reflita: (Cl 2.8, 17, 20-23).

III) BATISMO DE JESUS CRISTO

BATISMO COM O ESPÍRITO SANTO:

É o batismo de Jesus Cristo, o qual é real e espiritual! (Mt 3.11). Não é ritualístico e nem simbólico; o recebemos quando desejamos o arrependimento e cremos no evangelho de Cristo; ele transforma o crente ainda pecador em filho de Deus (Gl 3.26-29; Ef 4.3-6).

O batismo com o Espírito Santo é o selo de Deus; nos garante a salvação (Ef 1.13-14) e nos transforma na Igreja de Jesus Cristo, onde nos tornamos membros de um único corpo, o qual Cristo é o cabeça (1Co 12.12-13, 27; Ef 4.15-16).

Ser batizado com o Espírito Santo é ser revestido do poder de Cristo (Lc 24.36, 49; At 1.8; Rm 13.13-14; Gl 3.27), é ser capacitado para conhecer os mistérios de Deus (Mt 13.11; 1Jo 2.20). Os frutos do Espírito, demonstrado no decorrer da vida do cristão, destaca a evidência do batismo com o Espírito Santo (Gl 5.22-25).

O batismo com o Espírito Santo (At 19.1-6), foi anunciado pelos profetas no velho testamento (Ez 36.25-27), e após o sacrifício de Cristo, o batismo se torna realidade a todos que creem no Evangelho de Jesus, independentemente de qualquer ritual humano ou religioso (Jo 3.36; At 11.1-3, 11-18; 2Co 1.21-22; Ef 1.13; Cl 2.6-12).

BATISMO DE SANGUE:

O batismo de sangue simboliza o martírio em defesa da fé cristã. O sofrimento, a tortura, a pena de morte, são derramados sobre aqueles que recebem o batismo de sangue.

Jesus Cristo recebeu um batismo de sangue de caráter substitutivo (Lc 12.49-50), e seus apóstolos também o experimentaram, porém não de caráter substitutivo, mas em comunhão aos sofrimentos do Mestre e em defesa da fé (Mc 10.35-40).

BATISMO COM FOGO:

Trata-se de um batismo que ocorrerá no futuro, no fim dos tempos e após a ressurreição dos mortos, onde todos os seres humanos passarão pelo fogo do Senhor; todavia, o fogo proporcionará resultados diferenciados entre descrentes e crentes (Dn 12.2; 2Ts 1.6-10):

O batismo com fogo, será um batismo de julgamento e destruição dos descrentes (Ml 4.1; Mt 3.7, 10-12; Am 5.6; Jo 3.36; Hb 6.7-8). A conduta pecaminosa do homem e a ausência do arrependimento tem por consequência a ira de Deus (Ez 36.16-18; 2Pe 3.7, 9; Hb 10.26-27) e o batismo com fogo, recairá a todos aqueles que não creram em Jesus Cristo (2Ts 1.8-10), será uma fatalidade aos descrentes no dia do Juízo Final (Ap 20.9, 15).

O batismo com fogo, também será um batismo de purificação, todavia, destinado ao cristão. No Dia do Senhor, o Espirito de Deus provará a qualidade das obras de todos os salvos (1Co 3.11-15) e da fé de cada crente (1Pe 1.7), momento em que o Senhor limpará por completo todo pecado e impureza que ainda exista no cristão (Zc 13.8-9), transformando-o à imagem e semelhança de seu criador (1Co 15.42-44, 48-49).

IV) TIPOLOGIA BÍBLICA

“TIPOS”, ou figuras, é um correspondente de sentido simbólico utilizado no velho testamento (primeira aliança), os quais prefiguram uma realidade no novo testamento (nova aliança):

Os sacerdotes foram batizados com água, com óleo e com sangue (Lv 8. 5-6, 30).

O Rei Davi foi ungido com óleo e recebeu o Espírito Santo, “representa o batismo de Jesus” (1Sm 16.13).

Noé e os que foram salvos na arca, na época do diluvio, representam um batismo para salvação (1Pe 3.18-21).

A nação de Israel foi figurativamente batizada quando na travessia do mar vermelho e na peregrinação no deserto (1Co 10.1-2).

Rener Luz

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the-bluespirit · 11 months

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truer words have never been said.

#miraculous ladybug #mledit #adrien agreste #adrienette #marinette dupain-cheng #rose lavillant #alya cesaire #nino lahiffe #juleka couffaine #ivan bruel #mylene haprele #max kante #le chien kim #ml 5.22 #ml #gifs #*#ml spoilers

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earthquake-breaking-news · 3 years

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Minor earthquake: M3.3 quake has struck near Stanley in Idaho

Earthquake News on http://www.earthquakenewstoday.com/2020/11/27/minor-earthquake-m3-3-quake-has-struck-near-stanley-in-idaho-2/

Minor earthquake: M3.3 quake has struck near Stanley in Idaho

A minor earthquake magnitude 3.3 (ml/mb) has struck on Friday, 14 km NNW of Stanley, Idaho (9 miles) The temblor was picked up at 22:52:50/10:52 pm (UTC/GMT) at a depth of 5.22 km (3 miles). Did you hear creaking or other noises?

#Idaho #Stanley

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jhaselinmobiliariafan · 3 years

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👉Ocasión venta de terreno frente a parque de 308 m2 en Carabayllo.🔊 ‼️Precio USD 83,000 Dólares‼️ 📍Urb. Sol de Carabayllo 6ta Etapa de Los Portales. ✅Frente a parque con pergola por el pórtico de ingreso a la urbanización. ✅Linderos : Frente : 5.22 ml Derecha : 26.73 ml Izquierda : 23.74 ml Fondo : 19.51 ml ✅Zonificación RDM ✅Parámetros 5 PISOS ✅Ideal para Proyecto de vivienda, casa residencial. ✅Zona altamente residencial, tranquila frente a la Urb San Antonio de Carabayllo. ✅Cuenta con todos los servicios. ✅A 7 minutos del Ovalo de Puente de Piedra y Plaza Vea, Mercado de Huamantanga, a 3 minutos por el nuevo puente San Martín que cruza el río Chillón hacia Comas y Urb. Santo Domingo. 👉Ver video :🎞️ https://youtu.be/9_oQgfl2XwM #carabayllo #venta #departamento #inmobiliaria #bienesraices #realestate #asesorinmobiliario #realtor #propiedades #casas #inmuebles #inversion #vivienda #casa #hogar #casaenventa #departamentos #terrenos #asesorinmobiliario #agenteinmobiliario #realestate #inversion #vivienda #JhaselInmobiliaria https://www.instagram.com/p/CH2y3zKBiaK/?igshid=1vj3f4hzaphq6

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reviewsv · 5 years

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Top 10 Best Lashblast Mascaras for the Longest Eyelashes in 2019

Long eyelashes are beautiful, thick, and alluring. They allow us to indicate emotion, flirt and even hide our eyes if we want to. However, most of us are not born with long, thick eyelashes. We need a little help from the cosmetics counter.

Fortunately, when it comes to finding a mascara to lengthen and thicken your eyelashes, you have plenty of choices. A trip to any drug store or pharmacy reveals tons of low-end options, and department and specialty stores have all the luxury options you could possibly want.

The trick, of course, is choosing the right mascara for you. There are lots to choose from, and that’s why we’ve taken the time to check them out and choose the 10 we think are the best. Before we reveal our picks, though, let’s take a minute to review some of the key considerations to keep in mind before you buy.

What to Look for in a Lengthening Mascara

There are plenty of things to keep in mind when shopping for mascara. Here are a few of the most important:

The first thing to check out are the ingredients in the mascara you choose. Many cosmetics have an array of chemicals in them, and if you have any sensitivities or allergies, you’ll want to make sure that the product you choose is free of them. Some people also prefer natural or organic ingredients, so you can check that out too.

How much additional length will the mascara you choose provide? If you want just a little extra length, you might choose a different product than you would if you wanted dramatically long lashes.

Another consideration is whether you prefer regular or waterproof mascara. Waterproof mascara usually lasts all day, but you’ll also need to use an oil-based makeup remover to get it off. Regular mascara may be thinner and look more natural, but it will also run if you cry, sweat, or get caught in the rain.

Some people have a preference in terms of the brush style of their mascara. Curved, straight, and even triangular brushes are available, so chose the one that suits your preference.

If animal testing is a concern for you, then you’ll want to look for mascaras from a company that is cruelty-free and does not test on animals.

Many lengthening mascaras are black, but there are other colors available. If variety is important for you, you should look for a manufacturer that offers mascaras in a choice of colors.

Finally, you’ll need to consider the price of the mascara you choose. You’ll probably be using the product daily, so you want decent quality. However, most experts recommend that you ditch mascara after six months, so keep that in mind too.

Best Lashblast Mascaras for the Longest Eyelashes in 2019

# Preview Product Price 1

COVERGIRL LashBlast Volume Mascara Very Black 800, .44 oz $5.22 View on Amazon 2

COVERGIRL LashBlast Fusion Mascara Very Black 860, .44 oz (packaging may vary) $7.98 View on Amazon 3

COVERGIRL Clump Crusher Extensions LashBlast Mascara, 1 Tube (0.44 oz), Very Black Color, For Longer… $5.63 View on Amazon 4

COVERGIRL LashBlast Fusion Water Resistant Mascara Black 890.44 oz $8.29 View on Amazon 5

COVERGIRL, Clump Crusher by LashBlast Mascara, Black Brown 810, .44 oz, 1 Count (packaging may vary) $5.39 View on Amazon 6

COVERGIRL Clump Crusher Water Resistant LashBlast Mascara, 1 Tube (0.44 oz), Black Brown Color,… $6.05 View on Amazon 7

COVERGIRL Super Sizer by LashBlast Mascara Very Black .4 fl oz (12 ml) (Packaging may vary) $4.02 View on Amazon 8

COVERGIRL LashBlast Full Lash Bloom Mascara, Very Black 800, 0.44 Ounce (Packaging May Vary)… $5.17 View on Amazon 9

COVERGIRL Bombshell Volume by LashBlast Mascara Very Black .66 fl oz (20 ml) from $9.99 View on Amazon 10

CoverGirl Lashblast Mascara, Very Black 800, 0.44 – Ounce Packages (Pack of 3) $17.50 View on Amazon

Last update on 2019-08-08 / Affiliate links / Price / Images from Amazon Product Advertising API

Now that you know what to look for in a lengthening mascara, let’s take a look at our picks of the top 10 lengthening mascaras in 2019.

Table of Contents

10. Mineral Fusion Lengthening Mascara

The first pick on our list is Mineral Fusion Lengthening Mascara. Here are some of the reasons that this product makes our list.

It applies evenly and without clumping to make eyelashes look thick and full.

It’s gluten free, cruelty-free, paraben free, phthalate free, hypo-allergenic and free of artificial colors and fragrances.

Available in two colors, graphite, and rock.

There are a few potential negatives to consider here as well:

This product is not the cheapest mascara on the market if budget is a big concern.

The included brush is large and may not be ideal for people with thin or sparse lashes.

This mascara is not waterproof.

On the whole, we like this mascara for its natural formula and its effectiveness at lengthening lashes.

Check price on Amazon

9. COVERGIRL Clump Crusher Extensions LashBlast Mascara

The #9 pick on our list is the COVERGIRL Clump Crusher Extensions LashBlast Mascara. Here are a few of the reasons that we chose it for our list:

The fiber-stretch formula lengthens and thickens lashes at the same time.

This mascara is extremely affordable and within the reach of most budgets.

Dark black color enhances the look of your lashes.

Here are a few things that we think could be better about this particular mascara:

The applicator is stiff and you may have to apply several coats to see results.

While the brush prevents clumping, the mascara may flake a bit during the day.

This mascara claims to be water-resistant but is not waterproof.

This mascara made our list for its affordable price and anti-clumping formula, something many mascaras do not offer.

Check price on Amazon

8. Mascara Thickening & Lengthening Gel with 3D Fiber Lash Mascara

Coming in at #8 on our list is Mascara Thickening & Lengthening Gel with 3D Fiber Lash Mascara. This two-piece lash lengthening set makes our list for several reasons:

Provides instant lengthening and thickening of lashes in just minutes.

Made from safe, non-toxic ingredients.

The included gel sealer keeps the mascara on your lashes where it belongs.

Now let’s look at some of the potential downsides you should keep in mind:

The included brush for the thickening gel is skinny and some people may prefer a thicker brush.

The included fibers may get in your eyes if you don’t keep them closed for a minute or so after application.

This product is on the expensive side when compared to some drugstore mascaras.

The primary reason we like this product is that it delivers a luxury lash experience at a reasonably affordable price.

Check price on Amazon

7. It’s So Long Length Defining Black Mascara

Coming in at #7 on our list is the It’s So Long Length Defining Black Mascara. Here are just a few of the reasons that we picked it:

The unique, C-curve brush lifts and separates lashes to ensure that every lash gets coated.

This formula is cruelty-free and paraben free.

This mascara does not clump and stays on lashes all day long.

On the whole, we really love this mascara, but here are a few things to keep in mind:

While the included brush does a good job of coating lashes, it is a little flimsy and could be better made.

Make sure to keep the lid on tight or the mascara may dry out quickly.

While this mascara is not listed as waterproof, it does require the use of an oil-based makeup remover to get it off at the end of the day.

We really like this formula for its formula, which doesn’t irritate sensitive eyes and its effectiveness.

Check price on Amazon

6. Maybelline New York Define-A-Lash Lengthening Washable Mascara

Our #6 pick in this category is the Maybelline New York Define-A-Lash Lengthening Washable Mascara. Let’s take a look at some of the many reasons it makes our list of the best lengthening mascaras.

Flexible brush shapes itself to your lashes, delivering an even coat of mascara.

Lengthens lashes without making them appear unnatural – a great daytime mascara.

The formula has been tested by ophthalmologists and is good for sensitive eyes.

And now, here are some potential caveats to keep in mind before you buy this mascara:

The formula is not listed as waterproof but requires the use of an oil-based makeup remover.

If you’re looking for dramatic, nighttime lashes then this product is not for you.

This product is tested on animals, so if cruelty-free products are something you need then you should choose a different product.

On the whole, we love this formula because the brush really delivers, lifting and separating the lashes so there’s no clumping.

Check price on Amazon

5. Best 3D Fiber Lash Mascara by Simply Naked Beauty

Coming in at the #5 position on our list is this 3D Fiber Lash Mascara by Simply Naked Beauty. Here are some of the reasons we chose it:

The formula is waterproof and smudges proof, so it stays on all day long – until you decide to remove it.

This mascara is hypoallergenic and never tested on animals.

Comes with detailed application instructions from a makeup expert.

Here are a few things we think could be better about this product:

Although this product is hypoallergenic, some people may find that their eyes are irritated by the fibers.

The multiple steps required to apply this mascara may turn some people off.

This product is not as expensive as some luxury mascaras, but definitely more expensive than any drugstore mascara.

We really like this formula because it stays put on your eyelashes once you apply it.

Check price on Amazon

4. theBalm Mad Lash Mascara

Our #4 pick is theBalm Mad Lash Mascara. Here are just a few of the things we like about this lengthening mascara:

The injection-molded mascara want conforms to lashes and ensures that mascara goes on evenly.

This formula is both paraben free and cruelty-free.

The package has a cool retro look that you’ll want to show off.

Now, here are a few potential downsides to keeping in mind before you buy:

The full-size bottle is definitely larger than most mascaras and may be awkward to hold.

While the mascara is listed as water-resistant, it is not waterproof and may come off if it gets exposed to tears or water.

This product is a bit on the pricey side and may be too much for some people.

We really love this product for its cool packaging and effective brush, which is particularly good at coating those small lower lashes.

Check price on Amazon

3. L’Oreal Paris Double Extend Beauty Tubes Mascara

L’Oreal Paris is one of the biggest names in makeup, so it should come as no surprise that the L’Oreal Paris Double Extend Beauty Tubes Mascara comes in at #3 on our list. Here are some of the reasons we chose it:

Comes with a two-ended brush to apply the included base coat and top coat for great-looking lashes.

The nourishing formula is hypoallergenic and ophthalmologist tested, and it includes Ceramide R and D-Panthenol to strengthen and condition your eyelashes.

This is one of the more affordable mascaras on our list.

Here are a few things we think could be better:

While this mascara does a great job of lengthening lashes, it does very little to make them appear thicker – something that may matter for some people.

Because the brush is two-sided, each side is a bit stubby and some people may not like that.

This makeup is truly waterproof and requires some effort to remove.

On the whole, we like this product for its nourishing formula and its affordable price.

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2. Maybelline New York Lash Stiletto Ultimate Length Washable Mascara

The #2 pick on our list is our second product from Maybelline, another well-known name in cosmetics. Here are some of the things we like about this formula:

This mascara gives lashes length and shine, something that many mascaras can’t do.

Its hypoallergenic and ophthalmologist tested formula is safe for sensitive eyes.

This is an incredibly affordable product that delivers great results.

While we love most things about this product, here are a few potential issues to keep in mind:

This is a very light formula and some people may prefer a more dramatic look.

The wand is very long and takes some getting used to if you want to avoid getting mascara on your face.

This formula is not waterproof and may come off during the day.

The main reason we love this mascara is for the shine it imparts to lashes.

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1. Mia Adora 3D Fiber Lash Mascara

Finally, the top pick on our list is Mia Adora 3D Fiber Lash Mascara. There are lots of things we adore (pun intended) about this mascara, and here are just a few:

Includes two products, a gel and lengthening fibers, as well as a cool carrying case.

Waterproof and smudge-proof formula stays put all day long.

This product is hypoallergenic and never tested on animals.

We love almost everything about this product, but here are a few potential downsides to consider:

Because it’s waterproof, this mascara does require the use of an oil-based makeup remover.

The two-step process may not be ideal for some people.

This is one of the more expensive products on our list.

This product delivers great-looking, long lashes in a formula that’s safe for sensitive eyes.

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Conclusion

You want to have long, beautiful eyelashes, and the ten mascaras on this list can deliver. Whether you prefer waterproof mascara or regular, there’s something here for you!

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