a list of english words and their meanings because the gre verbal section is kicking my ass
abject: to the maximum degree;
(alternatively) completely without pride or dignity
absolve: wash away guilt, obligation, or punishment.
adroit: clever or skillful
apocryphal: of doubtful authenticity, although widely circulated as being true
apposition: the positioning of things side by side or close together
beholden: owing; being indebted or obligated (to someone)
belie: disguise; contradict; failing to give a true notion of something
bloviate: to talk pompously and at length
bucolic: relating to the pleasant aspects of the countryside and country life
circumscribe: to restrict within limits
clemency: mercy
cursory: hasty and therefore not thorough or detailed
derision: scornful ridicule or mockery
desiccate: to remove the moisture from (something)
didactic: intended primarily to teach rather than to entertain
dispensation: exemption from a rule or usual requirement
docile: compliant; obedient; submissive
egregious: outstandingly bad or shocking
emulate: match or surpass (a person or achievement), typically by imitation
entail: require; call for
entreaty: an earnest or humble request
ethos: the characteristic spirit of a culture, era, or community
foil: a person/thing that contrasts with (and as a result emphasizes) the qualities of another
garrulous: excessively talkative, especially on trivial matters
glib: fluent but insincere and shallow
gregarious: sociable; fond of company
hackneyed: overused and unoriginal
idyllic: extremely happy, peaceful or picturesque
imperil: endanger; put at risk of being harmed, injured, or destroyed.
implicate: show (someone) to be guilty or involved in a crime
incorrigible: (a person or habit) cannot be changed or reformed
inept: unskilled, incompetent
intrepid: fearless; adventurous (usually used in a humourous connotation)
irreconcilable: (of two ideas or statements) conflicting; contradictory to each other
jargon: special words or expressions used by a profession or group that are difficult for others to understand
libertine: someone (usually a man) who freely indulges in sensual pleasures without regard to moral principles
librettist: a person who writes the text of an opera or other long vocal works
logorrhea: excessive and often incoherent talkativeness or wordiness
loquacious: talkative
onerous: (of a task or responsibility) involving a great deal of effort, trouble, or difficulty; burdensome
ostentatious: characterized by pretentious or showy display; designed to impress
palpable: tangible; (an emotion or atmosphere) intense enough to be felt
pat: simplistic; superficial and unconvincing
patina: gloss or sheen (on the surface of a metal) due to age or polishing; impression or appearance of something
perfunctory: usually an action, carried out without real interest, feeling or effort
perusal: the action of reading or examining something; scrutiny
pervasive: something unwelcome spreading widely throughout an area or a group of people
philistine: hostile or indifferent to culture and the arts.
polemic: expressing or constituting a strongly critical attack on or controversial opinion about someone or something
poring: to be absorbed in reading or studying (something)
pragmatic: practical; realistic
profligate: extravagant or wasteful in the use of resources
pugnacity: readiness to quarrel or fight
ramification: complex or unwelcome consequence
reactionary: conservative; opposing political or social progress or reform
repudiation: refuse to accept; reject
reticent: reserved; introverted; withdrawn
reverence: deep respect for someone or something (used in religious connotation)
roiling: (for a liquid) to make turbid or to move in a turbulent manner
scant: barely sufficient or adequate
scrupulous: careful, thorough, and extremely attentive to details
skein: length of thread or yard, loosely coiled or knotted; strand; an element that forms part of a complex or complicated whole
skewer: fasten together or pierce with a pin or skewer; subject to sharp criticism or critical analysis
sporadic: scattered or isolated
spurious: bogus; something that is not what it claims to be
staid: solemn; grave; serious minded; quiet
subsume: absorb something into something else
sullen: bad-tempered and sulky
temerity: excessive confidence or boldness
tentative: not certain or fixed; unconfirmed; provisional
tout: attempt to sell or show the merit of something
trite: lacking originality or freshness
truculence: eager or quick to argue or fight
understate: describe or represent (something) as being smaller or less good or important than it really is
vignette: a short description or account of something that expresses its typical characteristics very clearly
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That viral video from last month of a giraffe pushing a tortoise was interesting to me because I saw it in French & Spanish corners of the internet and everyone was referring to the animals in the video as 'she' since giraffe & tortoise are feminine words, meanwhile on the English-speaking internet I saw a minority of people referring to them as 'it' or 'they', an overwhelming majority using masculine words, and almost no one use 'she'
Similarly romance language speakers humanised these animals using women's names while English speakers used men's names:
And of course it would have been different had the giraffe been an elephant (masculine word) but yeah I find it interesting that when it comes to personifying animals and things, speakers of gendered languages will go 50% masculine 50% feminine due to grammatical gender, while speakers of a non-gendered language with a neutral pronoun will go like 80% masculine 18% neutral 2% feminine.
It must feel weird to learn a gendered language and have to accept that a door is 'she', but it also feels weird to learn a non-gendered language like English and then scroll down hundreds of comments under an animal video and all the animals are 'he'. I'm reminded of a cartoon I saw on tumblr once with a speaking lightbulb, and all the comments referred to it as 'he' and a 'guy' (in french & spanish, people would call it she.) I wonder how it affects the way you frame the world in your mind? you ask a French kid to personify a spoon or a mouse or a raindrop, it's going to be a female character by default. I feel like that's something English speakers rarely consider—that compared to languages that are 'visibly', officially gendered in a 50/50 way, English is less neutral, and more masculine-gendered. When anglophones learn about grammatical gender they tend to react like "why is a chair a 'she' that's absurd?", but when the context calls for it they'll call a lightbulb 'he' without thinking about it
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