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linghxr · 3 years

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40 Pairs of Opposites in Chinese

I’ve been noticing a lot of antonyms in my studies recently, so I thought I’d put together a collection of antonym pairs that come up a lot for me or that I find particularly useful. As I’ve learned words that seem similar, like 严厉 and 严格, knowing antonym pairs has actually helped me distinguish these words.

Note: Some of these pairs are not “exclusive” because a single word can have multiple antonyms. For instance, I’ve also seen 开朗 as the opposite of 内向, but I chose 外向 for this post.

丑化 chǒuhuà to defame / to libel / to defile / to smear / to vilify 美化 měihuà to make more beautiful / to decorate / embellishment

个人 gèrén - individual / personal / oneself 集体 jítǐ - collective / social / team

乐观 lèguān - optimistic / hopeful 悲观 bēiguān - pessimistic

事实 shìshí - fact 谎言 huǎngyán - lie

仔细 zǐxì - careful / attentive / cautious 马虎 mǎhu - careless / sloppy / negligent / skimpy

以上 yǐshàng - that level or higher / that amount or more / the above-mentioned 以下 yǐxià - that level or lower / that amount or less / the following

优势 yōushì - superiority / dominance / advantage 劣势 lièshì - inferior / disadvantaged

优点 yōudiǎn - merit / benefit / strong point / advantage 缺点 quēdiǎn - weak point / fault / shortcoming / disadvantage

先进 xiānjìn - advanced (technology) / to advance 落后 luòhòu - to fall behind / to lag (in technology etc) / backward / to retrogress

全面 quánmiàn - all-around / comprehensive / total / overall 片面 piànmiàn - unilateral / one-sided

公开 gōngkāi - public / to publish / to make public 秘密 mìmì - secret

具体 jùtǐ concrete / definite / specific 抽象 chōuxiàng abstract / abstraction

内向 nèixiàng - reserved (personality) / introverted / (economics etc) domestic-oriented 外向 wàixiàng - extroverted (personality) / (economics etc) export-oriented

反对 fǎnduì - to fight against / to oppose / to be opposed to / opposition 赞成 zànchéng - to approve / to endorse / (literary) to assist

古老 gǔlǎo - ancient / old / age-old 现代 xiàndài - modern times / modern age / modern era

否定 fǒudìng - to negate / to deny / to reject / negative (answer) / negation 肯定 kěndìng - to be sure / to be certain / sure / certain / definite / to confirm / to affirm / affirmative / to approve / approval / recognition

否认 fǒurèn - to declare to be untrue / to deny 承认 chéngrèn - to admit / to concede / to recognize / recognition (diplomatic, artistic etc) / to acknowledge

失败 shībài - to be defeated / to lose / to fail (e.g. experiments) / failure / defeat 胜利 shènglì - victory

好处 hǎochu - benefit / advantage / gain / profit 坏处 huàichu - harm / troubles

客观 kèguān - objective / impartial 主观 zhǔguān - subjective

宽容 kuānróng - lenient / tolerant / indulgent / charitable / to forgive 严格 yángé - strict / stringent / tight / rigorous

富裕 fùyù - prosperous / well-to-do / well-off 贫穷 pínqióng - poor / impoverished

忽视 hūshì - to neglect / to ignore 重视 zhòngshì - to attach importance to sth / to value

怀疑 huáiyí - to doubt / to suspect / doubt / suspicion / skeptical 相信 xiāngxìn - to be convinced (that sth is true) / to believe / to accept sth as true

慎重 shènzhòng - cautious / careful / prudent 随便 suíbiàn - as one wishes / as one pleases / at random / negligent / casual / wanton

正常 zhèngcháng - regular / normal / ordinary 异常 yìcháng - exceptional / abnormal / an anomaly

正确 zhèngquè - correct / proper 错误 cuòwù - error / mistake / mistaken / false / wrong

清醒 qīngxǐng - clear-headed / sober / awake 糊涂 hútu - muddled / silly / confused

温和 wēnhé - mild / gentle / moderate 严厉 yánlì - severe / strict

特殊 tèshū - special / particular / unusual / extraordinary 普通 pǔtōng - common / ordinary / general / average

犹豫 yóuyù - to hesitate 坚定 jiāndìng - firm / steady / staunch / resolute

理解 lǐjiě - to comprehend / to understand / comprehension / understanding 误解 wùjiě - to misunderstand / to misread / misunderstanding

生存 shēngcún - to exist / to survive 死亡 sǐwáng - to die / death

简单 jiǎndān - simple / not complicated 复杂 fùzá - complicated / complex

统一 tǒngyī - to unify / to unite / to integrate 分裂 fēnliè - to split up / to divide / to break up / fission / schism

节约 jiéyuē - to economize / to conserve (resources) / economy / frugal 浪费 làngfèi - to waste / to squander

虚拟 xūnǐ - to imagine / to make up / fictitious / theoretical / hypothetical / (computing) to emulate / virtual 真实 zhēnshí - true / real

进步 jìnbù - progress / improvement / to improve / to progress 退步 tuìbù - to do less well than before / to make a concession / setback / backward step / leeway / room to maneuver / fallback

长期 chángqī - long term / long time / long range (of a forecast) 短期 duǎnqī - short term / short-term

陌生 mòshēng - strange / unfamiliar 熟悉 shúxī - to be familiar with / to know well

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sugar-petals · 5 years

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This might be weird but can you kibbe type people based on silhouette? I'm not sure about my type and could use some help

Nooo this ask is perfect 😊 The answer is yes! Silhouette is a big deal for Kibbe body typing. You can get an idea how the garments that suit the person will look like. Lots of input with examples ahead. 👋 (Intro to Kibbe icymi: see here.)

Ok, let’s take RM. His outline is tall, broad. A Flamboyant Natural silhouette. Same goes for women of this type, think Liv Tyler or Diana. The principle is always the same. You can double-check with clothing. For Flamboyant Natural, it’s anything (lots of options!) that picks up the tall + wide component. Remember Kibbe’s motto here: Bodies don’t need correction; the goal is to dress according to what is present. He wrote in his fb group recently that clothes should ‘accommodate’ which sums it up well. That way, it looks harmonious. Silhouette determines clothes, not vice versa. That’s how you find your type.

Hence for RM we pick: Say, a monochromatic oversized vertical line (for height), bulky fabrics (for width). Leisurely, sturdy clothes. To accommodate his godly hunk proportions. With Kibbe, clothing that imitates the body looks spot on like one’s habitat. You can type Joon as FN based on his broad + tall silhouette since he can pull off something like on the left:

Most other types will look lost in such a chunky cut except fellow Naturals. The other way around, when RM dresses against his shape, it feels separate in a way that we see the styling first, not him. Let’s try this approach so you see what I mean, you can use this for yourself, too: The antonym of Joon’s body would be tiny, curvy, angular. The blue jacket on the right is just that: Cropped w/ little details that line-break his tall silhouette. It’s something that would rather match say Jimin’s style. Because: Jimin’s outline is shorter.

See how he wears such a stiff, fitted Soft Gamine jacket with ruffles, high collar, and small ornaments effortlessly on the left. Super sexy. While on the right, it looks like he sneaks the entire maknae line past Jin under that huge coat smh so cute 😆

Natural clothing looks too wide + elongated on his petite silhouette, even if he chooses it in his size. While on a Natural type, it looks just right. Winter wear w/ a line break, not monochromatic, accommodates his proportion much better and still keeps mochi warm. That way, you can type Jimin as definitely not FN. It’s interesting how his sex appeal is underlined so well with ornate things while Joon looks put together and like himself with something not (!) embellished at all. Leisure clothes have a rep for being sloppy, but Naturals make them look presentable, even fatally hot like JK (Soft Natural). Or tiny suits everyone’d laugh at when worn by tall people, Gamines make them work, see Yoongi.

A Dramatic would appear too skinny in the shirt and too tall in the jacket. A Romantic would be dwarfed by the shirt and too curvy for the jacket. A Classic would disappear in the shirt and seem awkward in the jacket. Again, only if you let silhouette determine the clothes, there’s harmony. If you think the other way around, that stereotypically sexy garment XYZ will make you look good, it might not be the case if it doesn’t replicate the lines of your body. Your own unique brand of ‘put together’ might be an entirely different one, that’s the whole mentality of the system which I find great. Take the constricting blue dress on Liv VS the glowing free spirit look on the left:

YANG types ironically look their most polished in loose/boxy clothes, not glamorous ones. YANG gives you the straight hips, the jawline, the legs to fill out those clothes. And others, YIN types, are awkward in casual things but shine in flouncy gowns. It’s Kibbe magic. You can type yourself based on how an outfit wholly blends with & centers you. One of the 5 main categories really gives you that wow effect. For women’s dresses: Merriam on YT gives practical advice (after 5:15) how to narrow it down via putting on 5 outfits.

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You can create different expressions of yourself with lines that are disharmonious from you, it doesn’t always have to be ‘this looks good, this doesn’t’. Especially when you borrow from neighboring types. For instance, RM can make himself look broader if he wears a chiseled suit (D/DC). His frame will automatically bulk out the angular cut. Or say our petite Gamines Sope can make themselves look adorable with long coats. Putting on sth separate from your outline creates a new image through contrast in proportions. Liv’s blue YIN dress was so small, it made her athletic YANG build visible. If she wants to show her strong frame, choosing opposite of her lines will reveal her body type.

So if you put on jackets next time, gauge how large/long (N/D) or small (R, G) they have to be to accommodate your body. Look for contrast or if it’s ‘just right’. If you need medium length, you’re a Classic like Tae. Careful with C clothes though when testing yourself. They look sort of fitting on anyone because the lines are so neutral.

If you are an actual Classic though! It’ll really make you look particularly awesome: Harmony. You can spot the C (and often Ds) by how perfect they look in minimal clothing. Tae is an anime character in neat suits. Because his outline & face are so symmetrical. Meanwhile, Romantics can’t have enough small-size jewelry and glitter on them; it repeats their rounded lines/curves. Gamines have such a variable silhouette that contrasting things fit them: see Gaga. Dramatics are towering + lean, a head to toe ensemble w/ sharp corners repeats their silhouette (K. Blanchett in suits!). I’ll explain how those effects come to be.

The important 2 factors that make up silhouette are bones and flesh/muscle.

— BONES

Perceived height shows whether your skeleton is YIN, YANG, or both. The longer your vertical line and limbs, the more Dramatic or to some extent Natural you’ll be. The shorter your silhouette looks, the more Gamine or to some extent Romantic you’ll be. Joon has YANG height, Jimin has YIN height. You can exclude a lot of types once you know how your bone structure appears. Elimination principle on the YIN/YANG spectrum with a pic quiz, very well-explained by this Youtuber Kelsey typing herself:

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— FLESH

The more YANG your flesh, the more absence of softness & muscularity (Dramatic: Lena Headey). Pure YANG is flat, narrow. The more YIN, the more curve and soft tissue is present (Romantic: Betty Kyalo). The two extremes are easier to spot. Types with YIN and YANG (N, C, G, subtypes) are harder to nail down. You can type yourself where you gain weight though, Kibbe summarized this. YANG flesh of N, G, D gets stockier/square in the midsection, Classic gains weight all over. The more YIN the flesh, the likelier it is that your silhouette keeps the hourglass. Reminder that flesh doesn’t determine all of your type, you have to add bones and face alike, see handy chart. I hope this helps! 💗

#kibbe #typology #kibbe body types #anon #ask #long post #body typing

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itsmonika · 2 years

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Decking Meaning

1: a stage in a boat serving normally as a primary component and framing the floor for its compartmentsJanuary 17, 2022

2: something taking after the deck of a boat, for example,a: a story or level of a structure (like a games arena)the upper deckb: the street of a scaffoldc: a level stunned roofless region bordering a housed: the top of the compartment at the back of the body of a carlikewise : the compartmente: a layer of mists3a: a pack of playing a game of cardsb: a bundle of opiates4: TAPE DECK5: an assortment of visual or visual slides introduced normally in a steady progression as a slideshowPompliano was at work for a simple three weeks in 2015, yet in that time he arranged a PowerPoint deck spreading out what he accepted were the critical mistakes in the organization's numbers.- Quality MaddausGoing with a discussion with pictures is standard expert practice, yet an ineffectively coordinated or thick slide deck can over-indulge a show.- Jeff Linkat hand1: prepared for obligation2: next : next thusdeck action worddecked; decking; decksMeaning of deck (Entry 2 of 2)transitive action word1obsolete : COVER2a: to dress in a striking or exquisite way : ARRAYdecked out in hidesb: DECORATEdeck the corridors with branches of holly- English hymnc: to depict or give embellishments3[deck passage 1] : to outfit with or as though with a deck4[deck passage 1] : to thump down persuasively : FLOORdecked him with one punchEquivalents and AntonymsPick the Right SynonymMore Example SentencesBecome familiar with deckEquivalent words and Antonyms for deckEquivalent words: Noungallery, sundeck, porchEquivalent words: Verbenhance, cluster, enhance, adorn, bedizen, blazon, covering, brighten, do, do up, doll up, wrap, dress, decorate, emblaze, emblazon, improve, fancify, extravagant up, trim, embellish, charm (up), beauty, gussy up, trimming, dress (up), trimAntonyms: Verbflaw, ruin, deform, deface, scar, spoilVisit the Thesaurus for MorePick the Right Synonym for deckAction wordEnhance, DECORATE, ORNAMENT, EMBELLISH, BEAUTIFY, DECK, GARNISH intend to improve the presence of something by adding something unessential. Embellish infers an upgrading by something wonderful in itself. a precious stone accessory enhanced her neck DECORATE proposes calming conventionality or tedium by adding magnificence of shading or plan. design a birthday cake ORNAMENT and EMBELLISH suggest the adding of something incidental, ORNAMENT focusing on the elevating or setting off of the first a white house ornamented with green shades , EMBELLISH frequently focusing on the adding of pointless or extrinsic adornment. decorate a page with botanical lines BEAUTIFY adds to EMBELLISH an idea of offsetting or grotesqueness. will decorate the grounds with bloom beds DECK suggests the expansion of something that adds to mirth, magnificence, or flashiness. a house all decked out for Christmas GARNISH proposes finishing with a little last touch and is utilized particularly in alluding to the serving of food. an entrée embellished with parsleyLate Examples on the Web: NounAdd character to your deck with a decorative railing.- Susannah Felts, Better Homes and Gardens, 6 Jan. 2022Participate in an attracting to win extra cards to expand your deck.- courant.com, 6 Jan. 2022These model sentences are chosen consequently from different web-based news sources to reflect current utilization of the word 'deck.' Views communicated in the models don't address the assessment of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us input.Center English dekke covering of a boat, from Middle Dutch *dec covering, likely from Middle Low German vordeck, from vordecken to cover, from vor-for-+ decken to cover; much the same as Old High German decchen to cover - more at THATCH

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trendtshirtnewposts · 4 years

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lelb-society · 4 years

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Embellish 1100 Words You Need to Know Week 16 Day 3 with definition, example, synonyms, antonyms, illustration and flashcard for IELTS.

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zbadamsblogs · 6 years

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Power Word

In Week 4′s tutorial, we discussed the importance of words. We use them everyday, but how often do we actually use them to their full, powerful effect? The idea was to think of words that are rarely used in our lexicons, and how these, usually, foreign words, can replace the commonly used words, we use everyday. This, for me, is quite personally important, as I have been on the discovery of interesting, and unique words, for a few years now. It all started when I began to watch Qi, (Lorimer, I. 2003-) the British comedy show. The quite interesting idea about this particular show, is the level of intellect, matches the quick wit of humour, in one of my most suited embellishments, for me ever. I consider myself quite funny, and quite intelligent, as if the show were made, just for me. The concept of the show, revolves around discussing varying topics and facts, in regards to anything that is Quite Interesting. But, what I found to be most interesting, was the host, Stephen Fry. A decorated comedian, and writer, Fry was arguably, to me, the most captivating part of the show. He is extremely well-equipped with knowledge, and has a way with words, that had such a profound effect on me, that I could not help but to keep watching the show, on an incessant binge. What Fry was most capable of doing, to me, was to demonstrate the way words could be used, to not only convey the concise message, but to define elegance, in eloquence.

Since then, my pursuit of words has becoming something I do, more so as a hobby, rather than a purpose for education, although that does not deter from me learning something new. In my writing, I find ways to include these words, and find pride when I do so, successfully. Much like what we discussed in class, using words that paint the picture, in a more succinct and precise way, is something to always consider, when trying to battle the defiant word count.

From these past few years, I have saved some words, both on google, and in my dictionary app I use. These words may be from shows, like Qi, or even from video games, documentaries, television shows, etc. Maieutic - An interesting word pertaining to the Socratic method of Elenctic debating. Two individuals have a discussion, trying to stimulate critical thinking. I could use this in terms of debates, I might have with someone else. Apocryphal - I discovered this word on a podcast, discussing the validity of several religious ideas, and beliefs. It is a fictitious statement, or idea, which is generally regarded as true.

Pastiche - basically a word which means paying homage to something. Pretty much anything comedy based, these days, stemming from that of Monty Python. This word, for me, could be used a lot, because I am heavily influenced by others. Acolyte - an assistant, mostly for a priest. I believe this word came through a game I played. I am sure I have heard of it, but never considered the spelling. Eugenics - beliefs that aim to better the genetic quality of humans. This came from the same podcast, different episode. This episode talked more about the supposed, survived Nazi’s in South America, in Colonia Dignidad (now Villa Baviera). Researching this, might have been a bad idea.

Calumny - Slander and defamation. This fits well into the idea of utilising different synonyms, for the same, or improved result.

Paroxysm - a sudden outburst of a particular emotion or activity. This can be used to replace ‘outbursts,’ ‘convulsions,’ ‘episodes.’ Loquacious - talkative. I got this one from none other than Stan Lee, the comic book genius. I suggested this word in class, as it sounds so beautiful to say, and euphonic. Cavil - Make unnecessary objections or complaints. Working in hospitality, (Hungry Jacks) this could be word of the day, all days ending in Y.

Parlance - A way of speaking, like a dialect or jargon in particular fields. As I belong to specific fields of activity, and many terms appear, specifically to the fields.

Cognoscenti - A well-informed person on a particular subject. This word was plastered right in the subtitle of an article on Slash, the Guns N’ Roses guitarist, in a music magazine. I saw the word and thought; ‘what the fuck is that?’ Some words, I forget, but cognoscenti is definitely not one of them. Prophylactic - I mean, it is an awesome word, as in preventing diseases, but the North Americans provide a better use of the term. It’s like calling a pencil, a graphite word-caster.

Portmanteau - a combination of the sounds of two words, and their meanings. This is the type of word, that everyone should know, as we use portmanteaus, almost everyday.

Tmesis - the addition of another word, in a compound word. This I discovered on Qi, by Stephen, with the fun fact that it is the only word in the English dictionary, with T and M, together at the start of the word. Un-Fucking-Believable. Contronym - a word with two opposite meanings. In the vein with synonyms, and antonyms, I never considered contronyms. I guess it will be fine.

Decolletage - Well, you can not be mad at me for trying. Very euphonic, as most french girls, I mean, words are.

Daltonien - Colour-blindness. knocks off one word of the count, nothing to be purple about.

Cicatrix - A scar of a healed wound. I think this word is awesome. Sounds like it belongs in a J.K. Rowling novel. Laconic - in contrast to loquacious, people who use few words. Sounds like a gaelic phrase, which may not be true, for there is no such thing, as a quiet Irishman. Macarism - Making others happy, through praise. Maybe what people should aspire to be more like. Weird, because the dictionary says you can not be macaristic.

These are just some of the words in which, I have stored over a few years, in order to help me remember them, and to hopefully utilise them in my vocabulary, whenever the chance, arises. I think words, and language, is the most important part of human potential. It is how we communicate with one another, but people refuse to learn anything, or practise things differently. I will always seek to be better, not just in my lexicon, but in my life, as I try to grasp all the knowledge, I can contain.

References:

Lorimer, I (dir.) 2003-, Qi, Television program, Channel 1, British Broadcasting Corporation

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nidiviviaa-blog · 7 years

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lif8 · 7 years

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Efeito Acrasia: por que não fazemos o que planejamos e o que fazer em relação a isso

Texto escrito por: James Clear | Traduzido por: LIF8. ____________________________________________

Victor Hugo fotografado por Etienne Carjat em 1876. (Fonte: National Library of France)

No verão de 1830, Victor Hugo enfrentava um desafio de entregar um trabalho dentro de um tempo impossível. Doze meses antes, o famoso autor francês tinha feito um acordo com sua editora de que ele escreveria um novo livro chamado O Corcunda de Notre Dame.

Em vez de escrever o livro, Hugo gastou seu ano com outros projetos, entretendo visitas, e procrastinando seu trabalho com o livro. A editora de Hugo ficou frustrada por seus repetidos atrasos e colocou um prazo para a entrega. A editora exigiu que Hugo finalizasse o livro em fevereiro de 1831 - que estava a menos de 6 meses.

Hugo desenvolveu um plano para combater sua procrastinação. Ele pegou todas as suas roupas e as retirou de seu quarto, guardando-as trancadas. Ele ficou apenas com um grande xale para se vestir. Sem nenhuma roupa agradável para sair, Hugo não ficava mais tentado a sair e se distrair fora de casa. Ficar em casa e escrever era sua única opção.

A estratégia funcionou. Hugo permaneceu todos os dias estudando e escreveu que nem louco durante o outono e o inverno de 1930. O Corcunda de Notre Dame foi publicado com duas semanas de antecedência, em 14 de janeiro de 1831.

O Problema Ancestral da Acrasia

O ser humano tem procratinado há séculos. Mesmo artistas prolíficos como Victor Hugo não estão imunes às distrações do dia a dia. O problema é tão antigo que filósofos gregos antigos como Sócrates e Aristótoles cunharam uma palavra para descrever esse tipo de comportamento: acrasia.

Acrasia é a situação em que agimos contra nosso melhor julgamento. É quando você faz algo mesmo sabendo que deveria fazer outra coisa. A grosso modo, pode-se dizer que acrasia é uma procrastinação ou baixo autocontrole. Acrasia é o que nos impede de seguir seguirmos nosso plano do jeito que formulamos.

Por que Victor Hugo se comprometeu a escrever um livro e depois abandonou esse projeto por mais de um ano? Por que nós fazemos planos, estipulamos prazos, nos comprometemos com metas, mas falhamos em cumprir?

Por que fazemos planos, mas não agimos?

Uma explicação do porquê a acrasia domina nossas vidas e a procrastinação nos amarra tem a ver com um termo da economia comportamental chamado de “inconsistência no tempo” (ou ausência de contiguidade). Esse termo se refere à tendência do cérebro humano a valorizar recompensas imediatas mais do que recompensas que vão chegar depois, no futuro.

Quando você faz plano para si mesmo - como estabelecer uma meta para perder peso ou escrever um livro ou aprender um idioma - você está na verdade fazendo planos para seu futuro eu. Você está visando no que você quer para sua vida no futuro e quando você pensa no futuro é fácil para seu cérebro ver a importância em realizar ações com benefícios a longo prazo.

Quando chega a hora de tomar decisões, contudo, você não está mais fazendo uma escolha para seu futuro eu. Agora você está vivendo o momento e seu cérebro está interessado no seu eu do presente. E os pesquisadores descobriram que o o eu do presente gosta na verdade de gratificações instantâneas e não recompensas a longo prazo. Este é um motivo do porquê você pode dormir se sentindo motivado a realizar mudanças na sua vida, mas quando você acorda você se cai de volta nos mesmos velhos padrões de comportamento. Seu cérebro valoriza benefícios a longo prazo quando você está com a cabeça no futuro, mas ele valoriza recompensas imediatas quando você vive no presente.

Esse é o porquê a habilidade de adiar gratificações é um grande preditor do sucesso na vida. Compreender como resistir às garras da gratificação instantânea - pelo menos algumas vezes, se não der pra ser sempre - pode ajudá-lo a saltar de onde você está para onde você desejaria estar.

O esquema que você precisa para vencer a procrastinação

Aqui estão três caminhos para superar a acrasia, vencer a procrastinação, e seguir os planos do jeito que você imaginou.

Estratégia 1: planeje suas ações futuras

Quando Victor Hugo trancou suas roupas para que ele pudesse focar na escrita, ele estava criando o que os psicólogos chamam de “dispositivo de comprometimento”. Esses dispositivos são estratégias que ajudam a melhorar o desempenho aumentando ou os obstáculos e/ou custos de comportamentos indesejáveis, ou reduzindo o esforço necessário para realizar o comportamento desejável.

Você pode frear seu hábito de consumo comprando comida em embalagens individuais em vez de pacotes grandes. Você pode parar de gastar tempo no celular deletando os jogos ou os aplicativos de redes sociais. Você pode diminuir a probabilidade de perder tempo assistindo coisas inúteis escondendo sua TV em um armário e só usá-la nos dias que vai passar o jogo do seu time. Você pode voluntariamente pedir para ser adicionado na lista de pessoas banidas em sites de casinos ou jogos online para prevenir vícios em apostas. Você pode criar um fundo financeiro para situações emergenciais programando uma transferência automática do seu salário. Isso são dispositivos de comprometimento.

As circunstâncias mudam, mas a mensagem é a mesma: dispositivos de comprometimento podem ajudar você a delinear suas ações futuras. Encontre uma forma de você automatizar seu comportamento antecipadamente em vez de se deixar levar pelas tentações do momento. Seja o arquiteto de suas futuras ações, e não vítima delas.

Estratégia 2: Reduza o atrito estático

A culpa e a frustração de procrastinar é geralmente pior que o sofrimento de fazer o trabalho. Nas palavras de Eliezer Yudkowsky: “tomando como base a dor do momento, estar no meio do trabalho é geralmente menos doloroso que estar no meio da procrastinação”.

Então por que nós procrastinamos? Porque o difícil não é estar trabalhando, mas sim começar o trabalho. A dificuldade em realizar uma tarefa está usualmente centrada no início do comportamento. Uma vez que você começa, o resto é menos difícil. Por isso geralmente é mais importante você criar o hábito de começar a tarefa quando se está aprendendo um novo comportamento, mais do que se preocupar em ser bem sucedido nesse novo hábito.

Você tem que reduzir constantemente o peso do seus hábitos. Coloque todo seu esforço e energia em construir um ritual que torne o mais fácil possível iniciar a tarefa. Não se preocupe com os resultados até você se tornar um mestre na arte de começar.

Estratégia 3: Utilize intenções de metas.

Uma intenção de meta é quando você estabelece suas intenções em melhorar um comportamento em particular em um determinado tempo no futuro. Por exempo: “eu vou praticar exercícios por pelo menos 30 minutos no(a) [local] em [data] às [hora]”.

Há centenas de estudos mostrando como as intenções de metas impactam positivamente em tudo, de hábitos de exercícios a rotinas de tomar remédios. Em um estudo sobre vacinas para gripe, os pesquisadores acompanharam um grupo de 3.272 funcionários de uma empresa e constataram que os funcionários que escreviam uma data e horário específicos que eles pretendiam tomar a vacina tinham maior probabilidade de realmente tomar a vacina após algumas semanas.

Parece simples dizer que estabelecer metas para o futuro pode fazer diferença, mas como eu disse anteriormente, implementar metas pode fazer você aumentar duas ou três vezes as chances de agir no futuro.

Combatendo a Acrasia

Nosso cérebro prefere recompensas imediatas em detrimento das de longo prazo. É uma simples consequência de como nossa mente funciona. Sabendo dessa tendência, nós temos que recorrer a estratégias malucas para conseguir fazer as coisas - como Victor Hugo que trancou todas as suas roupas para escrever um livro. Mas eu acredito que vale a pena gastar tempo construindo esses dispositivos de comprometimento se seus objetivos são importantes para você.

Aristóteles cunhou o termo Encrateia como o antônimo de Acrasia. Enquanto acrateia refere-se à nossa tendência em cair nas tentações da procrastinação, encrateia significa “empoderar de si mesmo”. Delineando suas futuras ações, reduzindo o atrito estático para iniciar comportamentos e estabelecendo metas são pequenas coisas que você pode fazer para favorecer a encrateia ao invés da acrasia.

*****

James Clear escreve no JamesClear.com, onde ele compartilha dicas de auto-aperfeiçoamento baseadas em pesquisa científica. Você pode ler seus melhores artigos ou entrar de graça na lista de e-mail para aprender a como construir hábitos duradouros. Este artigo foi originalmente publicado em JamesClear.com.

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Notas

A história sobre Victor Hugo foi se enfeitando ao longo dos anos. A maioria das versões conta que ele tinha um empregado que trancava suas roupas enquanto ele escrevia pelado todos os dias. O melhor que posso dizer que este efeite é um mito. A verdadeira versão que eu escrevi neste artigo veio de um livro da esposa de Hugo: “Victor Hugo recontado por uma testemunha de sua vida”, de Adele Foucher.

Obrigado aos amigos do Beeminder por algumas ideias que eu mencionei aqui. Você pode ver o artigo completo sobre dispositivos de comprometimento para superar a acrasia.

“Using implementation intentions prompts to enhance influenza vaccination rates” de Katherine L. Milkman, John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson e Brigitte C. Madrian. Proceedings da Academia Nacional de Ciências: Vol. 108 №26.

Obrigado ao meu amigo Nir Eyal por me apresentar o termo acrasia.

#procrastinação #acrasia #encrateia #produtividade

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