#cooperative principle

[omegaphilosophia]

The Philosophy of Pragmatics

The philosophy of pragmatics is a branch of philosophy that focuses on the study of language use in context, particularly the ways in which speakers use language to communicate effectively and achieve their communicative goals. Pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is inferred from context, how speakers convey and interpret meaning beyond the literal content of their words, and how language is used to perform actions and achieve social purposes.

Key aspects of the philosophy of pragmatics include:

Speech Acts: Pragmatics examines the performative aspect of language, studying how utterances are used to perform actions and bring about changes in the world. Speech act theory, developed by philosophers such as J.L. Austin and John Searle, investigates the illocutionary force of utterances (what speakers do in uttering sentences) and the perlocutionary effects of utterances (the effects they have on hearers).

Implicature and Inference: Pragmatics explores implicature, which refers to the meaning that is conveyed indirectly or implied by an utterance beyond its literal meaning. Philosophers analyze how hearers infer implicatures based on conversational context, background knowledge, and pragmatic principles. Gricean maxims, formulated by philosopher H.P. Grice, outline principles of conversation that guide speakers and hearers in cooperative communication.

Presupposition: Pragmatics investigates presupposition, which refers to the assumptions that speakers make about what their interlocutors already know or accept as true. Philosophers examine how presuppositions are conveyed linguistically and how they affect the interpretation of utterances.

Context and Contextual Meaning: Pragmatics considers the role of context in shaping meaning and interpretation. Philosophers analyze how linguistic meaning is enriched or modified by contextual factors such as situational context, linguistic context, and social context.

Reference and Anaphora: Pragmatics explores issues related to reference and anaphora, studying how speakers refer to entities in the world and how they establish coherence and cohesion in discourse through pronouns, demonstratives, and other referring expressions.

Politeness and Face: Pragmatics examines politeness and face-saving strategies in communication, investigating how speakers manage interpersonal relationships and social status through language use.

Overall, the philosophy of pragmatics offers insights into the dynamic and interactive nature of language use, shedding light on how speakers navigate the complexities of communication to convey meaning effectively and achieve their communicative goals.

#philosophy #epistemology #knowledge #learning #chatgpt #education #ontology #metaphysics #psychology #Pragmatics #Speech Acts #Implicature #Presupposition #Context #Cooperation #Reference #Politeness #Gricean Maxims #Conversational Principles

[thesabrinatheteenagewitchblog]

Sabrina and Harvey in a topical tweet by Archie Comics

#sabrina spellman #harvey kinkle #sabrina broom #sabrina x harvey #sabrina comics #sabrina art #sabrina archie comics #archie comics #archie andrews #jughead jones #betty cooper #veronica lodge #reggie mantle #principle weatherbee #geraldine grundy

[tardis--dreams]

Writing a wall of text getting hit with a moment of introspection which has you asking yourself 'babe, do you even have a Point??' to which you must admit. You don't know anymore

#academic misery #babe please #why do you need to explain the history of aviation language and the reasons why English was chosen as the international standard #and not Esperanto. is it really adding anything valuable to your thesis? or are you just. rambling?? #i don't think we need to include why the icao was founded and in how many languages their manuals are translated #it is not relevant #please no babe listen to me. it's the same as with politeness. we don't need to cover all the potential perspectives #it is impossible. no babe you also do not need to explain the cooperative principle in detail. your target audience is #two linguistics professors #yes i know it hurts. but. leave stuff out. #yeah no everything is going really well #I'll finish that lit. review today and move on to some actual work i swear

[clowndensation]

what you all need to understand is that abo is interesting as a thought exercise because trying to figure out how different human-esque species would sanctify/demonize (which in both cases elevates) a natural and yet overpowering biological drive in order to subscribe greater meaning to animalistic impulse is the most fun a man can possibly have with his clothes on. and then when aforementioned man takes his clothes off he's having wild self-lubricating sex with gallons of cum. it's literally win-win.

#did you know if you listen to a book about humanity's need to establish a myriad of myths in order to cooperate and proliferate together #and then take that deconstruction of foundational human principles and project it onto funky fanfiction tropes #you can truly have a lot of fun

[clouds-of-wings]

The other characters make fun of Sheldon's "roommate agreements" and ten thousand specifications for how he would like to be treated, but I see the value quite clearly in someone having such respect for consistent boundaries. Imagine having a friend/roommate/boyfriend who will agree in writing to wash his hands every time after going to the toilet. I'd sure as fuck be willing to buy the exact rice brand he likes in return for that peace of mind.

#the big bang theory #sheldon cooper #tbbt #i'm pretty sure sheldon washes his hands voluntarily #but just in principle

[akkivee]

eventually we’ll get the ‘bat has chuuoku stakes’ reveal and i’m pretty terrified of it tbh lol

#this is vee speaking #feeling apprehensive about bat’s future again lol #i was just thinking that since kuukou’s a support character that probably means jyushi and hitoya might be getting into deeper troubles #and kuukou has to support them🤔 which follows set up in glory or dust and harmonious cooperation!!!!! #and also that jyushi and hitoya are ichiro parallels for kuukou!!!! #but that would mean jyushi and hitoya would be In Danger probably and kuukou might get pulled in different directions because of it #which scares me for all three of them lol #i’ve been getting by on bat’s super cute and besting their past vibes but now we might have to watch their principles tested by the future #and that’s just life ᕕ( ᐛ )ᕗ!!!!!!!! but it sucks lmao!!!!!!!! #c: kuukou👑 #c: jyushi #c: hitoya

[maddy-ferguson]

early may me never would've thought that i was gonna start liking the idea of mike and will from stranger things being gay and in love enough to become a tumblrina again and that that would lead to me witnessing a debate about whether or not people can be born evil by the end of the year

#personally i'm too much of a sociologist to believe anyone is born inherently anything #good or bad #and i really don't think people thinking henry/vecna/001 whatever was abused as a kid negates the fact that he became an awful person etc #at least not one byler who's doing that is negating that/saying it excuses it #and i don't think the principle of looking into his past itself is harmful in any way? #the evidence of him being abused might be circumstancial like idk i get why people think he wasn't (by his parents i mean) #but i mean. i guess it depends on what you think of human nature and of what the show thinks of human nature #and i'm the BIGGESTTT billy hater i never would've forgiven him even if he had survived season 3 and went on to become a good person and a #good brother and. not racist anymore. but is saying he became like that because of his father's abuse controversial? #i do think no matter how you look at it a lot of the show is about repeating and breaking the cycle of abuse and henry is the biggest/worst #occurrence of the cycle being repeated #and i don't know. killing animals is very dexter-like betty cooper-like of him and i've seen ahs murder house i can buy characters being #totally evil (this is about tate) but i just don't think people theorizing about him being abused prior to the lab is a bad thing #but i mean. certainly an interesting debate i like knowing people's takes on humanity #and like i say: brf slt

[raffaellopalandri]

Brands: Not My Thing

Daily writing promptWhat are your favorite brands and why?View all responses Let’s talk about brands. For some, it’s a world of logos, trendy clothes, and the latest tech gadgets. It’s a way to express yourself, to belong to a certain tribe. But for me, the whole concept of brands rubs me the wrong way. Photo by Alexas Fotos on Pexels.com It’s not that I do not understand that some could want…

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#brand #capitalism #compassion #Consumerism #cooperation #dailyprompt #dailyprompt-1929 #Economy #equality #equitable society #fight capitalism #fight consumerism #ideals #identity avoidance #moral #moral avoidance #principles #Raffaello Palandri #social justice #social sharing #values #wealth concentration #wealth redistribution

[internationalwomenday]

Closing the Gap: Women's Empowerment in the Golf Cooperation Council Region (CSW68 Side Event).

High-Level Side Event on the occasion of the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW68) organized by Permanent Mission of the State of Qatar to the United Nations and co-sponsored by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).

For meaningful insights and actions towards the global effort to empower women and girls.

Related Sites and Documents

Concept Note

Watch Closing the Gap: Women's Empowerment in the Golf Cooperation Council Region (CSW68 Side Event).

#closing the gaps #csw68 #state of qatar #gulf cooperation council #women's empowerment principles #women and girls #panel discussions #side-events

[debtsunpaid]

loooootta parallels between klavier and hugh dancy's will graham, tbh. same principle of being transformed first against your will, then accepting the change because you're too far gone to go back so you might as well walk forward, and finally completing the transformation yourself because you've come to see the beauty inherent in the change. by a similar token, ondine is a little bit of both bedelia and alana.

#OOC. #the more i draw parallels between nbc hannibal and jallaklavi the more these fuckers take on a clearer shape for me #i initially set out to make a non-romantic venom out of jalla & klavi but i think...klavi does come to love jalla in a way #more indecipherably so than strictly platonic or romantic but it's definitely a love of sorts #it's a love born both from the necessity of cooperating to survive and out of the comfort of being enabled #by a similar yet opposite principle klavi comes to love ondine (although it's strictly platonic there) bc she understands him #& eventually because she understands him but she doesn't Like him. there's a safety in being Checked after running off the rails for so lon #i don't think ondine ever loses herself to anima the way klavi loses themself to jalla bc she doesn't Love anima. she isn't Made to #all of ondine's problems come about so naturally and humanly that she doesn't treat anima like her savior or her villain. anima just Is. #anima is someone that asks for her help and ondine gives it bc she's got nothing to lose and everything to gain. and she gains a lot #meanwhile jalla is part of the REASON that klavi loses everything. why he loses every shred of safety and future he had #and klavi can fight their presence in his life all they want but it will never change anything. he's not strong enough to fight forever #but if he comes to Love the good things about having a mad god in their head then. there's less he has to think about losing #idk. i'm going berserk about my favorite little freak today

[insteading]

“Hawkin is a child of the thirteenth century, Will,” [Merriman] said. “Seven hundred years before you were born. He belongs there. By my art, he has been brought forward out of it for this one day [to 1875], and then he will go back again. As few ordinary men have ever done. ... I existed—exist--in Hawkin's century. There, Hawkin is my liege man. I am his lord, and more than his lord, for he has been with me all his life, reared as if he were a son, since I took him when his parents had died.” “No son ever had better care,” Hawkin said, rather huskily; he looked at his feet, and tugged the jacket straight, and Will realized that for all the lines on his face Hawkin was not much older than his own brother Stephen.

-- Chapter 7: The Book of Gramarye

Hawkin being the tool by which Merriman is able to extract knowledge for Will breaks my heart. It's a fundamental change to the relationship between a child and his adoptive parent, to have his life be the bond for retrieving an object, even an important object. And as both son and subject of Merriman, extracted from an explicitly feudal era for this purpose, there is no real option for Hawkin to say “No, I will not give over my life to you in this way.” Of course Hawkin is shaken and shattered, even though he doesn't die. How could Hawkin not come to the conclusion that the Light cares nothing for him? It doesn't. Merriman as a person does. But in his capacity as the oldest of the Light's avatars, he cares about the Light's goals more.

It matters that Will compares Hawkin to Stephen. Stephen is special to Will: Will occupies his old room, and Stephen's the object of a bit of hero worship on Stephen's part. Stephen is grown, but he's still a sibling, and he's dear to Will. And Hawkin is dear to Merriman. Will, in witnessing Hawkin be commanded to risk his life for Will's education, must be realizing that he may be called on to sacrifice people he cares about deeply. That's a lot for an 11-year-old.

#susan cooper #the dark is rising #the dark is reading #readathon #hawkin #merriman lyon #will stanton #pitiless principles

[owlkalinity-books-and-music]

Some walk cycle practice. I love IbisPaint's new animation feature but I really wish there wasn't a watermark... hence why I instead export each image and gif-ify them elsewhere.

#owlkalinity #furry #sfw furry #furry art #anthro #sfw anthro #anthro art #my art #animation #mapicca #cooper durango #win filcrow #winchester filcrow #the west with glory #adventures in fragmentation #the decoherence principle

[themandalalady]

23-25 Change

Download and color this week’s Mandala of the Week This week’s MotW is inspired by Jack Canfield’s “The Success Principles”, namely Principle #31: Embrace Change. Canfield states: “Change is inevitable. At this very moment your body is changing. The Earth is changing. The economy, technology, how we do business, even how we communicate is changing. And though you can resist that change and…

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#change #color mandalas #coloring mandalas #cooperate with change #embrace change #mandala #mandala art #Mandala artist #mandala coloring pages #mandala of the week #mandala to color #maureen frank #resisting change is futile #the mandala lady #the success principles #time to change

[rodspurethoughts]

NASA to Cover Czech Republic Artemis Accords Signing

Don't miss the live coverage of the Czech Republic's Artemis Accords signing ceremony with NASA on May 3! The Accords set principles for space exploration cooperation and reinforce norms of responsible behavior and public release of scientific data. #NASA

The Artemis Accords describe a shared vision for principles, grounded in the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, to create a safe and transparent environment which facilitates exploration, science, and commercial activities for all of humanity to enjoy.Credits: NASA NASA has announced that the Czech Republic is expected to sign the Artemis Accords during a ceremony at NASA Headquarters in Washington on…

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#Artemis Accords #cooperation #Czech Republic #live coverage #NASA #practical set of principles #responsible behavior #scientific data #signing ceremony #space exploration

[spacelazarwolf]

in honor of that anon who said jews have done nothing for the world, here’s a non exhaustive list of things we’ve done for the world:

arts, fashion, and lifestyle:

jeans - levi strauss

modern bras - ida rosenthal

sewing machines - isaac merritt singer

modern film industry - carl laemmle (universal pictures), adolph zukor (paramount pictures), william fox (fox film forporation), louis b. mayer (mgm - metro-goldwyn-mayer), harry, sam, albert, and jack warners (warner bros.), steven spielberg, mel brooks, marx brothers

operetta - jacques offenbach

comic books - stan lee

graphic novels - will eisner

teddy bears - morris and rose michtom

influential musicians - irving berlin, stephen sondheim, benny goodman, george gershwin, paul simon, itzhak perlman, leonard bernstein, bob dylan, leonard cohen

artists - mark rothko

actors - elizabeth taylor, jerry lewis, barbara streisand

comedians - lenny bruce, joan rivers, jerry seinfeld

authors - judy blume, tony kushner, allen ginsberg, walter mosley

culture:

esperanto - ludwik lazar zamenhof

feminism - betty friedan, gloria steinem, ruth bader ginsberg

queer and trans rights - larry kramer, harvey milk, leslie feinberg, abby stein, kate bornstein, frank kameny, judith butler

international women's day - clara zetkin

principles of journalizm, statue of liberty, and pulitzer prize - joseph pulitzer

"the new colossus" - emma lazarus

universal declaration of human rights - rene samuel cassin

holocaust remembrance and human rights activism - elie wiesel

workers rights - louis brandeis, rose schneiderman

public health care, women's rights, and children's rights - lillian wald

racial equity - rabbi abraham joshua heschel, julius rosenwald, andrew goodman, michael schwerner

political theory - hannah arendt

disability rights - judith heumann

black lives matter slogan and movement - alicia garza

#metoo movement - jodi kantor

institute of sexology - magnus hirschfeld

technology:

word processing computers - evelyn berezin

facebook - mark zuckerberg

console video game system - ralph henry baer

cell phones - amos edward joel jr., martin cooper

3d - leonard lipton

telephone - philipp reis

fax machines - arthur korn

microphone - emile berliner

gramophone - emile berliner

television - boris rosing

barcodes - norman joseph woodland and bernard silver

secret communication system, which is the foundation of the technology used for wifi - hedy lamarr

three laws of robotics - isaac asimov

cybernetics - norbert wiener

helicopters - emile berliner

BASIC (programming language) - john george kemeny

google - sergey mikhaylovich brin and larry page

VCR - jerome lemelson

fax machine - jerome lemelson

telegraph - samuel finley breese morse

morse code - samuel finley breese morse

bulletproof glass - edouard benedictus

electric motor and electroplating - boris semyonovich jacobi

nuclear powered submarine - hyman george rickover

the internet - paul baran

icq instant messenger - arik vardi, yair goldfinger,, sefi vigiser, amnon amir

color photography - leopold godowsky and leopold mannes

world's first computer - herman goldstine

modern computer architecture - john von neumann

bittorrent - bram cohen

voip internet telephony - alon cohen

data archiving - phil katz, eugene roshal, abraham lempel, jacob ziv

nemeth code - abraham nemeth

holography - dennis gabor

laser - theodor maiman

instant photo sharing online - philippe kahn

first automobile - siegfried samuel marcus

electrical maglev road - boris petrovich weinberg

drip irrigation - simcha blass

ballpoint pen and automatic gearbox - laszlo biro

photo booth - anatol marco josepho

medicine:

pacemakers and defibrillators - louise robinovitch

defibrillators - bernard lown

anti-plague and anti-cholera vaccines - vladimir aronovich khavkin

polio vaccine - jonas salk

test for diagnosis of syphilis - august paul von wasserman

test for typhoid fever - ferdinand widal

penicillin - ernst boris chain

pregnancy test - barnhard zondek

antiretroviral drug to treat aids and fight rejection in organ transplants - gertrude elion

discovery of hepatitis c virus - harvey alter

chemotherapy - paul ehrlich

discovery of prions - stanley prusiner

psychoanalysis - sigmund freud

rubber condoms - julius fromm

birth control pill - gregory goodwin pincus

asorbic acid (vitamin c) - tadeusz reichstein

blood groups and rh blood factor - karl landsteiner

acyclovir (treatment for infections caused by herpes virus) - gertrude elion

vitamins - caismir funk

technique for measuring blood insulin levils - rosalyn sussman yalow

antigen for hepatitus - baruch samuel blumberg

a bone fusion technique - gavriil abramovich ilizarov

homeopathy - christian friedrich samuel hahnemann

aspirin - arthur ernst eichengrun

science:

theory of relativity - albert einstein

theory of the electromagnetic field - james maxwell

quantum mechanics - max born, gustav ludwig hertz

quantum theory of gravity - matvei bronstein

microbiology - ferdinand julius cohn

neuropsychology - alexander romanovich luria

counters for x-rays and gamma rays - robert hofstadter

genetic engineering - paul berg

discovery of the antiproton - emilio gino segre

discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation - arno allan penzias

discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe - adam riess and saul merlmutter

discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity - roger penrose

discovery of a supermassive compact object at the center of the milky way - andrea ghez

modern cosmology and the big bang theory - alexander alexandrovich friedmann

stainless steel - hans goldschmidt

gas powered vehicles

interferometer - albert abraham michelson

discovery of the source of energy production in stars - hans albrecht bethe

proved poincare conjecture - grigori yakovlevich perelman

biochemistry - otto fritz meyerhof

electron-positron collider - bruno touschek

#jewish #jumblr #am yisrael fucking chai

[evenlarksandkatydids]

something about lucy giving cooper the chems he needs to keep from going feral to show him that she'll never let the wasteland turn her into someone like him and cooper immediately afterward finding a copy of the anti-communist propaganda movie he was talked into doing despite his apprehensions. cooper looking into the past at the exact moment that started the gradual wearing away of his principles and put him on the path to becoming the man he is while lucy walks off defiantly, no i will not allow this place to change me, i may have to become harder, i may have to become violent, but i will hold true to the values that have shaped me.

#their parallels make me crazy actually #honey you're familiar like my mirror years ago #fallout #ghoul x lucy #cooper x lucy #cooper howard #lucy maclean #vaultghoul