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palecleverdoll · 8 months

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Ages of French Queens at First Marriage

I have only included women whose birth dates and dates of marriage are known within at least 1-2 years, therefore, this is not a comprehensive list.

This list is composed of Queens of France until the end of the House of Bourbon; it does not include Bourbon claimants or descendants after 1792.

The average age at first marriage among these women was 20.

Ermentrude of Orléans, first wife of Charles the Bald: age 19 when she married Charles in 842 CE

Richilde of Provence, second wife of Charles the Bald: age 25 when she married Charles in 870 CE

Richardis of Swabia, wife of Charles the Fat: age 22 when she married Charles in 862 CE

Théodrate of Troyes, wife of Odo: age 14 or 15 when she married Odo in 882 or 883 CE

Frederuna, wife of Charles III: age 20 when she married Charles in 907 CE

Beatrice of Vermandois, second wife of Robert I: age 10 when she married Robert in 990 CE

Emma of France, wife of Rudolph: age 27 when she married Rudolph in 921 CE

Gerberga of Saxony, wife of Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine, and later of Louis IV: age 16 when she married Gilbert in 929 CE

Emma of Italy, wife of Lothair: age 17 when she married Lothair in 965 CE

Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou, wife of Stephen, Viscount of Gévaudan, Raymond III, Count of Toulouse, and later Louis V: age 15 when she married Stephen in 955 CE

Bertha of Burgundy, wife of Odo I, Count of Blois, and later Robert II: age 19 when she married Odo in 984 CE

Constance of Arles, third wife of Robert II: age 17 when she married Robert in 1003 CE

Anne of Kiev, wife of Henry I: age 21 when she married Henry in 1051 CE

Bertha of Holland, first wife of Philip I: age 17 when she married Philip in 1072 CE

Bertrade of Montfort, wife of Fulk IV, Count of Anjou, and second wife of Philip I: age 19 when she married Fulk in 1089 CE

Adelaide of Maurienne, second wife of Louis VI: age 23 when she married Louis in 1115 CE

Eleanor of Aquitaine, first wife of Louis VII and later Henry II of England: age 15 when she married Louis in 1137 CE

Adela of Champagne, third wife of Louis VII: age 20 when she married Louis in `1160 CE

Isabella of Hainault, first wife of Philip II: age 10 when she married Philip in 1180 CE

Ingeborg of Denmark, second wife of Philip II: age 19 when she married Philip in 1193 CE

Agnes of Merania, third wife of Philip II: age 21 when she married Philip in 1195 CE

Blanche of Castile, wife of Louis VIII: age 12 when she married Louis in 1200 CE

Margaret of Provence, wife of Louis IX: age 13 when she married Louis in 1234 CE

Isabella of Aragon, first wife of Philip III: age 14 when she married Philip in 1262 CE

Marie of Brabant, second wife of Philip III: age 20 when she married Philip in 1274 CE

Joan I of Navarre, wife of Philip IV: age 11 when she married Philip in 1284 CE

Margaret of Burgundy, wife of Louis X; age 15 when she married Louis in 1305 CE

Clementia of Hungary, second wife of Louis X: age 22 when she married Louis in 1315 CE

Joan II, Countess of Burgundy, wife of Philip V: age 15 when she married Philip in 1307 CE

Blanche of Burgundy, first wife of Charles IV: age 12 when she married Charles in 1308 CE

Marie of Luxembourg, second wife of Charles IV: age 18 when she married Charles in 1322 CE

Joan of Évreux, third wife of Charles IV: age 14 when she married Charles in 1324 CE

Bonne of Luxembourg, first wife of John II: age 17 when she married John in 1332 CE

Joan I, Countess of Auvergne, wife of Philip of Burgundy, and later John II: age 12 when she married Philip in 1338 CE

Joanna of Bourbon, wife of Charles V: age 12 when she married Charles in 1350 CE

Isabeau of Bavaria, wife of Charles VI: age 15 when she married Charles in 1385 CE

Marie of Anjou, wife of Charles VII: age 18 when she married Charles in 1422 CE

Charlotte of Savoy, second wife of Louis XI: age 9 when she married Louis in 1451 CE

Anne of Brittany, wife of Maximilian I, HRE, Charles VIII and later Louis XII: age 13 when she married Maximilian in 1490 CE

Joan of France, first wife of Louis XII: age 12 when she married Louis in 1476 CE

Mary Tudor, third wife of Louis XII: age 18 when she married Louis in 1514 CE

Claude of France, first wife of Francis I: age 15 when she married Francis in 1514 CE

Eleanor of Austria, wife of Manuel I of Portugal and later second wife of Francis I: age 20 when she married Manuel in 1518 CE

Catherine de' Medici, wife of Henry II: age 14 when she married Henry in 1533 CE

Mary, Queen of Scots, wife of Francis II: age 16 when she married Francis in 1558 CE

Elisabeth of Austria, wife of Charles IX: age 16 when she married Charles in 1570 CE

Louise of Lorraine, wife of Henry III: age 22 when she married Henry in 1575 CE

Margaret of Valois, first wife of Henry IV: age 19 when she married Henry in 1572 CE

Marie de' Medici, second wife of Henry IV: age 25 when she married Henry in 1600 CE

Anne of Austria, wife of Louis XIII: age 14 when she married Louis in 1615 CE

Maria Theresa of Spain, wife of Louis XIV: age 22 when she married Louis in 1660 CE

Marie Leszczyńska, wife of Louis XV: age 22 when she married Louis in 1725 CE

Marie Antoinette, wife of Louis XVI: age 15 when she married Louis in 1770 CE

#history #french #medieval

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the-ballad-of-us · 5 months

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Hello, hello :)

┊ ➶ ｡°.・。.・゜✭・.・✫・゜・。.

-This is @urbanflorals writing account.

-This blog will mostly be about writing and my wips and stuff like that and my chaotic thoughts about my writing

So enter at your own risk....

I also haven't gotten around to creating introductions for all the characters just yet. I'll do it sometime, promise.

┊ ➶ ｡°.・。.・゜✭・.・✫・゜・。.

My wips:

Cartlen College Series

My original story

Characters -

Lainey Bowen

Garrett Maddox

Juniper Magana

Hayden Mckenzie

Bleu Ando

Harper Allaire

Jordi Bowen

Oliver Dawson

┊ ➶ ｡°.・。.・゜✭・.・✫・゜・。.

Hurricane Girls Series

My original story

Characters -

Xandia Northwood

Ivory Abbot

Willa Thornton

Effie Holland

West Avengale

Boston Harding

Chase Sawyer

Gray Fitzweld

┊ ➶ ｡°.・。.・゜✭・.・✫・゜・。.

Shattered Hearts

My original story

Characters -

Hallie O'Connor

Kaiden Alvarez

Violet Reynolds

Crew Peirce

┊ ➶ ｡°.・。.・゜✭・.・✫・゜・。.

The Silent Court

My original story - the one I'm probably working on the most

These characters won't have introductions cause I have way too many -

Aurelia Birnett - The Silent Queen, Iris Birnett - The Siren, Amithi Brandson - The Scorpion, Beatrice Graye - The Archer, Linette Bardot - Red, Blaire Anderston - The Locket, Genevieve Weston - The Viper, Naomi Keller - The Forgess, Harper Beckett - The Slave

Callum Hansley, Leahla Hansley, Julias Hansley, Caspar Hansley, Avena Crista

The cast of the Silent Court

┊ ➶ ｡°.・。.・゜✭・.・✫・゜・。.

Edgeton Prep

My original story

Characters -

Constance Fracher

Quinn Markey

Evie Markwood

Macey Gibson

Griffin Prescott

Jaiden Pitcher

Parker Gibson

Connor Jackson

Aidan Flecture

┊ ➶ ｡°.・。.・゜✭・.・✫・゜・。.

This was really long but oh well. These are only some of my wips. I might post about my other stories and stuff as well.

I'll probably also write random prompts I find or want to do. My ask box is always open for people to put prompts or just questions in general :)

Thank you for reading this loves <3

#my writing #my wips #second blog

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cleolinda · 9 months

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Varney the Vampire: Chapter 16

Chapter 15: Our nephew can't marry some German vampyre!

PREVIOUSLY ON: We had a dance break to introduce two new comic-relief characters. But before that, Flora's sorta-fiancé that she met on the Continent and hadn't seen since showed up, and Flora's oldest brother started trying to warn him (Charles Holland) that since Flora has been bitten by a vampyre, he (Charles Holland) should not marry her. Flora said he should not marry her. The stalwart and faithful Charles Holland is not having any of that shit.

CHAPTER XVI.

THE MEETING OF THE LOVERS IN THE GARDEN. -- AN AFFECTING SCENE. -- THE SUDDEN APPEARANCE OF SIR FRANCIS VARNEY.

Or is he?

Our readers will recollect that Flora Bannerworth had made an appointment with Charles Holland in the garden of the hall. [...] The thought that he should be much urged by Flora to give up all thoughts of making her his, was a most bitter one to him, who loved her with so much truth and constancy, and that she would say all she could to induce such a resolution in his mind he felt certain. But to him the idea of now abandoning her presented itself in the worst of aspects.

Okay but. We just had like a chapter and a half of you swearing up and down that you'd never—

“Dare I be so base as actually or virtually to pad out out the word count say to her, 'Flora, when your beauty was undimmed by sorrow -- when all around you seemed life and joy, I loved you selfishly for the increased happiness which you might bestow upon me; but now the hand of misfortune presses heavily upon you -- you are not what you were, and I desert you?' Never -- never -- never!"

Atta boy.

James Malcolm Rymer decides to throw in that Charles Holland (if you are just joining us, I feel like you always have to say his full name. Rymer often does. It just feels right) "felt more acutely than he reasoned." I'm not sure if this is meant to be snarky or not; at least Rymer follows this up by lauding his "nobility of soul."

As for Flora, Heaven only knows if at that precise time her intellect had completely stood the test of the trying events which had nearly overwhelmed it.

On one hand, I get it: Flora's had a tough week. On the other hand, shut the fuck up, Rymer.

The two grand feelings that seemed to possess her mind were fear of the renewed visits of the vampyre, and an earnest desire to release Charles Holland from his repeated vows of constancy towards her.

She's still holding up better than her brother Henry, who was constantly wailing about how the horror of having a sister bitten by a vampyre ancestor is driving him maaaaad. Flora's intellect seems to be working perfectly fine, however, as she weighs her love for Charles Holland vs. the depth of his suffering: "To link him to her fate, would be to make him to a real extent a sharer in it."

In the sense that he might have to watch her be staked, and grieve her death?

In the sense that she might become a vampyre and come after her nearest and dearest (i.e., him) first, as vampires were folklorically said to do?

In the sense that she might bear… tainted children?!

[And] the more she [had] heard fall from his lips in the way of generous feelings of continued attachment to her, the more severely did she feel that he would suffer most acutely if united to her. And she was right.

But they were going to have a romantic rendezvous to talk this out, right? Charles is now waiting for her in Bannerworth Hall's [overdescribed] flower garden, secluded from the main building,

and in its centre was a summer-house, which at the usual season of the year was covered with all kinds of creeping plants of exquisite perfumes, and rare beauty. All around, too, bloomed the fairest and sweetest of flowers, which a rich soil and a sheltered situation could produce.

Honestly, I had a long discussion/comparison of Flora to Stoker's Lucy Westenra here, and I feel like it needs to go take a nap and come back some other time as a separate post. But suffice it to say, I think wealth is an important factor in how pleasantly "sheltered" these two characters are: not to take anything away from their sweetness and purity of heart (this is where I start going on about how misunderstood Lucy is), but they can afford to be sweet and lovely and naive, if you see what I'm saying (and this is more apparent in Dracula, in comparison to Mina, her level head, and her professional skills). As much as we need to point out that Rymer is romanticizing whiteness (figuratively and literally), I think we also have to consider that he's romanticizing wealth—class—by going on and on about a family estate with a large, "sheltered," professionally-tended garden.

Rymer continues this metaphor by saying that the "more estimable Flora floral culture" has declined,

for the decayed fortunes of the family had prevented them from keeping the necessary servants, to place the Hall and its grounds in a state of neatness, such as it had once been the pride of the inhabitants of the place to see them. It was then in this flower-garden that Charles and Flora used to meet.

I SAID, THAT SHE MET ON THE CONTINENT AND HASN'T SEEN SINCE

Nonetheless, Charles Holland has arrived early to this garden of lies. He is ready to romance. "Aníron" plays softly in the distance.

A light sound, as of some fairy footstep among the flowers, came upon his ears, and turning instantly to the direction from whence the sound proceeded, he saw what his heart had previously assured him of, namely that it was his Flora that was coming.

Alas, the flower that to his mind was fairer than them all, was blighted, and in the wan cheek of her whom he loved, he sighed to see the lily usurping the place of the radiant rose.

Yes, it was she; but, ah, how pale, how wan -- how languid and full of the evidences of much mental suffering was she. Where now was the elasticity of that youthful step? Where now was that lustrous beaming beauty of mirthfulness, which was wont to dawn in those eyes? Alas, all was changed. The exquisite beauty of form was there, but the light of joy which had lent its most transcendent charms to that heavenly face, was gone.

There's a reason Rymer goes to such lengths to (also; additionally; is there anything he doesn't) romanticize Flora's ill health:

While tuberculosis has been traced back thousands of years (and is still considered a pandemic), it wasn't named as such until 1834. And because it wasn't identified as a single disease until the 1820s, it was often thought to be vampirism: blood would appear on a patient's lips, people around them would also sicken and die, and so on. The colloquial name for tuberculosis (as you probably know) was consumption, even: being consumed by something unseen, unto death.

But as the Dead Maidens article up there points out, tuberculosis was glamorized among the upper class (not the only class who came down with it, mind you). Tuberculosis, as diseases go, had more dignity than dysentery and cholera, and happened to exaggerate what people already considered to be attractive:

[Early] symptoms seemed to heighten already established beauty standards of the time, and a wealthy young woman could waste away for years before the horrible end came. In the meantime, poor circulation turned fair complexions ghastly white. The blue veins and translucent fragile skin were treated as a crystalline delicacy. The constant low fever kept the cheeks and lips flushed with a rosy hue and the eyes wide and watery. Patients would waste away growing ethereally thin.

Chicken or egg: Did tuberculosis underline existing beauty ideals, or was it a matter of people glamorizing what they saw happening around them anyway? Yes, I think, is the answer to that.

Meanwhile, the contagion ramped up through the 1700s and 1800s, and when you combine this with the increase in both literacy and affordable publishing during the Industrial Revolution, you get the first era, the pre-Dracula era, of Western vampire literature, starting with Lenore (1773) and The Bride of Corinth (1797). (Which were published after the 1750s Austrian Vampire Problem we talked about last time.) Meanwhile, in 2023, I wrote a gigantic digression about heroes coddling heroines as validation for readers who feel unvalidated and beauty as virtue that I am straight-up going to have to cut out and maybe post separately, because this recap is already way too long.

ANYWAY, MY DEAR FLORA, said Charles Holland,

"remember that there are warm hearts that love you. Remember that neither time nor circumstance can change such endearing affection as mine. [...] Wherefore, Flora, would you still the voice of pure affection? I love you surely, as few have ever loved."

I love this shit. I absolutely love stories where Our Hero (Gender Neutral) tells me the Reader Proxy, for several paragraphs, that they love her/him/them heart and mind and body and soul for all time unto the heat death of the universe. LOVE. THAT. SHIT.

No, cries Flora! We mustn't! (But we MUST!) I will not quote all of this scene to you, but suffice it to say that they argue over how Charles Holland's entire face would shout his love if his tongue didn't happen to show up at the office that day. He is not just words! He is action! No, you mustn't! BUT I MUST! Love it.

Notice, though, how you must not is not I do not want you to. A lot of older romance writing either doesn't care about consent (I know a number of current romance writers who do, very much much so), or it stays sort of muddled and unclear as to how much a heroine is really into it. This may be either in the spirit of dubcon or honestly, because characters in an era when they weren't supposed to touch (Charles and Flora are actually pretty handsy. Waist action happens) are kind of pushing the envelope by talking too much about it at all. Flora may really be saying, "Charles Holland, we mustn't speak of love at such agonizing length in a wholesome publication!" ("I mean, is a pamphlet that wholesome, it's not a real newspaper or anything...") "Well, it has to be reasonably decent! I have to at least blush and avert my maidenly eyes every couple of sentences! We should probably talk about God watching us at some point!" ("Like... watching us...?") ("NO!!!")

"I must not now hear this. Great God of Heaven give me strength to carry out the purpose of my soul. […] Charles, I know I cannot reason with you. I know I have not power of language, aptitude of illustration, nor depth of thought to hold a mental contention with you."

POINTS:

Flora needing strength to carry out her purpose—refusing Charles Holland—underlines that this is something she does not, in fact, want to do. While Charles Holland's persistence might be functionally indistinguishable from Dude Who Won't Take No For An Answer, here in a fictional context, we're given cues that Charles understands correctly that Flora is only trying to break up with him For His Own Good.

Compared to these frequent comments on Flora's allegedly weak intellect, can you see how "She has man’s brain [and] a woman's heart" is actually a fairly decent compliment to Mina Harker on Stoker's part?

Shut the fuck up, Rymer

Why not speak of love, demands Charles Holland?? We spoke of love 24/7 on the Continent! Whyfore not thereunto??

"I am changed, Charles. Fearfully changed. The curse of God has fallen upon me, I know not why. I know not that in word or in thought I have done evil, except perchance unwittingly, and yet -- the vampyre."

Charles Holland insists that there's got to be a rational explanation, because he is not actually the one who shot a vampyre in the face, nor has he been anyone's repast. To which Flora basically says, "WELL FIND ONE THEN." Saying which, she flings herself onto a seat in the summer-house (I'm imagining a gazebo here), and "covering her beautiful face with her hands, [sobs] compulsively." To hundreds of words of Charles Holland's dismay, Flora goes on to say that he should go find someone else, and "justice, religion, mercy -- every human attribute which bears the name of virtue" calls upon her to dump him. Which, again: if Flora really wanted to break up with him, she wouldn't be talking about all the external factors making her do it. There are several great breakup scenes in English-language literature of the 1800s from Pride and Prejudice onward, and this, on many levels, is not one of them. Charles Holland (and a reader used to this kind of writing) would pick up on that subtext. (Truly, I cannot emphasize enough that fiction is not real life. Don't presume to know what other people "really" mean IRL.) Thus, Charles Holland counters with the wonderful marshmallow romance goo:

"Well I know that gentle maiden modesty [that we need to have in this Reasonably Decent Publication] would seal your lips to the soft confession that you love me. I could not hope the joy of hearing you utter these words. The tender devoted lover is content to see the truthful passion in the speaking eyes of beauty. Content is he to translate it from a thousand acts, which, to eyes that look not so acutely as a lover's, bear no signification; but when you tell me to seek happiness with another, well may the anxious question burst from my throbbing heart of, 'Did you ever love me, Flora?'" Her senses hung entranced upon his words. Oh, what a witchery is in the tongue of love. Some even of the former colour of her cheek returned as, forgetting all for the moment but that she was listening to the voice of him, the thoughts of whom had made up the day dream of her happiness, she gazed upon his face. His voice ceased. To her it seemed as if some music had suddenly left off in its most exquisite passage. She clung to his arm -- she looked imploringly up to him. Her head sunk upon his breast as she cried, "Charles, Charles, I did love you. I do love you now." "Then let sorrow and misfortune shake their grisly locks in vain," he cried. "Heart to heart -- hand to hand with me, defy them."

Their... gory hair? ANYWAY WE DEFY THE FATES, BELOVED! OUR LOVE CONQUERS ALL! WE CARE-BEAR STARE AT DESTINY, FLORA! Good hustle, that's what I wanna hear.

He lifted up his arms towards Heaven as he spoke, and at the moment came such a rattling peal of thunder, that the very earth seemed to shake upon its axis. [Flora screams and there is extensive discussion of how scary it is.] Another peal, of almost equal intensity to the other, shook the firmament. Flora trembled.

Gonna be honest, I thought for a moment that Varney was falling off a wall again. Flora declares that this is the Voice of Heaven insisting that they break up forever, but Charles Holland insists that

"The sunshine of joy will shine on you again." There was a small break in the clouds, like a window looking into Heaven. From it streamed one beam of sunlight, so bright, so dazzling, and so beautiful, that it was a sight of wonder to look upon. It fell upon the face of Flora; it warmed her cheek; it lent lustre to her pale lips and tearful eyes; it illuminated that little summer-house as if it had been the shrine of some saint.

Here we go again, let's note, with the insistence that Flora is intrinsically pure. How you like them omens? Now this, this is a promise of God, and yea, a dove with an olive branch probably flies through a rainbow somewhere over the house. Back in the day, I took a graduate class on (American, mid-1800s) sentimental literature, which my professor characterized as "weepin' and prayin'." A certain kind of Protestant piety runs deep through these texts—not just the American ones—and appears as a default mindset in a lot of 19th-century literature:

Most of the high profile female writers of this period were committed Christians. The Broad Church Brontës, the Unitarian Mrs Gaskell and the systematically unconventional Emily Dickinson made much use of their faith in their work. So did George Eliot, supersaturated with a religion in which she no longer believed, yet an accomplished theologian. The male writers were often committed believers too, despite the apparently worldly outlook of many, including apparently cynical Thackeray and robustly conventional Trollope. Throughout Victoria's reign, religious controversy simmers, not only among journalists but poets and novelists too. These Christian turf wars are sometimes edited out of readings of Victorian texts because they might not feel relevant to modern studies. Marianne Thormählen in The Brontës and Religion sees it differently: ‘The Christian life is a foreign country to most people today and I believe it serves some purpose to be reminded that to the Brontës it was home.’

The flip side of this is that vampire fiction tends to bring in a Catholic Christian vibe: no matter what denomination anyone was before the fangs came out, let's throw holy water and a wafer at the problem. But in the meantime!

She allowed him to clasp her to his heart. It was beating for her, and for her only. [...] "Charles, we will live, love, and die together."

In "a wrapt stillness" and "a trance of joy," they stare at each other and smile and nearly cry for a good long while, which is very sweet. BUT THEN!

A shriek burst from Flora's lips -- as shriek so wild and shrill that it awakened echoes far and near. Charles staggered back a step, as if shot, and then in such agonised accents as he was long indeed in banishing the remembrance of, she cried, -- "The vampyre! the vampyre!"

Yeah, that's the chapter. You might recall that Sir Francis the Vampyre expressed hopes of courting Flora, so this is gonna get interesting.

Varney the Vampire masterpost

#varney the vampire #vampires #vampire studies #long post #recaps #tuberculosis #epidemics #beauty

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dear-indies · 3 months

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full list of biden letter 2:

Aaron Bay-Schuck Aaron Sorkin Adam & Jackie Sandler Adam Goodman Adam Levine Alan Grubman Alex Aja Alex Edelman Alexandra Shiva Ali Wentworth Alison Statter Allan Loeb Alona Tal Amy Chozick Amy Pascal Amy Schumer Amy Sherman Palladino Andrew Singer Andy Cohen Angela Robinson Anthony Russo Antonio Campos Ari Dayan Ari Greenburg Arik Kneller Aron Coleite Ashley Levinson Asif Satchu Aubrey Plaza Barbara Hershey Barry Diller Barry Levinson Barry Rosenstein Beau Flynn Behati Prinsloo Bella Thorne Ben Stiller Ben Turner Ben Winston Ben Younger Billy Crystal Blair Kohan Bob Odenkirk Bobbi Brown Bobby Kotick Brad Falchuk Brad Slater Bradley Cooper Bradley Fischer Brett Gelman Brian Grazer Bridget Everett Brooke Shields Bruna Papandrea Cameron Curtis Casey Neistat Cazzie David

Charles Roven Chelsea Handler Chloe Fineman Chris Fischer Chris Jericho Chris Rock Christian Carino Cindi Berger Claire Coffee Colleen Camp Constance Wu Courteney Cox Craig Silverstein Dame Maureen Lipman Dan Aloni Dan Rosenweig Dana Goldberg Dana Klein Daniel Palladino Danielle Bernstein Danny Cohen Danny Strong Daphne Kastner David Alan Grier David Baddiel David Bernad David Chang David Ellison David Geffen David Gilmour & David Goodman David Joseph David Kohan David Lowery David Oyelowo David Schwimmer Dawn Porter Dean Cain Deborah Lee Furness Deborah Snyder Debra Messing Diane Von Furstenberg Donny Deutsch Doug Liman Douglas Chabbott Eddy Kitsis Edgar Ramirez Eli Roth Elisabeth Shue Elizabeth Himelstein Embeth Davidtz Emma Seligman Emmanuelle Chriqui Eric Andre Erik Feig Erin Foster Eugene Levy Evan Jonigkeit Evan Winiker Ewan McGregor Francis Benhamou Francis Lawrence Fred Raskin Gabe Turner Gail Berman Gal Gadot Gary Barber Gene Stupinski Genevieve Angelson Gideon Raff Gina Gershon Grant Singer Greg Berlanti Guy Nattiv Guy Oseary Gwyneth Paltrow Hannah Fidell Hannah Graf Harlan Coben Harold Brown Harvey Keitel Henrietta Conrad Henry Winkler Holland Taylor Howard Gordon Iain Morris Imran Ahmed Inbar Lavi Isla Fisher Jack Black Jackie Sandler Jake Graf Jake Kasdan James Brolin James Corden Jamie Ray Newman Jaron Varsano Jason Biggs & Jenny Mollen Biggs Jason Blum Jason Fuchs Jason Reitman Jason Segel Jason Sudeikis JD Lifshitz Jeff Goldblum Jeff Rake Jen Joel Jeremy Piven Jerry Seinfeld Jesse Itzler Jesse Plemons Jesse Sisgold Jessica Biel Jessica Elbaum Jessica Seinfeld Jill Littman Jimmy Carr Jody Gerson

Joe Hipps Joe Quinn Joe Russo Joe Tippett Joel Fields Joey King John Landgraf John Slattery Jon Bernthal Jon Glickman Jon Hamm Jon Liebman Jonathan Baruch Jonathan Groff Jonathan Marc Sherman Jonathan Ross Jonathan Steinberg Jonathan Tisch Jonathan Tropper Jordan Peele Josh Brolin Josh Charles Josh Goldstine Josh Greenstein Josh Grode Judd Apatow Judge Judy Sheindlin Julia Garner Julia Lester Julianna Margulies Julie Greenwald Julie Rudd Juliette Lewis Justin Theroux Justin Timberlake Karen Pollock Karlie Kloss Katy Perry Kelley Lynch Kevin Kane Kevin Zegers Kirsten Dunst Kitao Sakurai KJ Steinberg Kristen Schaal Kristin Chenoweth Lana Del Rey Laura Dern Laura Pradelska Lauren Schuker Blum Laurence Mark Laurie David Lea Michele Lee Eisenberg Leo Pearlman Leslie Siebert Liev Schreiber Limor Gott Lina Esco Liz Garbus Lizanne Rosenstein Lizzie Tisch Lorraine Schwartz Lynn Harris Lyor Cohen Madonna Mandana Dayani Mara Buxbaum Marc Webb Marco Perego Maria Dizzia Mark Feuerstein Mark Foster Mark Scheinberg Mark Shedletsky Martin Short Mary Elizabeth Winstead Mathew Rosengart Matt Lucas Matt Miller Matthew Bronfman Matthew Hiltzik Matthew Weiner Matti Leshem Max Mutchnik Maya Lasry Meaghan Oppenheimer Melissa Zukerman Michael Aloni Michael Ellenberg Michael Green Michael Rapino Michael Rappaport Michael Weber Michelle Williams Mike Medavoy Mila Kunis Mimi Leder Modi Wiczyk Molly Shannon Nancy Josephson Natasha Leggero

Neil Blair Neil Druckmann Nicola Peltz Nicole Avant Nina Jacobson Noa Kirel Noa Tishby Noah Oppenheim Noah Schnapp Noreena Hertz Odeya Rush Olivia Wilde Oran Zegman Orlando Bloom Pasha Kovalev Pattie LuPone Paul & Julie Rudd Paul Haas Paul Pflug Peter Traugott Polly Sampson Rachel Riley Rafi Marmor Ram Bergman Raphael Margulies Rebecca Angelo Rebecca Mall Regina Spektor Reinaldo Marcus Green Rich Statter Richard Jenkins Richard Kind Rick Hoffman Rick Rosen Rita Ora Rob Rinder Robert Newman Roger Birnbaum Roger Green Rosie O’Donnell Ross Duffer Ryan Feldman Sacha Baron Cohen Sam Levinson Sam Trammell Sara Foster Sarah Baker Sarah Bremner Sarah Cooper Sarah Paulson Sarah Treem Scott Braun Scott Braun Scott Neustadter Scott Tenley Sean Combs Seth Meyers Seth Oster Shannon Watts Shari Redstone Sharon Jackson Sharon Stone Shauna Perlman Shawn Levy Sheila Nevins Shira Haas Simon Sebag Montefiore Simon Tikhman Skylar Astin Stacey Snider Stephen Fry Steve Agee Steve Rifkind Sting & Trudie Styler Susanna Felleman Susie Arons Taika Waititi Thomas Kail Tiffany Haddish Todd Lieberman Todd Moscowitz Todd Waldman Tom Freston Tom Werner Tomer Capone Tracy Ann Oberman Trudie Styler Tyler James Williams Tyler Perry Vanessa Bayer Veronica Grazer Veronica Smiley Whitney Wolfe Herd

Will Ferrell Will Graham Yamanieka Saunders Yariv Milchan Ynon Kreiz Zack Snyder Zoe Saldana Zoey Deutch Zosia Mamet

#fc help #rph #rpt #banned fc #zionist fc

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isadomna · 3 months

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Isabel of Castile, First Duchess of York

Isabel was the third of four children of King Pedro I, also known as Pedro the Cruel, who ruled the Crown of Castile from 1350. Her mother was the vivacious and intelligent Maria de Padilla, often described as Pedro's mistress. In 1361, when Isabel was only six, her mother died. The following year, Pedro declared that he and Maria had been lawfully married before he was forced to espouse his estranged French wife, Blanche of Bourbon, who was by then also dead, some said murdered by her husband. His claim of an earlier marriage was subsequently endorsed by the Cortes, thus legitimising Pedro's children by Maria. Pedro was killed by his illegitimate half-brother and deadly enemy Enrique of Trastámara in March 1369. Trastámara became King Enrique II of Castile.

Isabel accompanied her elder sister Constanza to England, and married Edmund of Langley, son of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault, in 1472 at Wallingford, as part of a dynastic alliance in furtherance of the Plantagenet claim to the crown of Castile. Isabel was only 16 or 17 to Edmund’s 31, and brought him no lands or income or even the promise of such because her sister Constanza – who married Edmund’s elder brother John of Gaunt as his second wife – was their father’s heir. John and Constanza spent many years trying unsuccessfully to claim her late father’s throne from her illegitimate half-uncle Enrique of Trastamara, while Edmund and Isabel were required to give up any claims to the kingdom of Castile and were not compensated.

As a result of her marriage, Isabel became the first of a total of eleven women who became Duchess of York. She was appointed a Lady of the Garter in 1379. In their twenty years of marriage, the Duke and Duchess of York had three children:

Edward of Norwich, Duke of York

Constance

Richard of Conisburgh, Earl of Cambridge

Contemporary sources suggest that Edmund and Isabel were an ill-matched pair and their relationship was a rocky one, with Isabel accused of having an affair with John Holland, Duke of Exeter and half-brother to Richard II. The affair is believed to have started as early as 1374 and likely continued for a decade. As a result of her indiscretions, Isabel left behind a tarnished reputation. The chronicler Thomas Walsingham considered her to have somewhat loose morals.

John Holland has also been suggested as the real father of Isabel’s youngest son, Richard of Conisburgh, who was the grandfather of Edward IV and Richard III. The fact that his father Edmund of Langley and brother Edward, both, left him out of their wills has fuelled this theory. However, leaving a son out of your will was not entirely unusual, and Richard had died when his brother made his will.

Isabel of Castile died in December 1392 at the age of about 37 and was buried at Langley Priory in Hertfordshire. In her will, Isabel left items and gifts of money to close relatives by blood or marriage, and to numerous servants of hers, men and women. Isabel referred to Edmund of Langley as her "very honoured lord and husband of York", and left him all her horses, all her beds including the cushions, bedspreads, canopies and everything else that went with them, her best brooch, her best gold cup, and her "large primer". Isabel named King Richard II as her heir, requesting him to grant her younger son, Richard, an annuity of 500 marks. Isabel left nothing at all to her older sister Constanza, duchess of Lancaster, and failed even to mention her. Isabel doesn't forget John Holland in her will, at this time married to Elizabeth of Lancaster, John of Gaunt's daughter.

About 11 months later her widower married Joan Holland, niece of Isabel's supposed lover, John Holland. In another bizarre family twist, it was Joan’s brother, Edmund Holland, Earl of Kent, who had an affair – and an illegitimate daughter – with Constance of York, the daughter of Edmund and Isabel. In Edmund’s own will of 1400 he requested burial ‘near my beloved Isabele, formerly my consort.’ Despite Isabel of Castile's bad reputation and supposedly having been involved in a court scandal that humiliated her husband, Edmund seems to have felt great affection for her as demonstrated by his willingness to rest eternally with Isabel and not with his second wife.

Source:

#Isabel of Castile #Edmund of Langley #Duchess of York #Duke of York #women in history #english history #spanish history

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castlesrp · 2 months

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Face Claim List

Below the cut, you will find our list of face claims featured on our canon list. Enjoy this sneak peak at what is coming your way when the canon lists start being released this week!

FC List:

Abigail Cowen Aishwarya Rai Bachchan Amita Suman Amy Adams Ana de Armas André De Shields Andrew Garfield Angela Bassett Anna Kendrick Anne Hathaway Anthony Anderson Anthony Mackie Anya Chalotra Anya Taylor Joy Aja Naomi King Avan Jogia Avantika Audra McDonald Austin Butler Beanie Feldstein Ben Barnes Beyoncé BD Wong Bette Midler Caleb McLaughlin Camila Mendes Catherine O'Hara Charles Melton Chiwetel Ejiofor Chloe Bennet Chloe Bailey Christina Hendricks Christina Nadin Chrissy Metz Cody Christian Constance Wu Courtney Eaton Dakota Johnson Danai Gurira Daniel Ezra Daniel Wu Danny Trejo David Harbour Deepika Padukone Denzel Washington Dev Patel Diana Silvers Diane Keaton Dianna Agron Dove Cameron Dylan O'Brien Eddie Redmayne Eiza González Emily Alyn Lind Eva Longoria Ewan McGregor Fan Bingbing Felix Mallard Florence Pugh Froy Gutierrez Gabrielle Union Gemma Chan George Takei Gillian Anderson Gina Rodriguez Gina Torres Hailee Steinfeld Halle Bailey Harrison Ford Harry Shum JR Harry Styles Henry Cavill Hero Fiennes Tiffin Hunter Schafer Hugh Jackman Idris Elba J. Cameron-Smith Jacob Artist Jacob Elordi Jameela Jamil James McAvoy Jamie Chung Jamie Lee Curtis Jasmin Savoy Brown Jason Momoa Jason Sudekis Jean Smart Jeff Goldblum Jeffrey Wright Jenna Ortega Jensen Ackles Jesse Williams Jessica Chastain JK Simmons Joe Locke John Boyega John Cho John Krasinski Jon Hamm Jonathan Bailey Jordan Connor Jordan Peele Julianne Moore Justice Smith Kate Winslet Kathryn Hahn Kathryn Newton Keanu Reeves Keith Powers Keke Palmer Kerry Washington Kit Connor [1] Kit Connor [2] KJ Apa Kristen Bell Kumail Nanjiani Lana Condor Laura Harrier Lauren Ridloff Leonardo DiCaprio Letita Wright Lili Reinhart Liv Hewson Logan Browning Logan Lerman Loretta Devine Lupita Nyong'o Mädchen Amick Madelyn Cline Madison Bailey Mahershala Ali Manny Jacinto Manny Montana Margot Robbie Mark Consuelos Mark Hamill Mario Lopez Mason Gooding Maude Apatow Megan thee Stallion Melanie Lynskey Melissa Barrera Michael Cimino Michael Evans Behling Michael Fassbender Michael Peña Michael Shannon Michelle Yeoh Morgan Freeman Naomi Scott Natalia Dyer Natasha Liu Bordizzo Nina Dobrev Noah Centineo Normani Octavia Spencer Olivia Coleman Olivia Rodrigo Oscar Isaac Paul Rudd Pedro Pascal Phoebe Deynover Phoebe Tonkin Phylicia Rashad Priyanka Chopra Rachel Weisz Rachel Zegler Rahul Kohli Reese Witherspoon Regé-Jean Page Renee Rapp [1] Renee Rapp [2] Riz Ahmed Robert Pattinson Robert Downey JR Rome Flynn Rosamund Pike Rose Byrne Rudy Pankow Ryan Gosling Ryan Guzman Ryan Reynolds Sadie Sink Sam Claflin Samantha Logan Samara Weaving Sandra Bullock Sandra Oh Sara Ramirez Sarah Jeffrey Sarah Paulson Sebastian Stan Selena Gomez Sigourney Weaver Simu Liu Shawn Mendes Skeet Ulrich Sophia Ali Sophia Bush Sophie Turner Sonam Kapoor Sophie Thatcher Sterling K. Brown Steve Martin Steven Yeun Storm Reid Sydney Sweeney [1] Sydney Sweeney [2] Taika Waititi Tati Gabrielle Taraji P. Henson Taron Egerton Taye Diggs Taylor Zakhar Perez Ted Danson Timothée Chalamet Thomas Doherty Tom Blyth Tom Ellis Tom Hardy Tom Holland Tony Goldwyn Tyler James Williams Tyler Posey Uzo Adubo Victoria Pedretti Viola Davis Whoopi Goldberg Wolfgang Novogratz Will Smith Willem Dafoe William Jackson Harper Winona Ryder Winston Duke Yasmin Finney Zayn Malik Zendaya Zoey Deutch

#jcink rp #jcink roleplay #roleplay #rp #jcink #updates #canons

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claudehenrion · 5 months

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Le Gorafi

Le Figaro d'hier (le jeudi 16 novembre 2023) étalait fièrement, sur sa première page, un titre qui m'a presque donné la nausée : ''Ces mineurs qui basculent dans le terrorisme islamique'', avec une suite du même tonneau : ''Depuis le mois de janvier, plus de la moitié des mis en cause dans de telles affaires (NDLR - en français : le terrorisme islamique, et rien d'autre) ont moins de 18 ans. Si ce phénomène (même ''traduction'') remonte au début des années 2010, il s'accentue et inquiète les spécialistes''. Cette logorrhée est consternante !

Osons une expression dite populaire : ''Faut oser, tout de même'' ! Car pas un seul mot de cette fausse philippique n'est acceptable. D'abord et par définition, les ânes bâtés qui découvrent aujourd'hui cette situation ne peuvent en aucun cas prétendre au titre de ''spécialistes'' : tout cela était visible depuis dix ou quinze ans, et nous étions un nombre certain à le répéter à longueur d'écrit ou de parole publique (Rien qu'en ce qui me concerne, moi qui suis une goutte d'eau, je tiens à la disposition de qui le voudrait les nombreuses ''mises en garde'' que j'ai publiées dans pas mal de périodiques puis sur ce Blog, et que j'ai répétées à l'envi dans encore plus de conférences dans de nombreux cercles, depuis des décennies et devant des auditoires très variés...

Avant d'aller plus loin, il faut insister sur une idée-force qui est devenue un descriptif des temps actuels : personne n'a le droit de dire ''On ne savait pas'' : c'est refuser de voir le nez au milieu de la figure. (NDLR – vous me direz que entre le covid, l'Ukraine et le Moyen Orient, on sait ce que camoufle souvent le mot spécialiste ou expert : le vide, le néant... ou la désinformation !).

Quant au reste de cette bouleversante ''breaking news''... je ne sais pas s'il faut penser à un gag, à du ''foutage de gueules'', à un étalage de bêtise concentrée, ou à un aveuglement systémique... Mais réveillez-vous, ô membres de la con-frérie (je ne peut me résoudre à ne pas écrire ça en deux mots !) des journalistes myopissimes (ou ''de gauche'', c'est la même chose) ! Tout le monde sait ça (aux variantes près : devrait savoir/ fait semblant de ne pas savoir / veut absolument oublier / sait, mais déteste l'idée... etc !) : le temps, par notre faute, joue en faveur de ce basculement de la normalité vers l'anormalité, de la raison vers la folie et, en fin de compte, de la vie vers l'islamisme...

Cela fait des décennies que des esprits malfaisants tentent de nous persuader que nous devrions avoir honte d'être ''blancs'' (ce seul critère étant la preuve, ressassent-ils, de notre culpabilité ontologique, de notre racisme congénital -c'est un comble !- et de notre islamophobie chronique). Au début de cette mode mortifère, sous Chirac par exemple, c'était ''à bas bruit'', comme ils disent (NB – il faut reconnaître que c'est une des rares mauvaises idées que Mitterrand n'ait pas mise en œuvre). Sous Sarkozy, la France a semblé faire une courte cure de bon sens, mais avec le retour de l'idéologie de gauche, Hollande a pu s'en donner à cœur joie, et la présence au gouvernement de 2 ou 3 ministresses vraiment mal intentionnées envers la France a accéléré le mouvement... qui a acquis ses lettres de noblesse avec Macron. Là, ce n'était plus des ministres, c'était le chef suprême, qui donne le ''LA'' !

Et il faut reconnaître à notre Président de la constance pour décrire une France (a)- nulle(elle n'aurait, d'après lui, même pas de culture, seule nation au monde à être dans ce cas !), (b)- coupable, car la colonisation serait un ''crime contre l'humanité'' (sic ! Il faut lui acheter des livres sur la Shoah, sur le goulag, sur le lao-gaî, sur les tortures du FLN, sur Daesh et l'EI, sur les khmers rouges, sur le sort de nos pauvres Harkis, etc...), (c)- et des français ''gaulois réfractaires''(sous-entendu : à ce qu'il imagine être le progrès, qui n'est que la perte de l'âme), et paresseux (ils seraient même incapables de traverser la rue !)... Bref, un peuple auquel personne n'aurait envie de s'identifier, dans un pays qui n'est que vices, mensonges, erreurs, vols, tortures, abus, fautes, et décadence, ontologique elle aussi...

Au lieu de s'étonner (et, pour les occupants de nos palais nationaux, de ''péter'' de trouille –pardon, mais c'est le seul mot qui me vient devant leurs réactions tremblotantes face au mot ''islam'' qu'ils n'osent même plus prononcer-- sur l'évolution structurellement anti-française d'une partie (en augmentation constante, mais ça non plus, il ne faut pas le dire) de la jeunesse d'origine ''arabe'', qui vit dans des enclaves où c'est la Charia'a qui est la seule loi et où ''la République'' ne s'aventure plus tout en affirmant le contraire, nos dirigeants feraient bien mieux –(1)- de faire leur mea culpa(eux seuls, avec leurs mensonges éhontés, sont responsables de la situation qu'ils déplorent) et (2)- de changer de discours et de se mettre enfin à dire la vérité : pas plus qu'on n'attrape les mouches avec du vinaigre, on ne fera aimer la France en la rendant –et mensongèrement, en plus-- détestable.

Or –on doit le déplorer-- le jeu favori de notre Président semble être d'aller critiquer la France, son œuvre magnifique, et les français, dans les diverses capitales de nos ex-colonies, et à Alger tout particulièrement, où les enragés boivent du petit lait... alors que aucun de ces pays n'avait existé avant notre présence et qu'aucun n'aurait jamais existé sans elle... et qu'ils nous le reprochent aujourd'hui. Il semble adorer taper sur l’œuvre grandiose de nos colonisateurs, ces véritables géants d'une véritable épopée : la construction ex nihilo de dizaines de pays, de sentiment patriotique créé de la main du colonisateur, de drapeaux et d'hymnes nationaux (un exemple qui me touche au cœur : le An-našid Al-waṭani, l'hymne national marocain (= le berceau des hommes libres. Tout un programme !), a été composé par le capitaine Léo Morgan, chef de musique de la ''Garde noire'' du sultan, sur ordre du Maréchal Lyautey lui-même)... ''Crime contre l'humanité'', avez-vous dit, Monsieur le Président ? Mais qu'est-ce qui peut vous faire inventer de tels bobards, grands dieux ?

Car il ne faudrait pas, non plus, oublier les hôpitaux, les routes, les infrastructures, les écoles, les aéroports, les dispensaires, le niveau de vie des populations, l'arrêt brutal d'un esclavage endémique... et l'industrialisation (exemple : les statuts de toutes les grandes sociétés qui ont permis au Maroc moderne d'être ce qu'il est –chemin de fer, autocars, phosphates (premier pays au monde, ''Excusez du peu'' !), etc--... ont été rédigés par mon Père, premier notaire du Maroc et ami de Lyautey, et n'ont pas été changés depuis !). Tu parles d'un ''crime contre l'humanité'' !

Ah ! Si on veut chercher la petite bête, on va pouvoir effectivement trouver des exactions, des brutalités, des malversations... mais en quantités guère supérieures à ce que pratiquent, en permanence, le reste de l'humanité et la France, de plus en plus mal classée en ce qui concerne les atteintes aux personnes et la corruption ! Il était cent fois moins dangereux pour un ''colonisé'' de se promener dans son pays soumis à la Pax franca qu'il ne l'est à un ''blanc'' de se balader dans n'importe lequel des quartiers ''libérés'' de notre férule –à les en croire.

La question suivante est, évidemment : ''Au nom de quoi l'entreprise coloniale devrait-elle être la seule occupation humaine à ne pas connaître le péché ?''. On se demande où nos énarques, dont l'inculture abyssale –et même encore plus sale que ça, si j'ose ce mauvais jeu de mots-- est tellement biaisée à gauche, ont pu trouver les bobards qui forment la relecture malhonnête de l'histoire qu'ils nous imposent... et qui ne peut nous mener –et l'Europe, voire le monde, avec nous--, qu'à une ''méga cata'' de taille XXL... vers laquelle nous sommes en route, hélas !

Et le Figaro, décidément digne de son pastiche le Gorafi, de s'étonner de découvrir, avec un petit demi-siècle de retard, une des conséquences ''énièmes'' d'un drame qu'il a largement co-contribué à fabriquer en ne hurlant pas d'horreur à chacun des dérapages volontaires de nos nuls... qui refusent, encore et toujours, de désigner nos ennemis par leur nom et nos perspectives –sombres, toutes-- comme elles devraient l'être. Pour rester dans le langage parlé ''on est mal barrés'' !

H-Cl.

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wishesofeternity · 9 months

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Constance, daughter of Edmund of Langley (Constance of York), was well-suited for a life with the Despensers. After Thomas's execution in 1400, she received goods and chattels worth £200, plus land worth a thousand marks annually as maintenance. At some point in the next four years Constance had a daughter, Eleanor, by Edmund Holland, earl of Kent, with whom - in Wylie's words - she was 'living in concubinage'. In February 1405 she became entangled in a Ricardian plot to bring down the Lancastrian regime, masterminded by her brother, (Edward) duke of York. Constance abducted the young Mortimer heirs at Windsor - it was they who had greatest claim to Richard II's throne in 1399 - and set out for Wales, presumably intending to link with the boys' father, an ally of the Welsh freedom-fighter Owain Glyn Dwr. However, the plot failed when they were captured at Cheltenham, and Constance was imprisoned in Kenilworth Castle. She appeared before the king's council accused of treason: the Chronicle of London recorded how ‘they seyden that the eldere chyld was trewe kyng.’ The Despenser lands were declared confiscate, although restored the following year. In essence, the plot was a failure, although it provides a fascinating insight into Constance's life after her husband's death. Perhaps most ironic of all was that a Despenser should have been attempting to place a Mortimer on the throne.

- Martyn John Lawrence, “Power, Ambition and Political Rehabilitation - the Despensers”

#historicwomendaily #history #constance of york #thomas le despenser #english history #15th century #despensers #kinda

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researchgate · 7 months

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Super random question, but is there like an actual history about how the kippah (the piece of clothing itself not the meaning) developed, because so far I've kinda headcanon'd it came from balding men wanting to protect their bald spot from the sun. It also always seems so flimsy, how are guys not losing it all the time?

Bfhdhdjdjsjs your headcanon is A++.

Tbh, I had to look it up, since despite thinking about it when I was younger, I never bothered to look it up. According to Jewish encyclopedia, through Wikipedia,

The Israelites might have worn a headdress similar to that worn by the Bedouins, but it is unknown whether a fixed type of headdress was used. That the headdress of the Israelites might have been in the fellah style may be inferred from the use of the noun צַנִיף, tzanif (the verb tzanaf meaning "to roll like a ball", Isaiah 22:18) and by the verb חַבָּש, habash ("to wind", compare Ezekiel 16:10; Jonah 2:6). As to the form of such turbans, nothing is known, and they may have varied according to the different classes of society. This was customary with the Assyrians and Babylonians, for example, whose fashions likely influenced the costume of the Israelites—particularly during and after the Babylonian Exile.[42] [...]

I imagine that, at the beginning, it was meant to protect the skin from the sun's heat, like the Bedouin used it, and given what is customary within Babylonian and Assyrian societies, it probably had also a role in distinguishing your social class (which is still sort of a thing! For insurance, in general black kippahs are a staple of Haredi Jews). That being said, on the Assyrian stelees Jews are not shown to wear any kind of head dress, which might mean they weren't in vogue during that time (or that the one making the stelee got lazy 🦥).

Now, as for the change into a skullcap, I imagine it was a change in fashion, which stuck for the longest and thus became the norm, yet it still differs among different Jewish communities:

The Black Velvet Kippahs are, as I said, of the ultraorthodox Jews, and even they have variation: See how one has a rim and one doesn't.

Haredi children might also have velvet Kippahs with embroidery or other colors such as navy blue.

Yemenite Kippahs tend to have a dark color and embroidery at the bottom, while there are also knitted Kippahs used by less orthodox factions of Judaism, and they come in many colors and many designs.

In other words, it's either a community thing (think breslov, bukharan Jews, and haredim) and/or a fashion thing (think suede and crochedet Kippahs used by reform and modern Orthodox Jews).

A good guide for this sort of thing is this the following image, which shows a series of changes of Jewish male headdress

Jewish Head-Dress at Various Periods.1, 2. England (13th cent.). 3-5. Germany (13th cent.). 6-8. France (13th cent.). 9. Rhine Provinces (13th cent.). 10. Constance (1417). 11. Holland (15th cent.). 12. Italy (15th cent.). 13, 14. Germany (15th cent.). 15-17. Rhine Provinces (15th cent.). 18, 19. Worms (16th cent.). 20. Germany (16th cent.). 21. Worms: "Judenbischof" (17th cent.). 22. Swabia (17th cent.). 23. Frankfort-on-the-Main (1630). 24, 25. Poland (1765). 26, 27. Warsaw (1825). 28. Cracow (17th to 18th cent.). 29. Podolia (1750). 30. Tunis (1800). 31. Morocco (1800). 32. Moravia (1800). 33. Russia (modern). 34. Caucasus (modern). 35. Russia: Karaite (modern). 36, 37. Tunis (modern). 38. Russia: "Yarmulka" (modern). 39. England: rabbinical (modern).

As you can see, the headdress changed a LOT until it reached today's look, which is probably a product of changes in fashion, price of fabric, and probably also emancipation etc. and the desire to blend in better into gentile societies.

Then again, I'm no expert so I might be spewing nonsense XD.

Anyway, I hope this was helpful to some degree!!

#m:jewish #asks #anonymous #m:kippah

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dncinginthemccnlight · 7 months

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Closed starter: Constance Seymour and Valencia Holland (@frvgcleternty)

Constance looked at the beautiful Dutch princess and her eyes flashed; she wanted to be angry at her for the way Valencia was breaking her brother's heart, but her brother had admitted that the marriage was partly his idea. Who then was to blame for the unhappiness when status mattered so much more than love. Constance had spoken with Valencia before she'd known what the princess meant to Alistair, but now, she knew exactly Valencia's reasons for approaching her. This time, Constance was the one to approach. "I hear congratulations are in order Princess Valencia. My brother told me that you are engaged to be married, to the Prussian king no less." Though she smiled at Valencia, she had no way to make it reach her eyes; she could not pretend when her brother felt such pain.

#constance interaction #constance and valencia

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prettymvgic · 26 days

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my muses ; this is temporary until i figure out how to make things mobile friendly !

FEMALES : poppy : age unknown, pixie, currently captive by a vampire - madelaine petsch. kiana murphy : 22, college student, waitress - samantha logan. kimberly vaughn : 24, 1990's - young!julia roberts. olivia harrington: 22, college student - grace van dien. robyn bailey : 29, model & influencer - laura harrier. sidney prescott : 17-22, scream 1-3 - neve campbell. samantha palmer : 18-23, hs student/college student - katherine langford. marianne parker : 55, ranger wife - diane lane. katherine foster : 42, conwoman - anne hathaway. andrea "annie" bennett : 41, inn owner & keeper, starting over - bethany joy lenz. mercedes hart: 27, influencer & industry plant, upcoming musical artist - ryan destiny. bristol harper : 35, online jewelry store owner, mother to two - hilary duff. evangelina constance : 48, owner of a cult - carla gugino. allison barnes : 38, former nurse now surviving the apocalypse - lauren cohen. lacey thomas : 18-20, college student - nicole wallace. seline castillo : 33, owner of flattop bar & grill, more info upon request - vanessa hudgens. cassandra foxx : better known in her world as ALASKA, 30, sugar baby/escort, more info upon request - vanessa hudgens. marzia vadala : 34, italian, jewelry store owner - phoebe tonkin. gianna ortiz : 34, spanish, receptionist for a corportation - ana de armas. mariana ruiz : 19-22, spanish, hs or college student - alexa demie. holland st. clair : 25, model trying to get her debut, trans-female - hunter schafer. angeline swanson : 23, pornstar - sabrina carpenter. first last : 40, prosecutor - kerry washington.

MALES : marshall "the judge" owens : 49, apocalyptic cult member - andrew lincoln. jude mitchell : 34, lives in an apartment in nyc, struggling artist - andrew garfield. david bascom : 26, 1950's, closeted homosexual - harry styles. casey theriot : 27, nomad. - tom holland. pak dae-hyun : 23, idol struggling with fame - junkook. patrick galloway : 29, blackballed actor starting over - nicholas galitzine. choi minho, 25, establishing actor, mostly indie films waiting for his break - kim jiwoong ( aki. ) hak su-jin : 31, book store / cafe manager in seoul - woo do-hwan. kai kahinu : 19, younger brother to zane, new zealand native, maori - matthew sato. wihan chen : 24, indie musician - first kanaphan puitrakul. ( tashi. ) felix maynard : 30, owner of tart & thyme restaurant, chef - will poulter. caskey dallas : 18-23, outcast, more info upon request - cole sprouse. robin sallow : 28, manager of off beat records, more info upon request - thomas doherty. jesse dylan : 18-30 ( 1985 - 1997 ), teen/convict, more info upon request - dacre montgomery. dean maddox : 22, college student, more info upon request - hero fiennes tiffin. simon parker : 29, lead singer & guitar player of killin' time, more info upon request - joe keery. maverick reed : 26, fisherman's son - rudy pankow. hwan van : 26, mechanic - cha eun-woo choi daehyun : 20, idol, au!fae - felix lee. trevor elliot : 24, college, indie musician, au!fame - felix mallard. kim hanuel : 26, ceo- yeo jin-goo. andrew baker : 19, homeless. - brandon flynn. casper cromwell : forever 20, ghostboy haunting a house. - louis patridge.

THEYS : zane kahinu, 22, older sibling to kai, new zealand native, maori - zoe terakes.

#prettymvgic #my muses #* & ooc : cici rambles

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sophieswundergarten · 10 months

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Ahem.

An analysis of that TPJ scene where Reynie fully chucks the radio out the window without consulting the team because he's panicking slightly, because I completely forgot that happened and now it won't leave my brain

So, quick recap: The kids have gotten off the Shortcut and made it to the train station, figuring out the clues and boarding a train to Thernbaakagen, Holland. Cannonball had left them earlier to deal with an emergency with the ship, and gave Kate his radio so the kids could contact them if something happened. Reynie is incredibly suspicious of Captain Noland, and thinking that it's possible he has ulterior motives/thinks he's doing the right thing but isn't/is in the middle of flat-out betraying them/etc. This is compounded by the fact that Reynie currently has Schrodinger's diamond in his pocket, which Noland gave him, and if it's real then all of his fears have been confirmed and the Captain is a horrible person, but he can't bring himself to check. Reynie's going through a lot at the moment.

“May I see that radio, Kate?” he asked. Kate gave him a quizzical look. Something in Reynie’s tone had struck her oddly. It wasn’t a tone he had ever used with her, and she couldn’t guess what it meant. She handed him the radio. “What’s going on? You sound funny.” Reynie opened the window and tossed the radio out. “What in the world?” Kate cried. “Why’d you do that?” Constance sat up to stare at him, and Sticky ran to the window to look out, as if the radio might have fallen somewhere he could reach. It hadn’t, of course, and he stared after it, shaking his head in disbelief. “I don’t want him to know where we are,” said Reynie. “The captain. I don’t trust him.” Sticky was still gazing forlornly out the window. That radio—their one connection to adults who might protect them—had been a source of comfort. “I wish you’d discussed it with us first, Reynie.” “I’m sorry. I was afraid you would argue.” “You were being crafty!” Kate said. “That’s what your tone meant. No wonder I didn’t get it. I’ve heard you be that way with other people, but never with us. I have to say, I don’t like it.” “Sorry,” Reynie said again. His tone was weary. He sat down on the bunk opposite Constance’s. His body felt leaden, as if he’d gained a hundred pounds. “Reynie,” said Constance quietly. With a feeling of great reluctance, Reynie looked up. “Yes?” Constance’s pale blue eyes were shining with tears, and in them Reynie detected something like alarm. “The way you’re feeling about Captain Noland right now? I don’t ever want to feel that way about you.” Reynie felt tears spring to his own eyes. He looked away. “Don’t ever do that again,” Constance said. “Promise me.” Reynie swallowed hard. He forced himself to meet her eyes again. Then he looked at Kate and Sticky, who were gazing at him wonderingly and with not a little hurt of their own. It would be awful for them to feel they couldn’t trust him, Reynie knew. For Constance it would be even worse. But it would be worst of all for him. “I promise,” Reynie said. And from the way Constance smiled, he knew that she knew that he meant it.

Reynie is more frightened about what Captain Noland might do if he knew where they were than he is caring about his friends at the moment, which is a new experience for all of them. In the past, they have talked things out because for the most part they have been aligned and together on their goals and how to execute them.

But he is so scared at this point that he doesn't take a moment to think rationally, he doesn't even stop for a second to consider the ramifications. He just feels with such conviction that it is imperative he get rid of that radio.

BUT. But, part of the reason he feels like this is because he has been carrying this fear and uncertainty on his own for days now. Reynie had some of these suspicions right off the bat, but he couldn't bring himself to share them with the others because he didn't feel like he could burden them with it. He was afraid to tell them, to scare them, to share information on something he wasn't quite sure about, but he also couldn't let himself sit idly by as his friends did something that might be dangerous.

Kate points it out: Reynie has always spoken plainly to them before, because he trusts them and values their counsel. He hasn't felt like he needs to protect them or hide things from them before, and it's causing a lot of conflict in him. Reynie is generally the team diplomat, because he is aware of other people's emotions and cognizant of the best way to communicate with people. He's good at this, and it's part of the team's collective arsenal of skills. The others haven't had a need to be aware of him being tricky, because he's never turned his skills on them before.

Kate is perturbed by this sudden switch in Reynie's behaviour and Sticky is frightened because he hates sudden change and Constance is terrified because she can sense the inner turmoil driving the decision. This is possibly the single worse action he could have taken at that second that caused the most distress to each of them. They're scared, but they're also scared for him, because this is new. This is unexpected, and in a situation where they're already facing so much, this might just be the straw that breaks the camel's back.

However, almost as soon as he's done that, Reynie feels terrible. He's under so much pressure from himself and the secrets he's trying to keep, and now that he's betrayed his friends. He knows he's done something wrong, and he hates that he's gone and hurt his friends, because he still isn't able to fully convince himself he's made the right decision. He's lost in his thoughts and has too many things pulling at him to be able to see clearly. Normally, he'd have Sticky to be objective with the facts, or Kate to be her very straightforward self, or Constance to lightly smack him and pull him out of his own head.

But he's stuck in a loop.

He can't ask them for help because he needs to find an answer, but he won't be able to find an answer unless he has help.

And he's upset with himself for allowing all this mental miasma to cloud his logic enough that he acted on pure emotion and hurting his friends, but he makes the brave choice and looks at Constance. He's reluctant and confused, but he pushes through that and looks at her and sees the bewilderment and fear his actions have caused in his friends.

Because that's the trick with Reynie. He can't ever just feel his emotions. It's never as simple as anger, or sadness, or even joy. He always feels his own emotions, and then those of the people around him, especially people he loves. He's feeling his own uncertainty and guilt at the same time as he's feeling the betrayal and anxiety and sadness and even anger that the others are experiencing, which makes him feel even more guilty.

But this time, he forces himself through it, and tells them he won't do it again. He can't quite explain himself yet, and he's still scared, just as he knows they are, but he apologises and tells them he doesn't want to do that to them again. And it doesn't immediately get better, but he does explain a little of his plan after, and they move forward with a tenuous peace. Relationships are often stronger after they've been fractured, and having weathered this they grow closer.

But maybe just defenestrating the only thing connecting you to a single possibly trustworthy adult should have been something you discussed with the team, buddy

#Sorry about all that #I just felt such intense emotion over this scene when I went through it again #I love them so much but they're facing insane amounts of pressure and confusion and peril #And I just couldn't stop thinking about all the details #I hope this makes sense #It feels terribly incoherent and rambly #Oh well #I hope someone gets something out of it #the mysterious benedict society #mbs #reynie muldoon #the perilous journey #tpj

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