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#but as a us citizen i find it very difficult to find reliable information about what is happening in other countries.
vamptastic · 1 year
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i genuinely don't understand what capitalist countries stand to gain by fighting each other instead of collaborating economically. like why does the us warmonger against china when we would benefit more from trade? ostensibly it's for moral reasons, but regardless of the veracity of any given claim i think the united states has shown itself to prioritize economic success over human rights on a number of occasions especially during the cold war. i suppose i assume most wars are waged on the grounds of economic gain (natural resources, global political power, straight up money in the form of the military-industrial complex) but you could make an equally solid argument that just as many are waged over purely social and political issues- ethnic and religious conflict, blind nationalism, the whims of a dictator. it just confuses me at times, i guess. i have a hard time believing that the united states is bound and determined to wage war against china over human rights abuses, infringing on other countries sovereignty, and neo-colonialism in africa when we've propped up fascist dictators in many a country who've done far worse. is it literally just the association with communism? because surely whatever evil fuckers actually want war know that china is very far from communist right now. is it just nationalism? the idea that we must be on the top of the totem pole, even if our economy would stand to gain from trade? because i suppose i could believe that, but i think if that was true we wouldn't have gotten to where we are today in the first place. blegh. at the end of the day i am also ignoring the fact that many many different groups of people want war against china for reasons ranging from sinophobic jingoist nationalism to a genuine belief that the united states is a global moral watchdog determined to establish ~democracy~ worldwide. but there is a definite slant to media coverage on china right now, genuine attempts at disinformation, and given that the media in the us is so deeply tied to corporate interests it leads me to believe that there has to be some economic motive here, and it frustrates me that i can't figure out what it is.
#this post is long and convoluted and circuitous. sorry.#please do not try to like. publically own me or erupt into moral outrage over this post if you're reading it btw.#suppose i would be interested in hearing others takes on this but im just curious i genuinely don't have answers here#i don't want to argue or be accused of being immoral for not taking a hard stance on an incredibly complex issue.#anyway. i am also not trying to say that either the us or china are ' good ' or ' bad '#insomuch as any country can be good or bad. particularly a country millenia old or one that changes leadership every four years.#individual actions taken by each government are undeniably bad. yes.#but as a us citizen i find it very difficult to find reliable information about what is happening in other countries.#our media has become so wildly polarized that you can often figure out national issues by looking at both sides#but when the media is unified on portraying one falsehood both left and right? you're fucked.#often media that claims to be neutral could be more accurately described as western#i trust ap and the bbc on us politics - not global politics.#all that being said when it comes to things like the treatment of uighur muslims or the political situation in hong kong and taiwan.#i'm not entirely sure what to believe.#and i also believe that if every single immoral act the us claims china has done is real... we still wouldn't wage war based purely on that#...i do genuinely think the claims that china is colonizing africa by offering loans is horseshit though#even if it was itd be fucking rich for european countries that wrecked africa in the first place#to moralize about the means by which another global power allows them potential economic power#the problem arises from capitalism on a global scale itself i mean#there is no way to build up infrastructure and trade routes for an entire continent without#in some way eventually profiting from it#i do see the comparison to the us and latin america and i think that's kinda apt but#the way ppl talk about it you'd think they were doing what france did to haiti good god
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rynnaissance · 2 months
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ok so for future reference, if i ever do continue working on my fic, how do we think bell’s hells would be at driving cars in a modern au? i’ve got ideas, but i want to hear other people’s input.
here’s what i’ve got:
chetney: DO NOT GET IN A CAR WITH CHETNEY WHATEVER YOU DO. that senior citizen is batshit insane and he WILL road rage. if someone cuts him off then wherever he was going is forgotten because he has to tailgate that person now while yelling at them to pull over so they can “talk.” i can’t decide if he would have a really nice car or a really shitty one because honestly both fit. maybe a fancy truck for hauling wood?
orym: he’s your safest bet out of the hells if you want to get somewhere on time without fearing for your life. bro is a law abiding citizen of the road. he never loses his cool (unlike chet) and his car is always clean and smells super nice. he mostly listens to meditation style music, but he’ll let the other person have the aux because he’s genuinely curious to hear what they listen to. shout out to orym.
laudna: okay back to the insanity. ALSO DO NOT GET IN A CAR WITH LAUDNA! girlie pop should not be on the road. she’s blasting the weirdest fucking genres of metal imaginable, she can hear nothing else. the music only somewhat drowns out the horrible keening noises her car makes, as if it’s begging to die. that thing hasn’t been to the shop in decades and omits the occasional plume of black smoke that smell like burnt hair and buttered popcorn for some reason? i saw someone else talk about how she’s a crazy driver with everyone except imogen who she drives very well for and never blasts music, and i like that idea a lot.
imogen: it was her dad’s truck before her’s, a farm vehicle meant for rural roads with four wheel drive. it’s pretty beat up, but it’s reliable. imogen hates driving though, as it can be super overwhelming in the city, and prefers to go with laudna. outside of the city, on rural roads where you won’t see another car for miles, she finds it almost as relaxing as horseback riding. she likes to cruise around with her widows down, shamelessly listening to country music. yeehaw.
ashton: should you get in a car with ashton? depends on the day, as they are kind of a wild card. one day, it might be a chill drive with you two causally exchanging stories, like sober “what the fuck is up with that?” other times you better hold onto your seat because you are getting to your location regardless of how traffic is flowing. ashton is the person who cuts chetney off. it may be on purpose, no one knows for certain, but he always seems to manage to find the old man and make his day a little more difficult. if they see someone they know, they’ll lay on horn and yell, “hey asshole!” with a wave and a grin. the car itself is covered in stickers and sharpie graffiti, interior and exterior. you’ll always know it’s him.
fearne: does she have a license? she would say yes. the truth is no. fearne was never taught how to drive, she just kinda figured it out as she went along. because of ashton, she used to think honking is a friendly thing, but had to be informed by fcg that those people are not just saying hi, but are actually mad at her. she didn’t like that very much. she doesn’t seem to be aware that there are any dangers to driving. she’s almost always getting into crashes, which she responds to with a giggle and a “whoops(:” it’s a marvel she hasn’t been arrested yet. there’s also an angry possum that’s sometimes found in the truck of her car, so it’s best not to open it.
fcg: much like orym, fcg is a very safe person to drive with. although maybe a little annoying, as he’ll let everyone go before him at a four way stop regardless of if it’s actually their turn. sometimes though, when they’re under a lot of stress, they resemble chetney more. they won’t tolerate any bullshit from other drivers and yell at pedestrians to get out of the way. he’s been getting better about this though, but still.
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shakesqueers13 · 5 months
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Hi there!
This might seem odd, but I wanted to ask something as a fellow Shakespeare fan. It’s more on my behalf, truly.
Next year I will be going to a school in England (don’t know which yet) to focus on acting, specifically classical acting if I can. I love Shakespeare and classical works immensely, and I would just love to dedicate my life to it.
Not to reveal myself, haha, but I’m only 18 years old. While I love Shakespeare, and I think I can generally understand what one monologue says, it does take me multiple readings of the text to understand the plot and even longer to analyze the text within the entirety. It makes me feel kind of stupid, because so many other Shakespeare fans seem to be able to pull this texts out, with great analysis (yourself included) and for me, it takes an embarrassing amount of time.
I have an opportunity to maybe direct a show, and I’m stuck between Richard III and Cymbeline, but fear I’m too dumb to understand the text properly.
I know this is probably just my insecurity, but the reason I wished to ask at all is to wonder if that’s just me? Do other Shakespeare fans struggle to get it, and have to work at it? Even when I watch productions, I have to really really focus to understand each bit or I get lost (though watching is easier to comprehend)
Perhaps I’m just not intelligent enough to get it quicker, and not as a dig but a reality. Regardless, I love the work and I strive to understand it though I fail.
Hope this isn’t too insecure/pick me!! Just thought it was worth the ask. Thanks for keeping the stories alive :)
Hi!
It’s funny you sent in this ask because just last night I was thinking I should make a post about how there’s absolutely no shame in struggling to understand Shakespeare. I think it’s one of those things where every Shakespeare student secretly thinks they’re the worst at understanding/reading Shakespeare, but that’s totally not true. Everybody struggles, myself included. Shakespeare wrote in such an elevated level of voice that not even most Elizabethan citizens would’ve been able to understand a lot of what he said when they were watching his plays — he was making up words left and right.
I think everyone has to read the text multiple times to grasp the full meaning, and if they don’t, they’re probably missing out on a lot of important stuff. People wouldn’t still be getting PhD’s and publishing research about Shakespeare if we already knew exactly what he meant by everything he wrote.
I definitely struggle to understand Shakespeare a lot of the time. I’m dyslexic so reading the words off the page can be really difficult for me - I almost never read any Shakespeare for the first time off the page, I always try to watch a version while I read. Some other practical tips are to use the OED (Oxford English dictionary) to look up words from the year the play was published because it tells you what archaic words meant at the time. You can also just Google passages you don’t understand and often an explanation will come up. Finally, if you can afford an annotated edition of the complete works, like the Norton edition or the Folger editions, that will be very helpful as well.
I would also caution you if you’re getting the majority of your Shakespeare information from tumblr because a lot of people on tumblr sadly post misinformation, or theories with no textual support. It’s unfortunate but I see it happening a lot with Hamlet. If someone posts something that throws you off and doesn’t seem quite right, either ignore it or triple check it. You can use Google Scholar to find reliable articles—just type in Google Scholar and search articles from there with whatever subject you want, like “Ophelia’s death” or “Shakespeare’s late romances.”
Also, from your ask I’m guessing you’re still in high school? Unfortunately it’s quite hard to learn a lot about Shakespeare without taking specific, focused classes in university. My knowledge and love of Shakespeare grew about 1000% my first semester in college when one of my professors taught Richard III and I actually got the opportunity to study with a professional. The thing is, there’s really no substitute for studying with a professor who you can ask questions and who can explain exactly what they mean. The more you study Shakespeare, the more sense things will start to make.
All in all, I don’t think you have anything to worry about. Just take the texts line by line and work away at them until it makes sense. Don’t put too much pressure on yourself to learn this stuff while you’re still in high school or about to start college. Watching the plays while you read will be your best asset.
Lmk if you have any more questions. Good luck!
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Book Review
While on the search for answers regarding America’s mental health epidemic, I came across the book Committed: The Battle over Involuntary Psychiatric Care, by Dinah Miller and Annette Hanson. This peer reviewed book was published by John Hopkins University Press and edited by Jackie Wehmueller. 
This book's purpose is to discuss the current debate over involuntary commitment of patients in mental health hospitals. This is achieved through various perspectives including first hand patient experiences, clinicians, advocates, and opponents of involuntary commitment. The authors captivate readers to learn more about seclusion and restraint, involuntary medication, and involuntary electroconvulsive therapy; which are all written in the context of civil rights.
The authors present two individuals who underwent involuntary hospitalization and treatment. Their experiences had very opposite outcomes, one where the hospitalization benefitted the patient, and the other instance in which it caused more harm to the patient. The authors remained unbiased when presenting both sides of each argument. Well known sources such as the Treatment Advocacy Center, the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), and the American Psychiatric Association (APA) advocated for involuntary hospitalization. While leaders of the Citizens Commission on Human Rights, Mind Freedom International, the National Empowerment Center, among others, took an opposing stance on involuntary hospitalization. It is important to note the reliability of the sources used throughout the book. They are all distinguished groups who obtain credibility and have high accuracy of information. 
Interestingly, I was surprised to see NAMI and APA supporting involuntary treatment. I have used these organizations in much of my research as a trustworthy source. In my personal opinion, I have come to disagree with the implementation of involuntary hospitalization. With this, I was disheartened to hear that organizations that have been useful to me promote an obstruction of civil rights to mental patients. 
The potential audience of this book pertains to readers anywhere from high school level and above. Some preliminary knowledge about mental institutions and their legal implications would be helpful to know when reading the text. Despite this, the book was very understandable and does not use complicated terminology. At the same time, the text is not dumbed down to the point that it becomes repetitive or tedious to read. This book would be a great read for people who are intrigued by flaws within mental institutions to help them fully grasp the complications with the system and why it is so difficult to change. 
As a consumer of mental health, I found this book touching. Since it comes from psychiatrists, it is relieving to hear that they recognize that problems exist within the system and they are not being ignored. They explain complexities of both sides of involuntary hospitalization in simple terms to enable readers to fully grasp the whole picture of why this remains such a controversial topic. The author's jobs outside of the journalism in this book, are to diagnose and medicate mental patients. With clearly spelling out all aspects of both sides, they take a risk of potentially endangering their own work.
For example, the book mentions an intriguing finding by Dr. Thomas Insel, a former director of the National Institute of Mental Health. He publicly stated that patients suffering from schizophrenia in the long term benefit from using less medication (116). The authors also include that researchers have found that increased use of antidepressants in patients has contributed to rising suicide rates; as well as accounting for other acts of violence including mass murders (116). The authors are open and honest, and include evidence that questions their own area of work. Their intentions of research are clear: to look for answers with facts and not with any bias. 
As if involuntary hospitalization was not debatable enough, this book opens discussion of gun violence. The authors delve into the link between mass shootings and untreated mental illness. Advocates of involuntary mental health care surmise that since mentally ill individuals make up a large amount of mass shootings, that people with severe mental illness should be involuntarily contained into hospitals. As mentioned in the “Before we get started” in Committed, what many do not realize is that people with psychiatric disorders are more of a danger to themselves than they are to others in most cases. In fact, a greater risk factor of extreme violence is substance abuse (xvii). 
Evidently, this book contains accurate and trustworthy information that is beneficial for researchers. All different viewpoints are explored within the text coming from licensed doctors, psychiatrists, institution workers, and psych patients themselves. I believe it to be an effective tool when studying operations and outcomes of mental hospitals. Ultimately I was very satisfied with the information I was able to gain when studying this book. I would definitely recommend this book to readers who are interested with issues in mental health care systems to accurately consider all standpoints.
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ashishwankhade123 · 2 years
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NESARC Dataset week 1 Assign:
After looking through the codebook for the NESARC study, I have decided that I am particularly interested in nicotine dependence. I am not sure which variables I will use regarding nicotine dependence (e.g. symptoms or diagnosis), so for now I will include all of the relevant variables in my personal codebook.
While nicotine dependence is a good starting point, I need to determine what it is about nicotine dependence that I am interested in. It strikes me that friends and acquaintances that I have known through the years that became hooked on cigarettes did so across very different periods of time. Some seemed to be dependent soon after their first few experiences with smoking and others after many years of generally irregular smoking behavior.
I decide that I am most interested in exploring the association between level of smoking and nicotine dependence. I add to my codebook variables reflecting smoking levels (e.g. smoking quantity and frequency).
Second topic decided to check nicotine dependence with respect to month.
After reviewing the codebook of NESARC, a survey in over 43093 U.S. citizens (over the age of 18) designed to determine the magnitude of alcohol use and psychiatric disorders, I found myself particularly interested in cannabis use disorders. More specifically I aim to examine the patterns of association between cannabis use, and major depression as well as general anxiety disorder diagnosed in the last 12 months. Nowadays, cannabis is the most widely consumed drug in many countries, however there is also a medical use of it. It has been estimated that around 10% of people who use cannabis will become depended upon it [4]. It is common knowledge that there is a strong relationship between mental disorders and alcohol abuse, therefore it is a matter of interest whether cannabis’ frequent use co-occurs with depression and generalized anxiety.
Research Question:
Is cannabis use associated with major depression and general anxiety disorder diagnoses in the last 12 months?
Hypothesis:
Despite the fact that several studies have examined issues relevant to cannabis abuse disorders, its difficult to decide if cannabis use leads to psychiatric illnesses. At this point it is necessary to separate cannabis use from a heavier involvement with the drug (dependence / abuse). My personal belief is that cannabis use increases the likelihood of depression symptoms and anxiety disorders, however not as significantly as cannabis abuse / dependence, which could cause mental disorders like the ones mentioned above.
NESARC Codebook Sections and Variables:
After looking through NESARC codebook, firstly i decided to take into consideration the unique identification number (IDNUM) and the variable (AGE) from background information (SECTION 1) of the sample, in order to make my findings more reliable. Furthermore for my first question topic I chose, from the drug / medicine use section (SECTION 3B), to include information like the percentage of people who ever used cannabis (S3BQ1A5), as well as the period of this use -last 12 months / prior to last 12 months / both periods- (S3BD5Q2B) and the frequency of it when using the most (S3BD5Q2E). As far as the second topic is concerned, I selected the variable of non-hierarchical major depression diagnosis, in last 12 months (MAJORDEP12) and the variable of non-hierarchical generalized anxiety diagnosis, in last 12 months (GENAXDX12), which are included in the diagnoses section (SECTION 14).
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Literature review/Summary:
Taking into account the literature review I performed, using Google Scholar, I found several academic studies and researches based on the relationship between cannabis use, depression and anxiety there was a moderate association between involvement with cannabis use in the past 12 months and the prevalence of affective and anxiety disorders. Among those with DSM-IV cannabis dependence, 14 % had affective disorder symptoms, compared to 6 % of non-users; while 17 % met criteria for an anxiety disorder, compared to 5 % of non-users [4]. These associations did not remain significant after including demographics, neuroticism and other drug use in multiple regressions. Cannabis use did not appear to be directly related to depression or anxiety when account was taken of other drug use. However, the association between heavier involvement with cannabis use and affective and anxiety disorders has implications for the treatment of persons with problematic cannabis use[4]
References:
Degenhardt, L., Hall, W., & Lynskey, M. (2003). Exploring the association between cannabis use and depression. Addiction, 98(11), 1493-1504.
Degenhardt, L., Hall, W., & Lynskey, M. (2001). Alcohol, cannabis and tobacco use among Australians: a comparison of their associations with other drug use and use disorders, affective and anxiety disorders, and psychosis. Addiction, 96(11), 1603-1614.
Degenhardt, L., Hall, W., & Lynskey, M. (2001). The relationship between cannabis use, depression and anxiety among Australian adults: findings from the National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 36(5), 219-227.
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carverehlers34 · 2 years
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Is usually Twitter a Trustworthy News Source?
Each day, more compared to 50 million Us citizens get their media from the Web. Many of all of them not anymore subscribe to be able to print newspapers and even get their news exclusively from Web and broadcast options. Nearly one-quarter regarding Americans say that typically the Internet is their main source of news and 44% of Americans check on the internet news sources in least once a week. Online news services continue to increase, grow as newspapers find out ways to create their online companies profitable. Journalism is created on credibility. Old-line newspapers such while the New york city Occasions, the Wall Street Journal, typically the Washington Post, in addition to others have expended decades nurturing their very own reputations for truthfulness and reliability. Queries about the reliability of online news sources (especially cultural media sources) throughout comparison to newspaper publishers persist. Why happen to be online news options perceived as not as much credible than printing sources, and what are online media sources doing to reinforce their reliability? Anonymity and Spoofs A fundamental attribute of the internet is that anyone could post virtually anything at all, whether it is true or perhaps not. Users can post information under their own name, anonymously, or beneath someone else's title. Consequently, it is definitely sometimes difficult regarding readers to discern truth from fictional on blogs, websites, and tweets. Within the last U. S. presidential major, Republican candidate Sam Brownback discovered that some of his / her "supporters" were ardently blogging untruths plus were not supporters whatsoever. One website, (baptistsforbrownback2008. wordpress. com), published that Brownback, a social old-fashioned, believed that the earth was level and that afeitado should be considered "an unplanned lovemaking event". This website was a parody with the Senator's conservative beliefs, yet was presented in that matter-of-fact way that some considered typically the spurious claims to be true. read more Ensure Accurate Tranny of the Reports Twitter, which offers in recent months had several well-publicized spoofs messaged across their system, is taking measures to reinforce their credibility. Twitter co-founder Evan Williams stated of Twitter's reliability issue: "Anonymity had been a key factor for the people there (Twitter)... Just how do you include anonymity and rely on... that is a key thing... that demonstrated a potential many of us thought was generally there... having worked about technologies that allow people to submit more details freely, My partner and i believe, is a good point... but it also says to me personally 'Wow, ' all of us have so significantly more to perform. inch Twitter's Reputation Approval System Williams unveiled that Twitter is usually working on the reputation validating system that is based about users' ratings of each other. The device is similar in principle towards the 'feedback' systems utilized on eBay, expert, along with other sites whose business structure is "trust" motivated. "We are functioning on reputation devices... You might not know somebody is trustworthy, although others who are trustworthy believe in them, " said Williams. In inclusion, tweets now have got an optional "location" feature that may support readers in identifying the trustworthiness of the particular tweet. For example , facebook originating from the original source of an function are believed to become more reliable compared to tweets about the event that form on another continent. As get more info continue their evolution from a print in order to a digital channel, readers will turn into savvy about the particular truthfulness in the various "news" sources. The steps taken by simply Twitter to strengthen their credibility as a news supply will likely end up being duplicated by various other social media and even bloggers. Twitter users' propensity for self-policing will make the platform among the most trusted news sources inside the near future. By the approach, if you'd like to see the particular coolest Twitter apps on the internet, visit My Tweets Toolbox at [http://MyTwitterToolbox.com]. With more than 250 Myspace tools for productivity and fun, you will see everything you need in one spot to be incredibly successful with Twitter. Should you really want to be able to know how to use Twitter plus other social marketing equipment, check out this particular 60-minute audio together with four of typically the top online marketers in the enterprise since they reveal their own top strategies regarding social marketing [http://strategies4socialmarketing.com].
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gamble74vilstrup · 2 years
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iridescent-honey · 3 years
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Mysterion characterization
In my opinion, he is one of the most mischaracterized people in the hero franchise.
He is often portrayed as an angsty, edgy, and a ruthless antihero.
Although I can see how that conclusion is come to, here are my thoughts:
*TL;DR at the bottom in red*
*This information is coming from both the game and show, if I can find direct clips, I will show them*
I used the word anti hero, allow me to elaborate on that briefly. For anyone unaware, an antihero is described as “a central character in a story, movie, or drama who lacks conventional heroic attributes.” I would also describe it as someone who is fighting for good while being uncaring/unhelpful to others if it means the majority of the public is helped. Note that the definition of what an antihero is varies from person to person. Poorly characterized antiheroes are written as villains who are part of the hero’s team for some unknown reason.
The first episode we see Mysterion in is in S13E2, he is seen as a rival to The Coon, however he does not view himself that way, in his eyes, he is helping because that’s what he should do, not to spite Cartman.
I think this episode is often forgotten when people view him as an anti hero. We see him expose his identity and putting himself in danger to not have citizens caught in The Coon’s attempt at blackmail. Not my exact idea of an antihero however I digress.
Spoilers for the the game
In the game, the entirety of freedom pals aren’t introduced until the halfway point, however Mysterion, Wonder Tweek, and Tuppaware are introduced very early as opposition. After a lovers quarrel between Tweek and Craig, Doctor Timothy have an argument causing the two factions to fight. Craig is a mandatory player on your team.
While you fight the Freedom Pals, Tweek is the one doing the most talking (I say Tweek because it is very out of character for Wonder Tweek). Throwing insult after insult at Craig, even when the insults aren’t at him directly, Craig respondes as though they were. Tuppaware is not to important, he does his job and fights you, nothing too noteworthy there. But this is about Mysterion so I’ll move on.
In this fight, nearly every time you attack him or his teammates, he responds with how we are only being used by The Coon and we can do better than the Coon and Friends franchise. Also, note that when the opposition show interest in attacking Wonder Tweek he appears fearful, Tuppaware looks disgusted, but Mysterion appears surprised? Disappointed? I’m not quite sure but it’s definitely different than the rest of the Freedom Pals’s reaction. (I know how pointless it may seem to analyze the facial expression when they’re drawn, well, like that. But also consider this! I don’t care.) The best way I could describe it is as being upset/disappointed that that he is being attacked. It is my belief that this is because he doesn’t want to fight. This is countered by the fact that he is a relentless fighter. The only time he isn’t is stated before: the first time you fight him.
The second time however is a different story, he attacks you ruthlessly. He gives you one chance at the beginning of the of the fight, saying that “Fighting Doctor Timothy is a mistake beyond your comprehension.” But afterwards makes no attempts to help you, instead changing to his one liners.
This is another thing I need to talk about. I have a post made for the future where I talk about way too many of his quotes but I’ll summarize it for you.
Being angsty
Being ruthlessly
Being dark
Being concerned for his teammates
Cheering his teammates on
There are some more types but these are the most important because a lot of his lines are dark, angsty, and ruthless and tend to overshadow his other quotes. The appeal to throw in the towel and say that he’s an antihero would be very easy but I truly don’t see it. Despite his quotes he isn’t as angsty in most parts and is seen being distressed for other teammates and trying to help whoever he can.
I believe that he says his quotes only to scare the opposition. When he interacts with his teammates and civilians he stops the angsty-ness and acts as a protector. In my opinion, an antihero would not care about their perception, if the job gets done that’s all that matters. But clearly Mysterion doesn’t abide by those rules.
Although alignment charts are a gross oversimplification for explaining characterization but I think it is a very simple way to explain it. On the character sheets, the alignment is more simplified and only allows lawful, neutral or evil. He describes himself as lawful but that is not a proper alignment. I am still torn on his alignment but I will show three alignments definitions then my thoughts.
Definitions
Lawful Good
A lawful good character acts as a good person is expected or required to act. They combine a commitment to oppose evil with the discipline to fight relentlessly. They tell the truth, keep their word, helps those in need, and speaks out against injustice. A lawful good character hates to see the guilty go unpunished.
Lawful good is the best alignment you can be because it combines honor and compassion.
Lawful good can be a dangerous alignment when it restricts freedom and criminalizes self-interest.
Lawful Neutral
A lawful neutral character acts as law, tradition, or a personal code directs them. Order and organization are paramount to them. They may believe in personal order and live by a code or standard, or they may believe in order for all and favor a strong, organized government.
Lawful neutral is the best alignment you can be because it means you are reliable and honorable without being a zealot.
Lawful neutral can be a dangerous alignment when it seeks to eliminate all freedom, choice, and diversity in society.
Neutral Good
A neutral good character does the best that a good person can do. They are devoted to helping others. They work with kings and magistrates but do not feel beholden to them.
Neutral good is the best alignment you can be because it means doing what is good without bias for or against order.
Neutral good can be a dangerous alignment when it advances mediocrity by limiting the actions of the truly capable.
*I did not add lawful evil because it is so wildly out of character there is no point in talking about it.*
Breaking it down
Lawful Good
A lawful good character acts as a good person is expected or required to act.
Mysterion shows himself to be a good person without wanting payment many times. Most notably when he reveals his identity to prevent harm to other citizens, and when he shows kindness and hope to the player despite the character and their teammates showing none back.
They combine a commitment to oppose evil with the discipline to fight relentlessly.
The commitment to fight evil seems self explanatory so I will not acknowledge that, what I will elaborate on is the “discipline to fight relentlessly”. Earlier in the post, I explain how he seems to not want to fight but does so fiercely. This explains it. He is the calmest out of the heroes at nearly all times, the only time this is false is when a teammate is unjustly injured. While he does get angry, he is never seen actively trying to start a fight, but he will always end one.
They tell the truth, keep their word, helps those in need, and speaks out against injustice.
Throughout the series and the game, he never lies, however, he is never asked to tell the truth and I’m hesitant on saying that the lack of evidence is evidence. Despite that he does keep his word, his promise to protect his city, and promise to protect Karen are always fulfilled. When the Coon acts against the group, Mysterion is quick to shut him down.
A lawful good character hates to see the guilty go unpunished.
In the game, he tells us multiple times that being a hero is ugly. That the merciless don’t deserve mercy. He has made it clear that he is the bringer of karma.
Lawful Neutral
A lawful neutral character acts as law, tradition, or a personal code directs them.
Mysterion is an upholder of morals. His own ethics pave how he reacts and behaves. For the most part, he follows the law very closely, but he will break off and actions will become unforgiving if the person deserves it.
Order and organization are paramount to them. They may believe in personal order and live by a code or standard…
His origin as Mysterion was to organize the town through peace and to help stop crime. He tries to keep his team peaceful and succeeds when part of freedom pals. When the franchise was whole, the Coon could break his peaceful exterior.
or they may believe in order for all and favor a strong, organized government.
This is the most difficult to defend. Yes, he does feed information to the police, but only when they are passive crimes. When active crimes occur, he attempts to deal with the issue himself.
Neutral Good
This is not in line with his personal alignment identity, but this seems the most plausible. Allow me to elaborate:
A neutral good character does the best that a good person can do.
This has been explained in many places throughout this post and so I do not feel the need to repeat it.
They are devoted to helping others.
Once again, Mysterion is constantly seen putting others first: revealing his identity, handling Hindsight by himself, and risking his life and immortality to save them from Cthulhu.
They work with kings and magistrates but do not feel beholden to them.
This feels more natural than the last explanation for lawful neutral. He works with the cops in certain situations but is quick to work by himself or with his teammates if needed.
The alignments have been broken down and the evidence has been laid out, feel free to make your own decision.
TL;DR
Mysterion is not a dark antihero, he is a vigilante, a defender of peace, and beacon of hope to his citizens. He puts the needs and safety of others before himself.
Alignment possibilities: lawful good, lawful neutral, neutral good.
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leviiattacks · 3 years
Text
Two Faced | Chapter Nine
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↳ levi ackerman, the very person who was about to kindly behead you by a surprising turn of events manages to become your loving husband? you would be elated if this was true love, but it’s all thanks to a mysterious magic spell that your life is spared, for now at least.
pairing :: duke!levi x duchess!reader genre :: royal au ??? (at this point idek) angst, fluff, slice of life etc ?? word count :: 3.8k author note :: omg hiiii it’s been a while and today’s my birthday so i’m feeling pretty happy :-) i’ve been busy with exams and what not so this chapter would have been longer but oh well it’s still over the usual word count of 2ishk!! → next part found here !!
Instead of taking your frustration out on anyone else you take it out on your ODM gear. Anger is best used up resourcefully and you find practice goes by quicker when you imagine the look of horror Levi will have on his face when he sees just how much you've improved in recent weeks.
You sustain a number of bruises, scratches and scars the more daring you get but you take them as accolades indicating your dedication. Erwin occasionally encourages you in his office and informs you of how your commitment shows how you prioritise the safety of your people.
He's incorrect. The people of Paradis are not your people. You hold no relation or similarity to them aside from the fact you all happen to be human. Your people are the people of the Negri Republic.
You think of them every training session, tell yourself you're fortunate to be alive and if it were any other citizen of the Republic they would be working ten times as hard. They would grind their bones to dust just to prove their worth. Stepping above everyone else and working for a place in the top three.
So that's exactly what you do. You work yourself till you're sure you don't have possession of your own body, the spirits of the dead haunt you now that you've been left in the harrowing silence of lost life.
Guilt catches up to you. It nips at your skin and forms goosebumps all over your arms the one time you and the cadets happen to be allowed out to venture into town.
The people of Negri will never be able to bask in such a privilege.
Yet here you are, the only survivor of the attack, basking in that freedom .
You believe you hold no licence to deserve it.
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It's another Friday, your shirt is soaked in sweat and you cringe internally as you peel it away from your skin now safe within the confines of the shower rooms.
Another lonesome night for you. Mikasa has fallen asleep long ago and you've just retired from another late night training session.
The air bites at you and you jolt jerking your hand away when the water you come into contact with is ice cold.
You should have remembered warm water is closed off after ten but it completely slipped your mind.
Sniffing at your skin you wince at the earthy scent mixed in with your perspiration.
You can't not shower but the prospect of having to endure the cold water isn't appealing in the slightest.
Fine, you'll get up early and hope to shower before breakfast when warm water is available. If you dare to become ill at this pivotal moment you're back to square one. If Levi has no use for you, you're once again as good as dead.
Groaning you unwind and restart. Pulling your undergarments back on you stare at your sodden clothing. Wearing your damp uniform just to sneak back into your dorm isn't at all appealing and you curse yourself for forgetting to bring your night gown.
No one else is awake anymore and if they are they should be all the way at the other end of the base, you're sure you'll be able to slip away into the shadows and make it to your room within two minutes.
It's a risk but you'll take it, there's no way you're wearing those clothes again. If you make it to your room you can change into your nightwear and sleep. It'll be uncomfortable due to not showering but you'll make do with it.
Pushing your head out into the hallway it's dark and you sigh in relief, your ears are attentive waiting on any sounds but when you hear nothing you assume it's safe to make a move.
But, that's where you're wrong.
One foot out into the hallway you've already been caught red handed.
"Looks like I was forced to married an oaf who just so happens to have a thing for voyeurism." The cynicism is dripping in none other than Levi Ackerman's voice but you don't shrink away despite your vulnerability.
Like a cat you can hear Levi almost silently saunter up to you from behind and the hairs on the back of your neck stand up straight.
Expecting him to berate you you're surprised when he doesn't sound as scornful as he did a few seconds prior.
"Would you like to use the shower in my quarters? The water's warm."
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You'd be an idiot to reject the offer and as much as you hate the feeling of unease you feel around Levi you'll put up with it if it means you're able to rub soap against your skin and smell clean whilst you sleep.
You're standing in his shower staring at all of the varieties of body wash he has lined up against the wall. As expected of him his bathroom is meticulously spotless without any dirt in sight.
A little whine escapes your mouth when the hot water hits you for the first time. You sigh feeling satiated as well as satisfied.
Feeling a little lightheaded you rub the pleasant scent onto your skin eagerly. After a long days worth of training you feel rewarded and fulfilled just by being able to indulge in the luxury of warm water.
Suddenly your eyes shift they expand, turning from relaxed to completely appalled. Memories of your home town flood into your mind all at once, memories you don't even recall owning. Flashes of what looks to be fiery red hair, then segments of bloodcurdling screams follow in pursuit.
The soap has slipped out of your hand colliding with the floor and the rather loud noise that follows is enough to have Levi knocking on the door of the bathroom.
Hurrying to finish up you try to act as if what happened didn't just happen but to your discontent you only end up feeling more distressed.
Those aren't your memories you don't recall who they belong to. Have they perhaps been triggered by something?
Looking around the bathroom you come to find that you forgot you hadn't brought your night clothes with you,, again. Hands making their way to rest onto your forehead you groan audibly.
Again your thought process is cut off by Levi's knocking "Hey, did you pass out or something?" and with urgency you finish before he knocks the door down from impatience.
Poking your head out you avoid his gaze.
"What is it runt?" Levi's unimpressed voice asks once again reminding you of his presence.
"I forgot to bring my clothes."
A moment of silence follows your sentence and you're convinced he'll tell you to deal with the problem yourself when he tells you to return inside. But, a few minutes pass and he cracks the door open to shove one of his button ups at you alongside a pair of loose-fitting pants.
Quietly thanking him you take the clothing from him, they're good enough to cover most of the areas you'd like sheltered from prying eyes.
After you're done dressing yourself you practice your breathing in the mirror and for the most part you think you're alright until your mind drifts back to the unexplained fiery red hair.
Finally getting a hold of yourself in spite of all the unanswered questions you escape into his room and make a dash for the door hoping he's occupied elsewhere or has drifted off to sleep allowing you to flee.
"Stop."
Gritting the top and bottom row of your teeth against each other you scowl before masking it away and turning to face Levi.
"You're working hard for Paradis I see."
Meeting his eyes for the first time in a long time you're riled up, the heat in your chest rises and it finally reaches the summit when you sense you're shaking in maddening annoyance.
"I do not work hard for Paradis. I have not forgot the way you massacred my people."
He shrugs his shoulders calmly. "If you say so, and if you must know. I did not order the hit. I did my job, that is all."
He seems almost amused seeing your expression twist around trying to decipher if he is of reliability or not.
"You're a murderer. What is so humorous?" The blunt delivery of your question is sufficient enough to bring an end to Levi's fleeting grin. His face automatically drops and his brows knit together.
Levi is left stunned and speechless. For the first time in his life he doesn’t know what to say because you're correct.
Giving his regretful expression one last disappointed look you storm off. You need to sleep if there's any chance of you waking up tomorrow.
Little do you know that two pairs of eyes watch you leave Levi's quarters that night.
One of those pairs does not belong to Levi.
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Training is about pace but with the pent up steaming fury that resides inside of you you're sure you can move up the ranks much earlier than you previously estimated.
Positions, rank and status are what you need to obtain for Levi's plan to happen with no disruptions, if you're no good as a soldier there's no reason to continue persevering through the scrupulous hours of hard work and exercise.
There are points at which you struggle, it's difficult moving on alone knowing that you've been left completely unaccompanied and to your own devices but you make it work. You always have.
The feeling of loneliness is something you should have long got used to within the walls of the palace but after experiencing love and affection for the first time in years it's easier said than done to let it all go.
But you do.
You have to let go of your feelings for Levi to move forward.
All the faith and hope you truly have are placed in Sasha and Mikasa. You trust them with your life and one night after training as you look into your own eyes in the fogged up mirror of the shower rooms you come to the conclusion that you do not trust Levi Ackerman with your life and if you do not trust him with your life what is there to love about him?
The incessant name calling? The relentless pestering? The persistent hot and cold behaviour?
The man who sits at the other side of the hall eating his dinner is not Lev. The look in his eyes is completely different, the way he holds cups is different so is the way they make jokes and most importantly the way they act and you've now come to terms with that. No more allowing him to push you around whenever he pleases, no more succumbing to his touch.
The only orders you'll follow are the ones which permit for you to keep your life. That is all that matters. Nothing will ever matter if you die a meaningless death.
You came to the conclusion not too long ago that forming a clear distinction between Lev and Levi would be pivotal in progressing. After the mess caused by Jean in the hallway and your rude remark it's obvious you should. For the record you do stand by what you said. Levi Ackerman is a bitter hag, but you decide it's for the better that you bottle your emotions and your ever increasing feelings of animosity. You won't allow for them to interfere with your task. You've come here to save your life and that's it.
Lazily you poke at the meat on your plate not feeling particularly hungry today, there isn't much reason to be. Most of the training you've now become used to and you no longer feel exhausted after the training sessions. Instead you feel rather accomplished, you never saw yourself as much of a fighter but you think you've finally got the hang of it now.
Your progress has come as a shock to everyone around you and the cadets who were so quick to make judgement on the first day now come to you for advice. Whenever they approach with awkward smiles you can't help but feel bitter but you never refuse to aid them because what kind of person would that make you?
You haven't realized but all you've done today at dinner is sit and repeatedly jab your chicken with your fork, you nudge it left then bump it right. Eating is the last topic of interest on your mind right now. Recently all you've been able to think about are the people of your Republic. You were never able to ask what happened to your nation, what happened to your people. Illegitimate daughter or not it was still your kingdom and you keep mulling over the possibility of asking Levi about it.
You would have asked long ago but you think he won't give you an answer. After all there is no real reason for him to tell you what he did.
"MAIL!!" Marco's yell is enough to break you out of your deep thoughts all the cadets get to their feet running up to the front and practically submerging him after he's just come dashing in with this week's packages and parcels.
Connie's the first to retrieve his package. His mother is always reminding him in her letters and parcels of how proud she is of him, how she hopes he's eating well and is healthy. Your heart tingles for him. Maternal love is a lovely blessing and you wish you had it yourself but that doesn't stop you from feeling pleased on his behalf.
Everyone receives letters from home without fail, Everyone apart from you, Reiner, Bertholdt and Annie. You've taken a keen note of that detail. The higher ups tend to never receive any mail unless it's from the military. They could have family who are dead or alive but it'll most probably remain a mystery to you.  Maybe there will come a time where all the cadet's families will stop writing too. The reasons as to why may be ambiguous but you can only hope their families remain healthy despite the dangerous terrain of Paradis.
"You never get any mail why is that Y/N?" Armin one of the younger cadets pokes his head over your shoulder, his blonde hair falls over his eyes and his innocent voice is unaware of how dark the true answer to his question is.
You shrug your shoulders forcing yourself to cut some of the chicken you have yet to touch.
"Mother and Father raised me to be independent they were never the caring type." You say shoving a piece of chicken into your mouth, you can't leave the plate unmoved.
He hums in response buying the explanation but Annie clearly doesn't, she's glaring right at you as she swirls her spoon in her soup rather aggressively. She's been looking at you with increasing intensity these past few days but you don't address it. You aren't able to tell if that's her normal resting face, all you really know for certain is that her Hawk like gaze only flicks away when you make eye contact with her.
"How about you Annie you never get any- " Just as Armin begins his sentence Annie's smoldering gaze meets his and it's enough to stop him.
You and Annie most definitely aren't amicable but you know how annoying the intrusive questions can get when you have no real answer to provide people with so you choose to step in and alleviate the growing tension.
"Annie isn't one to dabble in small talk, I'm sure she'll open up with time." Annie grunts and gets to her feet, she shoots you an Armin a subterranean glare demanding you understand she isn't going to carry on being interrogated. She isn't even thankful for your intermission.
"Did I anger her?" Armin is so aware and in touch with others feelings because you honestly can't tell how she feels. Maybe she thinks she's superior to you, maybe she's frustrated like Armin suggests or maybe that's her natural demeanor.
"I'm not sure, she seems to just be this way." You won't get his hopes up high by falsifying an explanation, you'll just provide him with your honest opinion.
Bertholdt looks as if he's about to join your conversation but Reiner places a firm palm onto his shoulder before whispering a word of warning into his ear. Bertholdt indicates his agreement by looking away and making conversation with Connie who is sitting across them enthusiastically pointing at the letter his mother has sent him this time around.
Behind you Jean shuffles out of his seat he approaches your table and places a candle onto the wooden surface. "One for you." He announces, and then he places one more next to Mikasa's plate "And, one for you Mikasa."
The both of you exchange looks Mikasa is as plain faced as usual but she murmurs a thank you and both you and Jean know she isn't just saying that she does mean it she's just not that great at expressing it. You move over and give him some space to sit down with you both.
"Oh my, are these those special editions from the city square?" You rotate the candle in your hand looking at it before gently inhaling some of it. Vanilla, Jasmine and hints of coffee flood your system and you sigh dreamily.
"It's so lovely, my you didn't have to?"
"I wanted to, besides what was I to do with that many candles? Mother got over excessive and sent far too many and I know you liked that sort of stuff. I remember seeing your maid carrying some essential oils and fragrances when I met you in the city."
He's spoken a bit too much and you give him an alarmed look, it's slipped his mind to not mention he's encountered you before but much to your dismay Reiner's inquisitive ears have already heard what's been said.
"Kirstein and you, what have you got going on?" Reiner's back at it forming false conspiracy theories in his head you can tell that much just by looking at him.
You huff and shake your head, "I believe he's got me mixed up with someone else I've never even met him before arriving here."
As soon as you've spoke you've realize your mistake when Connie turns to face the both of you, his eyebrow is cocked up in confusion and he keeps his eyes on you contemplating if he should reveal what he knows.
Begging him with your eyes isn't enough because he just has to open his big mouth and join in.
"Did you and Jean not say you knew each other? I remember it, on the first day you said something like it was a small world if you ran into him again."
Reiner's amused by this all and is fascinated wondering what the reason is for you to bluff like this.
Sucking your bottom lip in not expecting this disruption during dinner you don't know how to save yourself.
"He said you have a maid, would that make you a noble? Only the rich can afford such commodities." Krista cuts in and it's only then you notice everyone crowding around you.
Everyone looking at you makes you uncomfortable and you can't formulate a sentence in your mind that can substitute as a makeshift excuse. Jean has to notice the consequences of his actions because you're playing with your hands under the table evaluating the possible outcomes as his thigh rocks back and forth shaking the floorboards with tension.
Just say the truth.
"My husband, he's a noble so I suppose yes that would make me one too."
The cadets are open mouthed in complete surprise. There are a number of reasons for why this could be the case. Firstly you're married, secondly you're a noble, thirdly as of now only two nobles that have been made known to the cadets, those two are Duke Ackerman and Viscount Kirstein they're probably speculating if the two know who your husband is.
"Someone married you of all the women in this city? And that person's a noble?" At that you don't know how to feel. The added insult to injury upsets you but you don't make it visible.
"Enough." Erwin's firm tone is enough to settle everyone down and the rumour mill stops temporarily.
Levi doesn't do as much as look at you whilst the situation plays out. He continues nonchalantly looking through some letters the military have sent over to the base. It's for the best he doesn't draw attention to himself right now.
Then everything plays out the same way it did the day those cadet's talked badly about your performance, everything plays out the same way as when you lived in your father's palace. Every one swamping you, engulfing you and you find it hard to breathe. Throat constricting your unease only heightens. Giggles and mumbles then whispers of "So she bribed her way up here?" and "Count on a noble to cheat the system."
"I saw her leave Captain Ackerman's quarters a few days back."
That's enough to push you out the room, you don't even realize what you're doing until your legs have carried you out and you can hear heavy footsteps follow after you. It's silent whilst you plot a route towards the training grounds but whoever is behind you is still following behind you loyally. You're too worn out to check in on who it is.
"Y/N, we need to discuss this." You recognize the voice to be Jean's,  it's unusual that he's bothered to follow you outside.
Brows furrowed and shadows cast over your face you can't help but visibly present your emotions. Moving to take a seat on a staircase you hunch yourself forward breathing in and out shallowly, get a grip, slow your breathing. At this point both you and Jean have ventured so far into the base that there's no way anyone will be able to find you both for a while.
Normally you would burst into tears if something like this were to happen but you can't make yourself feel anything apart from simmering dissatisfaction. Whether it's directed at Jean, at yourself, at Connie, you don't really know the specifics.
You're able to harden your exterior this time, Levi is going to kill you there's no use in you being here if your identity is discovered, you've ultimately failed the one task you've been given.
"Ease yourself. Mikasa said she'd handle it I trust her, you trust her."
"We'll dig ourselves out of this mess, I assure you." Jean is droning on and slowly the sound of his voice fades away as you stare at the white wall behind him. He's explaining his viewpoint but he clearly doesn't understand you at all. Of course he isn't informed enough to understand. why you're panicked. You don't blame him.
"Just leave me alone for a second I'd like to think without anyone else present."
Jean sighs deeply but respects your request. He walks away from you although he clearly doesn't wish to do so.
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awed-frog · 3 years
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I once found a book at the library about that huge famine in Iran during WWI and I was so astonished by what it said that I wondered if it was truly reliable information. I had never once heard about this event before, and I found very little information in English on the Internet. It is astonishing to think the British were never held accountable in the slightest for this
Well - first of all, since it's my job what I can say there is that the more 'exotic' the language, the less likely it is anyone will pay attention. For instance, the EU noticed with a delay of like five months that some Greek MPs were calling for a second Holocaust, and the only reason they noticed at all was because of an English documentary that had been aired in the UK. Some languages are harder to learn for people who work in the 'centres of power', and native speakers of those languages find it difficult to get there for various reasons. This situation is actually getting worse because on the one hand we're expecting everyone to speak English and not even bothering to teach other languages anymore, and on the other AI translation also relies on English to get the job done (for instance, a Farsi > French Google translate is actually Farsi > English > French), which means things can get very nonsensical very quickly. It's also hard to do a good job when it comes to hearing victims because some languages and cultures obviously lack the kind of legal framework we use in the West, which means you need very skilled interpreters and a lot of time to get anything done.
This is a very serious issue when it comes to academic research, which is absolutely crucial to understanding history and thus start a process of peace-building and/or accountability. In those countries where documents exist, like Iran, they're not likely to be available in other languages, which means there is only a very small number of Western academics who can actually get their hands on those documents and read them. As for local academics, very often it's hard to carry out objective research in countries with a 'troubled' past because they generally tend to have a 'troubled' present, and academia is always the first target of dictatorships and scumbag regimes. Meanwhile in other countries, you might not have written sources at all, and again relying on eyewitnesses accounts is hard work which requires a lot of resources and people who know the language very well.
(And I mean this is a problem with interpreting in general: for major languages there are proficiency tests, but for 90% of the languages out there, we have no way of checking whether someone actually speaks it well or not. If you work with refugees and have to hire, say, a Tigrinya interpreter with some urgency, you have to trust that the person who shows up actually knows the language and won't make up things on the spot. Plus, the fact this person will generally belong to the same community you're interested in will likely compromise their trustworthiness. Both these things are issues way more serious than people realize.)
The other major problem is that people tend to understand crimes against humanity as a kind of 'oppressor country vs victim country' situation, when the reality is more like 'elite of oppressor country profits a lot > elite of victim country profits > general population of oppressor country gets a mixed bag > general population of victim country starves'. The case of Persia is a good example, because while Persia was royally screwed over when it comes to oil money (I don't have time to look it up but the British historically kept, like, 80% of the profits), what little was left was enough to keep the shah very happy and into a lavish lifestyle. The fact his own population was dirt poor wasn't a concern of his at all. The same happens today in a lot of African countries, where former colonial powers and newcomers like China tend to deal with some corrupt ruling elite and everyone else can just die in a ditch.
So anyway the British were never held accountable for about 99% of the stuff they did, same as the other colonial powers (Western or otherwise). This is mostly because accountability needs a) a court of law that will accept your claim and b) a sympathetic & well-informed public opinion in the target country and c) a well-prepared & influential team of activists in the victim country and d) decisive proof. All of those things are hard to get, and on top of that it seems like the international community will only act against countries that have zero international leverage, so - yeah.
I hope things will change, but realistically, they won't. The only thing we can do here as random citizens is the usual thing: try to read more and listen more and understand our school history lessons are usually oversimplified or outright propaganda and generally demand better from the people in charge.
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xhxhxhx · 4 years
Text
I Know, I Know, I Know
In Slaughterhouse-Five (1969), Kurt Vonnegut quotes David Irving for the death toll from the firebombing of Dresden: 135,000 dead. Irving happens to be a Holocaust denier. And that number happens to be a lie.
Towards the end of the book, Vonnegut quotes Irving by name:
One of the books that Lily had brought Rumfoord was The Destruction of Dresden, by an Englishman named David Irving. It was an American edition, published by Holt, Rinehart and Winston in 1964. What Rumfoord wanted from it were portions of the forewords by his friends Ira C. Eaker, Lieutenant General, U.S.A.F., retired, and British Air Marshal Sir Robert Saundby, K.C.B., K.B.E., M.C., D.F.C., A.F.C.
I find it difficult to understand Englishmen or Americans who weep about enemy civilians who were killed but who have not shed a tear for our gallant crews lost in combat with a cruel enemy, wrote his friend General Eaker in part. I think if would have been well for Mr. Irving to have remembered, when he was drawing the frightful picture of the civilians killed at Dresden, that V-1’s and V-2’s were at the very time falling on England, killing civilian men, women, and children indiscriminately, as they were designed and launched to do. It might be well to remember Buchenwald and Coventry, too.
Eaker’s foreword ended this way:
I deeply regret that British and U.S. bombers killed 135,000 people in the attack on Dresden, but I remember who started the last war and I regret even more the loss of more than 5,000,000 Allied lives in the necessary effort to completely defeat and utterly destroy nazism.
So it goes.
The figure is significant. It is more than Hiroshima, where 70,000 to 80,000 died in the initial bombing. “Not many Americans knew how much worse it had been than Hiroshima, for instance,” Vonnegut writes early in Slaughterhouse-Five. “I didn’t know that either.” Not until he read Irving. presumably.
That figure was significant to the press coverage, like the New York Times review of March 31, 1969:
Kurt Vonnegut Jr., an indescribable writer whose seven previous books are like nothing else on earth, was accorded the dubious pleasure of witnessing a 20th-century apocalypse. During World War II, at the age of 23, he was captured by the Germans and imprisoned beneath the city of Dresden, "the Florence of the Elbe." He was there on Feb. 13, 1945, when the Allies firebombed Dresden in a massive air attack that killed 130,000 people and destroyed a landmark of no military significance.
Or the Sunday review of April 6, 1969:
Kurt Vonnegut speaks with the voice of the “silent generation,” and his quiet words explain the quiescence of his contemporaries. This is especially true of his sixth novel, “Slaughterhouse-Five,” in which he looks back -- or tries to look back -- at his wartime experience. In the first chapter he tells us how for over 20 years he has been trying to re-create a single event, the bombing of Dresden by American and British pilots. Vonnegut had an unusual perspective on that event. Safe, as a prisoner of war in a deep cellar under the stockyards, he emerged to find 135,000 German civilians smoldering around him. Dresden had been an open city. We closed it. We.
They led with the figure. It was important. This was the above the headline in the Sunday review: “Like Lot’s wife, he looked back -- at the destruction of Dresden and 135,000 dead.”
As Richard Evans discovered in the 1990s, Irving more or less fabricated that figure. As he recounted in Lying About Hitler (2001):
How many people did Irving think had been killed in the raids, and on what evidence did he base his estimates? The first source he used was information supplied to him by Hans Voigt, who had been a local official in Dresden at the time of the raids. Four days after the attack, missing persons search bureau was set up in the Saxon Ministry of the Interior. Voigt, at the time an assistant school master. was put in charge of establishing a dead persons department for the bureau to collect the records and personal effects of those people already dead, and of those still buried in the ruins. Irving said that it was this department which was “responsible for the identification of the victims and for arriving at some final estimate of the death-roll.”
Voigt’s office had four different filing systems for different data. The first were garment cards, onto which samples of garments taken from unidentified bodies were pasted, together with date, location, and so on. Voigt told Irving that up to the time of the capitulation “we had almost twelve thousand of these cards completed.” The second list was of miscellaneous personal belongings of the unidentified. The third was an alphabetical list of bodies identified by personal papers. The fourth was a list of wedding rings recovered from bodies. With these four indices the dead persons department was “able to clear up the identity of some 40,000 of the dead.” Thus Irving arrived at an “absolute minimum” death toll of 40,000. This in turn tallied with the figure of 39,773 given by Georg Feydt, the first person to write a reasonably considered account of the attack in 1953.
However, Irving did not accept 40,000 as the actual figure because Voigt had told Irving that he himself “estimated that the final number would have been 135,000.” In 1963 Irving was reported to have explained: “The Germans simply struck off the first digit to make the figure more acceptable to the Russians, who contended that Bomber Command was not a powerful weapon.”” In other words, he apparently thought that the Russians wanted to reassure the citizens of the Eastern bloc that Western bombing was not very dangerous. There was no evidence for this supposition. Voigt wrote to Irving as early as September 1962, blaming the amendment on “Dresden officials” (especially the then mayor Walter Weidauer), who “reduced the figure out of fear of the ‘Big Four,’ so as not to speak ill of them.” This did not seem to me to be particularly strong motive. The Russians were not involved in the bombing of Dresden. At the height of the Cold War, they would have had every incentive for inflating the figure, so as to put the Western Allies in a bad light. Yet Irving repeated the claim in 1995.
There was no corroborative evidence of any kind about the missing digit. Moreover Voigt was apparently not a popular man with the communist authorities in Dresden. Weidauer decried him as a “virulent fascist” who had been rightfully thrown out of East Germany. This was typical of the language the Communists used for people who proved a nuisance to them. Still, Voigt, then living in West Germany, may have had a political motive in accusing the Soviet and East German authorities of falsifying the statistics. Weidauer added that the death register was still extant in the Dresden Town Hall with a highest card number of 31,102 for an unidentified body. In addition there were the so-called street books. The numbers in the street books, which were compiled according to the streets and houses where the dead were found, exactly matched those on the registration cards. Irving could only sustain the figure of 135,000, therefore, by relying on a postwar speculation which he must have known was shaky and was discounted by most other writers on the raid, with good reason. This did not say much for his claim that he based his work on careful research into contemporary documentation.
In later editions, Irving further falsified his numbers, and claimed higher death tolls, but the 135,000 always depended on that invention. He put a "1″ in front of “35,000″ and claimed that as the figure.
The probable death toll was lower than that 35,000, maybe 25,000 to 30,000. That came out in the judgment at Irving’s libel trial, David Irving v Penguin Books and Deborah Lipstadt, [2000] EWHC QB 115:
13.124 When asked what was the supporting evidence for these inflated claims, Irving relied on the estimates for the number of casualties made by Mehnert and Fetscher and on the recollection of Frau Grosse, which I have mentioned. He also testified that his claims had been based on estimates as high as 250,000 which he had received from a great many individuals. Irving neither identified the individuals nor disclosed the letters. He prayed in aid also the fact that there were in Dresden at the time an unquantified number of refugees fleeing before the advancing Russian army. Finally he relied on the estimate of Hans Voigt, summarised in paragraph 11.52 above, that 135,000 had been killed. But, as stated in paragraph 13.126 below, none of this material casts significant doubt on the accumulation of evidence that the true death toll was within the bracket of 25-30,000.
[...]
13.126 It appears to me that the evidence which I have summarised in paragraph 13.124 affords a very slender basis for the claims which Irving has made for the numbers killed in the raids. The evidence of Mehnert, Fetscher and Frau Grosse was secondhand and unverified. In the absence of any indication on what they were based, I do not consider the Irving should have given any credence to estimates in letters from unidentified individuals. His speculation about the number of refugees does little to cast doubt on the reliability of the figures quoted in the official reports. Voigt's evidence was uncorroborated and unlikely to be correct in the light of the number of deaths recorded on the official cards. In my view, Irving should not have quoted numbers based on this evidence. ... In my judgment the estimates of 100,000 and more deaths which Irving continued to put about in the 1990s lacked any evidential basis and were such as no responsible historian would have made.
For Irving, Dresden was a useful tool. If there were 135,000 or 250,000 dead at Dresden, it helped even the scales with the Allies. It was the mirror image of his Holocaust denial: German crimes were overstated and Allied crimes were understated.
Irving wanted his readers to see the bombing of Germany as the moral equivalent of the Holocaust. Evans again:
Irving wrote to Kimber in 1963 declaring his view that the crime of World War II had not been genocide but "innocentocide," the killing of civilians, and that therefore the Eastern and Western powers were just as guilty in his eyes as the Germans and the Japanese. For him Dresden was a crime. Nowhere in the earlier editions was there an explicit effort to draw the parallel. Instead, Irving allowed others to draw this obvious conclusion and then somewhat disingenuously congratulated them on their independence of mind. Thus he wrote to Sydney Silverman MP, who had reviewed the book in Tribune: "I am not someone who holds political views similar to your own, but I really must congratulate you— in spite of this—for having stuck your neck out so firmly and unmistakably by drawing a parallel between the Nazis' atrocities and what happened in Dresden; this is something I myself did not claim in my book.”
Three decades later, Irving was making the parallel explicit. In a speech delivered in Toronto on 8 November 1992, he estimated the numbers who died in Auschwitz (“most of them from epidemics,” he said) as 100,000. “Around one hundred thousand dead in that brutal slave labour camp.” Around 25,000 of these had been killed by shooting or hanging, according to German radio reports from Auschwitz received and decrypted by the British, he added. He continued:
Twenty-five thousand killed, if we take this grossly inflated figure to be on the safe side: That is a crime; there is no doubt. Killing twenty-five thousand in four years—1941, 1942, 1943, and 1944—that is a crime; there is no doubt. Let me show you a picture of twenty-five thousand people being killed in twenty-five minutes. Here it is, in my book, a vivid picture of twenty-five thousand people being killed in twenty-five minutes by the British (in February 1945) in Pforzheim, a little town where they make jewellery and watches in Baden, Germany. Twenty-five thousand people were being burned alive. ... That is what it looks like when twenty-five thousand civilians are being burned alive in twenty-five minutes. One person in four, in twenty-five minutes. One person in four in that town. As I said when I was speaking in Kitchener yesterday, it is as though somebody came to Kitchener, a town of about a hundred thousand people, and killed one person in four in twenty-five minutes. That too is a crime. Twenty-five minutes! In Auschwitz it was a crime committed over four years. You don't get it spelled out to you like that. Except by us, their opponents. When you put things into perspective like that, of course, it diminishes their Holocaust—that word with a capital letter.
Irvings almost incantatory repetition of the figures "twenty-five thousand" and "twenty-five minutes," mentioned in this passage respectively four times and five times, compared with his figure of twenty-five thousand for Auschwitz mentioned only twice, left no room for doubt about which crime he considered the greater.
That was what Dresden meant to Vonnegut, too:
I happened to tell a University of Chicago professor at a cocktail party about the raid as I had seen it, about the book I would write. He was a member of a thing called The Committee on Social Thought. And he told me about the concentration camps, and about how the Germans had made soap and candles out of the fat of dead Jews and so on. All I could say was, “I know, I know. I know.”
Vonnegut never amended Slaughterhouse-Five. So it goes.
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worthnetjayz · 3 years
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Jay-Z Net Worth 2021 Biography, Career !
Jay-Z Net Worth 2021 Biography, Career !
Jay Z Net Worth web truly worth is known to get an incredible $1 billion by 2021, which made him the wealthiest rapper possibly, plus the primary millionaire throughout the rap sector. However, Kanye has since end up being the wealthiest, pushing Jay-Z lower to #2.{Buzrush.com}
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Ideal Rap Single Efficiency, Grammy Prizes (99 Difficulties, 2005)
Favored Jay-Z Rates
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coltalarm0 · 3 years
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The Undeniable Truth About Dogs For Sale That No One Is Telling You
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genkei-hatagami · 3 years
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I was bored so I did the personality test thing Utsumi posted.
Type: Executive (ESTJ-A)     
Traits
Extraverted  -  65 %
Observant  -  63 %
Thinking  -  72 %
Judging  -  88 %
Assertive  -  60 %
Role - Sentinel
Strategy - People Mastery.
Executives are representatives of tradition and order, utilizing their understanding of what is right, wrong and socially acceptable to bring families and communities together. Embracing the values of honesty, dedication and dignity, people with the Executive personality type are valued for their clear advice and guidance, and they happily lead the way on difficult paths. Taking pride in bringing people together, Executives often take on roles as community organizers, working hard to bring everyone together in celebration of cherished local events, or in defense of the traditional values that hold families and communities together.
Anyone Worth Their Salt Sticks Up for What They Believe Is Right...
Demand for such leadership is high in democratic societies, and forming no less than 11% of the population, it’s no wonder that many of America’s presidents have been Executives. Strong believers in the rule of law and authority that must be earned, Executive personalities lead by example, demonstrating dedication and purposeful honesty, and an utter rejection of laziness and cheating, especially in work. If anyone declares hard, manual work to be an excellent way to build character, it is Executives.
Executives are aware of their surroundings and live in a world of clear, verifiable facts – the surety of their knowledge means that even against heavy resistance, they stick to their principles and push an unclouded vision of what is and is not acceptable. Their opinions aren’t just empty talk either, as Executives are more than willing to dive into the most challenging projects, improving action plans and sorting details along the way, making even the most complicated tasks seem easy and approachable.
However, Executives don’t work alone, and they expect their reliability and work ethic to be reciprocated – people with this personality type meet their promises, and if partners or subordinates jeopardize them through incompetence or laziness, or worse still, dishonesty, they do not hesitate to show their wrath. This can earn them a reputation for inflexibility, a trait shared by all Sentinel personalities, but it’s not because Executives are arbitrarily stubborn, but because they truly believe that these values are what make society work.
...But Still Better Are Those Who Acknowledge When They Are in Error
Executives are classic images of the model citizen: they help their neighbors, uphold the law, and try to make sure that everyone participates in the communities and organizations they hold so dear.
The main challenge for Executives is to recognize that not everyone follows the same path or contributes in the same way. A true leader recognizes the strength of the individual, as well as that of the group, and helps bring those individuals’ ideas to the table. That way, Executives really do have all the facts, and are able to lead the charge in directions that work for everyone.
Executive Strengths
Dedicated – Seeing things to completion borders on an ethical obligation for Executives. Tasks aren’t simply abandoned because they’ve become difficult or boring – people with the Executive personality type take them up when they are the right thing to do, and they will be finished so long as they remain the right thing to do.
Strong-willed – A strong will makes this dedication possible, and Executives don’t give up their beliefs because of simple opposition. Executives defend their ideas and principles relentlessly, and must be proven clearly and conclusively wrong for their stance to budge.
Direct and Honest – Executives trust facts far more than abstract ideas or opinions. Straightforward statements and information are king, and Executive personalities return the honesty (whether it’s wanted or not).
Loyal, Patient and Reliable – Executives work to exemplify truthfulness and reliability, considering stability and security very important. When Executives say they’ll do something, they keep their word, making them very responsible members of their families, companies and communities.
Enjoy Creating Order – Chaos makes things unpredictable, and unpredictable things can’t be trusted when they are needed most – with this in mind, Executives strive to create order and security in their environments by establishing rules, structures and clear roles.
Excellent Organizers – This commitment to truth and clear standards makes Executives capable and confident leaders. People with this personality type have no problem distributing tasks and responsibilities to others fairly and objectively, making them excellent administrators.
Executive Weaknesses
Inflexible and Stubborn – The problem with being so fixated on what works is that Executives too often dismiss what might work better. Everything is opinion until proven, and Executive personalities are reluctant to trust an opinion long enough for it to have that chance.
Uncomfortable with Unconventional Situations – Executives are strong adherents to tradition and when suddenly forced to try unvetted solutions, they become uncomfortable and stressed. New ideas suggest that their methods weren’t good enough, and abandoning what has always worked before in favor of something that may yet fail risks their image of reliability.
Judgmental – Executives have strong convictions about what is right, wrong, and socially acceptable. Executives’ compulsion to create order often extends to all things and everyone, ignoring the possibility that there are two right ways to get things done. Executives do not hesitate to let these “deviants” know what they think, considering it their duty to set things right.
Too Focused on Social Status – Executives take pride in the respect of their friends, colleagues and community and while difficult to admit, are very concerned with public opinion. Executives (especially Turbulent ones) can get so caught up in meeting others’ expectations that they fail to address their own needs.
Difficult to Relax – This need for respect fosters a need to maintain their dignity, which can make it difficult to cut loose and relax for risk of looking the fool, even in good fun.
Difficulty Expressing Emotion – This is all evidence of Executives’ greatest weakness: expressing emotions and feeling empathy. People with the Executive personality type get so caught up in the facts and most effective methods that they forget to think of what makes others happy, or of their sensitivity. A detour can be breathtakingly beautiful, a joy for the family, but Executives may only see the consequence of arriving at their destination an hour late, hurting their loved ones by rejecting the notion too harshly.
Romantic Relationships
Executives are fairly unique in that their relationships don’t really change as they progress from the dating phase into more steady, long-term relationships and further into marriage. Because they value honesty and straightforwardness so highly, people with the Executive personality type are likely to be clear about who they are, what they’re like and what their goals are from the start, and to stick to those statements long-term. So long as their partner is able to take them at their word and follow suit, they are bound to be extremely stable relationships.
This Is the Chance to Do Something
This isn’t to say that there isn’t any growth of course – character development is always a high priority for Executives, and each life goal is important. Rather, it’s that shifting moods, goals and desires are unlikely to fundamentally alter the basis of Executives’ relationships.
There are certainly challenges, but Executives take their relationships seriously and are willing to put a tremendous amount of effort into ensuring that they remain strong and committed, and that effort pays off.
This may all sound a little stale, and indeed Executives are not spontaneous or unpredictable people, but they do very much enjoy taking their partners out and having fun. Social events and activities are Executives’ idea of a good time, and while they may rely on familiar people and places, they do bring lots of energy and enthusiasm, which helps keep things interesting.
Executives approach intimacy with similarly physical, active intentions, and from fairly traditional ones as well. Wild ideas and poetry are for less mature personalities, or so Executives might say, though they do appreciate recognition and well-placed compliments to maintain high self-esteem. They may look for more stability in their sex lives than most, but Executives never fail to bring their characteristic vigor.
This hints at a challenge in Executives’ relationships though, and that is emotional intimacy. Touchy-feely moments are few, as are verbal statements of love; this is usually fine, as Executive personalities find other, more tangible ways to express their affection. The problem is in recognizing the validity of those qualities in others, rather than simply dismissing them as pointless or irrational, something that can be extremely hurtful if Executives’ partners are more sensitive.
Pay the Price to Secure the Blessing
Executives address conflict head-on with simple statements of fact – a very rational approach – but subtlety and emotional tact are sacrificed in the process. While Executives’ level-headed, calm approach is appreciated by many, for others it is an uncomfortably direct approach. For all their social skills, Executives are especially bad at reading the emotional side of other people, and when it comes to their partners, it’s more important than ever to try to improve.
Executives are people of strong principles and strong self-confidence. They use these qualities to protect their partners with admirable consistency. But people with the Executive personality type are also stubborn, with a firm belief in their rightness, and they can quickly damage more sensitive partners’ fragile feelings. With this in mind, it is often best for Executives to find fellow Observant (S) partners in order to minimize communication barriers, with one or two opposing traits to balance their forceful character and provide opportunities for growth.
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