#river systems

[cmaidaartworkblog]

Some months ago, I created a series of maps and diagrams for @iguanodont​​‘s Birdbug worldbuilding project, representing the planet inhabited by their original species and its planetological data. This isn’t the first time I mapped out this planet, as I was also commissioned by Ripley back in 2020 back when I didn’t have nearly as much experience and knowledge as I do now. Two years later, I’ve been commissioned once again to revisit this world and its peculiarities.

This first map (in Equirectangular projection and poles-centered perspective) depicts the elevation for this planet, with a color gradient applied to the data.

Here is the same elevation data, presented without the color gradient.

This time, the elevation is presented with bodies of liquid water included, such as rivers, oceans, and lakes.

and in this one, the water is isolated from the other data, against a white background

Next, there are the surface temperatures that occur on this planet, the key to which is shown above. The four maps below show the seasonal temperatures for land and sea, in order of Northern Spring Equinox, Northern Summer Solstice, Northern Autumn Equinox, and Northern Winter Solstice.

Correlating closely to the above data is the snow and ice cover, which is fairly extensive on this planet owing to its high obliquity and distance from its star. Land ice only occurs where the snow falls and is compacted year-round, but snow and sea ice can be much more seasonal.

Seasonal precipitation levels were another important phase of this project, and the below diagram shows those levels for a given latitude (y-axis) on a given date (x-axis), with a key attached.

My reference for creating the above graphic is the figure below, which comes from a 2019 paper by A.H. Lobo and S. Bordoni titled “Atmospheric Dynamics of High Obliquity Planets”, and shows Earth’s precipitation levels compared to those of a planet with an 85° obliquity.

The following maps can now be better understood in light of these diagrams and keys.

-Northern Spring Equinox

-Northern Summer Solstice

-Northern Autumn Equinox

-Northern Winter Solstice

I was also tasked with mapping out the extent and density of this planet’s vegetation (or at least its alien equivalent), and from this you can see how wildly it varies by season, with very few year-round holdings. Precipitation is a major factor in where it is possible for plants to flourish, but snow cover and the extreme temperature swings limit it too. Near either pole, for example, within the space of a year temperatures soar far above Earth’s upper limits and also plummet below freezing; if either extreme were to be the annual norm for a region, some plants might adapt to those conditions, but because of the wild fluctuation any adaptations to one extreme would leave plants especially vulnerable to the other. These regions, then, remain barren regardless of rainfall or brief windows of mild temperatures, while areas with less wide temperature ranges allow for at least brief periods of flourishing.

Determining the surface temperatures for this planet required a lot of background work. The first piece of the puzzle for this was knowing the number of daily hours of sunlight for a given latitude and date, which is exemplified first in this diagram for Earth:

and then for the Birdbug planet, below. Since this planet rotates on an axis of 60 degrees, there are many more latitudes within range of either pole that experience periods of sunlight and darkness lasting longer than a day. The higher the latitude, the longer this period lasts, with the poles themselves experiencing either condition for half a year at a time.

Another important factor is the height to which the sun is seen to rise (more scientifically, the angle at which the sun’s light hits parts of the planet’s surface), seen here first for Earth and then for the Birdbug planet. In these diagrams, white represents the sun reaching the zenith of the sky (meeting the surface at a 90° angle), and black represents the sun failing to appear above the horizon (meeting at an angle of 0° or below), while shades of green and purple stand in for angles between those extremes. For Earth and the Birdbug planet alike, the sun reaches the zenith within the bounds of either planet’s Tropic circles of latitude, and fails to rise at all only within the Polar circles of latitude; the difference in obliquity means that the Birdbug planet’s key circles of latitude are flipped compared to Earth’s.

The duration of sunlight and the angle at which that sunlight is reaches the planet’s surface determine a planet’s Insolation, that is, the amount of solar energy it receives. The first image below is a preexisting diagram of Earth’s Insolation, where it is measured in watts per square meter. The next two images are my own attempts at replicating this data for Earth, and then for the Birdbug planet.

As seen in the diagrams above, Insolation on the Birdbug planet differs from Earth not only in its latitudinal distribution, but also in its sheer intensity at the higher latitudes. Compared to Earth there are twice as many latitudes for which the sun is shining longer than one rotational period, and many of those latitudes see the sun shine at a direct or nearly direct angle, whereas the Polar circles of latitude on Earth see the sun shine much more obliquely. Below, we can see the data that all the above figures were instrumental in finding: that is, surface temperatures. The first image is a preexisting figure that measures Earth’s mean surface temperatures by date and latitude, and below that is my attempt at replicating the data by my own process.

This is done not by just copying the seasonal Insolation data, but by also factoring in the yearly average for each latitude.

Above, we see the temperatures of the land by date and latitude, and below, we see the temperatures at the surface of the sea, which lag behind the land temperatures and remain comparatively mild.

Lastly, here’s an image I created to combine the snow and ice cover as well as the vegetation extent and density, as of the Northern Spring Equinox.  This, along with the elevation map also seen here, is what I uploaded to maptoglobe.com in order to produce the screenshot at the top of this post.

These maps and figures (except for the preexisting ones) were all created in Photopea.  Higher resolution versions of many of these images can be seen in my dedicated Reddit posts, linked below: reddit post one, reddit post two

2022

#mapmaking #imaginary maps #worldbuilding #major project #imaginary planetology #elevation #waterways #river systems #surface temperatures #ice and snow cover #sea ice #precipitation #vegetation #Insolation #high obliquity planets #explanatory diagrams #digital rendering #Photopea #Birdbug worldbuilding project #Birgs #Birgworld #2022 #digital painting #extremely long post #Christopher Maida Artwork

[nemfrog]

River systems of two hemispheres. The National encyclopedia for the home, school and library. v. X. 1923.

Internet Archive

#geography #diagram #rivers #river systems #branching #encyclopedia illustration #nemfrog #1923 #1920s

[kmalexander]

We Need to Talk About Your Rivers

The “rule of cool” is a common piece of advice for artists. Let your imagination run wild. And that applies to fantasy as well. By its very nature, rules are meant to be broken. It’s part of the mystique. It’s why the genre can be so compelling. But to really break the rules effectively, it helps to have a solid comprehension of the underlying contexts. The rule of cool can backfire when we push…

View On WordPress

#canals #deltas #estuaries #limnology #map making #river systems #rivers #stream orders #water #world building

[alleycat4eva]

If it's okay, could you tell us more about your dream job? It sounds interesting and I haven't heard anything about it

Okay so. Background is that there is a big hypoxic zone (no dissolved oxygen) in the gulf of Mexico. This is contributed to by excessive runoff from Agriculture and development. Basically extra nutrients go from lil canals to river systems to big Mississippi. This causes big algae blooms and massive dies offs and what is called eutriphication. Which is bodies of water aging before their time.

We knew this was happening for decades. We still know it's happening. The whole reason I went back to school was to work on this issue. (Goal: I will remove 10% of the excesses nutrients in the Mississippi) . I got a job as a research assistant to work on this.

No one, and I mean no one, is actually working on fixing it. Everyone is monitoring water systems or trying to work on more legislation.

That doesn't do anything /because it is already there./

It'd be like trying to prevent global warming but you can't because it's already warm. Only more because literally it's actively dying (reef bleaching, said hypoxic zone, record algae blooms, the crabs disapearing.)

Anyway, I thought somebody would be working on it ( I have read hundreds of research papers, largely on phytoremediation and rhizo-bacterial remediation) and there are methods that do show that they can work but fucking??? Nobody ??? Is doing out of lab testing or implementing these measures???

So I'm wondering why tf I would continue formal education if the job I want doesn't exist formally, and I why wouldn't take a higher paying job to save money and then spend my off work time implementing measures myself. Dream job somebody pays me so I can spend all my time working on developing and implementing measures to improve water quality.

#enviroment #eutriphication #water quality #dream job #you pay me and i fix water #i would be sooooo happy #i mean literally i could by my own acreage and do field tests there #give me a year or two i can buy a ph and nutrient meter myself #as well as a micrscope to monitor algae species #like god damn i will do this myself if i have to #not sewage treatment #though there is a lot of knowledge there #but like natural #river systems

[babkaboy]

one of the requests was a medieval au with dragon!anakin and physician!obi-wan and naturally i cheated and drew targaryen prince anakin and grand maestre obi-wan

#obikin #anaobi #one would say he’s a dragon… from a certain point of view 👹 #sorry i just binged GOT and HOTD again and had to take this out of my system #also i hc obi-wan coming from de riverlands and i will die on this hill #(​yes he’s wearing the river stone qui-gon gave him)

[plusie]

#plushie #cute #agere #age dreaming #age regression #agedre #system little #little #stuffie #stuffed animal #fish #lake #river #bass #largemouth bass #salmon #trout #rainbow trout #sockeye salmon #png #transparent

[the-wolf-and-moon]

Dark River to Antares

#Astronomy #NASA #Night #Sky #Stars #Space #Science #Universe #Cosmos #Cosmic #Solar System #Dark #River #Antares #Nebula #Galaxy #Constellations #Constellation #Rainbow #Bright

[userboxezz]

this user does not support genocide and stands with Palestine

if you are unaware, Isreal has been bombing Palestine and the Gaza strip for over 75 years. they do not plan to stop. educate yourself on the situation, boycott, and donate what you can. you are bound to find information in the #Palestine tag among other palestine related tags on tumblr and twitter.

userboxes are under the cut:)

this user does not support genocide and stands with Palestine.

this system does not support genocide and stands with Palestine.

this user does not support genocide and stands with Palestine.

thank you for looking! from the river to the sea 🇵🇸

#palestine #free palestine 🇵🇸 #i stand with palestine 🇵🇸 #from the river to the sea 🇵🇸 #free gaza 🇵🇸 #free palestine #free gaza #gaza strip #gaza #gaza genocide #gazaunderattack #gazaunderfire #gaza under genocide #gaza under attack #gaza under fire #isreal is a terrorist state #userboxes #userbox #system userbox #palestine userbox #from the river to the sea palestine will be free #from the river to the see #palestine boycott #palestine sunbird #traumagenic system #endo dni #dni endos #endos dni

[tygerland]

George Henry River Landscape by Moonlight. 1887. Oil on canvas: 30 × 35 cm (12 × 14 in).

#full moon #nature #landscape #river #night #art #harvest moon #culture #supermoon #astronomy #sky #moon #space #moonlight #19th century #painting #1880s #solar system #1800s #art history #🎨 📚

[umbrellainkart]

Aaron Bushnell's self immolation in front of the Israeli Embassy in Washington DC will never be forgotten. A protest of that extremity speaks to the sadness and frustration the world feels at the ongoing genocide of Palestine. His last words are a call to action.

#free palestine #aaron bushnell #from the river to the sea palestine will be free #self immolation #fire tw #digital art #sketch #politics #had to get this out of my system.

[feckcops]

Workers around the world can stand up for Palestinians

“Understanding what is happening in Palestine is only part of the battle — we must also think about how we can take action in solidarity with the Palestinian people.

“In recent days, Palestinian trade unions have called on workers around the world to demand an ‘end to all forms of complicity with Israel’s crimes’ by taking action to disrupt the flow of weapons to the Israeli war machine.

“There are several Israeli weapons companies located across the UK, including Elbit Systems, which has frequently been targeted by Palestinian organizers. UK weapons manufacturers like BAE Systems are also involved with the construction of technology being used against Palestine. The Campaign Against the Arms Trade (CAAT) and other NGOs have compiled data that shows the embeddedness of British industry in producing weapons for use by Israel.

“The very least Palestine should be able to expect from the world in terms of solidarity is an end to their active complicity in the terror being unleashed by the Israeli state. It is critical that British trade unions express solidarity with Palestine — and consider ways to disrupt the shipment of arms to Israel.

“There is a long tradition of such international solidarity within the labor movement. In the 1970s, workers in a factory manufacturing jets being used by Pinochet’s brutal authoritarian regime announced a boycott of shipments to Chile. More recently, unionized workers in Italy, South Africa, and the United States refused to load shipments of arms headed to Israel.

“It is easy to think of these as small, isolated actions that do little to arrest the functioning of the global arms trade. However, history has shown that actions, however small, can be of outsized importance in placing material limitations on the criminal actions of states.”

#free gaza #free palestine #from the river to the sea #occupation of palestine #israeli occupation #genocide #israeli war crimes #war crimes #israeli apartheid #gaza #elbit systems #bae systems #arms manufacturers #trade unions #unions #workers of the world #pinochet #israel #palestine #middle east

[sugas6thtooth]

The video itself is jarring.

Angle 1:

https://x.com/eyeonpalestine/status/1769064792604512294?s=46&t=-a24odlM9AXAA94KqL08gg

Angle 2:

https://x.com/ayafa48/status/1769070308303020121?s=46&t=-a24odlM9AXAA94KqL08gg

Had this happened in America, you'd say this is brutality and an abuse of power.

You cannot expect Palestinians to coexist with this.

#Laith Al Atrash #free palestine #palestine #gaza #from the river to the sea palestine will be free #free gaza #west bank #pray for palestine #police brutality #discrimination #systemic oppression #genocide #ceasefire #permanent ceasefire #israel #israel is an apartheid state #america #usa #current events

[philcoulsonismyhero]

There's a lot of lines in Amongst Our Weapons that make me want to wave my arms around and yell incoherently about Peter and Nightingale and how far they've come and how much they mean to each other, but right now the one I want to yell about the most is this one from right at the end:

Image text: 'The wider the base, the greater the stability of the building,' said Nightingale. 'You taught me that.'

Because, like. Peter wanted to be an architect. The thing he always wanted to do was to build things. And look what he's built! He hasn't just rebuilt the Folly as it was, he's built something modern and completely new out of its constituent parts and he's done it by caring about people and being interested in how things work and by what Beverly jokingly calls 'compulsive networking'.

And everything he's done for the Folly, he's done for Nightingale on a personal level too.

Nightingale was So isolated when Peter first met him. His police colleagues didn't want much to do with him, his social circle seemed to consist of Molly and Dr Walid and not much more, he was completely out of touch with the modern world. And to his credit, he was the one who decided to take on an apprentice, but that was pretty much all he was planning to do. Train up a replacement for himself in case he got killed, pass on the Forms and Wisdoms properly, keep the status quo going.

But he chose Peter, and suddenly he's got an apprentice who wants to study the science behind magic and modernise the Folly's record keeping and work out better ways to liaise with other police and fundamentally Make Changes. Nightingale ends up with all these connections through Peter, to Beverley and the other Thames girls, to Lesley, to Abigail, eventually to the rest of Peter's family, to other police like Guleed and Stephanopoulos and unfortunately for him Seawoll... He has people he can rely on, and who choose to rely on him, and not just for magic -I especially love how Peter's mum eventually starts using him to babysit Peter's dad, and the fact that he helps Abigail's family with her brother. He's not alone anymore, and he goes from just living to genuinely thriving.

And it's all down to Peter, and what the two of them have built together. In fact, they've built something so significant that in a few years Nightingale isn't going to be necessary anymore. He's been Britain's Last Official Wizard for seventy years, all the weight of that tradition resting on his shoulders alone, and in a handful of years Peter has helped him to build something that'll be able to take the weight instead if he wants it to. There are people who can help do everything he's been doing alone and more, so finally he can think about what he actually wants for himself. (And don't even get me started on his arc re: teaching and discovering that it's what he wants to do for the rest of his life, I Will start yelling even more.)

And it's Peter who's taught him to let other people take the weight. That you can build something stable and lasting if you're willing to share the load. The wider the base, the greater the stability of the building.

Not bad for a wannabe architect who can't draw, huh?

#rivers of london #peter grant #thomas nightingale #amongst our weapons #once again I am deeply emotionally compromised by that book and those two #and like. the fact that peter's architecture thing comes off as just a fun character quirk #but then you think about it and it's kind of Fundamental to the themes of the whole series #which is about Building #building connections building systems building Better Things #and our protagonist is a guy who couldn't be an architect #and his mentor is a guy who slowly realises just how much he wants to be a teacher #Waving My Arms Around And Yelling #wizard nonsense tag

[motherofplatypus]

Ever since i start spamming the UN posts demanding them to abolish the veto system, countless "people" have been saying its useless and all those bullshits that you can guess what they said. So im saying this once and for all.

Aaron Bushnell didn't burn himself to death for nothing.

Rachel Corrie didn't get crushed alive by bulldozer for nothing.

Shireen Abu Akleh didn't get shot for nothing.

13.000+ children didn't get killed for nothing.

76 years of Palestinians deaths and suffering didn't happen for nothing.

I've had my share of silence, in one case where im aware of the situation and chose to ignore it. I loathed myself and every second of it. Im fucking done being silent, and i am not gonna do that anymore.

"You think doing this can make a change by spamming them?" Well fuck you, zionist pigs 🖕 you said that about the boycott and protest, but look at reality! We've done more in 3 months because of that than those UN fucks ever did in 5 months, because they're so busy bending over and let US veto shag them in their ass like a sissy little bitch.

Change will happen.

Never underestimate the power of humanity.

#abolish veto system #palestine #save palestine #pray for palestine #support palestine #palestinian genocide #from the river to the sea palestine will be free #gaza genocide #free gaza #gaza strip #gaza #gazaunderattack #genocide #stop genocide #fuck america #fuck israel #israel #boycott israel #stop israel #israel is an apartheid state #israel is a terrorist state #united nations #us veto #veto

[lucifers-writing]

Posting this on all my accounts. Israel has officially bombed rafah, the last place 'safe' for Palestinians.

If you are pro-Israel, block me. I am disgusted in you.

This is a genocide. This is an ethnic cleansing. We must speak up.

Turn off the damn Super Bowl and look at reality.

I cannot imagine a life where I am constantly in fear of losing my family, so no one else should.

#osdd #palestine #free palestine #system #did system #from the river to the sea palestine will be free #gaza #free gaza #hamas

[the-wolf-and-moon]

Dark River to Antares

#Astronomy #NASA #Night #Sky #Stars #Space #Science #Universe #Cosmos #Cosmic #Solar System #Antares #River #Nebula #Galaxy #Constellations #Constellation #Rainbow #Bright