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reasoningdaily · 1 year

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Portrait of Charles Curtis Strauss Peyton, Kansas City, Missouri, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

In 2021, Senator Kamala Harris made history as the first woman, first African American, and first person of South Asian heritage to become vice president of the United States. But she wasn’t the first person of color to take the office. That honor belongs to Charles Curtis, an enrolled member of the Kaw Nation who served as President Herbert Hoover’s veep for his entire first term from 1929 to 1933. Prejudice against Native Americans was widespread and intense at the time, but Curtis’s ascent to the office speaks to his skillful navigation of the political system. His rise also tells a broader story of how prominent Native Americans viewed how their communities should assimilate within a predominately white society and government. The policies Curtis pursued in Congress and then as vice president, specifically those on Native issues, cloud his legacy today despite his groundbreaking achievements.

Curtis was born in 1860 to a white father from a wealthy Topeka family and a mother who was one quarter Kaw (a tribe also known as Kanza or Kansa). When he was young, Curtis’ mother died, and his father fought in the Civil War for the United States. Growing up, he spent time living with both his sets of grandparents and for eight years, he lived on the Kaw reservation. Curtis grew up speaking Kanza and French before he learned English.

Mark Brooks, site administrator for the Kansas Historical Society’s Kaw Mission site, says Curtis was known for his personal charisma.

“He had a knack for conversation,” Brooks says. “He was just a very likeable person even early on when he was just a young boy in Topeka.”

In 1873, the federal government forced the Kaw south to Indian Territory, which would later become Oklahoma. The adolescent Curtis wanted to move with his community, but, according to his Senate biography, his Kaw grandmother talked him into staying with his paternal grandparents and continuing his education.

“I took her splendid advice and the next morning as the wagons pulled out for the south, bound for Indian Territory, I mounted my pony and with my belongings in a flour sack, returned to Topeka and school,” Curtis later recalled, in a flourish of self-mythologizing. “No man or boy ever received better advice, it was the turning point in my life.”

Curtis gained some fame as a talented horse rider, known on the circuit as “Indian Charlie.” But his grandparents on both sides encouraged him to pursue a professional career, and he became a lawyer and then a politician. Contemporary accounts cite his personal charm and willingness to work hard served him well in politics. Kansas politician and newspaper editor William Allen White described him carrying books with the names of Republicans in each Kansas township, mumbling the names “like a pious worshiper out of a prayer book” so that he could greet each of them by name and ask about their family.

Despite the racist treatment of the Kaw by white Kansans—which included land theft and murder—many whites were obviously willing to vote for Curtis.

“The one thing that might have lightened the persecution of Curtis was that he was half white,” Brooks says. “He’s light-complected, he’s not dark-skinned like a lot of Kanza. His personality wins people over—unfortunately, racists can like a person of color and still be a racist, and I think that’s kind of what happened with Charlie. He was just a popular kid.”

Curtis rose within the Republican Party that dominated Kansas and became a congressman, then senator, and eventually Senate majority leader. In office, he was a loyal Republican and an advocate for women’s suffrage and child labor laws.

Throughout his time in Congress, Curtis also consistently pushed for policies that many Native Americans today say were a disaster for their nations. He favored the Dawes Act of 1887, passed a few years before he entered Congress, which allowed the federal government to divide tribal lands into individual plots, which eventually led to the selling of their land to the public. And in 1898, as a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs, he drafted what became known as the Curtis Act, extending the Dawes Act’s provisions to the so-called “Five Civilized Tribes” of Oklahoma.

“[The Curtis Act] enabled the dissolution of many tribal governments in Oklahoma on the path to Oklahoma becoming a state,” says Donald Grinde, a historian at the University at Buffalo who has Yamasse heritage. “And of course, that [opened up] tribal land in Oklahoma to white settlers, sooners.”

Curtis also supported Native American boarding schools, in which children were taken from their families and denied access to their own languages and cultures. Abuse was rampant. Grinde cites the schools as a factor in the population decline of Native Americans between 1870 and the 1930s.

“You tell mothers, ‘OK, you’re going to give birth to a child, but at 5 they’re going to be taken from you,’” Grinede says. “Lots of Indian women chose not to have children.”

Historian Jeanne Eder Rhodes, a retired professor at the University of Alaska and enrolled member of the Assiniboine and Sioux tribes, says land division under the Dawes and Curtis Acts ultimately “destroyed everything” for many Native American tribes. At the time, however, Curtis’ positions were far from unique among Native Americans. While many were dead set against land division and other policies pushed by the federal Bureau of Indian Affairs, others believed that tribes must assimilate into white American society and adopt norms like individual land ownership.

“At the turn of the century when he’s working there are very prominent Indian scholars and writers and professional Indian people who are all talking about these issues,” Rhodes says. “Some of them are opposed to the idea, some of them are opposed to the Bureau of Indian Affairs, some of them are working for the Bureau of Indian Affairs.”

She said Curtis, like other Native American assimilationists, was concerned with issues like the education and health of Native American people, who were already suffering immensely in a pre-Dawes Act United States. And, she said, if Curtis hadn’t supported assimilation, he would never have gotten far in the era’s white-dominated politics.

“What do you do when you’re in a situation like Curtis?” Rhodes says. “He’s proud of his heritage and yet he wants to be in a position where he can do something to support Native issues. I think he tried his best and I think he regretted, in the end, being assimilationist.”

As Curtis approached his late 60s, already having achieved so much, he had one more rung to climb on the political ladder. In 1927, when Republican President Calvin Coolidge announced that he would not run for another term, he saw his chance to run for President the following year.

His plan was to run a behind-the-scenes campaign, seeking support from delegates who he hoped would see him as a compromise candidate if they couldn’t come together behind one of the frontrunners. Unfortunately for him, that scenario didn’t pan out; Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover won on the first ballot.

By this time, there was already bad blood between Curtis and Hoover. The senator had bristled at Hoover’s choice in 1918 to campaign for Democratic candidates and tried to stop then-President Warren G. Harding from appointing him to his cabinet, which he did anyway in 1921. Seven years later, the Republican Party saw putting the two together on their ticket as the solution to a serious problem: Hoover was tremendously unpopular with farmers. Curtis, Kansas’ beloved veteran senator, offered the perfect choice to balance out the Commerce Secretary.

But what about his race? Grinde says Republican Party leaders and voters would have been aware of Curtis’ Kaw identity.

“They recognized that he was one-eighth Indian, but he had served the interests of white people for a long, long time,” Grinde says.

He also notes that the relationship of white Americans of the time with Native American identity was complicated. For some white people with no cultural links to Native nations, it might be a point of pride to claim that their high cheekbones marked them as descendants of an “American Indian princess.”

Despite his assimilationist politics, throughout his career Curtis honored his Kaw heritage. He had an Indian jazz band play at the 1928 inauguration and decorated the vice presidential office with Native American artifacts. And, even if many Native American people were unhappy with the land allotment plans he had championed, many Kaw were proud of him. When he was chosen for the vice presidential slot on the Republican ticket, Kaw communities in Oklahoma declared “Curtis Day,” and some of his Kaw relations attended the inauguration.

After all he had achieved to reach the vice presidency, Curtis’ time in office was anticlimactic. Hoover remained suspicious of his former rival and, despite Curtis’ enormous expertise in the workings of Congress, kept him away from policy. Washington insiders joked that the vice president could only get into the White House if he bought a ticket for the tour. The best-known event of his term involved a dispute over social protocol between Curtis’ sister, Dolly, and Theodore Roosevelt’s daughter, Alice. Dolly acted as Curtis’s hostess since his wife had died before he became vice president, and asserted that this gave her the right to be seated before the wives of congressmen and diplomats at formal dinners. Alice bristled over what she characterized as the questionable “propriety of designating any one not a wife to hold the rank of one.” And, aside from personal squabbles, the onset of the Great Depression made the White House a difficult place to be. In 1932 the Hoover-Curtis ticket lost in a landslide defeat to New York Governor Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Speaker of the House John Nance Garner.

And yet, Brooks says, Curtis did not lose his taste for politics. After his defeat he chose to stay in Washington as a lawyer rather than go home to Topeka. When he died of a heart attack in 1936, he was still living in the capital.

“That had become who he was,” Brooks says.

#american history #Charles Curtis #Kaw Nation #Who Was Charles Curtis #the First Vice President of Color?

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scotianostra · 7 months

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On 17th October 1821 Alexander Gardner, renowned photographer of the American Civil War was born in Paisley.

Gardner became an apprentice jeweller at the age of 14, lasting seven years. He had a Church of Scotland upbringing and was influenced by the work of Robert Owen, Welsh socialist and father of the cooperative movement. By the time he reached adulthood he and his brother James had the idea to create a cooperative in the United States that would incorporate socialist values, they travelled to Iowa with this in mind in 1850, Alexander returned to Scotland to raise money for the project and purchased the Glasgow Sentinel, quickly turning it into the second largest newspaper in the city.

On his return to the United States in 1851, Gardner paid a visit to the Great Exhibition in Hyde Park, New York, where he saw the photographs of Mathew Brady for the first time. Shortly afterward, Gardner began reviewing exhibitions of photographs in the Glasgow Sentinel, as well as experimenting with photography on his own.

In 1856, Gardner decided to over permanently to America, eventually settling in New York. He soon found employment with Mathew Brady as a photographer. At first, Gardner specialized in making large photographic prints, called Imperial photographs, but as Brady’s eyesight began to fail, Gardner took on more and more responsibilities. In 1858, Brady put him in charge of the entire gallery.

Two years later, Gardner opened a portrait studio for Brady in Washington, D.C. It was so successful that it helped to support Brady’s more extravagant New York studio.

When the American Civil War erupted in 1861, Gardner assisted Brady in his effort to make a complete photographic record of the conflict. Brady, however, refused to give Gardner public credit for his work. Gardner therefore left Brady in 1863, opened a portrait gallery in Washington, and continued to photograph the hostilities on his own. His photographs President Lincoln on the Battlefield of Antietam as seen in the photos and other portraits of Lincoln are among the best-known photographs of the war period.

Gardner’s Photographic Sketch Book of the Civil War, a two-volume collection of 100 original prints, was published in 1866. When Brady petitioned Congress to buy his photographs of the war, Gardner presented a rival petition, claiming that it was he, not Brady, who had originated the idea of providing the nation with a photographic history of the conflict. Congress eventually bought both collections.

In 1867 Gardner became the official photographer for the Union Pacific Railroad. Primarily active in Kansas, he photographed the building of the railroad and the new settlements that grew up near it. He also compiled valuable photographic documentation of the Plains Indians of North America.

Returning to Washington, he gradually lost interest in photography and devoted the rest of his life to philanthropy.

In 1871, Gardner gave up photography entirely to start an insurance company. He lived in Washington until his death in 1882. Regarding his work he said, “It is designed to speak for itself. As mementos of the fearful struggle through which the country has just passed, it is confidently hoped that it will possess an enduring interest.”

The first pic is of Alexander Gardner, next is Ta-Tan-Kah-Sa-Pah (Black Bull) of the Brule-Sioux tribe, North Dakota, President Lincoln on Battle-Field of Antietam and Abraham Lincoln and his son Thomas, then Lewis Payne, one of the men involved in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln and finally the Leavenworth, Lawrence, and Galveston Railroad Bridge across the Kaw River at Lawrence, Kansas, in 1867

#scotland #scottish #USA #photographer #Paisley

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jonquilyst · 2 months

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Ty @akitasimblr for tagging me in this character fill-out tag! I'm gonna do Jayden this time bc I've done plenty of these games for Megyn and Eva ^^

NAME: Jayden Kane (pronounced Kaw-neh)

NICKNAME: Sometimes called "Jay" for short. Often called "bro" by his older brother Dylan (Jayden calls him bro too)

GENDER: Male (he/him)

STAR SIGN: Sagittarius

HEIGHT: 6'0" or 183 cm

ORIENTATION: Pansexual

NATIONALITY/ETHNICITY: His nationality is American (as my story canonically takes place in an AU/sims version of the US). His ethnicity is Native Hawaiian.

FAVOURITE FRUIT: I think he'd be a sucker for mangoes

FAVOURITE SEASON: Summer

FAVOURITE FLOWER: Small white daisies

FAVOURITE SCENT: The smell of cooking food, but also weird scents like gasoline

COFFEE, TEA, or HOT CHOCOLATE: He's a hot chocolate boi. He doesn't like the taste of coffee nor tea

AVERAGE HOURS OF SLEEP: Around 6. He tries to get enough sleep but there are some nights where the time runs out on him and he stays up too late...

DOGS or CATS: He likes both and would own both, especially if the animal was super playful.

DREAM TRIP: He'd absolutely love to go Mt. Komorebi or anywhere in Japan.

NUMBER OF BLANKETS: 1 not including his bed sheets, even in the cold winters of San My/Windenburg, though his comforter is fairly thick. It's a habit remaining from living in a warmer climate (Sulani) and then in foster care where he didn't have a lot on him, but I think he'd dislike heavy/multiple blankets so he doesn't feel weighed down.

RANDOM FACT: His brother Dylan is 8 years older than him, and this age gap is the reason Dylan was able to earn custody of Jayden. At the time Dylan was 18 and had just gotten his own place in Windenburg. He was able to use these two facts (legal adult and having stable housing) to whisk Jayden out of foster care. Dylan is now 27 years old and will soon be marrying his fiancée

Tagging @holocene-sims @spurgees @micrathene-w @ashubii (but feel free to ignore!)

#tag game #Jayden Kane

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eventtimeltd · 8 months

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lightgaswaterelectricityrent · 2 months

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'Following that drum': Oscar-nominated Osage composer Scott George heads to Academy Awards

Although he already had composed a half-dozen songs, George said crafting the "Killers of the Flower Moon" coda presented a special challenge. Starting in 2000 with a musical homage to one of his dearest mentors and adoptive father, the late Morris Lookout, the singer had primarily created honor songs in tribute to different people, either out of love or by request. And he had mostly composed them in the Ponca language, which is similar to the languages of the Osage, Omaha, Kaw and Quapaw tribes and often used in powwow and dance songs. Still, he and fellow singer Vann Bighorse, then the director of the Osage Nation Language Department, accepted the challenge, each composing an original Osage-language song for the movie. George kept his song simple, but with a message he hoped would help his people heal after the movie's vital but painful revisting of such a tragic time in Osage history. "'Wahzhazhe' is what we call ourselves now … and I'm asking my people to stand up. I want them to stand up with the understanding that God brought us all through that, and we're here today because of that. And we should be thankful," George said, his voice thickening with emotion.

#killers of the flower moon

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spnfolklorebang · 1 year

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Stag and Deer

story by @hectatess, art by @zybynarx

Link to fic here

Link to art here

Tags: Shapeshifter AU, Fae!Cas, Shapeshifter!Dean, First Nation folklore, Fae folklore

Archive Warning: None apply

Summary: As a shapeshifting guardian of the forests around Kansas, Dean is used to a lot. So, when he sees a pure white doe, and feels somehow drawn to it, he doesn’t question it much. His brother Sam introduces him to a Kaw friend he had made, Tarlo. Tarlo tells Dean about a Deer Lady that supposedly was sighted in these woods. Was that doe her?

#spnbang #spn fanfic #spn folklore #spn fanart #fanart #fanfic #artists #supernatural writers

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nightsidewrestling · 2 months

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D.U.D.E Bios: Macaulay Rhydderch

The Cyhyraeth Duke of C.R.C Macaulay Rhydderch (2020)

Patrick's eldest son and Naoise's grandson, Macaulay. An Irish-Catholic living in Wales and an aspiring and sympathetic father. He's one of Kirby's first cousins once removed.

"Know your limits, push until you hit 'em."

Name

Full Legal Name: Macaulay Vespasian Sirius Rigel Rhydderch

First Name: Macaulay

Meaning: From a Scottish surname, an Anglicized form of Gaelic 'Mac Amhalghaidh', a given name of unknown meaning.

Pronunciation: ma-KAW-lee

Origin: English

Middle Name(s): Vespasian, Sirius, Rigel

Meaning(s): Vespasian: From the Roman cognomen 'Vespasianus', derived either from Latin 'Vesper' meaning 'West' or 'Evening' or 'Vespa' meaning 'Wasp'. Sirius: The name of a bright star in the constellation Canis Major, derived via Latin from Greek 'Seirios' meaning 'Burning'. Rigel: Derived from Arabic 'Al-Rijl' meaning 'Foot'.

Pronunciation(s): vehs-PA-zhee-an. SIR-ee-as. RIE-jal.

Origin(s): History. Astronomy. Astronomy.

Surname: Rhydderch

Meaning: From the given name 'Rhydderch' from the Old Welsh name 'Riderch', derived from 'Ri' 'King' and 'Derch' 'Exalted'.

Pronunciation: HRUDH-ehrkh

Origin: Welsh

Alias: Cyhyraeth Duke, Macaulay Rhydderch

Reason: This is Macaulay's ring name

Nicknames: Mac

Titles: Mr

Characteristics

Age: 21

Gender: Male. He/Him Pronouns

Race: Human

Nationality: Welsh

Ethnicity: White

Birth Date: September 28th 1999

Symbols: Banshees, Cyhyraeths, Ghosts, Crowns

Sexuality: Straight

Religion: Irish-Catholic

Native Language: Welsh

Spoken Languages: Welsh, Irish, Scottish (Scots Gaelic), English

Relationship Status: Married

Astrological Sign: Libra

Theme Song: 'Yeah Yeah' - Cyndi Lauper (2017-)

Voice Actor: Jonny Owen

Geographical Characteristics

Birthplace: Llanfaethlu, Anglesey, Wales

Current Location: Llanfaethlu, Anglesey, Wales

Hometown: Llanfaethlu, Anglesey, Wales

Appearance

Height: 6'0" / 182 cm

Weight: 178 lbs / 80 kg

Eye Colour: Blue

Hair Colour: Brown

Hair Dye: None

Body Hair: Sparse

Facial Hair: Clean Shaven

Tattoos: (As of Jan 2020) 5

Piercings: Ear Lobe (Triple, Both), Snake Eyes

Scars: None

Health and Fitness

Allergies: None

Alcoholic, Smoker, Drug User: Smoker, Social Drinker

Illnesses/Disorders: None Diagnosed

Medications: None

Any Specific Diet: None

Relationships

Allies: (As of Jan 2020) The Rhydderch Clan

Enemies: (As of Jan 2020) None

Friends: Adam Nye, Roger Lum, Macario Marino, Joseph Winter, Enrico Di Napoli, Heddwyn Rhydderch, Padrig Llewellyn, Pace Rhydderch, Fabian Rhydderch, Hale O'Hannigan, Walker Rhydderch

Colleagues: The C.R.C Locker Rooms / Too Many To List

Rivals: None

Closest Confidant: Anwen Rhydderch

Mentor: Patrick Rhydderch

Significant Other: Anwen Rhydderch (22, Wife, Née MacIntyre)

Previous Partners: None of Note

Parents: Patrick Rhydderch (41, Father), Moira Rhydderch (42, Mother, Née Callaghan)

Parents-In-Law: Fionn MacIntyre (51, Father-In-Law), Aderyn MacIntyre (52, Mother-In-Law, Née Mac an Gholl)

Siblings: Napier Rhydderch (18, Brother), Oighrig Rhydderch (15, Sister), Paige Rhydderch (12, Sister), Quintus Rhydderch (9, Brother), Radcliff Rhydderch (6, Brother), Sable Rhydderch (3, Sister)

Siblings-In-Law: Maksmilijan MacIntyre (19, Anwen's Brother), Myrto MacIntyre (16, Anwen's Sister), Mislav MacIntyre (13, Anwen's Brother), Oenone MacIntyre (10, Anwen's Sister), Radovan MacIntyre (7, Anwen's Brother), Pistis MacIntyre (4, Anwen's Sister), Slobodan MacIntyre (1, Anwen's Brother)

Nieces & Nephews: None

Children: Alpin Rhydderch (1, Son)

Children-In-Law: None

Grandkids: None

Great Grandkids: None

Wrestling

Billed From: Anglesey, Wales

Trainer: The C.R.C Wrestling School, Naoise Rhydderch, Patrick Rhydderch

Managers: Anwen Rhydderch

Wrestlers Managed: Anwen Rhydderch

Debut: 2017

Debut Match: Macaulay Rhydderch VS Patrick Rhydderch. Double Count Out

Retired: N/A

Retirement Match: N/A

Wrestling Style: Brawler / Hardcore

Stables: The Rhydderch Clan (2017-)

Teams: No Team Names

Regular Moves: Belly To Back Suplex, Bulldog, Figure-Four Leglock, Inverted Atomic Drop, Low Blow, Multiple Jabs, Poking / Raking Opponent’s Eyes, Running High Knee Strike, Big Boot, Atomic Drop, Backbreaker Rack, Diving Overhead Chop, High Knee, One-Armed Body Slam, Piledriver, Running Big Boot, Running Leg Drop, Vertical Suplex Powerslam

Finishers: Sleeper Hold, Jumping Knee Drop, Top Rope Jumping Knee Drop

Refers To Fans As: The Fans, The Family

Extras

Backstory: Macaulay Rhydderch of the C.R.C (Welsh Wrestling League / Cynghrair Reslo Cymru) owning Rhydderch family. When Patrick dies Macaulay will have a 1/392 ownership of the promotion. Macaulay is a 'Cyhyraeth Style’ (Brawler / Hardcore) trainer. He’s mostly Irish.

Trivia: Nothing of Note

#D.U.D.E #original character #Rhydderch #C.R.C Wrestling Family #C.R.C Wrestling Promotion #C.R.C Wrestling School #Rhydderch Clan

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orchidyoonkook · 1 year

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BTS ask game:

5, 21, 30, 38, 45! 💝

Violet, my love. My darling. I adore you.

5. Favorite album?

Goddamnit uhhhhhhh. That’s a hard one. My lazy ass wants to say proof cuz it has 90% of my favourites. But I’ll answer properly and say probably a tie between Love Yourself: Tear and Love Yourself: Her

21. Name the feature you like the most about each member!

Let’s go with physical features so I don’t lose my mind.

Jin: cheek bones dude. Cheek. Bones.

Yoongi: 🫠🫠 hands or face. Or literally everything.

Hobi: SMILE. Or his nose tbh.

Joon: mmm. Big. Uh I mean Um aside from his brain and all it’s inner workings his eyes. They are what made him my initial bias and I credit them for making me army.

Jimin: jawline. It’s unmatched.

Tae: His ratios. Like his body proportions. Top. Notch.

Jk: all of him. Nose. Eyes. Thighs. Tattoos. TATTOOS. Heart. Brain. Abs are cool. Forearms.

Take away the fact he’s JK. Pretend he’s a nobody on the street. He’s literally my ideal physical type. Muscular but not too much. Taller than me by a bit. Tatted up. Strong features. Good nose. Kind eyes. Cute smile. Good hands and legs. He matches up with everything.

30. Rank the dance line in terms of favourite dancing style!

Jimin. JK. Hobi. V.

38. What accessory would you bring for a fansign and for which member?

Like to give them?

I’m kind of anal about gift giving. I like them to be something the person would genuinely want and use or admire. So I don’t quite know what I would give?

Funny enough, I’ve actually done this with another band. My mum and I gave them all bracelets on tour and they wore them for the rest of it and I have the pictures to prove it.

My very first thought though is something signed by Nas for Joon. But I would most likely do hella research first to see what I could reasonably get one of them and they’d use and enjoy it.

45. If money, distance and the like weren't a problem, what kind of gift would you give them to their birthday?

Well. That being said with the previous question. I literally spent like 25 minutes on this. Yoongi and Jk were the hardest. Tae was the easiest.

Jin: a motor fishing boat, one he could take out and use any time he wanted or needed to

Yoongi: a bottle of nicely aged whiskey, the day off in bed (or just at home) with holly, and a fresh, black leather bound notebook with a personalized inscription on the inside to write down new ideas.

Hobi: collaboration collection deal with Kaws where he’s the creative director for the figures

Joon: lunch or dinner with his three biggest life and musical influences.

Jimin: a trip to a national Korean ballet company show and dinner at his favourite restaurant

Tae: original drawings//stills from the early simpsons episodes signed by the creators

JK: an anonymous day back home where he could walk anywhere he wanted like any other person and not be recognized by people or paps or dispatch. Just a regular normal boy. // or \\ a home cooked meal, a night in with his favourite movie and a signed iron man comic book by Stan Lee and RDJ.

#i spent so long on this holy moly #thanks for asking!!!#Violet!!!#violetsiren90 #asks #ask games with yoon #ms.mailbox📬

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vausena · 1 year

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War Breaks Out Between the Southern Alliance and the Allied Effective

[Federal Kingdom of Vau’sena, Volios, Mokaia- 28 June 2053

Annalies Willems, Cosonan News Network]

On the morning of the 18th, the New Republic of Korlan launched a coordinated attack on Vau’sena, propelling Vau’sena and the Southern Alliance into war with Korlan and the Allied Effective. The opening of the war has seen fighting erupt through Korlanic naval assaults on the Volian city of Drapeta and the Kuwharan islands of Hokoihoko and Hokotae, as well as skirmishes against the Korlanic Army and an unmarked vessel on Sonder and in the Led Eteijer Sea, respectively.

Republic of Volios, Óplo County (Volios Dimokratía, Komiteía Óplo), Drapeta

The first shots of the war were fired against the City of Drapeta in Volios at 7:15 AM by the Korlanic Navy. The 3 hour-long assault heavily damaged the city’s port, which serves as a major port of entry for shipments to Ramisola from Western Ailou, Rheasilvia, and Eastern Zapita. Damages to the port and the danger presented by the Korlanic assault are expected to cost Volios upwards of VSP 70 billion in damages and lost trade this year, compounding Vau’senaan economic constraints felt though its loss of an economically-viable neighbor in the former Great Hegi and the existing restrictions to trade with Ailou due to the fracture of the South Samudric League over tensions between Vau’senaan and Korlanic-aligned nations.

Despite these constraints to the regional economy however, Volios has seen a massive wave of pro-Vau’senaan sentiment in the last week which has led nearly 90,000 people in the province to volunteer for military service, causing lines in some recruitment offices to stretch for nearly a kilometer in major cities as former conscripts rally to the nation’s defense. Volunteer organizations have been seen passing out food and water to those in line, much of which has been generously donated by local restaurants and food banks. Volian news networks have been closely following the developing tensions between Vau’sena and Korlan over Korlan’s recent claims to the Vau’senaan State of Kuwhara, which falls in line with the Ilfiatist policies of Korlanic Rangatira Ikaroa Storinka.

The Korlanic assault on the coastal city was quickly repelled by the arrival of Vau’senaan naval forces from Patrasini, which suceeded in driving Korlanic forces from Drapteta south where they met up with additional Korlanic forces surrounding the Kuwharan island province of Hokotae.

State of Kuwhara, Hokotae Province (Te Kawanatanga o Kuwhara, Rohe o Hokotae)

Just as the assault on the Volian city of Drapeta was commencing, Korlanic naval forces rushed to encircle the Kuwharan island province of Hokotae. Vau’senaan coastal defenses on Hokotae and on the Volian province of Toronae were quick to open fire on Korlanic forces, with over 43,000 losses being recorded on both sides in the opening hour of what is now being called the Battle of Hokotae. The Korlanic offensive has been stalled however as the Vau’senaan defense has launched a tactical nuclear strike onto amassed Korlanic forces in the Kuata Strait, with over 100,000 estimated Korlanic casualties amassed in the first wartime nuclear strike in Ulina’s history.

Aside from Hokotae’s nuclear team, the island’s defense has been spearheaded by the Naval and Air Forces stationed at Hērē Naval and Air Force base, which is home to Carrier Strike Group 4 led by the supercarrier CMV Kiti Firine'a. Military authorities have initiated an emergency draft of all eligible persons across Kuwhara to augment the joint volunteer and conscript forces currently in place, and a similar draft is expected to be enacted in the rest of the country in the coming weeks. The Korlanic blockade of Hokotae serves to severely limit how long the island can hold off against a protracted Korlanic assault, with food and ammunition reserves suddenly being placed under strict rations.

State of Kuwhara, Kumara Province (Te Kawanatanga o Kumara, Rohe o Kumara), Hokoihoko Pā

The small island of Hokoihoko, home to just over 50,000 people in the lone city of Hokoihoko Pā, has been the first Vau’senaan territory to fall victim to Korlanic invasion. The Naval and Air Force detachment garrisoned in the city endured 4 days of bombardment until Korlanic forces made landfall just after noon on the 22nd, taking the city center just before 11 PM. The occupation saw dozens of summary executions into the next two days, including both surviving defenders and local historians and biologists who warned occupying forces against opening the city’s “beetle wall” to occupy the rest of the island.

The island of Hokoihoko is home to the Maina Whenua Beetle, a type of beetle native only to the island which, when stepped on with over 35 kg (~80lbs) of force explodes with the force of a small hand grenade. The beetle saw extensive use by Kuwharans defending against Notogiite invasion in the 1300s as beetles would be placed under stairs in towers as landmines and in crossbow bolt tips made of soft lead, which would deform and detonate the bugs upon striking a solid surface. The city itself, which traditionally made its money through trade of the bugs, kept them out of the town by building a smooth wall which they would pour pepper oil over, as the beetles cannot climb greased surfaces and are repelled by the capsaicin which gives peppers their spice. Since occupying the town, the Korlanic forces have reportedly blasted open a section of the wall in order to occupy the island’s interior for a larger air base than exists within the walled town and for the construction of new coastal defenses. The island’s only hospital has come under severe strain as Korlanic soldiers coming into contact with the beetles pushes them to capacity, leaving some to speculate that the Vakasavuliga biocide compound may be used in the near future by occupying forces to clear out the dangerous wildlife.

Republic of Ponder, South Sonder Province (Repubblicam di Ponder, Provincae Ponder di Sudam), Pantofolaio

Gunfire rung out across the Sonder-Ponder border on the 19th as the Korlanic Army stationed in Sonder began shooting down anyone who came close to the border, civilian and military alike and leaving 46 dead. Very little supporting equipment has been observed with the attacking forces that is capable of supporting a true invasion, leaving military officials to speculate that the forces in Ponder are using the violence as a scare tactic to discourage an incursion by Vau’senaan forces into the North. Vau’senaan troops have advanced to monitor the situation, and several shootouts initiated by both sides have brought in another 22 fatalities and nearly 90 injuries as a result.

Vau’senaan rocket artillery stationed in Pantofolaio have begun a bombardment campaign against the Korlanic naval base established near the town of St. Frederick in Sonder. Despite Sonder’s official status as a territory of the Hegiite Unitary Republic, the central government’s absence during the Hegiite Civil War has given Warden Bean Jadanovic of Kundock Prison complete control over the island’s affairs. Under Jadanovic’s administration Sonder has aligned itself closely with Ikaroa Storinka and the New Republic of Korlan, culminating in the establishment of a Korlanic naval base near the Sonder-Ponder border at St. Frederick and the occupation of the entire territory by the Korlanic Army.

The outbreak of hostilities between Korlan and Vau’sena resulted in amassed Vau’senaan forces in Ponder being unable to deploy to the Southern Alliance member states of Etola, Mudkippia, Abantu, and Uraj Ah along with their attached firepower, which is being redirected at repelling Korlanic forces surrounding the strategic location of Ponder. Ponder also possesses a nuclear team similar to the one stationed in Hokotae, making any attempt at invasion by Korlan extremely risky.

Led Eteijer Sea

During a routine patrol of the Led Eteijer Sea between the Kuwharan province of Hamatangi and the Dhrallic island of Pylerick, a Vau’senaan naval detachment came under attack by an unflagged vessel at about 7:20 PM on the 24th. The Vau’senaan naval report painted a grim picture of the encounter, with the vessel appearing out of nowhere and quickly dissecting the Vau’senaan defenders before disappearing in the same way that it came. Specific details concerning the attack remain classified, but the name of the ship has been revealed to be the S.S. Abaddon.

The rapid escalation of war by the Korlan and the Allied Effective seems to have caught Vau’sena and the Southern Alliance off-guard, with Abantu and Etola being left essentially unreachable since the outbreak of hostilities. The Vau’senaan carrier Strike Group 2 led by the CMV Asdas XVII has reported a major electrical outage across Etola, and the situation in Abantu is currently unknown. The new war will serve as a major test to Queen Lucerne I’s leadership, forcing her to balance the war with the Allied Effective with the existng war against Blackbird Criopt which came as a result of the 26 March attacks carried out by Blackbird terrorists under the leadership of Zuriel Nash.

#ulina #writing #fiction #korlan #worldbuilding

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lboogie1906 · 18 days

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Junius G. Groves (April 12, 1869 - August 17, 1925) a successful, self-educated farmer, landowner, and entrepreneur, became one of the most prosperous African American men in the early twentieth century. He was born enslaved in Green County, Kentucky to Martin Groves and Mary Anderson Groves. He made his way to eastern Kansas during the time of the Exoduster Movement of ex-slaves from the South. He began farming by sharecropping near Edwardsville, Kansas. He married Matilda E. Stewart (1880). They began purchasing their land.

Much of his success was due to his forty-six years of devotion to the science of agriculture. He earned the title “Potato King of the World” for growing the most bushels of potatoes per acre than anyone else in the world up to that point. The couple’s twelve surviving children helped with the farm and family holdings.

He bought and shipped potatoes, fruits, and vegetables throughout the US, Mexico, and Canada. The family owned and operated a general merchandise store in Edwardsville, possessed stock in mines in Indian Territory and Mexico, stock in Kansas banks, and a majority interest in the Kansas City Casket and Embalming Company. He co-founded the State Negro Business League and served as its President. He founded the Pleasant Hill Baptist Church Society. He was elected secretary of the Kaw Valley Potato Association and Vice President of the Sunflower State Agricultural Association as well as a cofounder of both organizations.

He employed up to fifty mostly Black laborers. He founded Groves Center, an African American community near Edwardsville in the early 1900s. He established a golf course for African Americans, perhaps the first in the US.

He was one of the wealthiest African Americans in the nation by the first decade of the 20th Century. The family mansion, a 22-room brick home, complete with electric lights, two telephones, and hot and cold running water in all of the bedrooms, was the largest in the area and had its railroad spur. He was inducted into the Bruce W. Watkins Cultural Heritage Center Hall of Fame. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence

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andrearanae · 7 months

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After having gone to Pauline Sharp’s social justice talk about the big red rock, I feel that I know more about Kansas's history. She herself is a Native American woman whose parents were part of the Kansa tribe, also known as Kaw nation. When I arrived I was handed a photograph with a boulder on it, beautiful, but I was kind of confused at first. As Pauline started to explain its importance, I was able to look deeper into Kansa culture and Kansas’s roots. The boulder had traveled long ago from the melting glaciers and ended up in the Kansas River, where the Kansa people would go to worship the rock. This rock is seen to be a great symbol of strength and endurance and was treated like a grandfather, wise, healing, and full of spirit from all of the prayers said over it. Then, when white settlers kicked the Native Americans off their land, the boulder was confiscated and placed in Lawrence, KS, where it was dedicated to an old white man, the founder of Lawrence. After 94 years, and through the help of Pauline Sharp and the Stuck Between a Rock and a Hard Place organization, the boulder is now being returned to the Kansa tribe on the little bit of land that they have now, and will be surrounded with the natural elements of its original place in the Kansas river. I found it interesting how the people say “we belong to the rock”, and admire the connection to nature. This fight is a symbol of all of the generational trauma the Kansa withstood as colonizers stole their land and exhibits how the fight continues to this day. I am glad the Kansa tribe is reclaiming their rights in this way, and hope to one day admire this rock and be able to appreciate its journey.

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saudivisaonlinesblog · 9 months

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Saudi Visa for Russian Federation Citizens-

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jasmine604 · 9 months

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W1. Design in Public Arena

Womens Suffrage Memorial. Jan Morrison and Claudia Pond Eyley. 1993

This mural part of a nation-wide movement by the National Council of Women to commemorate NZ winning the right to vote. After 6 months of production, it was revealed on Women’s Suffrage Day on September 19th, 1993.

2. 'Maunga'. Shane Cotton. 2020

Shane Cotton started his process by creating a series of 25 works on paper before it was translated onto the walls surrounding Britomart. The objects hes drawn are a reference to the experimentation period in Maori Art that occurred due to the influx of European materials and techniques - it was a hybrid.

3. 'Kawe Reo/Voices Carry'. Robert Sullivan

Robert Sullivans poem is a tribute to the history of the area it’s not been etched onto. It pays tribute to the library’s culture and pays homage to his days as a librarian.

#week 1

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nyc-uws · 10 months

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Who Was Charles Curtis 🏹 The First Vice President of Color?

A member of the Kaw Nation, Curtis served under Herbert Hoover, but he left a troubling legacy on Native American issues. Smithsonian Magazine * Livia Gershon

🏹

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mohammadlindgreen04 · 11 months

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Tips on how to Make use of a Vape Pen

Vape pencils provide several benefits more than regular smoking cigarettes methods. Here are a couple rewards: Overall health Positive aspects: Vape writing instruments make watery vapor as opposed to smoking, which often cuts down experience damaging chemicals and also contaminants commonly present in cigarette smoke. Convenience plus Discretion: Jack Herer Ghost Carts Flavor Vape pens are usually mobile plus user friendly, driving them to suited to vaping on the go. Additionally they generate significantly less smell in comparison with traditional using tobacco, considering an increasingly highly discreet experience. Flavoring Wide range: Vape pens assist you to select from a wide range of e-liquid tastes, offering a much more enjoyable plus easy to customize vaping experience. Controlled Pure nicotine Consumption: E-liquids used in vape dog pens are available in a variety of smoking strong points, providing you with remedy for the volume of cigarette smoking you actually consume. This efficiency of cigarette smoking and also water pipe isn’t very difficult so that you can understand. Most you want to do can be lumination the cigarette along with take a breath the actual light up them produces. However, any vape dog pen is mysterious. Nonetheless, the way it works isn’t difficult either. A real difference in between them plus the standard products is that they currently have an electric heating element as opposed to fire. Let’ohydrates find out more. fryd carts fryd extract BERRY ZKITTLES FRYD CARTS Fryd Extracts Blueberry Zlushie Banana Nerds Fryds Carts Berry blow pop fryd carts Double Stuff oreo fryd carts fryd carts extracts wholesale fryd-jolly-rancher-disposable-live-resin-vape Fryd Lemonberry Tartz Disposable Live Resin Vape FRYD LIQUID DIAMONDS Fryd carts Peach Rings Vape Cartridge Fryd Miami Mango Vape Cartridge gold coast clear kaws bar Standard vape writing instruments share equivalent appears having a traditional pen. They’ve got a cartridge for cannabis buds, become, essential oil or maybe a different professional medical herb. Normally, this standard rechargeable battery is the central portion of the device. The capsult is easily removed in order to clean it with no effort. With a number of devices, you will discover temp adjustment buttons. The product are simple to work with and are available in lots of prices, components, colours as well as shapes. Besides, you will find contemporary designs inside the market. Vape dog pens make use of unique variations of cannabis, oils, waxes, dried up herbal products and also liquids. Most of these will be targeted form of the particular simply leaves as well as bud of marijuana. The THC is definitely extracted from the guarana plant through the help of ice-cubes drinking water or perhaps a solvent. Regarding completely focus creating, both the frequent chemical substances will be under time limits fractional co2 along with butane. As much as butane is anxious, this synthetic cleaning agent gets to be steam leaving a little residue. On the other hand, fractional co2 will be a way connected with finding the THC concentrate. Even so, it will require an individual to consider costly machinery. Using tobacco has its damaging effects nevertheless vape dog pens include several health benefits seeing that well. You will discover fresh different types of the product about the market. Increasingly more clinical tests have been carried out to learn more many benefits of such devices. The first time, vaporizers were being designed by way of a pharmacist with China. Truly, his or her target seemed to be to quit smoking. In a few years, these products came out in several countries. However, some nations around the world have prohibited them altogether.

#vape

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