#EN 112

[dr-c-says]

Weekend Roundup: Oct 11-13, 2022 | EN 112

On Tuesday, Oct. 11th we were online, drafting your cause & effect essays,

which ... some of you turned in???? (If you didn’t do that, you should do that; if you had questions about how to do that, and you have not asked them, you should really email me; if you have already emailed me, and I have not answered you yet, I’m coming!) 

On Thursday, Oct. 13th, we were back in the classroom for our post-game analysis. 

We began with my observation that submission rates for the C&E essay were lower than they had been for the proposal essays. I have two theories, not mutually exclusive, about the causes (ha) of that differential, but we did not dig into my theories on Thursday; we just set about reviewing all the moving parts and how they fit together. PRIORITIES, amirite?? 

We took a look at how writing the Cause & Effect essay required you to figure out the underlying problem you would solve in the research essay (this step is often harder than people expect it to be), and also to find at least your first two sources for that research project. In drafting your body paragraphs for the cause & effect essay, you (hopefully) began putting evidence on the page to explain how you knew the things you said were causes (of the problem) or consequences (if we didn’t do something about the problem) were actually happening and contributing to the problem or actually likely to occur if we didn’t resolve the problem (depending on whether you went pre-tuna or post-tuna on the C&E prompt). 

Considering integration of evidence leads us to considering citation, since much of the evidence you’ll be using in your research paper will come in the form of data or commentary you have found through your research, and which you will of course wish to cite appropriately. 

You may remember from our how-to-avoid-plagiarism lessons at the beginning of the semester that the twin goals of citation are

(a) to give credit where it is due

& 

(b) to give the reader the information they would need to find your source for themselves 

Hopefully you will ALSO remember that even without a formal citation, we can accomplish (a) by stating directly, in our sentence, who said the phrase we are quoting or came up with the idea we are using. Formal citations provide a structured means of putting all of that (b) information together and organizing it so that readers can backtrack your research with minimal hassle. There are many citation styles, including some that are unique to specific journals or organizations; your WR textbook contains guides for three of the most common ones: MLA, APA, and CMS (often referred to as simply “Chicago style”). 

Back in the day, I used to require all my students to use MLA, regardless of research topic or declared major. MLA stands for “Modern Language Association” and MLA style has been the standard in language and literature fields for many years; you may also see MLA style used in the documentation for projects in some other humanities fields, like History or Philosophy. In the past few years, however, I have seen some organizations shifting away from a strict MLA-only approach to their formatting requirements, and while I think there is still a lot to be said for the cognitive benefits of cultivating the flexibility needed to adapt to the arbitrary arrangements of whichever citation style happens to be assigned, this semester I am attempting to “keep up with the times” by allowing students to choose the citation style they wish to follow, with THREE important caveats: 

1) the citation style must be one of the three provided in your WR

2) you must TELL ME which style you are using (in the submission comments on each essay) 

3) you must be consistent throughout your essay (I don’t mind if you want to change styles between essays, although I’m not sure why you’d want to; the key point is that you cannot mix and match styles within an essay, and the works cited or references list must be in the same style you use for in-text citations in that essay) 

The main thing to know about citation styles (as opposed to about citation as a practice) is that you aren’t really expected to memorize the format for citing any particular type of material; you’re just supposed to get comfortable with using the style manual so that you can look up and apply the guidelines for citing the type of material you have on any given occasion without developing 47 headaches. 

Your weekend homework is to find two peer-reviewed articles for your research essay, read the abstracts so you know what the articles are about, and look up the authors so you can explain their source of authority. 

If you missed class on Thursday, your makeup work is to summarize this document and then to look up citation formats commonly used in your field of study and report back with a summary of what you’ve found. 

Good luck! 

#Weekend Roundup #reviews / guidelines / instructions #dr. c says #EN 112 #cause & effect essays

[hit-song-showdown]

Year-End Poll #48: 1997

[Image description: a collage of photos of the 10 musicians and musical groups featured in this poll. In order from left to right, top to bottom: Elton John, Jewel, Puff Daddy and Faith Evans, Toni Braxton, Puff Daddy, R. Kelly, En Vogue, Mark Morrison, LeAnn Rimes, Spice Girls. End description]

More information about this blog here

A lot of loss and longing this year. Elton John and Bernie Taupin rewrote their 1973 single, Candle in the Wind to honor the memory of Princess Diana. Additionally, Puff Daddy's I'll Be Missing You was written in memory of The Notorious B.I.G., using a sample from The Police's Every Breath You Take.

Puff Daddy, and Bad Boy Records in general, would have a lot of influence over the sound of pop rap. Especially when it comes to sampling. The other song by him on this poll, Can't Nobody Hold Me Down, uses a sample from another 80's song, The Message by one of the original pioneering groups in hip-hop, Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five. The Message is considered to be one of the earlier hip-hop songs to center around social commentary. By 1997, hip-hop was barely older than two decades, but it's artists are still able to call back to and reference the previous generations.

Looking at the bottom of the top 10, we can start to catch a glimpse at the direction pop music is about to go. By the late 90's, more teenagers than ever were purchasing music. While boy bands and girl groups were certainly not invented this decade, their images were starting to shift in order to market more easily to this wider demographic. But the true power of teenagers over the music landscape won't be seen in full until after next year, with the introduction of MTV's Total Request Live.

#billboard poll #billboard music #tumblr poll #1990s #90s music #1997 #elton john #jewel #puff daddy #faith evans #112 #toni braxton #r kelly #mase #en vogue #mark morrison #leann rimes #spice girls

[zeyhal]

#Yusuf b. İsmail en-Nebhânî #Şevâhidü'l-Hak s. 111-112.

[armatofu]

#🇪🇸 Martín Álvarez Galán. Era extremeño #hijo de una tierra que es cuna de conquistadores. Nació en Montemolín #un pequeño pueblo de la provincia de Badajoz #en 1766. Tenía 24 años cuando abandonó Montemolín con dirección a Sevilla #y allí conoció a Lucas #un granadero de la Infantería de Marina #que fue quien logró convencer a Martín de alistarse en el cuerpo. El 26 de abril de 1790 #el joven extremeño se incorporó a la 3ª Compañía del 9º Batallón de Marina. Una vez allí #y por sus buenas aptitudes #es seleccionado para la élite del cuerpo: los granaderos #que siempre combatían en la vanguardia abriendo paso a los demás.Ya con 26 años #el joven extremeño embarcó en el navío “Gallardo”. Con él participó Martín en la campaña de Cerdeña entre 1793 y 1794. A continuación #nuestro joven granadero embarcó en el “San Carlos” #partiendo hacia La Habana. El periplo de Martín por los buques de la Armada Española continuó en 1796 con sendos servicios a bordo del “San #dos formidables navíos con 112 cañones cada uno. Finalmente #el 1 de febrero de 1797 Martín embarcaba en el buque que le llevaría a la fama: el “San Nicolás de Bari” #de 74 cañones. En octubre de 1796 #tras la firma del Tratado de San Ildefonso con Francia #España le había declarado la guerra a Inglaterra y a Portugal. Apenas dos semanas después de embarcar en su nuevo destino #Martín se vio en aguas del Cabo de San Vicente. El “San Nicolás de Bari” acompañaba a otros 23 navíos #7 fragatas y varios buques más. El 14 de febrero de 1797 la escuadra española fue interceptada por una escuadra británica Horatio Nelson pr #logrando la captura de cuatro de sus navíos #entre ellos el “San Nicolás de Bari”. Antes de morir #el Brigadier Tomás Geraldino confió a Martín la misión de defender la bandera. Arrinconados hacia el castillo de popa #los infantes de Marina fueron cayendo uno a uno. Finalmente sólo quedaba Martín #sable en mano y aferrándose a la bandera rojigualda todavía izada #pues su arriado habría sido una señal de rendición. Un sargento de los marines británicos #William Morris #armado con un sable y una pistola y que pretendía arriar la bandera rojigualda #se acercó hacia Martín y desoyó la señal de alto del granadero español. Martín lo atravesó con tal fuerza que lo dejó clavado con su sable

[atevegter]

2947 Koffie met suiker 4

Het is anders een hele serieuze vraag. Wat moeten we doen? Zie je dat, het bloed kruipt waar het niet gaan kan.Hou op! Hou nou toch op! Eerlijk waar Teun, dit is geen grap. We moeten iets doen? Wat zou er gebeurd kunnen zijn.Nou eh,  jij zou hem vermoord kunnen hebben, Aaf. Ja, doe gewoon, waarom ik?Jij hebt hem gevonden, zeg je toch?  Dat kan iedereen wel zeggen, maar dan ben je altijd de eerste…

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#112 #ate vegter #buren #column #dagboek #dood #koffie #Monnickendam #moord en doodslag #pistool #Politie #suiker

[enmnoticias]

Con un desfile celebran en Huatusco el 112 aniversario de la Revolución Mexicana.

Huatusco, Ver. – Después de dos años, regresó el desfile del 20 de noviembre a las principales avenidas de la ciudad y familias enteras los disfrutaron. Lleno de color y alegría por parte de los contingentes de diversas instituciones educativas.  El Presidente Municipal Constitucional de Huatusco, Ventura Demuner Torres acompañado por el Honorable Cabildo, encabezó el desfile Conmemorativo al 112…

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#celebran en Huatusco el 112 aniversario #Con un desfile #de la Revolución Mexicana.

[afranciscomiradiezblr-blog]

¿Historias cortas para no dormir y así no tener pesadillas?

La ciudad de Hanzhong, provincia de Shaanxi, ubicada en las montañas de Qinba, tiene 1,12 millones de mu de flores de colza. Cada primavera, las flores de colza en flor y las plántulas de trigo con incrustaciones y las verdes montañas y los ríos se combinan, formando un hermoso paisaje de la cuenca de Hanzhong.

La cuenca de Hanzhong es la ciudad natal de las flores de colza y el paraíso de las flores de colza. Cada año, cuando florecen las flores, es como un mar de amarillo. Millones de acres están en plena floración al mismo tiempo. Entre el cielo y la tierra, la luz flotante y la recta dorada decoran el Hanzhong en un enorme bonsái de paisaje, que es uno de los paisajes más bellos de China.

Cada primavera, toda la cuenca de Hanzhong se tiñe de color dorado, las montañas, los ríos, las cabañas, los ríos y las carreteras se integran en el mar de flores de colza, llenas de poesía y pintoresca. En el mar ilimitado de flores, los racimos de flores doradas de colza le dan a la gente un fuerte impacto visual. En la brisa primaveral, las olas de flores se balanceaban y bailaban con gracia, detallando la belleza infinita de la primavera.

#La ciudad de Hanzhong provincia de Shaanxi ubicada en las montañas de Qinba tiene 112 millones de mu de flores de colza. Cada primavera las #¿Historias cortas para no dormir? #China

[enalfersa]

VOX exige a la Comunidad de Madrid que solucione el problema de transporte sanitario entre el Samur y el SUMMA 112

VOX exige a la Comunidad de Madrid que solucione el problema de transporte sanitario entre el Samur y el SUMMA 112

Joya: “La humanización sanitaria no es tener a un paciente esperando en la puerta de Urgencias para que le lleven de vuelta a su casa” Los ancianos esperan hasta once y doce horas en la puerta de Urgencias del hospital para que la ambulancia les lleve a su casa. “No puedo coger un taxi porque no tengo dinero para pagarlo”, ha lamentado un anciano a la diputada del Grupo Parlamentario VOX en la…

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#Comunidad de Madrid #Gádor Joya #Grupo Parlamentario VOX #Samur #SUMMA 112 #VOX en la Asamblea de Madrid

[ellionwrites]

“Why not just let Gojo take care of everything himself from now on?”

This reads a bit like a throwaway line from Nanami, but it’s actually a meaningful thing for Gege to insert here.

For context, Nanami asks Geto this question after coming back from the failed mission where Haibara was killed.

This scene is also immediately before Geto's village massacre / defection scenes.

This is the very next set of panels: (It’s the continuation of the thought Geto started above, then cuts to to the mission where he kills the 112 non-sorcerers)

So, what Nanami says to Geto is the last thing we see anyone at Jujutsu high saying to Geto before he makes that final decision to turn away from being a Jujutsu sorcerer.

Geto’s thought about the “mountain of corpses” is the last internal monologue / insight we get into his mental state before defecting.

In Geto’s mind, who is in the hypothetical ‘mountain of corpses' created by Jujutsu society?

- - - - Read more cut - - - -

Let’s start by acknowledging that Nanami’s suggestion to make Gojo handle all the missions actually makes sense, from a strictly pragmatic perspective. (Why let weaker sorcerers die doing something that Gojo could easily handle?)

Even before Gojo learned Reverse Curse / Hollow Purple, he (and Geto) were given the Star Plasma Vessel mission on special request from Tengen. Presumably because they were the strongest sorcerers.

It’s reasonable to assume the higher ups in Jujutsu society have thought about optimizing the mission assignments this way. And, by this point, Gojo is getting sent on missions, alone, without Geto.

But even though he’s the strongest sorcerer, Gojo is not unbeatable. He’s not even as powerful as he’ll become by JJK0+

Here’s what Gojo told Geto just days before the mission where Haibara dies:

So Geto knows that Gojo can’t always run limitless, and he hasn’t perfected domain expansion. Gojo can’t protect himself against poisons.

Geto also already knows what happens when Gojo’s power is overestimated - when he is overworked and spread too thin. Last time that happened, he got stabbed through the chest by Toji.

“Impossible!” is Geto’s reaction, because he’d been lulled into a false sense of security, thinking that Gojo was untouchable.

Nanami suggesting that Gojo handle all the curses is sort of like Toji putting up a bounty for Riko. Each weak assassin wasn’t enough to take Gojo down on their own, but en masse they could distract and wear him down.

The same would be possible with a never ending onslaught of curses to exorcise. Then, all it takes is one mistake before Gojo's corpse is added to the mountain.

Don't get me wrong, Geto had many reasons for defecting, and Nanako, Mimiko, and Riko’s treatment by non-sorcerers were probably the main ones.

But Geto must have also believed that the world he was trying to build for Jujutsu sorcerers was a better, safer world for Gojo, too.

#to be totally clear: this is not Nanami’s fault #jjk #jujutsu kaisen #satosugu #gojo satoru #geto suguru #gojo x geto #stsg #satoru gojo #suguru geto #satosugu analysis #satosugu canon #my jjk thoughts

[yazzydream]

Geto's Massacre Incident Report (EN Translation)

Jujutsu Technical College Tokyo School

To the Dean and Teachers

September 28, 2007

Assistant Supervisor Misato Shokinji

Investigative Report on the Murder Incident Regarding Our School's Student

I will report about the subject matter as follows.

Subject of Investigation: Tokyo School 3rd Year, Suguru Geto

1. Incident Case Record

Date and Time of Occurrence: September 23, 2007 around 9:00 PM Place of Occurrence: ██ City, ██ Prefecture (former ██ village) Discovery of Occurrence: Discovered due to the assistant manager traveling to the target site when the mission operative (Geto) was late. Five days had passed since Geto was dispatched. Damage Status: Confirmed deaths of 112 residents of former ██ village.

2. Summary of Geto's Mission

Investigate former ██ village  In the village, getting spirited away has been passed down from generation to generation as a folklore.  However, in reality, incidents of strange deaths of villagers frequently occur-- according to the client's information and can otherwise be understood through research. Since it was surmised that 80% of the cases were caused by a Cursed Spirit, Geto was ordered to conduct a more detailed on-site investigation and to exorcise the Cursed Spirit in question.

3. Behavior / Conjecture 

 On September 18, Geto entered the former ██ village alone.  The mission's outline was provided by the assistant manager a week before departure.  There was no prior request regarding this matter from the person himself and it was the Technical College that ordered him to act alone. The reason is, it was judged in deference to Geto's own experience points, and that it was feasible for him to work alone. In addition, the target Curse was surmised to be about a Grade 1; lower than Geto’s. In addition, there is a shortage of jujutsu sorcerers.  Presumably at this time, there were no deviations from a usual mission. He didn't display any behavior at the time that he was scheming something.  9:00 am on the appointed day, we departed from the Tokyo school by car.  Geto and the assistant manager (Shokinji), just the two, moved together.  The target village is a village without any public transportation. It's impossible to approach the village by car, as entry is via a single narrow road. About a kilometer away from the village, near Kamiya intersection, Geto was dropped off and we parted ways.  Around 4:00 p.m., Geto started to act alone.  The duration of completion of the mission this time is from September 18th~September 19th; at most three days. Upon completion, I was supposed to be contacted as usual. (However, it was not a strict promise. Because of that, it's believed the discovery of this incident was delayed. Matters Requiring Improvement)  With the assumption he'll be staying in the village, we'd made arrangements with the client belonging to the fire brigade (Kiyotaka Kagetani, 43 years old, living with mother) to rent a room in his house. However, details such as if he actually lodged with them, remain unknown, as both the client and his mother have died.

 The following is the mission's investigative report that was conveyed by the assistant manager from inside a moving car.  In the village, there is folklore about being "spirited away."  There is even literature that remains. Passed down from the Edo period... It's a common enough legend. However, even aside recent years, It's characterized by how it continues to feel like a natural happening.  There have been five cases in the last ten years.  March 19, 1998, A 26-year-old woman disappeared.  May 7, 2001, A 67-year-old man died abnormally.  July 24, 2002, A 4-year-old girl disappeared.  August 4, 2005, A 57-year-old man and a 46-year-old woman were found to have died abnormally.  September 13, 2007, A 46-year-old man died abnormally. As features,  ・Both disappearances and abnormal deaths occurred within a 50-meter radius of a limestone cave, which is considered to be a sacred area to the village.  ・Young women and children → Disappeared、Middle-aged and older or men → Found died abnormally.  ・The ones who died abnormally have no heads.  From these and other such commonalities, it was conjectured that it is the action of a Cursed Spirit inhabiting the vicinity of the limestone cave. So, in order to confirm the truth from the legend, it is believed Geto investigated from inside the village.  It is estimated that from the time he began to act alone, around 4:00 p.m. on September 18th, he opened the case, investigated, and collected the target Cursed Spirit. However, since all the villagers involved have died, there is no one left to testify.  Only, if this matter was caused by a Cursed Spirit, it is certain Geto achieved destroying--

[–cut off]

　On September 19th (time unknown), a village massacre incident occurred. 　112 Villagers died. In the subsequent arson, 70% of the village was burned down. 　(On September 23rd, when the College headed to the site, there was not a single living person left in the village. There is no eyewitness testimony.) 　An investigation into the cause of death determined they were all victims of Cursed Spirits. 　In addition, according to an inspection of the residuals, it was concluded to be that of Suguru Geto's Curse Manipulation. 　It is believed that after killing the villagers, Geto set fire to the village and fled. 　Regarding this incident, Geto's motives remain unknown. 　Village resident registration information did not reveal anyone who had a blood relation with Geto, nor anyone with personal involvement with him prior to the mission. 　Note that, since there is information that there was a lineage of jujutsu sorcerers in this village, it is being further investigated to see if they share any attributes with Geto and whether that had anything to do with his motives.

4. Punishment Here On, etc.

Suguru Geto is even now at large. In accordance to Article 9 of Jujutsu Regulations, he is subject to execution as a Curse User.

End.

#jujutsu kaisen #my translations #my jjk #suguru geto #you can totally feel that the manager is in disbelief over what happened lol #feel free to correct me on any outstanding errors #i might come back and pick at it a little tbf #jjk season 2 #nanako and mimiko #jjkdaily

[cher-rei]

pablo gavi smau [ P.G ]

summary: a documentation of your life as the messi family's adoptive daughter leading up to a surprise relationship reveal

masterlist

notes: posting this like this isn't based on my gavi fic that's in planning... the oc's name is sofía btw (translated spanish!!)

fía.pérez

liked by pablogavi and 2 234 563 others

fía.pérez la vida en este momento con mi chica favorita 💌 (life at the moment with my favourite girl) [tagged: aurorapaezg]

see all comments below

aurorapaezg 😘 [liked by fía.pérez]

pablogavi dejar a mi hermana en paz desafío: ir (leave my sister alone challenge: go)

→ fía.pérez deja de ser celoso desafío: ve (stop being jealous challenge: go)

user guys I just saw two pretty best friends...

user when are gavi and sofía not arguing though, like can we be fr 😭

user they make it so easy to ship them and I'm so here for it

user it's over once when see antonela or messi in the comments 😔

fía.pérez

liked by anotenelarocuzzo and 1 172 111 others

fía.pérez ciro + fía = <3

see all comments below

antonelarocuzzo mis bebés ❤️‍🩹 (my babies) [liked by fía.paréz)

leomessi mateo dijo que está mejor 😭 (mateo said that he's better)

→ fía.pérez en sus sueños 🙄 (in his dreams)

pablogavi ¿Y por qué no me invitaron??? (and why wasn't I invited???)

→ fía.pérez bueno, tal vez si hubieras respondido a mi llamada habrías (well maybe if you answered my calls you would've)

pedri los amantes se pelean (lovers quarrel)

→ fía.pérez sal de mis comentarios ahora mismo... (get out of my comments right now)

pablogavi @pedri me das asco. (you disgust me.)

pablogavi

liked by pedri and 897 382 others

pablogavi exponiendo mi angel 🤭 (exposing my angel) [tagged: fía.pérez]

see all comments below

fía.pérez estás muerto gavira. (you're dead gavira) [liked by pablogavi]

pedri ¿¿subtítulo?? (caption??)

ferrantorres ¿¿tu que?? (your what??)

user excuse me 😃

user HELP?? SOFT LAUNCH??

fía.pérez

liked by leomessi and 1 223 311 others

fía.pérez él realmente está aquí firmando las camisetas de todos mientras yo estoy allí 😒 (he's really out there signing everyone's shirt while I'm right there) [tagged: pablogavi]

see all comments below

pablogavi puedes tener el mío en su lugar 😉 (you can have mine instead)

→ fía.pérez preferiría morir ☺️ (i'd rather die)

pedri los odio tanto a ambos (I hate you both so much) [liked by fía.pérez]

user I don't even know if I'm delusional anymore

→ user girl I'm just here for the vibes, they're too cute to leave

fía.pérez

liked by pablogavi and 1 722 111 others

fía.pérez el chico en la pantalla es algo lindo 👀 (the guy on the screen is kind of cute)

see all comments below

aurorapaezg estás bromeando ¿no? (you're joking right?) [liked by fía.pérez]

pablogavi conozco a alguien que es al menos diez veces más lindo (I know someone who's at least ten times cuter)

→ fía.pérez ¿ah, de verdad? (oh really?) [liked by pablogavi]

ferminlopez @pedri hermano, ven aquí (bro get over here)

user we're getting closer!!!

user am I supposed to be screaming or crying rn??

pablogavi

liked by fía.pérez and 891 199 499 others

pablogavi mi vista favorita 👀❤️‍🩹 (my favourite view) [tagged: fía.pérez]

see all comments below

fía.pérez he visto mejores de cerca (I've seen better upclose)

→ pablogavi imposible mi amor (impossible, my love)

pedri ¿puedo finalmente dormir en paz ahora? (can I finally sleep in peace now?)

→ pablogavi nunca (never)

ferminlopez ¡¡vamos!! (let's gooo!!) [liked by pablogavi)

user screaming, crying, throwing up

user YESSSS!! I'M CONVULSING

fía.pérez

liked by leomessi and 2 321 112 others

fía.pérez mi niño bonito ❤️ (my pretty boy) [tagged: pablogavi)

see all comments below

pablogavi ¡¡no es justo!! no puedes llamarme tu chico bonito tan casualmente (that's not fair!! you can't call me your pretty boy so casually)

→ fía.pérez por supuesto que puedo (of course I can)

antonelarocuzzo te tomo bastante tiempo (took you long enough)

→ fía.pérez fue un proceso ¿vale? 😭 (it was a process okay?)

pedri yo todavía te odio (I still hate you)

→ pablogavi nada nuevo (nothing new)

user is this what heaven feels like?

#pablo gavi x reader #pablo gavi #pablo gavi x y/n #pablo gavi fanfic #pablo gavi imagine #footballer imagine #footballer x reader #fanfic #footballer x you #fc barca #fc barcelona imagine #fc barcelona #fc barcelona x reader #pablo gavi fluff #cherrei writes

[dr-c-says]

Weekend Roundup | EN 112 | 09/20 - 09/22 | Fall 2022

Busy week! Let’s dive right in. 

On Tuesday, 09/20/2022 ...

... we started clas with a quick recap of the past few weeks to make sure everybody was on the same page. THEN ... 

We walked through an overview of cause and effect arguments in preparation for writing our next set of essays (C&E, currently on the agenda for Week 8). 

Cause-and-effect arguments come in two basic configurations: 

What if? 

and 

How’d we get here? 

In a what-if C&E, you are considering a course of action and speculating about its likely outcomes. The effects haven’t happened yet; rather, you are thinking about doing X and trying to predict what effects you will cause if indeed you do X (thinking ahead; usually a good idea!). 

In a how’d-we-get-here, you are trying to identify the factors that led to an existing situation. In other words, you are experiencing effects and attempting to figure out their likely causes.

Both what-if and how’d-we-get-here C&Es can be structured in either of two ways: 

- causal chain 

or

- confluence of variables (or factors) 

A causal chain is a sequence of events in which each new action directly triggers the next effect, which in turn prompts another action, which causes an effect, which prompts an action, which ... you get the idea. The children’s book If You Give a Mouse a Cookie is a good example of a what-if argument structured as a causal chain. 

In a confluence of variables or confluence of factors scenario, more than one underlying cause contributes to the effect(s). Often no single factor would be sufficient to trigger a given outcome on its own, but multiple variables working together create the conditions under which that outcome is likely, or even (eventually) inevitable. Climate change is one example of a how’d-we-get-here confluence of variables: automobile exhaust fumes play a role, but so does factory farming and so does industrial pollution.

In addition to taking a “first look” at cause and effect arguments, we also spent a few moments examining the relationship between assertions and evidence. 

Depending on how your EN 111 course was organized, you may or may not have been introduced to “assertion” and “evidence” as formal terms of rhetoric last semester. Because not everybody covers these terms and their rhetorical uses in 111, I like to give a quick overview of the basic concepts before we start giving them a workout in EN 112. 

The (very) short version: 

assertion = any claim you make in an essay (really anywhere, but we are only interested in essays) 

evidence = information provided in support of an assertion (quotes, examples, statistics, etc) 

VERY IMPORTANT: 

- Your own feelings & preferences are not “information” for the purposes of evidence in a formal argument. 

- A restatement of the assertion is ALSO not a form of evidence. 

For example: 

Let’s say your assertion is that the number of essays required in EN 112 should be reduced. “I feel like I could learn more if I had fewer assignments,” is not evidence; even though you may very well feel that way, this information about your feelings does not prove that you will actually learn more if you write fewer essays, much less that what you learn more of will be among the core learning outcomes for EN 112. “The number of essays in EN 112 should be reduced because the current number is too high” is ALSO not evidence; it’s just restating the original assertion in slightly altered terms (if you are saying the number should be reduced, we can pretty much guess that you think it’s “too high” ... you haven’t told us anything new). 

TL;DR - there is nothing inherently wrong with assertions, and in fact any essay is probably going to need at least a few of them. The important point is that you need to support those assertions with carefully-selected –– and carefully explained –– evidence. 

ALSO on Tuesday (Tuesday was a busy day!) we did a quick check-in on research essay topics & questions, helping everybody to prepare for submitting their planned topics this past Friday (if you haven’t submitted them, review the notes on research essay questions and submit!). 

On Thursday, 09/22/2022 ... 

... we moved through a short workshop on comma splices and how to avoid them. Comma splices are one of those “major errors” listed in the Learning Outcomes section in your Writer’s Reference, and of the items in that list comma splices are among the ones I see most often –– so it’s worth taking a moment to review some basic punctuation guidelines and check your comma usage before hitting “submit” on the final version of your essay! 

The very short version: 

A comma splice is a comma used between two independent clauses, instead of a semi-colon (a semi-colon in that context is fine) or a period (also fine). 

An independent clause contains a subject and a verb and no “subordinators”: 

“I love you” = independent clause 

“Because I love you” = dependent clause; “because” is a subordinator which indicates that we need to be looking for the rest of the sentence. 

“It rained hard” = independent clause

“After it rained” = dependent clause, “after” is a subordinator indicating that the phrase immediately following is supposed to be understood in temporal relation to some other event 

ALSO on Thursday, we began our discussion of Stephen King’s essay, “Why We Crave Horror Movies,” which begins on page 341 of your SMG text. 

We will continue discussing King’s essay on Tuesday; be sure to read carefully for how he argues causal factors of our horror movie cravings! 

If you missed either day in Week Six, your job is to summarize this document, get notes from any classmate, AND (if you want some participation points) comment on the most recent announcement post in Canvas telling me a possible reason why we crave horror movies that King does NOT use in his essay. 

#en 112 #fall 2022 #Weekend Roundup #reviews / guidelines / instructions

[victusinveritas]

The French barque Belem en route to Dublin with 60,000 bottles of wine in her hold. The 112 year old tall ship was originally launched to carry chocolate from Brazil to France.

#tall ships #age of sail #barque #meanwhile on the french main

[zahri-melitor]

I don’t get why people are always harping on about the Bats (especially Bruce) needing therapy.

Bruce has had PLENTY of therapy. You’re all also complaining about the outcomes of it right now (possession by Zurr-En-Arrh).

But seriously, off the top of my head, random forms of therapy Bruce has used:-

Sensory deprivation tank (Batman 156 aka Robin Dies at Dawn, Batman…136 revisit in the current plot)

The Thogal Ritual (52 and Batman 673, where Bruce just goes and sits in a cave for a while to meditate on life and death)

That time he hypnotised himself into forgetting he’s Batman (Transference, GK 8-11)

Getting gassed and requiring motivation to live (Batman 112)

Designing Zurr-En-Arrh as a backup personality (Batman RIP, Failsafe)

Punching his problems (see…most comics)

I am sure there are plenty more too.

But Zahri, hypnotising yourself to create split extra personalities isn’t a recognised form of mental health treatment!

Did I say this was positive mental health treatment? No. I said it was therapy. It’s all shit Bruce has done to his brain over the years.

Stop trying to turn poor Dinah into a therapist (there are at least a dozen named therapists all over DC that haven’t even turned evil - including the current Power Girl & Omen therapy team if you insist on a superhero), and start admitting Bruce HAS tried plenty of ways to deal with his problems. They’re just not board certified ones and they’re mostly hilariously dangerous to both Bruce and those around him.

#Bruce has got himself a good grade in therapy (methods of repressing shit) #he is uninterested in a good grade in therapy (talking about his emotions) #please accept his maladjusted coping mechanisms or he’ll set up ANOTHER weird memory palace in his mind

[girlactionfigure]

Robert Clary, who played Corporal Louis LeBeau on Hogan's Heroes, died today, November 16, 2022, at 96 years old.

In addition to being a beloved performer for decades, he was a survivor of the Holocaust during World War 2, but he lost almost all of his family. He was only 16 years old when he was arrested in Paris and deported.

"....[W]e were not even human beings. When we got to Buchenwald, the SS shoved us into a shower room to spend the night. I had heard the rumors about the dummy showerheads that were gas jets. I thought, this is it. But no, it was just a place to sleep. The first eight days there, the Germans kept us without a crumb to eat. We were hanging on to life by pure guts, sleeping on top of each other, every morning waking up to find a new corpse next to you.

"....The whole experience was a complete nightmare, the way they treated us, what we had to do to survive. We were less than animals. Sometimes I dream about those days. I wake up in a sweat terrified for fear I'm about to be sent away to a concentration camp. But I don't hold a grudge because that's a great waste of time. Yes, there's something dark in the human soul. For the most part human beings are not very nice. That's why when you find those who are, you cherish them."

~ Robert (Widerman) Clary

Only three of Clary's 13 siblings survived the Holocaust. On the wall of the apartment building on Rue des Deux Ponts in Paris where he grew up, there is a memorial plaque that reads:

"A la mémoire des 112 habitants de cette

maison dont 40 petits enfants déporté et

morts dans les camps Allemands en 1942."

In memory of the 112 inhabitants of this house,

including 40 young children, deported and dead

in German camps in 1942.

Adieu, Monsieur Clary. Merci, et shalom.

Historia Obscurum

May his memory be a blessing.

#Robert Clary #Holocaust Survivor #Buchenwald #Hogans Heros #RIP

[flowersofsakura]

Special illustration of Aqua / Azura for Choose your Legends!!! Please vote for her she deserve to be a brave hero!

I post the link to direct vote right under this post! 😇

(it took me more time than I thought 🥲)

Vote here 👀

⬇️⬇️⬇️

https://vote8.campaigns.fire-emblem-heroes.com/en-US/game-title/112/112023/?share_url

#flowersofsakura #my art #fire emblem #fire emblem fates #fire emblem if #fire emblem heroes #aqua fire emblem #Fire emblem aqua #azura fire emblem #fire emblem azura #fe aqua #azura fe #fe azura #feh aqua #Aqua fe #choose your legends #fire emblem heroes azura #feh azura #Feh #feh cyl #Cyl #Choose Your legends round 8 #azura #Aqua #My stupid propaganda #let me be delulu