#tribe: yankton dakota sioux

[svejarph]

tatanka means gif pack

CLICK THE SOURCE LINK BELOW and you will be redirected to a ko-fi shop link ($0+) to gain access to #46 245x150px gifs of Tatanka Means as Charges the Enemy in The Son Season 1 (2017)! These were created from scratch by Sveja. Do what you want with these, just don’t repost/claim as your own, don’t use them to play Tatanka or in any smut/smut-based blogs, and like/reblog if using. If you like what I’m doing, feel free to commission me (/commissionsinfo) or send me a ko-fi (/svejarph).

Tatanka was 31-32 during filming and is Oglala Lakota Sioux, Yankton Dakota Sioux, Omaha, and Navajo. Please cast him accordingly. The scenes where he appears takes place in 1849-1850.

tw: implied death ; blood, eating, fighting, fire, flickering lights, horses, injury, shaky camera, shirtlessness, violence, wounds

#indigenousrph #periodfcnetwork #tatanka means #tatanka means gif pack #fc: tatanka means #fc: 30s #fc: cis man #fc: native american #tribe: oglala lakota sioux #tribe: yankton dakota sioux #tribe: omaha #tribe: navajo #gif pack #period fc #**Sveja #death tw #blood tw #eating tw #fighting tw #fire tw #flickering lights tw #horses tw #injury tw #shaky camera tw #shirtlessness tw #violence tw #wounds tw

[littlefeather-wolf]

Fool Thunder and family. Hunkpapa Lakota. 1880 ❤

The Hunkpapa (Lakota: Húŋkpapȟa) are a Native American group, one of the seven council fires of the Lakota tribe. The name Húŋkpapȟa is a Lakota word, meaning "Head of the Circle" (at one time, the tribe's name was represented in European-American records as Honkpapa). By tradition, the Húŋkpapȟa set up their lodges at the entryway to the circle of the Great Council when the Sioux met in convocation. They speak Lakȟóta, one of the three dialects of the Sioux language.

Seven hundred and fifty mounted Yankton, Yanktonai and Lakota joined six companies of the Sixth Infantry and 80 fur trappers in an attack on an Arikara Indian village at Grand River (now South Dakota) in August 1823, named the Arikara War. Members of the Lakota, a part of them "Ankpapat", were the first Native Americans to fight in the American Indian Wars alongside US forces west of the Missouri.

They may have formed as a tribe within the Lakota relatively recently, as the first mention of the Hunkpapa in European-American historical records was from a treaty of 1825.

By signing the 1825 treaty, the Hunkpapa and the United States committed themselves to keep up the "friendship which has heretofore existed". With their x-mark, the chiefs also recognized the supremacy of the United States. It is not certain whether they really understood the text in the document. The US representatives gave a medal to Little White Bear, who they understood was the principal Hunkpapa chief; they did not realize how decentralized Native American authority was.

With the Indian Vaccination Act of 1832, the United States assumed responsibility for the inoculation of the Indians against smallpox. Some visiting Hunkpapa may have benefitted from Dr. M. Martin's vaccination of about 900 southern Lakota (no divisions named) at the head of Medicine Creek that autumn. When smallpox struck in 1837, it hit the Hunkpapa as the northernmost Lakota division. The loss, however, may have been fewer than one hundred people.Overall, the Hunkpapa seem to have suffered less from new diseases than many other tribes did.

The boundaries for the Lakota Indian territory were defined in the general peace treaty negotiated near Fort Laramie in the summer of 1851. Leaders of eight different tribes, often at odds with each other and each claiming large territories, signed the treaty. The United States was a ninth party to it. The Crow Indian territory included a tract of land north of the Yellowstone, while the Little Bighorn River ran through the heartland of the Crow country (now Montana). The treaty defines the land of the Arikara, the Hidatsa and the Mandan as a mutual area north of Heart River, partly encircled by the Missouri (now North Dakota).

Soon enough the Hunkpapa and other Sioux attacked the Arikara and the two other so-called village tribes, just as they had done in the past. By 1854, these three smallpox-devastated tribes called for protection from the U.S. Army, and they would repeatedly do so almost to the end of inter-tribal warfare. Eventually the Hunkpapa and other Lakota took control of the three tribes' area north of Heart River, forcing the village people to live in Like a Fishhook Village outside their treaty land. The Lakota were largely in control of the occupied area to 1876–1877.

The United States Army General Warren estimated the population of the Hunkpapa Lakota at about 2920 in 1855. He described their territory as ranging "from the Big Cheyenne up to the Yellowstone, and west to the Black Hills. He states that they formerly intermarried extensively with the Cheyenne." He noted that they raided settlers along the Platte River In addition to dealing with warfare, they suffered considerable losses due to contact with Europeans and contracting of Eurasian infectious diseases to which they had no immunity.

The Hunkpapa gave some of their remote relatives among the Santee Sioux armed support during a large-scale battle near Killdeer Mountain in 1864 with U.S. troops led by General A. Sully.

The Great Sioux Reservation was established with a new treaty in 1868. The Lakota agreed to the construction of "any railroad" outside their reservation. The United States recognized that "the country north of the North Platte River and east of the summits of the Big Horn Mountains" was unsold or unceded Indian territory. These hunting grounds in the south and in the west of the new Lakota domain were used mainly by the Sicangu (Brule-Sioux) and the Oglala, living nearby.

The "free bands" of Hunkpapa favored campsites outside the unsold areas. They took a leading part in the westward enlargement of the range used by the Lakota in the late 1860s and the early 1870s at the expense of other tribes. In search for buffalo, Lakota regularly occupied the eastern part of the Crow Indian Reservation as far west as the Bighorn River, sometimes even raiding the Crow Agency, as they did in 1873. The Lakota pressed the Crow Indians to the point that they reacted like other small tribes: they called for the U.S. Army to intervene and take actions against the intruders.

In the late summer of 1873, the Hunkpapa boldly attacked the Seventh Cavalry in United States territory north of the Yellowstone. Custer's troops escorted a railroad surveying party here, due to similar attacks the year before. Battles such as Honsinger Bluff and Pease Bottom took place on land purchased by the United States from the Crow tribe on May 7, 1868.These continual attacks, and complaints from American Natives, prompted the Commissioner of Indian Affairs to assess the full situation on the northern plains. He said that the unfriendly Lakota roaming the land of other people should "be forced by the military to come in to the Great Sioux Reservation". That was in 1873, notably one year before the discovery of gold in the Black Hills, but the US government did not take action on this concept until three years later.

The Hunkpapa were among the victors in the Battle of Little Bighorn in the Crow Indian Reservation in July 1876.

Since the 1880s, most Hunkpapa have lived in the Standing Rock Indian Reservation (in North and South Dakota). It comprises land along the Grand River which had been used by the Arikara Indians in 1823; the Hunkpapa "won the west" half a century before the whites.

During the 1870s, when the Native Americans of the Great Plains were fighting the United States, the Hunkpapa were led by Sitting Bull in the fighting, together with the Oglala Lakota. They were among the last of the tribes to go to the reservations. By 1891, the majority of Hunkpapa Lakota, about 571 people, resided in the Standing Rock Indian Reservation of North and South Dakota ...

Since then they have not been counted separately from the rest of the Lakota ...

#lakota miniconjou #native american #littlefeather wolf #wayawolf412

[nbula-rising]

Dakota

The Dakota are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government in North America. They compose two of the three main subcultures of the Sioux people, and are typically divided into the Eastern Dakota and the Western Dakota.

The four bands of Eastern Dakota are the Bdewákaŋthuŋwaŋ, Waȟpéthuŋwaŋ, Waȟpékhute, and Sisíthuŋwaŋ and are sometimes referred to as the Santee (Isáŋyathi or Isáŋ-athi; "knife" + "encampment", "dwells at the place of knife flint"), who reside in the eastern Dakotas, central Minnesota and northern Iowa. They have federally recognized tribes established in several places.

The Western Dakota are the Yankton, and the Yanktonai (Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋ and Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋna; "Village-at-the-end" and "Little village-at-the-end"), who reside in the Upper Missouri River area. The Yankton-Yanktonai are collectively also referred to by the endonym Wičhíyena ("Those Who Speak Like Men"). They also have distinct federally recognized tribes. In the past the Western Dakota have been erroneously classified as Nakota, a branch of the Sioux who moved further west. The latter are now located in Montana and across the border in Canada, where they are known as Stoney.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_people

#native american #first nations #dakota

[shamandrummer]

Pass the Pipe

You've probably heard the expression "pass the peace pipe." It might have been when two parties struck a compromise after previously being at an impasse. The phrase comes from early American settlers and soldiers who noticed Indigenous peoples smoking ceremonial pipes during treaty signings. They misunderstood this to mean pipe smoking symbolized peacemaking in Native American culture and hence the word "peace pipe" and phrases like "pass the peace pipe" came about.

But, like many conventional American ideas about the history and culture of Indigenous peoples, the term peace pipe is a misnomer, says Gabrielle Drapeau, an interpretive park ranger at Minnesota's Pipestone National Monument and an enrolled member of the Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota. Tribal enrollment requirements preserve the unique character and traditions of each tribe. The tribes establish membership criteria based on shared customs, traditions, language and tribal blood.

Many Native Americans smoke pipes -- and not just in recognition of peace, but in ceremony and prayer as well as a way to connect with God. "So, don't use the term peace pipe," Drapeau says. "It's just pipe."

But these were -- and are still -- not just pipes. These artifacts, the tradition of pipe smoking and the ceremonies during which they are smoked hold far more significance for American Indian peoples across North America than the misnomer conveys.

A Short History of the Ceremonial Pipe

There is no singular word for these ceremonial pipes that spans all Native American cultures. The broad term often given to them is calumet, from the French word chalumet, which means reed or flute. Various tribes have their own unique names in their own languages. For example, the Lakota sacred pipe is called a chanunpa.

Ceremonial pipes have been a part of several Native American cultures for at least 5,000 years and are still used for ceremony and prayer. "I grew up this way. It's the only way I know how to pray," Drapeau says. "To me, it is like a physical representation of your connection to God."

The legends of how tribe elders first received pipes differ, too. According to Lakota legend, the first pipe was brought to Earth 19 generations ago by a divine messenger known as White Buffalo Calf Woman (known in the Lakota language as Pte-san Win-yan). The pipe was given to the people who would not forget -- the Oceti Sakowin, or Seven Council Fires of the Lakota, Dakota and Nakota nations. The Buffalo Calf Woman came to the tribes when there was a great famine and instructed them about living in balance with nature. She gifted the people with a sacred bundle containing the White Buffalo Calf Pipe, which still exists to this day and is kept by Chief Arvol Looking Horse of the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe. Other members of the tribes are also pipe carriers: stewards entrusted with the care of particular ceremonial and personal pipes.

#pipestone #ceremonial pipe #chanunpa #White Buffalo Calf Woman

[beardedmrbean]

SIOUX FALLS, S.D. (AP) — The former police chief of the Yankton Sioux Tribe in South Dakota has been charged by federal prosecutors with wire fraud and theft from the tribe.

Federal prosecutors allege that Chris Saunsoci sought wages both from the tribe and a local ministry that was providing flood relief. He allegedly held both positions between September 2020 and 2021 and sought wages for overlapping hours on 139 days. He was paid about $30,500 for both jobs on those days, according to court documents.

Saunsoci is also being charged with misusing an SUV that belonged to the tribe this year, the U.S. Attorney's office for South Dakota said.

Saunsoci pleaded not guilty to the charges in November after he was indicted by a federal grand jury. An attorney appointed to represent him did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

He faces 18 counts of wire fraud and two counts of theft from the tribe. The wire fraud charges carry a maximum sentence of 20 years in federal custody, while the theft charges carry a maximum sentence of five years in custody.

#nunyas news

[mudaship39]

Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota Indigenous characters of my BIPOC and QTIPOC Futurism Project

Dyani Maka. She is a Hunkpapa Lakota Indigenous woman. She is a partner and spouse of the Asian Pasifika and Afro latine Native main character.

Ana Anacaona Ahura Lagunas Zaghloul or Tahcawin Teton. She is an Afro Latine Indigenous woman as an Alexis Nakota Indigenous, Taino Indigenous Puerto Rican, Black African Egyptian, & Latine Puerto Rican woman of color‬. She is a member of the Alexis Nakota Sioux First Nation of Wood Stoney Nakota or Assiniboine. She grew up in a multi faith family. There are some people in her family that are Coptic and others that are Muslim. She was Muslim but now she is Kemetic Egyptian pagan. She has umber skin tone. She skin wise would have some acne scars and therefore areas of her skin would be a slightly different pigment.  She has 4a or 4c textured hair in a natural style. She has chin length to shoulder length locs as an alternative hair style. It is pulled back in a hairband. Her hair is colored dark brown with warm tones that are almost black. She is a polyamorous. She is cis queer. She uses she/her pronouns. Ana is near-sighted and has astigmatism which impacts her vision. She has a calcium deficiency which impacts her bones. She gets hives with allergic reactions to nearly everything. She also has depression. She has power over nature.  Ana has power over nature or plant life and organic matter.  She is from Earth and grew up in Neo Tampa, Florida. She now lives off-world on an alien exoplanet. She lives in Viridian City. Ana is an activist who is closely associated with the Elites and Paragons. She is an intergalactic representative of her planet in the Federation and holds public office. She was the leader and founder of the grassroots movement Earth Shakers and the mass movement Operation Earthquake who protested the Earth and Terran Confederation for their colonialism, imperialism, neocolonialism, & occupation. She is an Indigenous woc ex of Kana’i Makoa Latu/Ataahua Kamalani Latu. Together they have a son named Chayton Teton. She is a member of the Elites and Paragons.

Chaton Teton. Son of the main character and Ana Zaghloul or Tahcawin Teton.

‪Chaske Kiran Tiwari. He is a South Asian Nepalese and Western Yankton Dakota Indigenous. He is from the  Ihanktonwan Yankton Nakota Sioux Tribe. He is from Nepal. He is Hindu but is considering converting to Sikhism. He was part of the Nepalese Gurkha soldiers. After his service he came home to reconnect and connect with his cultural identity. He now lives in Pickstown, South Dakota. He is an Asian Native man of color‬. He has a mustache and beard. He practices kesh as a Sikh allows his long hair to grow which he keeps under his dastar or turban. He has olive brown skin tone. He has a warm complexion with gold undertones. He has skin that is both dry and oily. He has slight adult acne. His hair is smooth and straight that is dark brown with cold tones. He is a polyamorous. He is cis polysexual. He uses he/him pronouns. He has power over illusions. Chaske has ADHD and dyslexia. He has anxiety, depression and PTSD. His feet are pretty much destroyed. He probably has early-arthritis. He uses an advanced exoskeleton. He has a younger sibling. He was a community leader and mayor. He helped the Earth Shakers and Operation Earthquake with transportation and safe places that people could organize meetings in. He is an Indigenous moc ex of Kana’i Makoa Latu/Ataahua Kamalani Latu. Together they have a child named Tokala Tiwari. He is a member of the Elites and Paragons.  

‪Tanaya Avery Johnson. She is a Black American and Oglala Lakota Afro Indigenous Black Native woman of color. Her family is from the Pine Ridge Lakota Sioux Indian Reservation. Tanaya is Jewish. She is a JOC or Jew of Color. She is a Jewish convert. She has terra cotta skin tone.‬ She has blue undertones. She has her hair in full sew in or microbraids through hair extensions. She is a polyamorous. She is trans and queer. She is omnisexual. She uses she/her pronouns. She has subtle freckles dusting her nose. She has dry skin behind ears, on her neck, under her chin, & on elbows and ankles. She wears beaded dangle earrings.  She is 5’11.” She has a lean body type. She has many siblings. She is a water elementalist. She uses a hard light baseball bat as a close combat weapon. She is a displaced disconnected diaspora. She was born on Pluto. She now lives in Neo Omaha, Nebraska. She is a singer and songwriter. She is a water elementalist. She wears normal clothes over a specialized power suit. Tanaya has ADHD and synesthesia. She has dealt with asthma. She has issues with absorbing nutrients in the past. She also experiences self-image issues. She is an Indigenous woc ex of Kana’i Makoa Latu/Ataahua Kamalani Latu. She is a member of the Elites and Paragons.

Eyota Aqsaa Shannon Wanbli is an Afro Asian Native. She is a Santee Dakota Indigenous woman. She is an Afro Caribbean Trinidadian Black woman of color. She is a South Asian Pakistani woman of color. She is part of the Mdewakanton band of the Santee Eastern Dakota. She is Muslim. She is an only child. She is 46. She is fluent in Dakota, Lakota, Arabic, & French. She has a braids hairstyle. She has russet skin tone. Her family is from Knox County, Nebraska. After land was ceded they moved to North Dakota. She lives in Neo Minneapolis, Minnesota. She is a biomedical engineer who graduated from UNL with a major in mechanical engineering. She has a borzoi dog named Sirius. She dresses tastefully but prioritizes comfort. She wears beaded jewelry from her family. She is extroverted. She loves to interact with others whether it be friends, family, or strangers. 

Vincent Thuan Ngo or Mahpiya Tomahawk who is a Sičháŋǧu Brule Lakota Indigenous and Southeast Asian Vietnamese person of color. He is of the Rosebud Lakota Tribe. He is an Asian Native. He is Buddhist. He has a high and tight fade or buzz cut as an Indigenous veteran. He lives in Mission, South Dakota. His homebase is in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. He has medium brown skin with rose undertones. He is a heteromatic trans man. He is introverted and generally enjoys solitude. He is a part time gardener. He has a sibling, a sister, who is a neurologist in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 

Mato Reyes is a Latine Native character who is Assiniboine Nakota Indigenous. They are a member of the Fat Horse Assiniboine Nakota band of the Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes from Montana. He is Central American Latine Hondurean. He is from Old Glasgow, Montana. He lives in Neo Helena, Montana. He is Catholic. Mato has taupe brown skin with gold undertones. He has long, curly brown hair they usually wear in a tight bun. He has hazel eyes. He is a painter, inspired by the (potentially former) untouched beauty of Montana’s mountain ranges. He is 5”8. Mato struggles with compassion and has to often actively push himself to put others' needs before his own. He is a college graduate with a bachelor’s degree in philosophy, with the goal of becoming a philosophy professor.

@jinxthelotuswitch

[reddancer1]

Fool Thunder and family. Hunkpapa Lakota. 1880 

The Hunkpapa (Lakota: Húŋkpapȟa) are a Native American group, one of the seven council fires of the Lakota tribe. The name Húŋkpapȟa is a Lakota word, meaning "Head of the Circle" (at one time, the tribe's name was represented in European-American records as Honkpapa). By tradition, the Húŋkpapȟa set up their lodges at the entryway to the circle of the Great Council when the Sioux met in convocation. 

They speak Lakȟóta, one of the three dialects of the Sioux language.Seven hundred and fifty mounted Yankton, Yanktonai and Lakota joined six companies of the Sixth Infantry and 80 fur trappers in an attack on an Arikara Indian village at Grand River (now South Dakota) in August 1823, named the Arikara War. Members of the Lakota, a part of them "Ankpapat", were the first Native Americans to fight in the American Indian Wars alongside US forces west of the Missouri.

They may have formed as a tribe within the Lakota relatively recently, as the first mention of the Hunkpapa in European-American historical records was from a treaty of 1825.By signing the 1825 treaty, the Hunkpapa and the United States committed themselves to keep up the "friendship which has heretofore existed". With their x-mark, the chiefs also recognized the supremacy of the United States. It is not certain whether they really understood the text in the document. The US representatives gave a medal to Little White Bear, who they understood was the principal Hunkpapa chief; they did not realize how decentralized Native American authority was.

With the Indian Vaccination Act of 1832, the United States assumed responsibility for the inoculation of the Indians against smallpox. Some visiting Hunkpapa may have benefitted from Dr. M. Martin's vaccination of about 900 southern Lakota (no divisions named) at the head of Medicine Creek that autumn. When smallpox struck in 1837, it hit the Hunkpapa as the northernmost Lakota division. The loss, however, may have been fewer than one hundred people.Overall, the Hunkpapa seem to have suffered less from new diseases than many other tribes did.

The boundaries for the Lakota Indian territory were defined in the general peace treaty negotiated near Fort Laramie in the summer of 1851. Leaders of eight different tribes, often at odds with each other and each claiming large territories, signed the treaty. The United States was a ninth party to it. The Crow Indian territory included a tract of land north of the Yellowstone, while the Little Bighorn River ran through the heartland of the Crow country (now Montana). The treaty defines the land of the Arikara, the Hidatsa and the Mandan as a mutual area north of Heart River, partly encircled by the Missouri (now North Dakota).

Soon enough the Hunkpapa and other Sioux attacked the Arikara and the two other so-called village tribes, just as they had done in the past. By 1854, these three smallpox-devastated tribes called for protection from the U.S. Army, and they would repeatedly do so almost to the end of inter-tribal warfare. Eventually the Hunkpapa and other Lakota took control of the three tribes' area north of Heart River, forcing the village people to live in Like a Fishhook Village outside their treaty land. The Lakota were largely in control of the occupied area to 1876–1877.The United States Army General Warren estimated the population of the Hunkpapa Lakota at about 2920 in 1855. 

He described their territory as ranging "from the Big Cheyenne up to the Yellowstone, and west to the Black Hills. He states that they formerly intermarried extensively with the Cheyenne." He noted that they raided settlers along the Platte River In addition to dealing with warfare, they suffered considerable losses due to contact with Europeans and contracting of Eurasian infectious diseases to which they had no immunity.The Hunkpapa gave some of their remote relatives among the Santee Sioux armed support during a large-scale battle near Killdeer Mountain in 1864 with U.S. troops led by General A. Sully.

The Great Sioux Reservation was established with a new treaty in 1868. The Lakota agreed to the construction of "any railroad" outside their reservation. The United States recognized that "the country north of the North Platte River and east of the summits of the Big Horn Mountains" was unsold or unceded Indian territory. These hunting grounds in the south and in the west of the new Lakota domain were used mainly by the Sicangu (Brule-Sioux) and the Oglala, living nearby.

The "free bands" of Hunkpapa favored campsites outside the unsold areas. They took a leading part in the westward enlargement of the range used by the Lakota in the late 1860s and the early 1870s at the expense of other tribes. In search for buffalo, Lakota regularly occupied the eastern part of the Crow Indian Reservation as far west as the Bighorn River, sometimes even raiding the Crow Agency, as they did in 1873. The Lakota pressed the Crow Indians to the point that they reacted like other small tribes: they called for the U.S. Army to intervene and take actions against the intruders.In the late summer of 1873, the Hunkpapa boldly attacked the Seventh Cavalry in United States territory north of the Yellowstone. 

Custer's troops escorted a railroad surveying party here, due to similar attacks the year before. Battles such as Honsinger Bluff and Pease Bottom took place on land purchased by the United States from the Crow tribe on May 7, 1868.These continual attacks, and complaints from American Natives, prompted the Commissioner of Indian Affairs to assess the full situation on the northern plains. He said that the unfriendly Lakota roaming the land of other people should "be forced by the military to come in to the Great Sioux Reservation".

 That was in 1873, notably one year before the discovery of gold in the Black Hills, but the US government did not take action on this concept until three years later.The Hunkpapa were among the victors in the Battle of Little Bighorn in the Crow Indian Reservation in July 1876.Since the 1880s, most Hunkpapa have lived in the Standing Rock Indian Reservation (in North and South Dakota).

 It comprises land along the Grand River which had been used by the Arikara Indians in 1823; the Hunkpapa "won the west" half a century before the whites.During the 1870s, when the Native Americans of the Great Plains were fighting the United States, the Hunkpapa were led by Sitting Bull in the fighting, together with the Oglala Lakota. They were among the last of the tribes to go to the reservations. By 1891, the majority of Hunkpapa Lakota, about 571 people, resided in the Standing Rock Indian Reservation of North and South Dakota. Since then they have not been counted separately from the rest of the Lakota.

[specialagentartemis]

Ella Cara Deloria / Aŋpétu Wašté Wiŋ (Beautiful Day Woman)

Yankton Indian Reservation, South Dakota

1889-1971

Part of my Aro Week series on Romantic De-prioritization in History.

When I was noodling about this Aro Week series I wanted to do, a friend told me about Ella Deloria, just a few weeks ago.  When I read up on her, I was shocked I had never heard of her before.  A pioneering anthropologist and linguist in the early-mid 20th century, she worked with such luminaries as Franz Boas, Margaret Mead, and Ruth Benedict.  In my Introduction to Anthropology Theory class, of course we read Boas and Mead and Benedict. They were foundational; you can't learn the history of anthropology without them.  In several other classes, I read work by her nephew, the acerbic and brilliant Vine Deloria Jr.  He's foundational, too; you can't learn Indigenous philosophy without him.  But we never learned about Ella Cara Deloria.  And I feel cheated.

Ella Cara Deloria was born on the Yankton Sioux Reservation to parents of mixed Yankton-European descent.  Her father was an ordained Episcopal priest, and her family was very religiously Christian. She was educated at her father's mission school, and later got a teaching degree from Columbia Teachers' College.  She was never graduate-level trained in anthropology, but at college she met Franz Boas, and did pioneering anthropological research for the rest of her life.  She was an anthropologist, linguist, teacher, writer, and translator; she spoke Dakota and Lakota fluently because her family spoke those at home, and also was fluent in English and Latin.  She did pioneering anthropological work documenting Dakota and Lakota traditional religion and language.  She apparently even challenged a white anthropologist when he couldn't tell the difference between traditional Lakota lore and creative fiction.  Though she was a Christian from a Christian family, she published descriptions of Lakota traditional religion to try to make it sympathetic and understandable to mainstream white America.  She was critical in gathering ethnographic data for Boas as well as publishing her own work.  She worked with the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina to support their bid for recognition, a critical piece of which was documenting their language and traditional plant knowledge; she was working on a comprehensive dictionary of the Lakota language when she died.

She was really cool and interesting, is what I'm saying, and did a lot of both interesting and crucial work.  My Anthro Theory professor made a point to try to incorporate women and scholars of color into the syllabus so it wasn't all Old Dead Ethnocentric White Men; so where was her work with Lakota religion and language?  Franz Boas and so many of his students were highlighted because they truly made American anthropology what it is; where was Deloria?

And of course, what makes her part of this series is that Deloria never married; she divided her time between caring for her elderly parents, living with her sister, and travelling the country doing anthropological research.  Her family and L/Dakota community were really important to her.  So was understanding the social dimension of Being L/Dakota and making that information known and accessible to white America, in an effort to present Native people as, well, people, with complex, interesting, and relatable religions, stories, and society.

So far, I've only read about her on the internet; I would absolutely love to learn more about her.

But this is the note I've decided to end Aro Week on; the re-affirmation that there are always more people out there to learn about, even where you least expect them; that every individual who has aromantic resonances to me certainly had their own priorities, values, and feelings regarding attraction, relationships, and romance.  I can't necessarily know them all specifically—but that diversity in the human experience is there. It's beautiful.  And it's affirming, to think that by living my life I can add to it.

#Ella Cara Deloria #people #history #Aro Week #aromantic spectrum awareness week

[weheartchrisevans]

On the day of his inauguration, President Joe Biden issued an executive order that revoked the permit for the long-disputed Keystone XL oil pipeline.

“The world must be put on a sustainable climate pathway to protect Americans and the domestic economy from harmful climate impacts, and to create well-paying union jobs as part of the climate solution,” read the Jan. 20 order.“Leaving the Keystone XL pipeline permit in place would not be consistent with my administration’s economic and climate imperatives.”

Now, less than three weeks later, more than 200 people have signed a letter addressed to Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris urging them to shut down the Dakota Access Pipeline after a court ruled that President Donald Trump’s administration broke the law when it pushed forward with construction during his tenure in the White House. The letter, dated Feb. 8, was signed by actors, artists, filmmakers, producers, indigenous leaders, climate activists and nonprofit founders, among others. Signatories include Leonardo DiCaprio, Cher, Ava DuVernay, Jane Fonda, Robert Downey Jr., Chris Evans, Chris Hemsworth, Scarlett Johansson, Don Cheadle, Jason Momoa, Kerry Washington, Sarah Silverman, Amy Schumer, Chelsea Handler, Jennifer Connelly and Paul Bettany, Joaquin Phoenix and Rooney Mara, and newly engaged Aaron Rodgers and Shailene Woodley. Also putting their names behind it are members of the We Stand United collective: Mark Ruffalo, producer Bruce Cohen, Julia Walsh, Marisa Tomei and Rebecca Chaiklin.

The letter recaps the battle over the Dakota Access Pipeline and details how, over the previous four years, the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe, Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe, Yankton Sioux Tribe and Oglala Sioux Tribe have fought to keep it from being completed. In July 2020, a court ordered that it be shut down and a hearing is set for Feb. 10 to determine a final ruling. The pipeline carries oil from North Dakota underground through South Dakota and Iowa, ending in Patoka, Illinois, and has long been protested by activists, including celebrities like Woodley, who was once arrested during such an event.

“We urge you to remedy this historic injustice and direct the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to immediately shut down the illegal Dakota Access Pipeline while the Environmental Impact Statement process is conducted, consistent with the D.C. District Court’s decision and order,” reads today’s letter. “Additionally, the U.S. Army Corps must ensure a robust environmental review with significant tribal consultation, tribal consent, and a thorough risk analysis. With your leadership, we have a momentous opportunity to protect our water and respect our environmental laws and the rights of Indigenous people. This is our moment.”

#chris evans #dakota access pipeline #keystone xl pipeline #news

[sanguinarysanguinity]

SIOUX FALLS, S.D. (AP) — The remains of nine Native American children who died more than a century ago while attending a government-run school in Pennsylvania meant to assimilate them into white culture have been returned to their South Dakota tribe for burial on its reservation.

The Rosebud Sioux planned to rebury the remains during a ceremony on Saturday, the Argus Leader reported.

The effort to return the remains took nearly six years. A caravan of young adults tasked with bringing the remains home to the reservation set out Tuesday from the site of the former Carlisle Indian Reform School, which is about 20 miles (32 kilometers) west of the Pennsylvania capital Harrisburg.

It made several stops along the way, including in Yankton and Whetstone on Friday for emotional ceremonies with tribal members. Another ceremony was held earlier Friday at a Missouri River landing near Sioux City, Iowa, which was where the children, who died between 1880 and 1910, boarded a steamboat for their journey east.

“This is a common sorrow we share, but on this day we have a common celebration,” Ben Rhodd, a member of the Rosebud Sioux, told the gathering in Yankton.

Rodney Bordeaux, the tribe’s president, said Friday’s events were historic and thanked the young people for bringing the remains back.

“This is going to make us that much stronger as a people as we reclaim who we are,” he said. “Indian Country nationwide is rising up. We’re going to be stronger as we go forward.”

Christopher Eagle Bear, 23, who was part of the youth council responsible for bringing returning the remains, said, “On this day, it is an honor to be Lakota. Hopefully, what we do here can inspire another youth group to move the road further than what we have started.”

Some of the children will be reburied in a veterans’ cemetery on the reservation and others will be interred at family graveyards, tribal officials said.

U.S. Interior Secretary Deb Haaland last month announced a nationwide investigation into the boarding schools that attempted to assimilate Indigenous children into white society.

Haaland, the first Native American to serve as a Cabinet secretary, said “forced assimilation practices” stripped away the children’s clothing, their language and their culture. She said the government aims to locate the schools and burial sites and identify the names and tribal affiliations of children from the boarding schools around the country.

The Carlisle school, which was founded by an Army officer and opened in 1880, was the first of its kind off a reservation and set an example later used by other schools to assimilate Native American children into white culture. It took drastic steps to separate students from their Indigenous cultures, including cutting their braids, dressing them in military-style uniforms and punishing them for speaking their native languages. They were also forced to adopt European names.

More than 10,000 Native American children were taught at the Carlisle school and endured harsh conditions that sometimes led to death from such diseases as tuberculosis.

(July 17 2021; updated July 20)

#residential schools #genocide cw #rosebud sioux #sicangu lakota #lakota #carlisle school #Spotted Tail yanked his children from that school when he discovered how his children were being treated #not all of the children of Rosebud were so lucky #welcome home little ones

[fatehbaz]

The Keystone XL pipeline has already begun construction, and it was only possible because of one big key development in the past few days: Alberta’s money. Alberta bought a stake in the pipeline and guaranteed $6 billion in loans. Curious what the Alberta provincial government has to say to the people of the Crow, Northern Cheyenne, Fort Belknap, Fort Peck, Fort Berthold, Standing Rock Sioux, Cheyenne River, Pine Ridge, Rosebud Sioux, Lower Brule, Crow Creek, Yankton, and Flandreau Santee reservations? Who will also face the environmental consequences of potential oil leakage into the Missouri and Yellowstone rivers. Who are already living in a remote food desert with little access to healthcare. And who now also face severe criminal charges and threats of imprisonment and violence after the state of South Dakota functionally criminalized protests against fossil fuel infrastructure. And who will now face exposure to covid/coronavirus from the thousands of pipeline construction workers who are arriving in the region.

EcoWatch:

The construction that began yesterday [6 April 2020] involved around 100 workers in a remote border crossing between Montana and Canada, which is home to cattle ranches and wheat fields, according to a spokesperson from TC Energy, as the AP reported. The number of people involved in the construction is supposed to grow into the thousands as construction advances.

The government in Alberta is throwing in $1.1 billion to support construction of the pipeline, which will stretch 1,210 miles from the town of Hardisty, in Alberta, Canada, to Steele City, Nebraska, and will begin operating in 2023, as The Hill reported. The investment from Alberta's government will support construction through 2020 and triggered the surprise announcement that construction would begin. The pipeline is predicted to carry 830,00 barrels of crude every day for transfer to refineries and export terminals in the Gulf of Mexico.

Alberta will also guarantee a $6 billion loan to TC Energy.

However, as Bill McKibben, founder of 360.org, noted in The Guardian, the worker camps on the edge of Native American territory bring up memories of introduced epidemics that wiped out 90 percent of the Native American population.

"As Faith Spotted Eagle of the Yankton Sioux put it, 'this causes eerie memories for us [of] the infected smallpox blankets that were distributed to tribes intentionally,'" McKibben wrote.

--------

From Montana Public Radio:

At the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, which overlaps with Valley County, Chairman Floyd Azure of the Fort Peck Assiniboine & Sioux Tribes says he’s concerned about the possible risk of infection.

Attorney Matthew Campbell, who represents the Fort Belknap Indian Community in Montana and the Rosebud Sioux Tribe in South Dakota, says his clients have declared a state of emergency for the virus.

“Part of what we have submitted to the court is the concern about the gathering of these man camps with many people are working together and working on the pipelines and are near these tribal communities which are general at risk communities in general anyway," Campbell said.  

Campbell represents the tribes in an ongoing lawsuit against TC Energy on the grounds that the pipeline would cross tribally-owned land and therefore violate their land rights.

-------

Keystone XL developers have so far planned for 11 worker camps in eastern Montana and western South Dakota, with some of the camps hosting up to 1,000 pipeline workers.

[fuckyeahmarxismleninism]

Emboldened by President Joe Biden’s action to rescind former President Donald Trump’s presidential permit to the Keystone XL pipeline project, leaders of four Sioux tribes are requesting Biden take action on the controversial Dakota Access Pipeline.

Leaders of the Yankton Sioux Tribe, Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe, Oglala Sioux Tribe and the Standing Rock Tribe sent a letter to Biden on Tuesday requesting he take quick and decisive action on the Dakota Access Pipeline within the first 10 days of his administration.

[kny111]

The Sioux or Oceti Sakowin (/suː/; Dakota: Očhéthi Šakówiŋ /otʃʰeːtʰi ʃakoːwĩ/) are groups of Native American tribes and First Nations peoples in North America. The term is an exonym created from a French transcription of the Anishinaabe term "Nadouessioux", and can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or to any of the nation's many language dialects. The modern Sioux consist of two major divisions based on language divisions: the Dakota and Lakota.

Before the 17th century, the Santee Dakota (Isáŋyathi; "Knife" also known as the Eastern Dakota) lived around Lake Superior with territories in present-day northern Minnesota and Wisconsin. They gathered wild rice, hunted woodland animals and used canoes to fish. Wars with the Ojibwe throughout the 1700s pushed the Dakota into southern Minnesota, where the Western Dakota (Yankton, Yanktonai) and Teton (Lakota) were residing. In the 1800s, the Dakota signed treaties with the United States, ceding much of their land in Minnesota. Failure of the United States to make treaty payments on time, as well as low food supplies, led to the Dakota War of 1862, which resulted in the Dakota being exiled from Minnesota to numerous reservations in Nebraska, North and South Dakota and Canada. After 1870, the Dakota people began to return to Minnesota, creating the present-day reservations in the state.

The Yankton and Yanktonai Dakota (Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋ and Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋna; "Village-at-the-end" and "Little village-at-the-end"), collectively also referred to by the endonym Wičhíyena, resided in the Minnesota River area before ceding their land and moving to South Dakota in 1858. Despite ceding their lands, their treaty with the U.S. government allowed them to maintain their traditional role in the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ as the caretakers of the Pipestone Quarry, which is the cultural center of the Sioux people. They are considered to be the Western Dakota (also called middle Sioux), and have in the past been erroneously classified as Nakota. The actual Nakota are the Assiniboine and Stoney of Western Canada and Montana.

The Lakota, also called Teton (Thítȟuŋwaŋ; possibly "dwellers on the prairie"), are the westernmost Sioux, known for their hunting and warrior culture. With the arrival of the horse in the 1700s, the Lakota would become the most powerful tribe on the Plains by the 1850s. They fought the United States Army in the Sioux Wars including defeating the 7th Cavalry Regiment at the Battle of Little Big Horn. The armed conflicts with the U.S. ended with the Wounded Knee Massacre.

Pictured:  Sitting Bull, a Hunkpapa Lakota chief and holy man, c. 1831 – 1890 December 15.

#native american history #history #native indigenous #colonialism #neocolonialism #sioux #sioux tribe

[madamlaydebug]

We need a national day of mourning for the coronavirus. ⁠

⁠

As the first vaccinations began in the U.S. on Monday, bringing with them a ray of hope, the nation hit a grim milestone: more than 300,000 people dead from the virus so far. ⁠

⁠

“We’ve been struggling,” said Douglas Yankton, chairman of the Spirit Lake Tribe in North Dakota. Native Americans have been disproportionately infected, hospitalized and killed by the virus. Yankton lost four family members — an uncle and three cousins — in the span of a week. ⁠

⁠

“It’s a burden not only on the families but on the community when we keep having to bury our people,” he said. ⁠

⁠

Scott Davis, a member of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe, who lost two cousins and a friend to COVID-19, said that there’s been “no closure” as coronavirus protocols have prevented people from visiting hospitalized loved ones or gathering for funerals. ⁠

⁠

“They go to the hospital, you can’t see them, you can’t be around them, and all of a sudden it happens, and then the families are left struggling to have closure,” he said. “You gotta mourn.”⁠

⁠

With an average now of 2,400 people dying each day of the coronavirus, Black and Latinx people have also been disproportionately affected — not only by the deaths but also by the economic fallout from the pandemic, including high rates of joblessness. ⁠

⁠

Grief coach Breeshia Wade said that a national day of observance for the coronavirus losses would be important for “accountability and acknowledging the massive failure in how this played out.”⁠

⁠

“It’s not just the death toll. There’s the loss of a way of life, of American identity and what it means to be a cohesive country that comes together to protect its citizens,” Wade said. “There’s a loss of trust with our neighbors, with some wearing a mask and some who aren’t.” ⁠

⁠

“We need something to bring us together to honor what has been lost if we’re going to have any hope of healing,” she added.⁠

[mudaship39]

Alpha Centurion War:

Tanya Avery Johnson, Jaan Kai Yazzie, Hurit Ridley Clarke, Chaske Kiran Tiwari, Kelly Andrea Perez, Cheng Na, Angela Robinson, Hoan Escalante Valencia Yocupicio, & Ana Anacaoana Ahura Lagunas Zaghloul were with their partner Kana'i Makoa Latu/Ataahua Kamalani Latu.

Ana Anacaoana Ahura Lagunas Zaghloul. She is an Afro Latinx Indigenous woman as an Alexis Nakota Indigenous, Taino Indigenous Puerto Rican, Black African Egyptian, & Latinx Puerto Rican woman of color.  She is a member of the Alexis Nakota Sioux First Nation of Wood Stoney Nakota or Assiniboine. She grew up in a multi faith family. There are some people in her family that are Coptic and others that are Muslim. She was Muslim but now she is Kemetic Eygptian pagan.

Chaske Kiran Tiwari. He is a South Asian Nepalese and Western Yankton Dakota Indigenous. He is from the  Ihanktonwan Yankton Nakota Sioux Tribe. He is from Nepal. He is Hindu but is considering converting to Sikhism.

Tanaya Avery Johnson. She is a Black American and Oglala Lakota Afro Indigenous Black Native woman of color. Her family is from the Pine Ridge Lakota Sioux Indian Reservation. Tanaya is Jewish. She is a JOC or Jew of Color. She is a Jewish convert. She is a trans bipoc.

Jaan Yazzie. He is a Dine Indigenous man of color. He practices the traditional Indigenous Dine spirituality. Jaan is a member of the Tábąąhá (Water's Edge clan) Dine clan.

Far Seer or Pīṗiiyīk̇k̇ítsāaṗī (Hurit Ridley Clarke). They are Coastal Salish. They are from the Musqueam band of Coastal Salish. They are a Northern Piikani and Siksika or Blackfoot. They are of the Ampskapi Piikani band of the Piegan Blackfeet of the Blackfoot Confederacy or Niitsitapi. They are a two spirit Indigenous person. They are mixed Scottish.

Angela Robinson or Galilahi Lightfoot is a Black Native character who is Afro Tsalagi or Cherokee Indigenous. She is a Cherokee Freedman. She is a Black Native Freedman. She is from the wolf clan. She is from the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians.

Cheng Na or Wanigei who is East Asian Chinese and Cherokee or Tsalagi Indigenous. She is an Asian Native. She is from the deer clan. She is from the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians.

Ruby Reaper (Kelly Andrea Perez or Gouyen Mescal is an Afro Latinx Native Apache Indigenous two spirit woman. Kelly is Chiricahua, Lipan, & Mescalero Apache and Mexican Latinx. Kelly Andrea Gouyen Mescal is two spirit Indigenous.

Shadow Angel (Hoan Escalante Valencia Yocupicio) who is Mexican Latinx person and Yaqui or Yoeme Indigenous person of color. They are Guadalupe Yaqui and Old Pascua Yaqui.

They all knew about Alexander’s/Alexandria’s disabilities. He/she/they were disabled as someone physically disabled with a bionic and cybernetic eye. He/she/they are autistic as someone with autism. He/she/they are neurodivergent as someone with add, ocd, hyperlexia, and adhd.  He/she/they are disabled as someone with mental illnesses of depression. anxiety, panic attacks, schizophrenia, bp or bipolar disorder, did or dissociative identity disorder, & ptsd or post traumatic stress disorder. 

They didn’t understand it but they did try to make life accessible in their home for him/her/them as they could.  Honestly there were many things about his/her/their disabilities that they did not understand. But they did make steps to understand and educate themselves about it and that’s what he/she/they appreciated.

[rjzimmerman]

Excerpt from this article from Sierra Club:

I visited the Yankton Sioux reservation in early October, and even I—a Native person used to seeing how Indigenous communities are poorly treated—was shocked by what I saw there.

Hundreds of Native children have spent the past six months living in homes flooded by water. The main road to town, Highway 18, just reopened in September. Then, just two weeks after the reopening, another epic storm brought 11 inches of rain in 24 hours. The new road washed out, and homes once again flooded. Residents now rely on a much longer and rutted dirt road to get to town and school. During heavy rains, runoff also makes that road impassable.

"Our community is literally drowning," the tribe declared in an August 12 statement released even before the latest spout of rains, "due to State negligence and indifference to the health and well-being of our people." But state and federal officials have offered little to no help. There’s a National Guard unit based on the reservation, just 20 miles away in the town of Wagner, where the tribal offices are located. Tribal members say the Wagner National Guard unit has extensive bridge-building and water-treatment equipment to deal specifically with water disasters, and a trip from Wagner to Lake Andes usually takes just 15 minutes. But when the tribe asked Governor Kristi Noem to mobilize the guard, the South Dakota governor refused the tribe's request.

The Trump administration has also turned a blind eye to the humanitarian crisis on the Yankton Sioux reservation. After the most recent rains and flooding, the White House issued an emergency declaration for 25 counties in South Dakota, including the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe and the Rosebud Sioux Tribe. The Yankton Sioux Tribe and the county that contains the reservation, Charles Mix County, were not included. Some Yankton tribal members speculate that the lack of action by both the state and federal governments may be due to their active support of Standing Rock Sioux during the Dakota Access Pipeline fight.

#Midwest flooding #Native Americans #tribal reservations #Yankton Sioux reservation