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useless-catalanfacts · 4 months

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Who was the last deadly victim of the Spanish Inquisition?

Technically, the last victim sentenced to death by the Spanish Inquisition was María de los Dolores López, a Sevillian nun killed in 1781 for heresy. However, things didn't stop there.

The Spanish government of the Three Liberal Years (1820-1823) technically abolished the Inquisition, but the Inquisition continued the same now under the name of "Faith Tribunals". The same men who were inquisitors continued to do the same job as members of the Faith Tribunals, and the Inquisition's prisons simply became the Faith Tribunal's prisons. De facto, everything stayed the same until 1834.

Then, who was the last person killed by these fanatic tribunals?

It was this man: Gaietà Ripoll i Pla. A teacher sentenced to death in the city of València in the year 1826.

He was born in Solsona (Catalonia) in 1778. He fought in the Peninsula War against Napoleon's invasion, but in 1810 was captured as a prisoner of war and taken to France. There, he met Quakers and converted to Deism (belief in God that can be observed through empirical means, but not follower of one specific religion or Church). Four years later he came back and became a teacher.

He taught children in Russafa (nowadays, this town has been absorbed by the growing city of València and has become a neighbourhood of València), in a house built by the neighbours and also giving private lessons. Russafa was a very rural town, where most of its inhabitants worked in the fields and did not know how to read nor write.

Writings of the time show that Gaietà was very respected by the neighbours, who praised his integrity and goodness, but the fact that he did not go to mass caught people's attention. When a local woman asked him why he didn't go, he answered that he knew more than the priests. After some time, some neighbours told the Archbishop of València that this teacher was not following Catholicism's rules and wasn't making children pray in school.

He was arrested in October 1824 and jailed for two years in what used to be the Inquisition's prison in València, which was now the Valencian Faith Tribunal's prison. The inquisitor (now president of València's Faith Tribunal) Miguel Toranzo wrote that Gaietà refused to accept the truth of Catholicism and that he told children in his school that they should not say Ave María Purísima and that it's not necessary to hear mass in order to be saved.

To sentence him to death, the tribunal used the Medieval Partidas laws from Castile, which sentenced to death those Christians who had walked away from Catholicism to become heretics or Jewish. He was sentenced to be hanged and burned, but the sentence added that "nowadays no nation in Europe burns or materially sentences men to the flames", thus "the burning can be represented by painting flames on a bucket, which the executioner will place under the scaffold so that the prisoner's suffocated body will fall in it".

And that's how it went. He was hanged in València's Market Square, fell on the fake-flames bucket, and his body was thrown to the Túria river.

During all the centuries that it lasted for, the Inquisition/Faith Tribunals caused unimaginable amounts of suffering and death, not only to the people they were torturing and killing, also to their families, their friends, their neighbourhoods (consider the fear and trauma inflicted on everyone who saw it happen and knew it could happen to anyone), their whole communities (was the mostly-illiterate town of Russafa not better with the work of this kind-hearted teacher who gave its children a formal education?), and even the whole of Humanity (we have lost countless works of art, of science, philosophy, medicine, new ideas that could bring us all better times). Even after the end of the Inquisition/Faith Tribunals, even after the end of the Spanish national-Catholic dictatorship (1939-1978), there is so much that we can never get back that was taken by religious fanaticism / Christian extremism.

Translation of the plaque: València's City Council restores this plaque which was in this square between the years 1906 and 1940, in homage to Gaietà Ripoll i Pla, a freethinker teacher who had his school in Russafa and who was the Inquisition's last victim.

#història #país valencià #history #inquisition #19th century #1800s #gaietà ripoll i pla #russafa #valència #solsona #did you know #interesting facts #fun facts #european history #historical #society #spanish inquisition

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rabbitcruiser · 7 months

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Solsona, Spain (No. 10)

Solsona stands out for the varied festivals it celebrates during the year and especially for the folkloric and traditional character of its celebrations:

The most important of the festivities is the Festa Mayor, a celebration that began in the eighteenth century, but with even older origins. It is celebrated from September 7 to 11, with the first three days being the most important and outstanding.

Solsona also celebrates Corpus Christi, having a structure very similar to that of the Festa Mayor, since the folklore that participates in the Festa Mayor, initially arose in this festivity.

Since the 1970s, the celebration that has taken a lot of strength and that brings together thousands of attendees every year is the Carnival of Solsona that is usually celebrated in February. Its parody character and its own original style make it one of the best Carnivals that exist. For San Isidro, in May, the San Isidro Fair is celebrated. It is a fair organized on weekends and dedicated to the agricultural and livestock sector, being an important attraction for the city.

Another characteristic festivities is that of Easter where through the streets of Solsona different groups go out to sing the traditional caramellas being accompanied by dances and trabucaires.

Finally, it is also worth mentioning the celebration of other events such as the Three Tombs for San Antonio, or the meeting of giants dedicated to children that takes place on August 16, or the Christmas celebrations that involve the theatrical representation of the Shepherds.

Source: Wikipedia

#Solsona #España #Southern Europe #Nucli antic #pedestrian zone #Solsonès #Northern Spain #Lleida #Catalonia #summer 2021 #travel #original photography #vacation #tourist attraction #landmark #architecture #cityscape #Art Noveau

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ernestdescalsartwok · 2 months

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flickr

SANTUARI-EL MIRACLE-RINER-PINTURA-ART-RESTAURANT-ALBERG-PELEGRINS-PAISATGES-SOLSONÉS-CATALUNYA-PINTOR-ERNEST DESCALS por Ernest Descals Por Flickr: SANTUARI-EL MIRACLE-RINER-PINTURA-ART-RESTAURANT-ALBERG-PELEGRINS-PAISATGES-SOLSONÉS-CATALUNYA-PINTOR-ERNEST DESCALS- Edificios en el SANTUARI DE EL MIRACLE en Riner, muy cercano a Solsona, comarca de El Solsonès en la Catalunya Central, antiguamente daban cobijo a los Peregrinos y ahora también sirve como hospedaje, un restaurante tiene su lugar entre las paredes de piedra, la luz de la tarde incide en algunas de sus fachadas y los árboles impregnan sus sombras en las paredes. Paisajes con contraste de luces al final del invierno. Pintura paisajista del artista pintor Ernest Descals sobre papel de 50x 70 centímetros.

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otro-lunes-triste · 5 months

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Nos quedaremos juntos por que yo no puedo vivir solo y tú no puedes vivir sin mi.

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aliguesdecatalunya · 1 year

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#Repost @xavierfoto • • • • • • L'àliga dins de la catedral de Solsona #aligadesolsona #Solsona #catedraldesolsona #Catalunya #culturacatalana #AligaDeSolsona #AligaDeCatalunya #AliguesDeCatalunya #FiguresZoomorfiques #ImatgeriaFestiva #BestiariFestiuIPopular #BallDeLAliga #Aliga #Aguila #Aguiles #Aligues #CulturaPopulariTradicional #BestiariFestiu #BestiariPopular (en Solsona) https://www.instagram.com/p/CktsAUwt0r-/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

#repost #aligadesolsona #solsona #catedraldesolsona #catalunya #culturacatalana #aligadecatalunya #aliguesdecatalunya #figureszoomorfiques #imatgeriafestiva #bestiarifestiuipopular #balldelaliga #aliga #aguila #aguiles #aligues #culturapopularitradicional #bestiarifestiu #bestiaripopular

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dansasolsona · 2 years

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Algunes imatges del Festival de Dansa 2022. Avui a la tarda més. Puntuals a les 18h. Gràcies a l'Excm, @ajsolsona 💖#Solsona 💜#Solsonès 💗#escoladedansasolsona 💕#joveballetsolsoni 💞#G12wildfeet 🌹#royalacademyofdance 📷@petitsfotografia 👗@astridguasch 💧@jovaly_restaurant 🕺#hiphop #ballet #contemparydance #neoclassic (at Escola de Dansa Solsona) https://www.instagram.com/p/Ce-2RU_IyMt/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

#solsona #solsonès #escoladedansasolsona #joveballetsolsoni #g12wildfeet #royalacademyofdance #hiphop #ballet #contemparydance #neoclassic

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terminusantequem · 2 years

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Alberto Solsona (Spanish, 1947-1988), Balcón nocturno, 1985. Oil on canvas, 160 x 160 cm

#alberto solsona

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ifreakingloveroyals · 1 year

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Through the Years → Queen Letizia of Spain (2,212/∞)

25 November 2022 | Queen Letizia waves upon her arrival at the 34th edition of the 'Rei Jaume I Awards' ceremony, at La Lonja de Valencia, in Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain. The 'Rei Jaume I Awards' are given to individuals who stand out in their field of work and who have carried out most of their professional activity in Spain. There are a total of six awards, each endowed with 100,000 euros and a gold medal. The winners in each category are committed to donating part of the prize money to research and entrepreneurship in Spain . (Photo By Rober Solsona/Europa Press via Getty Images)

#Queen Letizia #Spain #2022 #Rober Solsona #Europa Press via Getty Images #through the years: Letizia

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stephenist · 3 months

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#alberto solsona #nada que decir #1976 #art #artist #MACBA #museu d’Art contemporani de barcelona

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buniyaad · 6 months

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oh that ending was atrocious but fitting 😂😂😂

#the valancourt book of world horror stories #elisenda solsona #mechanisms #real talk #book hoe

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alejandromanas · 10 months

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Exposición "La muerte no existe. El espíritu ni nace ni muere", que se podrá ver hasta el 26 de septiembre.

Organizada por la Fundación Térvalis junto al Monasterio Santa Maria Del Olivar en colaboración con Turismo y Cultura Andorra Sierra de Arcos y el apoyo de la Universitat Politècnica de València UPV y el Museo Provincial de Teruel - DPT

Comisariado: Gene Martín y Alejandro Mañas Garcia

Artista: Eulalia Valldosera, Ernesto Artillo, Joana Cera, Leo Tena, Diego Aznar Remón, Mariano Calvé, Ramón Boter, Quinita Fogué, Fernando Gaya, Alina Rotzinger, Lucia Villarroya Gorbe, Gene Martín, Marianela Morales, Hugo Casanova, Carmen Solsona, Artista visual Alejandro MAÑAS, Araceli García, Circulo de Agua, Carolina Cañada, Robyn Chadwick, Jose Miguel Abril Aznar, Mijael Riggieri, Mateo Patón, Carlos Pujol, Sandra Money, Reyes Esteban, Marta Ortega, Laura Kmetz, Laura Rubio y Luis Salvador.

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useless-catalanfacts · 5 months

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The Eagle's dance in Solsona, Central Catalonia. Video: landscape_the_world for Turisme Solsona.

In the Catalan tradition, eagles are a majestic animal. They're the most solemn animal out of all the bestiary. Ever since the Middle Ages, Eagle dances have been performed in Catalonia's most noble occasions, for example when a king of Catalonia-Aragon was crowned.

If you follow this blog, you'll have seen how the bestiary (both legendary dragons and beasts and real animals like the eagle, owl, mule, etc., each town or city has their own) are part of traditional Catalan festivities like festa major and corpus. In these holidays, the bestiary are part of the dances that parade on the streets.

Though towns and cities have their own bestiary, not all are allowed to have an Eagle. Only those with the old title of "city" have one. The Eagle always wears a crown on its head and is carried by only one person. Its dance is slower and serious, which makes it stand out from other bestiary figures with more upbeat and cheerful dances.

Many eagles around the country are still used in the festivities, but very few preserve their oldest primordial use: paying homage to those considered worthy of it. Traditionally, the highest homage that a city could pay to a host was sending the Eagle to dance in front of them.

Solsona's Eagle is among the few that still keep this use. The Eagle represents the city authorities and has a strict protocol. It performs its solemn dance 3 times during festa major, on corpus, and also when a high authority visits Solsona and when a new bishop is sworn.

In the video above, you can see the Solsona Eagle performing. It has precise foot movements and ends in a bow.

(A couple of years ago we also posted the dance of Barcelona's Eagle. You can see the post clicking here.)

#tradicions #solsona #catalunya #catalonia #history #medieval #eagle #bestiary #dance #traditional dance #folk dance #folk culture #europe #travel #ethnography #culture #cultures #catalan culture #folklore

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rabbitcruiser · 7 months

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Solsona, Spain (No. 9)

As Solsona grew, the first walls were built in the 11th century , which were replaced in the 14th century by others, of which today there are remains scattered in different locations, such as the three towers in the area of the Valle Caliente (Av. Virgen del Claustro) where you can see that windows and terraces have been opened as an integration of the old wall into residential buildings built throughout the 20th century.. To access the walled enclosure, portals were opened that were closed at dusk with wooden doors and opened at the beginning of the day. Currently three portals are preserved intact, the Llobera portal, the Castle portal and the Bridge portal, the latter with neoclassical ornamentation. The Bridge portal was completed in 1805, and became the main entrance to the city after a twelve-arch stone bridge was built at the end of the 18th century . In the 17th century , during the time of plague, the current Llobera portal was opened so that only those who were natives of Solsona could enter as a protection measure. Above the entrance of said portal , a chapel, which exists today, was built in the 18th century, dedicated toSaint Anne The Castle portal has this name because the first castle of Solsona was located next to said portal. The old feudal lords solemnly entered through this place, previously swearing that they would uphold the privileges and customs of Solsona. Until the 18th century , the castle portal was the main entrance to the city.

Source: Wikipedia

#Solsona #travel #original photography #vacation #tourist attraction #landmark #architecture #cityscape #summer 2021 #Catalonia #Lleida #Northern Spain #Solsonès #España #Southern Europe #Nucli antic #pedestrian zone #exterior #alley

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ernestdescalsartwok · 2 months

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flickr

BASSA-PINTURA-ART-SANTUARI-MIRACLE-SOLSONA-CAPVESPRE-PAISATGES-PINTOR-ERNEST DESCALS por Ernest Descals Por Flickr: BASSA-PINTURA-ART-SANTUARI-MIRACLE-SOLSONA-CAPVESPRE-PAISATGES-PINTOR-ERNEST DESCALS- Atardecer en el SANTUARI DEL MIRACLE en Riner y muy cercano a la ciudad de Solsona, el sol se oculta tras los edificios mientras las sombras ejercen su reinado en la balsa y los árboles. Pintura espiritual que ensalza los tonos grises en ausencia de la luz solar, ambiente de suma tranquilidad que he querido tratar de forma muy poética, la fusión de las manchas nos ofrece un sentimiento de plástica y mística. Cuadros del artista pintor Ernest Descals sobre papel de 50 x 70 centímetros, observación de los elementos del paisaje y las fuerzas de la naturaleza.

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elcorreografico · 2 years

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Garro encabezó el acto por el Día de la Independencia en Gorina

#LaPlata #Institucionales | #JulioGarro encabezó el acto por el #DíadelaIndependencia en #Gorina

En el marco del 206 aniversario de la Independencia y tras la restauración de un emblemático mástil ubicado en Gorina, el intendente de La Plata, Julio Garro, asistió al izamiento de bandera y destacó la importancia de “estar unidos y trabajar juntos por un futuro mejor para el país”. La actividad tuvo lugar esta mañana en la intersección de las calles 139, 485 y Diagonal 6 con la presencia de…

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aliguesdecatalunya · 2 years

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#Repost @guitart57 • • • • • • Festes Decennals de la Mare de Déu de la Candela de 1961 (conegudes també com a Festes de la Llum) a VALLS. Camp de futbol del Vilar on es realitza el final de festa i l'acte protocol·lari de l'estrena de la nova àliga que és veu a la foto. #valls #decennals #decennalsvalls #festesdelallum #solsona #solsonaturisme #gegantsdecatalunya #gegantssolsona #festamajorsolsona #descobrircatalunya #festesmajorsdecatalunya #folklorecatalà #vallsdecennals #solsonaexperience __________________________ #AligaDeValls #AligaVellaDeValls #AligaDeCatalunya #AliguesDeCatalunya #Aliga #Aguila #Aguiles #Aligues #BestiariPopular #FiguresZoomorfiques #ImatgeriaFestiva #CulturaPopular #BestiariFestiu #BallDeLAliga (en Valls) https://www.instagram.com/p/CisMPnUNgg_/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

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