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excalculus · 1 month

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I saw some mentions of rabies going around again and have no clue what's set it off this time, but given recent scientific developments I want to revisit the idea of curing symptomatic rabies.

First things first: there is still no practical way to do this. The famous Milwaukee Protocol fails far more frequently than it succeeds, and even the successes are not making it out in anything like a normal state. It's been argued that it should no longer be considered a valid treatment [1] due to these issues; any continued use is because there's literally nothing else on the table.

However. There are now two separate studies showing it's possible to cure rabies in mice after the onset of symptoms. The lengths you have to go to in order to pull this off are drastic, to put it mildly, and couldn't really be adapted to humans even if you wanted to. But proof of concept is now on the board.

long post under the cut, warnings for animal experimentation and animal death. full bibliography at the end and first mention of each source links to paper.

Quick recap - rabies is a viral disease of mammals usually transmitted through the saliva of an infected animal. From a contaminated bite wound, it propagates slowly for anywhere from days to months until it reaches the central nervous system (CNS). Post-exposure vaccination can head it off during this phase, but once it reaches the CNS and neurological symptoms appear it's game over. There will typically be a prodromal phase where the animal doesn't act right - out at the wrong time of day, disoriented, abnormally friendly, etc. This will then progress to the furious (stereotypical "mad dog" disease) and/or paralytic phases, with death eventually caused by either seizures or paralysis of the muscles needed for breathing.

That's the course we're familiar with in larger animals. Mice, though, are fragile little creatures with fast metabolisms.

In the first study's rabies infection model, lab mice show rabies virus in the spinal cord by day 4 after infection and in the brain by day 5. Weight loss and slower movement start by day 7, paralysis starting from the hind limbs from day 8 on, and if not euthanized first they're dead by day 10-13. [2]

This study (fittingly conducted at the Institut Pasteur) had two human monoclonal antibodies, and wanted to see if there was any possibility they could be used to cure rabies after what we think of as the point of no return.

Injecting the antibodies into muscle saved some mice if done at days 2 or 4, and none if done later, even at high doses of 20 milligrams per kilogram of body weight of each. Conclusion: targeting the virus out in the rest of the body is no use if it's already replicating in the CNS.

Getting a drug past the blood-brain barrier is, to use a highly technical term, really fucking hard. It's the sort of problem that even the best-funded labs and biggest companies in the world routinely fail at. And that's for small molecule drugs, which are puny compared to antibodies.

But this isn't drug development for a clinical trial. This is a very, very early proof-of-concept attempt, which means you're willing to ignore practicality to see if this idea is even remotely workable. So you can do things like brute force the issue by cutting through the skull to implant a microinfusion pump, which lets you deliver the antibodies directly into the normally-protected space around the brain. Combine this with the normal injections, and you can treat both the CNS and the rest of the body at the same time. Here's a survival graph of treated mice. X axis is days, Y axis is percentage of mice in that group still alive.

Figure 2A from reference 2, accessed February 2024

The fact that the blue, green, and purple lines did anything other than sink horribly to zero is unheard of. When the combination treatment was started at day 6, 100% of the mice survived. Started at day 7 (prodromal phase), 5 out of 9 mice recovered and survived. Started at day 8 (solidly symptomatic, paralysis already starting to set in), 5 of 15 mice recovered and survived. And when they say "survived", they kept these mice all the way to day 100 to make sure. Some of them had permanent minor paralysis but largely they were back to being normal mice doing normal mouse things. So, success, but by pretty extreme means.

Enter the second paper [3]. This was a different approach using a single human monoclonal antibody against Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV - closely related to rabies, similar symptoms in humans) to try for a cure without needing to deliver treatments directly into the CNS. They also made a luminescent version of ABLV that let them directly image viral activity, so they could see both where the virus was replicating and how much there was in a live mouse.

Figure 1 from reference 3, accessed February 2024

Mice infected with ABLV start showing symptoms around day 8. You can see in the figure that at day 3 there's viral replication in the foot at the site of infection, which has shifted into the spine and brain by day 10. So what happens if you give one of these doomed mice one single injection of the antibody into the body?

Done at day 3, the virus doesn't make it to the brain until day 14, and while disease does set in after that around 30% of the mice survive. Days 5 and 7 are much more interesting. Those mice still develop symptoms at day 8, but the imaging shows the amount of virus in their spines and brains never gets anywhere near the levels seen in untreated controls, and within days it starts to decrease. Around 80% of day 5 and 100% of day 7 mice survive.

Okay, sure, you can stop another lyssavirus, but technically you did start treatment before symptoms appeared. What about symptomatic rabies?

The rodent-adapted rabies strain CVS-11 starts causing symptoms as early as day 3 after infection, and untreated mice die between days 8 and 11. The same single dose of antibody saved 67% of mice treated on day 5 and 50% of mice treated on day 7. Without making the luminescent version of the virus there's no real-time imaging of the infection, but you can still track symptoms.

Figure 2 from reference 3, accessed February 2024. CVS-11 is the name of the rodent rabies strain and F11 is the name of the antibody.

Disease score is a combination of several metrics including things like whether the mice are behaving normally and whether they show signs of paralysis. In untreated mice it goes up and up, and then they die. If one of those lines starts coming back down and continues past day 10 or so, that's a mouse that recovered. The success rate isn't as good as against ABLV, but again, this is a rabies strain specifically adapted to rodents and treatment wasn't started until it was well-established in the CNS.

So how on earth is this happening? The antibody neutralizes both ABLV and rabies really well in a test tube, but we've already established that there's no way a huge lumbering antibody is making it past the blood-brain barrier without serious help. Something about the immune response is clearly making it in there though. And it turns out that if you start trying this cure in mice missing various parts of their immune systems, mice without CD4+ T cells don't survive even with the treatment. By contrast mice without CD8+ T cells take longer to work through the infection, but they eventually manage it and are immune to reinfection afterwards.

To grossly oversimplify the immune system here, CD4+ are mature helper T cells, which work mostly by activating other immune cells like macrophages (white blood cells) and CD8+ T cells (killer T cells) against a threat.

Normally, T cells are also kept out by the blood-brain barrier, but we know that in certain specific cases including viral infection they can pass it to migrate into the brain. In the brains of the infected mice for which antibody treatment either wasn't given or didn't work, you can find a roughly even mix of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells along with a whole lot of viral RNA. But in the brains of those successfully fighting off the infection, there's less viral RNA and the cells are almost exclusively CD4+. So the antibody doesn't work by neutralizing the virus directly - something about it is activating the animal's own immune system in a way that gives it a fighting chance.

Again, neither of these proof of concept treatments is really workable yet as a real world cure. The first one is almost hilariously overkill and still has a pretty good chance of failure. The second is less invasive but careful sequencing still shows both low-level viral replication and signs of immune response in the brains of the survivors even at day 139, so it may not be truly clearing the virus so much as trading a death sentence for life with a low-level chronic infection. But now we know that 1. curing rabies after symptoms begin is at least theoretically possible, and 2. we have some clues as to mechanisms to investigate further.

Not today. Not tomorrow. But maybe not never, either.

References:

Zeiler, F. A., & Jackson, A. C. (2016). Critical appraisal of the Milwaukee protocol for rabies: this failed approach should be abandoned. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 43(1), 44-51.

de Melo, G. D., Sonthonnax, F., Lepousez, G., Jouvion, G., Minola, A., Zatta, F., ... & Bourhy, H. (2020). A combination of two human monoclonal antibodies cures symptomatic rabies. EMBO molecular medicine, 12(11), e12628.

Mastraccio, K. E., Huaman, C., Coggins, S. A. A., Clouse, C., Rader, M., Yan, L., ... & Schaefer, B. C. (2023). mAb therapy controls CNS‐resident lyssavirus infection via a CD4 T cell‐dependent mechanism. EMBO Molecular Medicine, 15(10), e16394.

#rabies #biology #long post #animal death #medicine #original content

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inamoment · 3 months

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Cats And Dogs Lovers!😺🐈🐕🐶

Here on Tumblr, I see many domestic photos and videos of cats and dogs wearing flea collars. The collar is soaked in pesticide, which is slowly killing your cat or dog. Your pet inhales pesticide 24 hours a day, and because pets have a very strong sense of smell, they don't like them either. Signs and symptoms of flea collar poisoning in cats and dogs include vomiting, drooling, breathing difficulties, weakness, muscle twitching, paralysis, chemical burns, seizures, excessive scratching, and potential death if left untreated. Pesticides are the number one killer of cats and dogs.

Photo: Ruban Alena

Photo: Maria Romanova

#cat lovers #don't kill your pet with pesticide #dog lover

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ufoend · 1 year

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∆ please help us

we can not afford any of our basic needs

i usually try to keep this as light as possible, but i have put this off for long enough that i have to post this. me and my partner desperately need help. we are just two gay people trying to make it alone here with absolutely no support system. *remaking because the first post died

who we are: im j (or jet), im 24 year old trans guy whose had this account since 2014. i married my partner in 2018, we even met on tumblr when we were younger, we've been together for years. my partner is disabled (diagnosed with autism and seizure disorder and others)

what we need: basic needs, help with vet care, dental emergency assistance and general support. our cat had an emergency surgery two years ago that means he needs to be on a prescription diet (hills urinary food) for his entire life. the vet suddenly said we need to bring him in again to get his prescription renewed and we cant order any more food for him until then, which he will not survive without, and he is not allowed to eat any alternative food without risking his life. we have less than half of a 8 lb bag of it which will not last him through the next month. with the vet, food, and ubers to get to the vet and to the only place they sell the food = 200

to try to summarize our situation, we were kicked out by family and made officially homeless for the first time last year. this is right after we moved across states (wa to az) to support my partners family upon their request, only to be subjected to abuse and kicked out directly due to homophobia in an unfamiliar state after a few months. this left both of us and all of our animals entirely homeless. we luckily have an apartment now but our situation isnt stable. we lost all of our belongings at this time, everything we had built, and have not been able to replace them as we have very fixed income. my partner is especially affected by this situation, as it was traumatizing, and they have just had to power through trauma after trauma because of poverty, more than i can say.

i also have severe and painful dental problems that are not covered by medicaid in az and i have no way to afford. this includes wisdom teeth, root canals, and many cavities that will turn into that crazy expensive treatment if i don't fix it. some may remember my post about this (+this) showing the work i need. i cant keep ignoring it, because they are worried about two of the cavities becoming root canals, and i want to prevent another infection, but thats at least 250 each i also lost a cap and need to replace it to save the tooth, but that's at least 600.

we are still not going to be able to afford rent in future months because our EBT was delayed last month and i had to spend money we don't have, and without student loan forgiveness, my partner will not have loans anymore so we are in serious jeopardy even affording rent, let alone bills. our pets (2 cats 1 small dog) also desperately need vaccinations, which is dangerous to keep going this overdue without with their health problems. our dog has also been limping for the past week and he needs to be seen when that is ever possible, at least 65 plus ubers.

any donations would go first to the vet appointment and cat food, then the other needs in order of priority. will keep updating this, i know its a lot and i really don't expect anything as i know it's well over 1000 for it all, i am begging for help with any of this.

we are both students, we are trying to work towards stability, while being stuck here. i do everything i can to bring in money to support us on my own. we make 200 less than rent is monthly. i am in school to become a caseworker so i am aware of a lot of resources in my area, and have applied for everything, but we can not do this alone which is why i have to ask for help. i am so sorry for having to do this but i appreciate any support that i do have because of this website. you guys literally save my life. helping out other poor people and getting helped out on here has been the most compassion ive ever been a part of. dollars, even pennies, worth of donations has kept my cat safe, has affected me in real ways. it actually matters to us, no matter the amount.

thank you anyone who reblogs, donates anything at all, or reaches out

p*ypal email (best): [email protected]

v*nmo: @tobler707

c*shapp: $tobler707

#signal boost #please boost #please reblog #reposting because this died out #im so sorry

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naniguini · 3 months

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Sorry to be bearer of bad news, my aunt's dog past away of a heatstroke yesterday while in a family gathering and I want to share some things that I've learn from the vet and other articles on the internet in case it might help someone. If anyone would like to add or correct some information please do so.

How to prevent a heatstroke in dogs:

Make sure your dog is not on an enclosed or poorly ventilated area.

Don't make them exercise on hot days, if you most do so make sure it's in the earliest hours of the day or at night and take water with you.

Keep them hydrated: make sure they are regularly drinking water especially in days with the highest temperatures.

You can place a moist towel on their backs. Make sure there's no water dripping from it before you do so.

If you feel your dog's body is getting hot (check the ears) you can try to puor room temperature water on their belly. Do not pour cold water or pour the water on their backs. The sudden temperature shift can actually be bad for your dog and pouring the water on their back we'll heat them up more.

Signs of heatstroke

If your dog shows this symptoms take them to the vet inmediatly. Keep in mind this were the symptoms showed by my aunt's dog):

Excessive and loud panting

Increased salivation

Foamy or thick saliva

Difficulty walking

Their tongue turns blue

Red scleras

Vomit and diarrhea*

*not showed by my aunt's dog

On extreme cases, a heatstroke can cause:

Shock ( the dog collapses, can't stand, becomes unresponsive)

Temporary blindness

If you touch or try to hold them they make a move similar to pedaling or swimming. This is means possible seizures.

Seizures.

If you get to this point, your dog will have difficulty breathing, so put them in a lion position with their belly and their paw pads touching the ground.

Also keep their mouth open from time to time so they can get more oxygen.

Once your dog has gotten treatment at a vet, it is likely they will not eat or drink and they'll keep panting for another day. Offer them water and food as time goes, but do not force feed them anything.

Highest risk

Your dog is at a higher risk of a heatstroke if they:

Are very young or very old

Are overweight

Are a flat face breed such as bulldogs or pugs.

Have thick coats

Have pre-existing lung or heart conditions.

I'd really appreciate if you could share this. I'm sorry if any information is wrong, I got it from the vet and some quick reaserch on the internet. Please correct me if that's the case so I can edit this post.

#dog #dogs health #dogs #heatstroke #my posts #pin post

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gayvampyr · 2 years

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“chihuahuas are so vicious” imagine if you were so small that people could pick you up and do whatever they want with you, to you, and they did frequently. imagine if you were picked on all the time because people thought it was funny, treating you like a toy or an object because of your size with no regard for your own autonomy or wellbeing, and you didn’t really have any sort of defense mechanism other than growling and biting. imagine a much larger potential threat (who looks just like many other real threats) approached you and you couldn’t tell if they meant you harm, so you told them to back off and they didn’t listen. you’re instinctually gonna go into defensive survival mode. and because you’re so small, you have to use everything you’ve got. and even though your boundaries have been invaded and you were only acting out of self-preservation, you’re now evil, vicious, and inherently aggressive. that’s not fair, is it?

chihuahuas are not mean to you on purpose. they’re not intentionally malicious. they are small animals who have to be on defense at all times because they’re an easy target and generally get treated horribly by people who do not think they are living creatures deserving of autonomy and respect.

i have a chihuahua whom everyone thinks is mean for no reason, that he just wants to bite you because he’s a bad dog. but this chihuahua has been abused by the vast majority of people who have come in contact with him since birth. people who pick him up and move him in ways he doesn’t like, pushing him, chasing him and watching him try to run on his little legs, making him growl and getting him riled up because “it’s soo funny when a little animal tries to be ferocious.” but now that he’s a bit bigger, it’s not so funny anymore. now it’s a sign of amorality and malice. now he’s just a mean, grumpy dog who hates everyone. and then there’s the added stressor of having epilepsy, and having random assholes mess with him causing him to have seizures, so he has to be extra vigilant. and i have a big dog, a lab, who no one has ever done these things to, because it’s just so commonplace to treat little dogs like shit just because they’re little. it makes me so mad to see the way people try to turn it around and make it seem like my chihuahua is the one in the wrong here when he is a victim of circumstance, as most of them are.

you have to earn chihuahuas’ trust as much as any other animal. bigger dogs typically have the luxury of being trusting (given the right environment) because they not only are generally treated better, but have the size and strength to fight if need be, which is why we as humans don’t approach them out of nowhere let alone try to make them angry for laughs. i mean when you look at how humans react to bears, moose, or really any larger animal you should understand the wariness chihuahuas have of us. i don’t get why people who call themselves animal-lovers are so quick to dismiss and write off small dogs as a whole when 99% of the time, their demeanor is a direct result of past treatment. they just need patience and respect. it’s frankly ludicrous to expect to be automatically given full trust by an animal whom you could very easily wound or even mortally injure. just. use your brain and try to act with compassion, please

#animal abuse #text post #people are so so mean to little dogs and it makes me so mad. they’re just little guys #my dog was super sweet as a puppy too. his happiness was taken from him and now he gets blamed for it? fuck that noise

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thatswhywelovegermany · 1 year

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The 11 most venomous animals you can find in Germany

Ususlly you would think about exotic species when it comes to venomous animals, particularly species from Australia. Others are so common that they spontaneously don't come to our mind, such as bees, wasps, or hornets.

However, there are indeed venomous species that live in Germany, which can cause discomfort to severe pain, and – in rare cases – death.

Ammen-Dornfinger (Yellow Sac Spider), its fangs can penetrate the human skin and inject poison into the tissue. Symptoms are usually not worse than a bee sting, but can also cause nausea, vomiting, and shivers.

Gelbbauchunke (Yellow-Bellied Toad), the mucus contains a poison that is irritating to the skin and particulaly the mucosa and the eyes.

Petermännchen (Weeverfish), likes to bury itself in the ground near sandy beaches so that only the venomous spines stick out, causing a danger to the feet of tourusts. The symptoms include excruciating pain, swelling, redness, heat, neusea, vomiting, joint aches, headache, lightheadedness, increased urination, tremors, and in rare cases abnormal heart rhythm, seizures, gangrene, tissue degeneration, and unconciousness. This fish is considered the most dangerous venomous species that lives in Germany.

Spitzmäuse (Shrews) have venomous teeth. However, they rarely bite humans, and even more rarely have the power topenetrate the skin. They mostly use their venom to kill insects.

Kreuzotter (Common European Viper) are elusive animals, so very few peple have actually seen one. Their venom is three times more poisonous than that of the most dangerous rattlesnake. However, the viper doesn't like to waste its venom, that it also uses for hunting, for defense, and it has a much smaller reservoir. That's why the viper is only dangerous for small children and elderly people. Between 1959 and 2003, no viper-related deaths were recorded, and in 2004, an 81-year-old woman died. Victims often have to be hospitalized, about 10 % of them required ICU treatment. The symptoms include severe swelling, shortness of breath, and heart issues, in rere cases paralysis of the affected limb. On the other hand, numerous cases are known where the victims had no symptoms at all, probably because the viper didn't inject the venom.

Aspisviper (Aspic Viper) occurs only in the southern parts of the Black Forest and is very rare. The venom is similar to that of the common viper. It is expected to expand its territory in the future due to global warming.

Schwarzblauer Ölkäfer (European Oil Beetle) sprays a substance that is severely irritant to eyes and mucosa.

Eichen-Prozessionsspinner (Oak Processionary), hairs of the larvae easily break off and float through the air. They contain a venom that causes symptoms that reach from mild urticaria to severe dermatitis. If inhaled, the hairs can cause bronchitis, painful cough, and asthma.

Feuersalamander (Fire Salamander) has venom on the surface of the skin. In humans, it causes a slightly burning sensation on the skin, but it is absolutely deadly for dogs.

Gelbe Haarqualle / Feuerqualle (Lion's Mane Jellyfish): Touching this jellyfish causes excruciating pain, eczema, fever and breathing trouble.

Wasserspinne (Diving Bell Spider) can penetrate the human skin and inject venom. The effects are usually mild and not worse than a bee sting.

#venomous animals in germany

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iamnot-crazy · 3 months

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The Dance of Steel and Despair

Summary:

While Shachi and Penguin keep watch of Polar Tang a creature startles them. Kairi finally wakes up and Law and her have a heart-to-heart before Law leaves with an offer.

Law x OC

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4

All the Heart Pirates slept soundly aboard their sub, the Polar Tang, except for Shachi and Penguin who stood watch on the deck.

"I'm surprised the Marines haven't shown up yet," Penguin said, his voice raspy from drowsiness, as he took a swig of coffee.

Shachi scanned the desolate island, its only remnant of life a blackened husk of a town. "Makes sense," he replied. "No witnesses, no reports. Not to mention the Bancroft pirates controlled the town, probably just another island the Marines turn a blind eye to."

Penguin's head snapped to a scratching sound, "what was that?" He questioned out loud.

"There is nothing out there unless... Do you think the island is haunted?" Shachi teased, a mischievous glint in his eye.

Penguin scoffed with a laugh. "Don't be ridiculous."

Suddenly, a chilling howl pierced the night, a sound that sent shivers down their spines. The two pirates exchanged panicked glances. "What was that?!" Shachi yelled, grabbing onto Penguin's arm.

Two glowing eyes emerged from the shadows behind the Echo Pirates' ship, followed by a terrifying sight: a fiery grin. Shrieks tore from their throats as they screamed in unison, "The island is haunted!"

A monstrous hound materialized, its body ablaze with an unnatural fire. The spot where the two pirates stood was now vacant, replaced by a cloud of dust as they vanished in a panic, leaving a trail of terror in their wake.

Their terrified screams echoed through the ship, rousing not just the captain, but the entire crew. Law burst out of his quarters, his face etched with annoyance, only to find his two most troublesome crewmates clinging to him, tears streaming down their faces.

"Captain! A ghost!" they sobbed, clinging desperately to their stoic captain.

Law's eyes narrowed. "What are you talking about?" he grumbled.

"A fire beast!" Shachi cried.

"It's the ghost of the island!" Penguin whimpered.

Before Law could respond, the hound's mournful howl resonated through the ship. Swiftly Law grabbed his sword and stormed out onto the deck, the two petrified crewmates trailing behind like scared children.

As they reached the deck, the two hid behind the doorway, peeking out cautiously. Law, however, stood confidently, his gaze fixed on a familiar sight. A gigantic hound, the flames on its back now extinguished, sat patiently on the beach next to the sub.

"It's a Hellhound! He's come to claim the souls of the island!" Shachi cried, gripping Penguin tightly.

Law shook his head in and, ignoring their pleas, jumped from the deck onto the sand. The two pirates screeched in protest, convinced their captain had just doomed himself.

The hound's attention immediately shifted to Law. The flames died down, replaced by a gentle whimper and a lick on his hand. It then turned and trotted towards the Echo Pirates' ship, beckoning Law to follow.

Law followed the hound aboard the ship, a sense of urgency building within him. He found Kairi convulsing in her quarters, foam gathering around her mouth. Reacting swiftly, Law flung his sword aside and rushed to her aid.

30 minutes later:

Law finished administering treatment, finding the source of her seizure and stabilizing her condition. He leaned back against the wall, exhaustion settling in, his eyes fixed on Kairi, watching for any signs of further distress. The hound nuzzled his hand, seeking comfort, its eyes filled with concern for its ailing owner.

Law murmured, "You did well, coming to get me." The hound whined in response, never taking its eyes off the woman. "She'll be fine she should wake soon." Law continued his one-sided conversation with the dog.

Law contemplated leaving to inform his crew and gather more supplies but the hound blocked his path with a demanding bark. "I'll just be a moment, getting some essentials. Can you keep her warm in the meantime?" Law asked, almost feeling stupid for expecting the dog to understand until the hound barked in response, before jumping onto the bed and curling protectively on Kairi's chest.

Outside, the entire Heart Pirates' crew stood on deck, clad in their sleepwear, their faces etched with worry for their captain. Law's face softened slightly as he saw their concern.

"It wasn't a ghost," he announced, addressing their frantic questions. "It was Captain Kairi's Hellhound, Cerberus, informing me of her medical emergency."

A chorus of questions erupted: "She has a Hellhound?" "Is that what burnt down the island?" "Is she okay?" "How does a Hellhound even exist?"

Law ignored the initial questions, heading towards his infirmary to collect supplies. He soon returned to the Echo Pirates' ship, finding Kairi sitting up in bed, stroking the Hellhound, Cerberus.

Kairi's eyes snapped towards him, and with a flick of her wrist, Cerberus transformed into a sword. She jumped to her feet, the weapon pointed threateningly at Law.

His hands automatically raised showing two bags one filled with medical supplies and the other filled with food. "I'm just here to help," he said calmly, making his way to her desk and placing the items down.

Kairi remained wary but kept her eyes on Law as she scanned the room, noticing the various medical supplies scattered around, evidence of his presence over the past week. Slowly, she lowered the sword, allowing Cerberus to shift back into his canine form. He bounded towards Law, tail wagging excitedly at the scent of the meat Law had brought as a present.

Kairi sat back down on the bed pulling her knees to her chest before she mumbled, "Why?"

Law moved towards the IV stand beside her bed. "Because I understand what you're going through," he explained gently as he replaced the empty bag. He then offered her a rice ball.

She took the ballbut scoffed, "Yeah, right," she said sarcastically, rolling her eyes. "You have no idea what I'm going through."

Law shook his head as he sat on the edge of the bed, "You'll be surprised." Kairi's eyes darted across his face and could see the grim truth in his statement.

A flicker of despair crossed her eyes as her voice trembled. "Every single one of them… dead?"

Law nodded grimly, the memory etched deep within him. "I killed them," she whispered, tears welling up in her eyes.

His hand instinctively reached out to touch hers in a gesture of comfort. "No, you didn't. Sometimes, things like this happen. Life can be cruel to people like us."

She looked into his eyes, searching for solace and finding a reflection of her own pain. Tears streamed down her cheeks. "What happened to you?" she asked, her voice barely a whisper.

Law withdrew his hand, his gaze averting briefly. "My island was consumed by a disease the world feared. I'm the only survivor... because of sheer luck," he confessed, a rare moment of vulnerability. "After that, I was consumed by anger, wanting the world to burn. But then I met someone who showed me that life, despite its hardships, is worth living."

Kairi nodded, a flicker of understanding softening her expression. She reached out, hesitantly placing her hand over his. "Thank you," she said, her voice barely above a whisper.

A faint smile touched Law's lips. "We need to leave soon," he said, a hint of concern in his voice. "Our supplies are low. You're welcome to join us if you wish." He handed her another rice ball "I'll be back in the morning to check on you. Think about it."

With that, Law turned to leave the ship, leaving Kairi alone with her thoughts and Cerberus nuzzling her hand.

---

A/N: Wanna read more of my work check out my MasterList

#one piece #one piece x reader #trafalgar d law x reader #trafalgar law #trafalgar d water law #fem!reader #writing #one piece oc #one piece original character #law x reader #law x oc #oc

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seven-oomen · 29 days

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A service dog for Ben

My name is Ben (33 years old) and after 20 years of mental health treatment, I have been discharged from further treatment. For years, I have been struggling with ADHD, Autism, and PTSD. The latter causes me to have multiple dissociations on a daily basis, which are attacks where my body continues on autopilot, and I am not aware of what I am doing. This can lead me to walk into traffic and come face to face with a car. Furthermore, I experience non-epileptic seizures where my legs give way and I fall to the ground. This happens to me in public on the sidewalk, but also along train tracks, in the middle of an intersection, and in other dangerous places. I am also regularly pulled back into flashbacks, old unpleasant memories or emotions. And my nights are filled with nightmares. The happy, creative, adventurous animal friend who enjoys walking, writing, and taking trips with friends has been locked away. Due to my disabilities, I live in isolation and my world has become ever so small.

But there is hope. My dream to reclaim my life as a thirty-something-year-old, expand my social network again, return to work, and spend time with family and friends can come true. How?

Through the help of a psychiatric service dog. I'll dog myself with the guidance and aid of a professional assistance dog school. This is a task I am capable of thanks to my background as a certified veterinary technician with experience in raising assistance dog puppies, and an internship at a police dog training academy.

The dog will alert me in time when an attack is coming, allowing me to go to a safe and quiet place to sit. The dog will be trained to fetch and bring my medication on time, wake me up and provide support during nightmares, lie on top of me to calm me down through pressure on my body, and prevent me from harming myself by licking my hands.

With the dog by my side, I can go out on the street again, visit family and friends, go on outings, do groceries, return to work, and resume living life.

But the training for this dog is costly. It amounts to around 11,000 euros for the training and acquisition of the dog. The health insurance company does not cover this type of assistance dog, and the WMO (Social Support Act) does not provide reimbursement for this process either. Hence, the request if you would like to make a contribution.

Every little bit helps. I greatly appreciate any donations and/or sharing of this donation drive.

For Americans and others that have trouble donating through the platform, I can also receive donations through Paypal or Ko-fi.

#service dogs #crowdfunding #donations #signal boost #gofundme #actually ptsd #assistance dog #please reblog

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bonefall · 11 months

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howdy!! i was wonderin’ if you could list all the cats that are neurodivergent or have a mental disorder, and specifically what conditions? i was also hopin’ if you could expand upon how they present as well, but you don’t have to do all of them! you can pick and choose. or none at all if you’re tired! idm ‘:3

warriors and psychiatry are two of my SIs so i just wanna gobble up all of this information LOL

Sure! Though, I want to preface by saying that I try to make sure I'm very well acquainted with the neurodivergence I plan to add before adding it. I've always had a, "try not to overextend" sort of philosophy, trying to make sure each portrayal is going to be treated well in the narrative before promising it publicly

SO what that means is that this list is incomplete and I plan to add more, as I learn more about how to accurately portray something. Especially important with the more stigmatized disorders on this list-- for example I plan to add NPD once I have a better idea for how to feature it.

C-PTSD

Life in the Clans is VIOLENT. Most, or many, characters are going to end up with symptoms of PTSD, especially the cats who lived through the Plague, TigerClan, the entire Mothermouth Moorland War, and the destruction of the White Hart Woods in particular.

But C-PTSD is something I'm choosing more carefully, if that makes sense, so that it's something I write with 'higher priority' when approaching that particular character.

Birchfall (Human activity and child starvation are his triggers, also visibly unsettled by falling trees)

Brightheart (Dogs and dishonor titles, has recurring nightmares, self-harms through overexertion; refuses to take breaks to punish herself)

Stormfur (Severe trust issues, self-destructs relationships)

Lilyheart (Can't deal with water because she watched a sibling die instead of her)

Harrybrook ("big mood lilyheart")

There will also be some cats in WindClan who aren't able to eat rabbit, because it triggers memories of poison and causes them to wretch. This causes serious issues for them, because rabbit is the majority of the WindClan diet, especially in winter.

Epilepsy

Sorreltail (Absence seizures caused by brain damage from nightshade poisoning)

Shadowsight (Severe clonic-tonic seizures, Tawnypelt brings him to the Tribe to seek a very special treatment for him)

I reaaaaally need to add more here tbh

Autism

Mumblefoot (I know he's not a major character lmao but he was Pinestar's first deputy, and had dyspraxia.)

Yellowfang (It's super prevalent in her entire familial line)

Rowanberry

Stumptail

Brokenstar

Littlecloud

Rowanstar

Leafpool

Honestly I'm so autistic I kinda end up putting a little bit of autism in everyone. I feel like I can detect autism in every one of my little favorites. Spottedleaf, Speckletail, Dustpelt, etc

Borderline Personality Disorder

Cinderheart

Breezepelt

Squirrelflight

Etc/There's one cat who has it and I need to add more

Bumble, Blossom, and Briar have a lot of baggage from their parents' treatment, Bumble and Bloss are glass children.

Alderheart has anxiety

Carpwhisker might also have anxiety, she's really bad at standing up for herself

Poppyfrost is severely avoidant

Sparkpelt and Palebird both had postpartum depression

Dovewing has burnout and gets stressed out when her biofamily is around; not sure how to describe this.

Squirrelflight also has ADHD, this is kind of like Autism because I also have ADHD and it's difficult for me to imagine other 'ways' people think. like what do you MEAN, you have ONE train of thought??

#Neurodivergence #neurodiversity #better bones au

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careforcritters · 9 months

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Vet Med in Warrior Cats: Oncology (Cancer)

Disclaimer

Pebblefur, a Windclan deputy who appears in Code of the Clans, was stated to have died from a “strange, agonizing lump in his belly”. Shellheart, a former Riverclan deputy and father to Crookedstar, was also stated to have a similar painful lump in his abdomen, which caused him to retire and is suspected to be the cause of his death. The medicine cat in Crookedstar’s Promise, Brambleberry, stated that she had seen this condition before and that cats who suffer from it never get better. Ravenpaw has this same condition in Ravenpaw’s Farewell, which leads to his death.

These cats are likely suffering from a form of gastrointestinal cancer, and the most common presentation of GI cancer in cats is small intestinal lymphoma. Signs of intestinal cancer include vomiting, inappetence, diarrhea, and weight loss. While vomiting and diarrhea were not mentioned in the books, Shellheart and Ravenpaw both appear to be suffering from pain and gradual weight loss. Intestinal tumors can also lead to perforation, which would cause death fairly rapidly. Most lymphomas are small cell, which is a low grade lymphoma, and has a slow onset and progression of clinical signs. This is consistent with the three cats in warriors who were seen to have cancer, as Shellheart and Ravenpaw both knew that they were dying as their pain slowly got worse.

In a veterinary clinic or hospital, small intestinal lymphoma would be diagnosed with a combination of histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and PCR for Antigen Receptor Rearrangement. It would be treated with a combination of chlorambucil (a chemotherapy drug) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory). Expected survival time is about two years with treatment. Medicine cats would have no way to know what the cause of the symptoms was, and would have no treatments for it even if they did. The best that they can do is to provide supportive care and try and ease their pain until death.

In the novella Cloudstar’s Journey, Petalfall is described as having periodic seizures and progressive weakness after suffering from an illness. As the prey grows scarce in Skyclan, she eats less and becomes weaker and has more frequent seizures until she passes. It is possible that Petalfall could have had a tumor in her brain since they can cause seizures, but this is never confirmed. Since the seizures were noted to have started after Petalfall fell ill, she is more likely to be suffering from meningitis or encephalitis after the infection spread to her nervous system. This topic will be covered in the neurology section.

Other common cancers in cats that are not seen in warriors include squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth, skin, and nose, fibrosarcomas in skeletal muscles, and mammary tumors in intact females. All of these tumors could be visible in later stages without imaging or surgery, but none of them appear to be mentioned in the series. As stated before, medicine cats don’t have diagnostic or treatment options for any type of cancer. One explanation for this is that the warriors’ lifespans are shorter than most domestic cats and that many characters die of other causes before reaching an advanced age. However, since they live outside, have near constant sun exposure, and none of them are spayed or neutered, I would expect a much higher rate of squamous cell carcinoma (especially in pink skinned cats) and mammary gland tumors.

sources:

Gieger T. Alimentary lymphoma in cats and dogs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2011 Mar;41(2):419-32. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.02.001. PMID: 21486644

Withrow and MacEwen’s Small Animal Clinical Oncology

#warrior cats #veterinary medicine #oncology #Inspired by today's lecture in GI tumors (This counts as studying right?)#vet med in warrior cats #warriors

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historian-in-pearls · 5 months

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Three cheers for my sister for taking such good care of me on my first ECT treatment day! She’s making me food and bringing me things and coaching me on seizure recovery (she has epilepsy so she’s a seasoned pro).

I’m also asking my doctor for a Zofran prescription for treatment days. I was sick as a dog all afternoon until I took some Zofran leftover from a GI procedure last spring and it went away immediately. Good stuff, that.

The first one is apparently the worst one; things will get better!

#ECT #electroconvulsive therapy #my sister is the best sister #december 2023

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deadl · 17 days

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Similarities between the real Elizabeth Báthory and Ferid Báthory and the similarities between Krul Tepes and Vlad Țepeș.

Before we start, we need to firstly read about Vlad Țepeș and Erszebet Bathory.

There is a lot to debunk about Vlad Tepes' story, so I will simply put the necessary stuff about his story.

Elizabeth Bathory:

To put it in simple words, she was a noble hungarian woman who tortured over 500 young girls.

«Báthory and four of her servants were accused of torturing and killing hundreds of girls and women from 1590 to 1610. Her servants were put on trial and convicted whereas Báthory was imprisoned within the Castle of Csejte (Čachtice), where she died under mysterious circumstances.»

The 'mysterious' circumstances weren't actually mysterious though. Elizabeth herself was not put on trial, because of her family’s standing, but she was shut up in Csetje Castle, held in solitary confinement in a room whose windows were walled up. She was 54 when she died there in 1614.

Born in 1560, she was endowed with looks, wealth, an excellent education and a stellar social position as one of the Bathory family, who ruled Transylvania as a virtually independent principality within the kingdom of Hungary.

When she was 11 or 12 Elizabeth was betrothed to Ferenc Nádasdy of another aristocratic Hungarian family, but a year or two later she had a baby by a lower-order lover. (This was just a rumor though, it was very possibly not true) Nádasdy was reported to have had him castrated and then torn to pieces by dogs. The child, a daughter, was quietly hidden from view, being sent somewhere in Wallachia (Romania) and Elizabeth and Nádasdy were married in 1575 when she was 14. Ferenc was an ambitious soldier and was often away. Elizabeth ran the estates, took various lovers and bore her husband four children. She was 43 when he died in 1604.

Word was beginning to spread about her sadistic activities. It was said that she enjoyed torturing and killing young girls. At first they were servants at her castles, daughters of the local peasants, but later they included girls sent to her by local gentry families to learn good manners. She believed that drinking the blood of young girls would preserve her youthfulness and her looks. Witnesses told of her stabbing victims or biting their breasts, hands, faces and arms, cutting them with scissors, sticking needles into their lips or burning them with red-hot irons, coins or keys. Some were beaten to death and some were starved. The story that Elizabeth used to bathe in their blood seems to have been added later on.

A Lutheran minister went to the Hungarian authorities, who eventually began an investigation in 1610. In December of that year Elizabeth was arrested and so were four of her favourite servants and intimates, who were accused of being her accomplices. They were tried and found guilty. Three of them were executed and the fourth was sentenced to life imprisonment.

Throughout these centuries, her story fascinated a lot of people which also made a lot of people create myths about her. Recent sources claim that the accusations were a spectacle to destroy her family's influence in the region —which was considered a threat to the political interests of her neighbours, including the Habsburg empire — which could surely be true. Back then, a woman without a husband, especially a noble one, was considered very suspicious and off-putting by others. Because she was also wealthy and powerful, many people have probably thought that she was weak and vulnerable without a husband, so they wanted to steal her power.

As a child, Báthory had multiple seizures that may have been caused by epilepsy. At the time, symptoms relating to epilepsy were diagnosed as falling sickness and treatments included rubbing blood of a non-sufferer on the lips of an epileptic or giving the epileptic a mix of a non-sufferer's blood and piece of skull as their episode ended. (This may have also been just a rumor)

Báthory is said to have begun killing daughters of the lesser gentry, who were sent to her by their parents to learn courtly etiquette. The use of needles was also mentioned by the collaborators in court.

‼️ spoiler alerts for the light novel

First, I specifically wanted to talk about these last words about the use of needles. In the light novel, Ferid allegedly killed one of the prostitutes with a needle. Back then, Crowley witnessed him near all those dead prostitutes and clueless Crowley, who didn't know that Ferid was actually the killer, believed Ferid for a long time when he 'found' a needle in one of the prostitute's neck, which was their starting lead to solve the 'mystery'. Crowley also tried to kill Ferid with the same needle.

Ferid is also known for his preference in drinking the blood of young beautiful boys and girls, then those young people that he drinks from, seem to vanish without a trace after a while. (he kills them, but torture has never been mentioned)

There have always been many rumors about Elizabeth Bathory, which were only meant to be harmful to her image, portraying her as a cruel and merciless woman. Same as Ferid, even the fandom creates many odd lies about him, (but let's not discuss this now) and many people in ons view him exactly like this, also due to simply 'silly' rumors.

There were also rumors saying about Elizabeth that from a very young age she was prone to seeing horrible and bloody things because of her family. This can actually be true, which probably influenced Elizabeth a lot considering her later sociopathic tendencies and considering that Hungarians were very creative with torture methods back then.

Same as Ferid, Elizabeth was considered an abnormal child due to her epilepsy.

Vlad Țepeș:

WAIT BEFORE I START THIS I JUST DISCOVERED THAT HE WAS FIRST MARRIED TO SOMEONE FROM THE BATHORY LINE FROM TRANSYLVANIA WHATTT

Vlad was the second son of Vlad II Dracul. When he was 11 years old, Vlad was sent to the court of the Ottoman sultan Murad II as a hostage. His father and elder brother were assassinated when he was 16, and Vlad spent the rest of his life fighting to claim his father's title.

«That being said, Vlad loved his elder brother Mircea. He admired him. Vlad and Mircea grew up together, share the same biological parents, and are close in age. Vlad and Mircea also had the same tutor; an old boyar in his 70s. So they received the same education and were educated together.

That is the most difficult part in all this.

Vlad had such a close relationship with his elder brother. When he was “sentenced” to go to The Ottoman Empire, that relationship was ruined and gone. They never spoke or saw each other ever again.»

«Sultan Murad specifically asked for Mircea to be sent to the Ottomans—not Vlad. The Old Dracul loved Mircea the most, however, which is why he had to send both Vlad and Radu. (Two heirs equal a first born)

It is clear that Vlad’s father saw his children as nothing more than pawns in his political game. The even sadder bit is, it’s true. They were just pawns, that's the whole reason they were born.

Those are two big components of Dracula’s childhood. Vlad never saw his beloved elder brother again after he left for the Ottoman Empire, but he also had a difficult and confusing relationship with a father who really did not care for him in the slightest.»

All of these events "coincidentally", like everything else, fed into Vlad’s core frustration and sense of lack of control. Which he would later overcompensate for by killing/impaling.

The Ottoman Empire

I’ll be short and sweet here.

Vlad Dracula had to leave a homeland behind, his own language, his family home, his elder brother (who he adored and who was probably his only real friend) to go to a country that was completely foreign to him in both language and religion.

A place that he had been taught to hate from birth. A place that took “butchery and murder” to new heights, where piles of tongues and male genitalia were piled up at the sultans palace after a successful military operation.

Let’s not forget, it was a place where the sexual assault and molestation of young boys was socially acceptable and condoned behavior.

The Ottoman Empire was not kind to Vlad Dracula. He had frequent episodes of fits. There were multiple occasions when he was locked up in a jail cell by The Turks because of his behavior. A kid. Locked up. In a jail cell. For throwing a fit.

How do you think he would have felt in those moments? Was he a “troublemaker” or was he just scared, alone, confused, and unloved? Was he just experiencing emotions he did not understand, taking them out on those around him instead?

What was Vlad the Impaler's childhood like? Could something have made him so inclined to impale people?

The childhood of Vlad Dracula was complex, horrific, and sad. So much, in fact, that I've decided to split this answer into sections. Let's begin with

The Easy

The little boy who would later become known as “Dracula” was born in the winter of 1431 (between mid-November and late December) in a house that still stands today. Located in a medieval city called Sighișoara, in Romania. In Vlad’s time, however, it would have been referred to using its German name: Schassburg.

The culture of Schassburg was predominately German-Saxon with little influence from Romanians or the Romanian language. Keeping in mind, German-Saxons had their own municipal structure, their own laws, and their own military. Being born in such a place was much like being born in a foreign country. He was not born in Romania—he was born in de facto Germany.

This influenced the societal rules and norms he would have learned, which weren’t anything like the Romanians. German Saxons has a great sense of duty to one another. They formed “neighborhoods” before they were a thing. They also had an extremely low rate of corruption and crime. Plus, the city was fortified with watch towers and thick walls all around.

Compared to Wallachia, Schassburg was a veritable paradise. It was moderately wealthy and super safe.

Vlad was born into a two-parent household. His father, Vlad Dracul, and his elder brother, Mircea, accompanied his mother; making them a family of four (minus the servants and courtiers).

The “Old Dracul” as I have dubbed their father had a stable job at the time. He provided his family with a nice house and made good money (literally, he minted his own coin). He was also in good favor with both “The Old Governor” Janos Hunyadi and The Holy Roman Emperor.

This was by far the best time of Dracula’s life and the most stable.

The Mother

Let’s start with the bad news; we don’t know who Vlad's mother was. Even worse, she died/disappeared mysteriously from his life when he was about 7 years old.

Which was a big deal.

Traditionally, Romanian boys were raised exclusively by their mothers for the first decade of their lives. They would live, eat, bathe, all in the same area of the house where the women were until a certain age. According to Dacian custom, Vlad lost his mother—whom he presumably loved—much too early on in life.

When his mother died, the “old Dracul” moved them from Transylvania all the way to Târgoviște in Wallachia (as he had become Prince).

Târgoviște was a very different kind of place. Not fortified, the city was run down (unless you were a wealthy boyar who could afford to build a Byzantine style compound). Corruption with rampant crime and scheming boyars all around also made it a pretty mid place to live.

Not to mention, not very many Germans or people forming a cohesive “community”. More like, highly cynical people scheming against one another. This change of scenery would have been traumatic for Dracula.

On top of that, since Dracula didn’t have a mother anymore, he was prematurely thrust into the “world of men” and warfare. Being expected to fend for himself, basically.

Dracula spent the major part of his adolescence in Wallachia, in conditions very different from those of his childhood. His father’s ascent to the throne coincided with Vlad’s transition from childhood (puer), to the next stage of life (adulescens), where a young man leaves the society of women and enters that of men. For Vlad, this change came about at the moment his mother disappeared, which might have inflicted psychological trauma.—Matei Cazacu, Dracula, 2017.

Throughout his career, Dracula often punished women, especially women who found themselves mothers during the time of his reign. Even the author of my source, Matei Cazacu, agrees that Dracula seemed to have a morbid fascination that could be better understood as a vendetta toward young mothers and young women.

Out of all the “innocent” people Dracula killed (aka for non-political reasons) they were almost always young families, and mothers with small children/babies.

Dracula so resented the death/dissapearance of his mother, that it motivated him to kill women/mothers by impaling them.

The Difficult

After the death of his mother, Vlad, indisputably, was more alone in the world than ever.

His elder brother Mircea was already entering a more mature phase of his life. Meaning his brother was out doing “man” things which in that time included learning how to ride a horse, learning about warfare, physical training, etc. In Medieval Dacia, you were considered a man at 16, so Mircea was close.

Not to mention, the Old Dracul had remarried, and now Vlad had two new siblings at home. A boy, Radu (who would become Radu cel Frumos) and Alexandra.

Now, considering Radu was about 9–10 years younger than Vlad, we can safely say they were not very close. There wasn’t much of an emotional connection there. They hardly knew each other.

Radu would have been kept in a separate part of the estate with his mother and her courtiers—far away from Vlad. While the two elder boys would have been kept in another portion of the home. “Under the care” of their father, which is tragic, considering he was away almost all the time.

That being said, Vlad loved his elder brother Mircea. He admired him. Vlad and Mircea grew up together, share the same biological parents, and are close in age. Vlad and Mircea also had the same tutor; an old boyar in his 70s. So they received the same education and were educated together.

That is the most difficult part in all this.

On top of this, Vlad felt slighted by his own father.

Sultan Murad specifically asked for Mircea to be sent to the Ottomans—not Vlad. The Old Dracul loved Mircea the most, however, which is why he had to send both Vlad and Radu. (Two heirs equal a first born)

It is clear that Vlad’s father saw his children as nothing more than pawns in his political game. The even sadder bit is, it’s true. They were just pawns, that's the whole reason they were born.

This coincidentally, like everything else, fed into Vlad’s core frustration and sense of lack of control. Which he would later overcompensate for by killing/impaling.

The Ottoman Empire

I’ll be short and sweet here.

Let’s not forget, it was a place where the sexual assault and molestation of young boys was socially acceptable and condoned behavior.

Nothing else to say; this period speaks for itself. Not to mention—there is a genuine possibility that he was molested/sodomized, as well, which might explain why impalement was his preferred “method”

The Brother

We should not understate how much Vlad liked his elder brother and how devastated he was when his brother was assasinated (by being buried alive and blinded with hot pokers).

When Vlad returned to Wallachia, he asked the locals where his brother had been buried. Once he found the place, he borrowed a shovel and began digging and scraping the dirt until he found his brothers corpse — barely decayed considering it was winter and Vlad got to it within a month.

The story goes that the corpse was face down. That combined with the scratch marks on the inside of the coffin left no question as to how he died. Vlad burst into anger and tears. HIs brother had died a horrible death and he had been powerless to stop it.

Again, a lack of control in stopping somebody he loved from dying.

After reading all of these, normally everyone would realize how similar Vlad Țepeș is to Krul, if you know her backstory too. But, let's compare their stories by telling both of them.

«Krul was born into a family of nobility, where she spent her childhood years in joy and pure bliss alongside her mother and brother, Ashera. She believed that one must be thankful for all that they have in the world such as food. One day Krul runs to Ashera to request he join her and their mother for lunch, as she did not want to eat alone. Where Ashera instead was fascinated by the sun, she listened to him discuss it. Stating that their mother told her looking at the sun would burn their eyes, after a little more bickering, Krul heads back home with him for lunch.

Returning home, Krul finds their house on fire and raided by the angry townspeople. Warned by her mother to run, Krul witnesses her speared in the stomach before she can finish her sentence. After the rebels scream that they will kill the children of the nobility, Krul and Ashera are captured then separated, where their fate is to be sold into slavery.

During the Dark Ages in Greece, Krul is wondered about by Ashera on whether she is dead by now as he lies in a prison. She is then envisioned by him when Ashera sees a girl resembling her as he follows Sika Madu. Krul along with her mother is then remembered walking through a field with Ashera, and that for the large part she was happy. She is a part of Ashera's thoughts as he is taken into the sky, thinking that he and Krul really did die that day so long ago.

It transpires that like her brother, Krul was sold into slavery. News of who Krul was sold to was known to a slave trader, and her location was passed to Ashera. A lady of an estate was buying children for their blood, and Krul was brought to her residence that was guarded by armed men.Other girls were bound, and so was Krul to the ceiling. Having had thin swords of various lengths stabbed through her, Krul is barely able to make a sound.[...]

Many years later, Krul would futility beg Sika Madu to not take Ashera away.

“ No!! Please!! Don't take my brother away from me!! ”

–Pleading with the First progenitor in a flashback of 1,000 years prior. "Progenitor's Memory"»

We can clearly see the deep relationship that Krul had with her older brother and how much they adored each other. Both Vlad and Krul were 'blessed' by fate to be born into a noble family, only to end up in the end with no family and as a slave in a foreign place from such a young age. They both lost their brothers and lacked control in their childhood. This lack of control in Krul's childhood made her more aggressive even as a vampire, when supposedly vampires can't even feel anything else other than blood lust. Krul is seen even enjoying having Mika under her control, since he could only drink her blood. Whenever she feels like someone is trying to take control of her, she immediately reacts and gets angry. For example, when Ferid brings Mika with him to attend a high progenitors meeting and threaten Krul as a 'joke' that he will tell the other progenitors about her involvement in the Seraph of the end project. She reacts negatively, immediately showing her anger. Just as Vlad Țepeș, in every situation, as a grown up, when he felt like he was lied to and someone tried to take control over him, he immediately resumed to violence and death.

«Multiple sources (including Laonikos Chalkokondyles's chronicle) recorded that hundreds or thousands of people were executed at Vlad's order at the beginning of his reign. He began a purge against the boyars who had participated in the murder of his father and elder brother or whom he suspected of plotting against him.»

There are a lot of more things which could explain more about Vlad's story, but his story is very long unlike the story of Elizabeth Báthory. Her story isn't known so well, not including many details of her life and her story actually contains more myths than actual facts. Vlad Țepeș is truly an interesting historical figure, his story is way longer than the one that I wrote here. If you want to read more about him, I really recommend it, especially because Bram Stoker's book "Dracula" was inspired by him. Though, I want to mention that Krul is not romanian like Vlad, even though many people spread misinformation about her based on her name. She's greek, there's no doubt about that. Țepeș was also just a nickname that Vlad has earned throughout his life, because he impaled those people. In romanian, 'țeapă' means 'impale.' Vlad Țepeș is simply the translated version of his nickname 'Vlad The Impaler' in romanian. His real name was Vlad Drăculea/Dracula. I also find it odd that Krul's name is Țepeș which is a romanian 'surname' with the meaning of impale, even though she's greek.

I know that this part of Vlad Țepeș was very long, but I wanted to specifically write the similarities between Vlad and Krul because many people overlook this. Unlike Krul, some people recognize the similarities between Ferid and Elizabeth. I guess that people just don't know Vlad's story, or at least not the complete story. It's truly interesting to see Kagami's inspirations for Owari no Seraph.

#owari no seraph #seraph of the end #ferid bathory #krul tepes #ons #sote

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ufoend · 2 years

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∆ please help us

we can not afford any of our basic needs

what we need: our cat had an emergency surgery two years ago that means he needs to be on a prescription diet (hills urinary food) for his entire life. the vet suddenly said we need to bring him in again to get his prescription renewed and we cant order any more food for him until then, which he will not survive without, and he is not allowed to eat any alternative food without risking his life. we have less than half of a 8 lb bag of it which will not last him through the next month. with the vet, food, and ubers to get to the vet and to the only place they sell the food = 200

to try to summarize our situation, we were kicked out by family and made officially homeless for the first time last year. this is right after we moved across states (wa to az) to support my partners family upon their request, only to be subjected to abuse and kicked out directly due to homophobia in an unfamiliar state after a few months. this left both of us and all of our animals entirely homeless. we luckily have an apartment now but our situation is still not okay. we lost all of our belongings at this time, everything, and have not been able to replace them as we have fixed income. my partner is especially affected by this situation, as it was traumatizing, and they have just had to power through trauma after trauma because of poverty, more than i can say.

i also have severe dental problems that are not covered by medicaid in az and i have no way to afford. this includes wisdom teeth, root canals, and many cavities that will turn into that crazy expensive treatment if i don't fix it. some may remember this (+this). i was only able to have a little bit of work done before we were homeless and one root canal failed. i cant keep ignoring it, because they are worried about two of the cavities becoming root canals, and i want to prevent another infection, but thats at least 250 each.

we are still not going to be able to afford rent in future months because our EBT was delayed last month and i had to spend money we don't have to afford anything, and now we are in serious jeopardy even affording rent, let alone bills. our pets (2 cats 1 small dog) also desperately need vaccinations, which is dangerous to keep going this overdue without with their health problems. our dog has also been limping for the past week and he needs to be seen when that is ever possible.

thank you anyone who reblogs, donates anything, or reaches out.

p*ypal email (best): [email protected]

v*nmo: @tobler707

c*shapp: $tobler707

#date: 11/3/22 #signal boost #please reblog #please help #please read #please boost #i may have to make a tldr of this and just link to it since there is no way i can explain all of this in any shorter way #so hard to make this shit #i hate having to beg for my life forever #so sorry to my mutuals #thank you if you always boost me #cats #dogs #vet care #vet costs

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clovercoin · 29 days

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CloverCoin Artpack 2024 March + Updates

[PATREON POST + ART PACK] Hey everyone... I see March is rounding the corner to being over and I realized I never actually make an official patreon post yet. A lot has been happening on our end / IRL. We recently found our we might need to move this summer... But thanks to a lot of back and forth between us and the new landlord we got a lease extension for 1 year to prepare our savings and safely move out to another place in town or around this town we are currently living in. After a lot of discussion between my husband and I, we're really struggling to find rental single family homes that fit our disability needs AND budget. Rent bubble in our area is about 70% more than our current rent which... is mind blowing. But we are determined! With further discussion we think we agree, we'd like to buy a house to make sure our needs are met and that we can take care of our senior dogs without having our lives uprooted without notice. So our belts are going to be really tight over the next year while we try to scrimp and save every penny to go towards our goal to purchase a house next year. That is scary but also so exciting! Wish us luck, we're going to need every lick of it to pull this off. ~~~ Other worse news... The reason why I've been struggling these past few weeks. My family has been reaching out to me and it's official. My mother has a terminal cancer diagnosis. I do not live near her, so I would like to budget a trip out to see her at some point this summer. We don't have any real time lines yet until we see how to reacts to chemo treatment. She's just started that this month. So that's been a weird tangle of emotions and talking with my siblings about what we expect out of all this. How we each can help in what ways we can. One of my older sisters is taking control of talking with the doctors and updating us since my mother is extremely avoidant about talking about her illnesses. At this time I won't be taking any time off from working and doing adopts/commissions. We need the money more than ever, even just to go fly or drive up to see her. But I will update on patreon/discord when I'm taking a week or so off to visit her. ~~~ More middling news? Our two senior dogs, Ollie and Junior, have been having little health scares this year. Feels like 2024 just started and so much has happened! Ollie has been diagnosed with a heart murmur and is on medication now to help treat it. Diet and life style changes as well to help him stay fit. Junior may have had a small seizure or stroke, for 2 days he was not able to stand or walk which really scared us. Both have been to the vet multiple times this year and are being watched VERY closely. I just hope nothing happens to them before we find them a new house to live in. (knocks on wood) ~~~ I myself am having some medical issues but... Just with everything going on I just haven't had time to assign myself with a new clinic and new gp. My new health insurance won't let me see the old one anymore and it's EXTREMELY disruptive to my whole life. So there's a chance my body might get a flat tire in the future, but I'll try to manage it accordingly. To end it all on a good note, I did finally finish my very last tooth filling / replacement and after a year and a half of constant dentist visits, my mouth is all fixed! Hooray!!!! Now we just have to tackle my jaw and TMJ problems haha. ~~~ I think... that's the big items of what's going on. Why I've been really absent online and for updates. Life just kinda had a weird downpour on us, but we're sorting it out. We signed a new lease. Prov is working very hard at his new job. The future is really scary for me right now and I'm really struggling. Please be patient with me while we go through these big life changes at this time. I'll be opening up new commission slots soon to start a monthly income to help with house savings. If anyone has pending commissions with me or trades, please never hesitate to DM me/poke me for updates. I've been a lot more disorganized more than usual lately and I am happy to give any updates or refunds as needed should anything come up that I can't handle. Sorry bout the long read everyone, but thank you so much for skimming through and keeping up with what's going on in my life. I've been desperately missing art more and more every day I spend away from it, so I look forward to sharing even more art with you all! Thank yo everyone for all your support! AJD . ART

#CloverCoin #patreon #patron #update #updates #artpack #artpacks

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puppyexpressions · 4 months

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First-Year Puppy Vaccinations

When you bring that fuzzy ball of puppy energy into your home, you know right away that your new puppy depends on you for, well, everything. It’s up to you to give your new puppy all the care they need every day. It can be a little intimidating — your puppy needs the best puppy food, plenty of attention, puppy training, puppy-safe toys, puppy socialization, a comfortable place to sleep, and proper veterinary care. And that includes making sure to schedule puppy shots throughout your puppy’s first year.

Which Shots Do Puppies Need?

Going to the vet over several months for a series of puppy vaccinations—and then for boosters or titers throughout your dog’s life—may seem inconvenient, but the diseases that vaccinations will shield our puppies and dogs from are dangerous, potentially deadly, and, thankfully, mostly preventable.

We read about so many different dog vaccinations, for so many different illnesses, that it can sometimes be confusing to know which vaccinations puppies need and which puppy shots are important but optional. Here is an overview of the diseases that puppy vaccinations will help your pet avoid.

Bordetella Bronchiseptica

This highly infectious bacterium causes severe fits of coughing, whooping, vomiting, and, in rare cases, seizures and death. It is the primary cause of kennel cough. There are injectable and nasal spray vaccines available.

If you plan on boarding your puppy in the future, attending group training classes, or using dog daycare services, often proof of this vaccination will usually be required.

Canine Distemper

A severe and contagious disease caused by a virus that attacks the respiratory, gastrointestinal (GI), and nervous systems of dogs, raccoons, skunks, and other animals, distemper spreads through airborne exposure (through sneezing or coughing) from an infected animal. The virus can also be transmitted by shared food and water bowls and equipment. It causes discharges from the eyes and nose, fever, coughing, vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, twitching, paralysis, and, often, death. This disease used to be known as “hard pad” because it causes the footpad to thicken and harden.

There is no cure for distemper. Treatment consists of supportive care and efforts to prevent secondary infections, control symptoms of vomiting, seizures and more. If the animal survives the symptoms, it is hoped that the dog’s immune system will have a chance to fight it off. Infected dogs can shed the virus for months.

Canine Hepatitis

Infectious canine hepatitis is a highly contagious viral infection that affects the liver, kidneys, spleen, lungs, and the eyes of the affected dog. This disease of the liver is caused by a virus that is unrelated to the human form of hepatitis. Symptoms range from a slight fever and congestion of the mucous membranes to vomiting, jaundice, stomach enlargement, and pain around the liver. Many dogs can overcome the mild form of the disease, but the severe form can kill. There is no cure, but doctors can treat the symptoms.

Canine Parainfluenza

This is one of several viruses that can contribute to kennel cough.

Coronavirus

The canine coronavirus is not the same virus that causes COVID-19 in people. COVID-19 is not thought to be a health threat to dogs, and there is no evidence it makes dogs sick. Canine coronavirus usually affects dogs’ gastrointestinal systems, though it can also cause respiratory infections. Signs include most GI symptoms, including loss of appetite, vomiting, and diarrhea. Doctors can keep a dog hydrated, warm, and comfortable, and help alleviate nausea, but no drug kills coronaviruses.

Heartworm

When your puppy is around 12-to-16 weeks, talk to your vet about starting a heartworm preventive medication. Though there is no vaccine for heartworm in dogs, it is preventable with regularly administered heartworm medication that your veterinarian will prescribe.

The name is descriptive — these worms lodge in the right side of the heart and the pulmonary arteries (that send blood to the lungs), though they can travel through the rest of the body and sometimes invade the liver and kidneys. The worms can grow to 14 inches long and, if clumped together, block and injure organs.

A new heartworm infection often causes no symptoms, though dogs in later stages of the disease may cough, become lethargic, lose their appetite or have difficulty breathing. Infected dogs may tire after mild exercise. Unlike most of the conditions listed here, which are passed by urine, feces, and other body fluids, heartworms are transmitted by mosquitoes. Therefore, diagnosis is made via a blood test and not a fecal exam.

Kennel Cough

Also known as infectious tracheobronchitis, kennel cough results from inflammation of the upper airways. It can be caused by bacterial, viral, or other infections, such as Bordetella and canine parainfluenza, and often involves multiple infections simultaneously. Usually, the disease is mild, causing bouts of harsh, dry coughing; sometimes it’s severe enough to spur retching and gagging, along with a loss of appetite. In rare cases, it can be deadly. It is easily spread between dogs kept close together, which is why it passes quickly through kennels. Antibiotics are usually not necessary, except in severe, chronic cases. Your vet may prescribe a dog-safe cough suppressant to help your dog (and you) get some rest, and some dog-safe throat soothers can help make a dog more comfortable.

Leptospirosis

Unlike most diseases on this list, Leptospirosis is caused by bacteria, and some dogs may show no symptoms at all. Leptospirosis can be found worldwide in soil and water. It is a zoonotic disease, meaning that it can be spread from animals to people. When symptoms do appear, they can include fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite, severe weakness and lethargy, stiffness, jaundice, muscle pain, infertility, kidney failure (with or without liver failure). Antibiotics are effective, and the sooner they are given, the better.

Lyme Disease

Unlike the famous “bull’s-eye” rash that people exposed to Lyme disease often spot, no such telltale symptom occurs in dogs. Lyme disease (or borreliosis) is an infectious, tick-borne disease caused by a type of bacteria called a spirochete. Transmitted via ticks, an infected dog often starts limping, his lymph nodes swell, his temperature rises, and he stops eating. The disease can affect his heart, kidney, and joints, among other things, or lead to neurological disorders if left untreated. If diagnosed quickly, a course of antibiotics is extremely helpful, though relapses can occur months or even years later.

Talk to your vet about when your puppy will be old enough for tick preventatives. Once your puppy is old enough, keep your dog on tick preventative medication, topicals, or wearables to help stop ticks from biting in the first place.

Parvovirus

Parvo is a highly contagious virus that affects all dogs, but unvaccinated dogs and puppies less than four months of age are at the most risk to contract it. The virus attacks the gastrointestinal system and creates a loss of appetite, vomiting, fever, and often severe, bloody diarrhea. Extreme dehydration can come on rapidly and kill a dog within 48-to-72 hours, so prompt veterinary attention is crucial. There is no cure, so keeping the dog hydrated and controlling the secondary symptoms can keep him going until his immune system beats the illness.

Rabies

Rabies is a viral disease of mammals that invades the central nervous system, causing headache, anxiety, hallucinations, excessive drooling, fear of water, paralysis, and death. It is most often transmitted through the bite of a rabid animal. Treatment within hours of infection is essential, otherwise, death is highly likely. Most states require regular rabies vaccinations. Check with your vet about rabies vaccination laws and requirements in your area.

Talk with your veterinarian about more information and guidance on necessary and optional vaccinations.

Puppy Vaccination Schedule

The first thing to know is that there is not just one puppy vaccination schedule for all dogs. Factors such as which part of the country you live in, and your dog’s individual risk factors will come into play. Some dogs do not need every vaccine. This decision is between you and your veterinarian. Always discuss puppy vaccinations at your regularly scheduled appointments.

That said, here is a generally accepted guideline of the puppy vaccination schedule for the first year.

How Much Do Puppy Vaccinations Cost?

How much puppy vaccinations will cost depends on several factors. Where you live is a big one: Veterinarians in crowded and expensive urban areas will generally charge more than a rural vet in a small town. You may be able to find low-cost clinics providing rabies vaccinations sponsored by your local municipal government. But no matter what the range in costs, some vaccines, such as the “core vaccines” and rabies, are necessary.

The average cost can average around $75—100. These will include the core vaccines, which are administered in a series of three: at 6-, 12-, and 16 weeks old.

The core vaccines include the DHLPP (distemper, hepatitis, leptospirosis, parvo, and parainfluenza). Your pup will also need a rabies vaccination, which is usually around $15—20. (Some clinics include the cost of the rabies vaccination.)

Often animal shelters charge less for vaccines — approximately $20 — or are even free. If you acquired your dog from a shelter, he would most likely have been vaccinated, up until the age when you got him.

The initial puppy vaccination costs during the first year are higher than during adulthood.

Vaccinations for Adult Dogs: Boosters and Titers

There is a difference of opinion about having your adult dog vaccinated every year. Some vets believe too many vaccinations in adult dogs pose health risks. But others disagree, saying that yearly vaccinations will prevent dangerous diseases such as distemper. Talk with your vet to determine what kind of vaccination protocol works for you and your dog.

Many dog owners opt for titer tests before they administer annual vaccinations. Titer tests measure a dog’s immunity levels, and this can determine which, if any, vaccinations are necessary. One key exception to this is rabies: a titer test is not an option when it comes to the rabies vaccine. This vaccination is required by law across the United States. Your vet can tell you the schedule for your particular state, with boosters often lasting three years.

And it’s all worth it. For your effort and care your puppy will lavish you with lifelong love in return. This critical first year of her life is a fun and exciting time for both of you. As she grows physically, the wonderful bond between you will grow, too.

#puppy vacinations #puppy vaccines #puppy shots #puppy shots schedule #dog vaccinations #dog health #puppy health

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