#connacht history

[gwydpolls]

Time Travel Question : Medievalish 2

These Questions are the result of suggestions from the previous iteration.

This category may include suggestions made too late to fall into the correct earlier time grouping. Basically, I'd already moved on to human history, but I'd periodically get a pre-homin suggestion, hence the occasional random item waaay out of it's time period, rather than reopen the category.

In some cases a culture lasted a really long time and I grouped them by whether it was likely the later or earlier grouping made the most sense with the information I had. (Invention ofs tend to fall in an earlier grouping if it's still open. Ones that imply height of or just before something tend to get grouped later, but not always. Sometimes I'll split two different things from the same culture into different polls because they involve separate research goals or the like).

Please add new suggestions below if you have them for future consideration. All cultures and time periods welcome.

#Time Travel #Taino #Indigenous History #Tenochtitlan #Irish History #Connacht #Aztecs #Tikal #Maya #Caribbean History #Cuba History #Chimor #History of Textiles #History of the Americas #Rus #History of Religion #Komi #Toltecs #Iberian Peninsula #Bavaria

[mariemariemaria]

Found out about this recently and it's driving me insane lmao

#as if i didnt have enough reasons to dislike this woman #was questioning it too cause we just have to take his word for it that she said this he might just be trying to make her look bad #but this came out in 2001. she was still alive and couldve denied it if it wasnt true but she didnt lmao #she was like 'hmm why dont we copy the most hated figure in irish history 🤔' pure saying to hell or to connacht in the fucking 1980s lmaooo #anyway just finished watching one of the most irish angst films of all time n im slowly making my way through burnt out by michael mccann #thank god that new legacy bill will allow us to draw a line under the troubles eh? #ireland #irish history #british history #uk politics #irish politics #northern ireland

[stairnaheireann]

Rathcroghan | Tulsk, Co Roscommon

Rathcroghan, Cruachan Aí, is known as the Ancient Capital of Connacht, where the festival of Samhain (Halloween) is said to originate. This majestic landscape is the oldest and largest unexcavated Royal Site in Europe.  The Rathcroghan landscape boasts over 240 identified archaeological sites, spanning a staggering period of over 5,500 years of human history. It is the location of numerous…

View On WordPress

#Co. Roscommon #Connacht #History of Ireland #Ireland #Irish History #Mythology #Rathcroghan #Tulsk

[irish-dress-history]

I’m wondering if you have any examples of Irish clothing from the early 1600s (around 1610-1615)? I haven’t been able to find much from this era so I’d appreciate any sources or museum collections that you could recommend.

Starting this out with the caveat that if you're looking for the same level of detail and precision that we have for English dress history in this period, you are going to be disappointed. The types of English primary sources we have for this period (well-dated detailed paintings, well-preserved rich-people clothing, wills, printed books, etc) just don't exist for Ireland. There also seems to be much less research interest in 16th-17th c. Irish dress history, so there isn't nearly as much for secondary sources (books, articles etc.).

You don't mention if you are interested in a specific region in Ireland. Ireland in the early 17th c. was a pretty heterogeneous place. People in Dublin and Waterford wore English-influenced styles. According to British-appointed solicitor-general Sir John Davies, by 1606 a few of the wealthier people in Connacht had started wearing English dress, but many others were still wearing Irish clothing. Ulster was a mix of Irish who were wearing Irish dress and incoming English and lowland Scots settlers.

All of the extant Irish clothing I know of from the early 17th c. comes from either bogs or archaeological excavations. It looks like you've already seen my post on extant garments at the NMI. The NMI also has a couple of felt hats that might be early 17th c. This one is from Knockfola, Co. Donegal. It originally had a decorative cord or band where the pale line is:

There are also another cóta mór and brat, found on a bog body from Leigh, Co. Tipperary, which I don't think the NMI has on display. I did not bother to include them in my post, because they are so similar to the ones from Killery, Co. Sligo, but the fact that these have been found in multiple places suggests that they were common, widely-used garments.

The other major garment-find from this period is the Dungiven outfit which is in the Ulster Museum. a short video The bright blue thread was added by a modern conservator; it's not original. (Side note: The identification of this outfit has gotten unfortunately politicized. Tartan trews were worn by both the Irish and the Scots during the 17th century (McClintock 1943, Dunlevy 1989). The presence of tartan should not be used to draw conclusions about the ethnicity of the wearer.) The primary publication for this outfit:

Henshall, Audrey, Seaby, Wilfred A., Lucas, A. T., Smith, A. G., and Connor, A. (1961). The Dungiven Costume. Ulster Journal of Archaeology, 24/25, 119-142. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20627382

The one other reasonably-well preserved outfit that has published on is from a child burial from Emlagh, Co. Kerry, now at University College Cork. Shee and O'Kelly give it a late 17th c date, but they largely base this date on the presence of a rather generic-looking comb. IMO the outfit could easily be early 17th c.

The Emlagh gown, photographed on a living 8-year-old child who was wearing a sweater and skirt underneath. (The 1960s was a different time.)

The bodice has a wrap-front closure with a back and button-up sleeves similar in cut to the Killery cóta mór. The skirt is a pleated rectangle with the pleats sewn in vertically, somewhat like the Shinrone gown. Publication:

Shee, E. and O'Kelly, M. (1966). A Clothed Burial from Emlagh, near Dingle. Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, 71(213), 81-91.

There are also, frustratingly, a bunch of fragmentary clothing finds at the NMI which might be 17th c, but no one seems to care enough to do publications on them, and NMI Archaeology still does not have their collection on-line, so they are useless to us.

The typical Irish shoe for this period is known as a brogue (also called a Lucas type 5 by archaeologists). broguesandshoes.com has photos, a pattern, and construction information.

Unfortunately, the illustrations from Speed's map are the only images I know of from this specific period.

If you want details on what materials were used, I recommend Susan Flavin's dissertation. It's about the 16th c. economy, but things didn't change that much between 1599 and 1601. free download here

If you don't mind wading through early modern English and a bit of period-typical prejudice, I recommend reading A Discourse of Ireland, by Luke Gernon written in 1620. His description of Irish clothing starts halfway down p. 356.

Finally, if you can find them, Dress in Ireland by Mairead Dunlevy (1st ed. 1989) and Old Irish and Highland Dress by H. F. McClintock (1st ed. 1943, 2nd ed. 1950) are the best books I know of for this period.

#asks #17th century #irish dress #irish history #dress history #brog

[covenawhite66]

Tuatha de Dannon of the Celtic Pantheon

Celts were a nation of loosely confederated tribes who originated in central Europe and spread westward as far as Spain and the British Isles, the latter of which being the place where the Celtic legacy of language and culture best survives today. The pantheon of Celtic gods was made up of more than 400 different gods and goddesses representing all aspects of day-to-day life. Ancient Roman sources, early Christian writers, and stories that survived into medieval Irish mythology.

However, it's hard to know much about most of these gods, with many of them only surviving as single references in inscriptions.

THE DAGDA, CHIEF OF THE TUATHA DE DANANN

One of the chief gods of the Celtic pantheon was the Dagda, whose name means "the good god." As the World History Encyclopedia explains, this epithet likely refers to his wide variety of skills, which included being a talented craftsman, mighty warrior, powerful magician, and wise ruler. He owns cauldron that always had enough food in it to feed whatever party sat down by it; a tree that was never empty of fruit; a magic harp that can cause those hearing it to fall asleep, laugh, or weep; two magic pigs, one ever alive and one forever cooking; and a magic club so heavy it had to be carried on wheels, that could kill nine men with one blow and also raise the dead.

THE MORRIGAN, BLOODY GODDESS OF WAR

Her role as the representation of the bloodthirsty nature of war, and she is typically described in a manner befitting that role. Like war itself, the Morrigan is said to be both terrible and alluring, terrifying and tempting. She has a frightening aspect that she can use to inflict terror on her enemies during battle, but she is also supposed to be sexually provocative, as seen in her annual duties ringing in the new year by getting rutty with the Dagda. She can change shape at will, becoming a beautiful young woman, the wind, or a wide variety of animals or birds, though her most common shape is the crow, a carrion-eating bird that many northern Europeans associated with war and death.

LUGH OF THE LONG ARM

That said, using ancient Roman sources, early Christian writers, and stories that survived into medieval Irish mythology, we can get a pretty decent idea of who the key figures of the Celtic religion were. Here are some of the most important gods, goddesses, and heroes of the ancient Celts.

BRIGID, THE CELTIC ATHENA

Brigid was the daughter of the chief god, the Dagda, and her remit included crafts, prophecy, divination, and poetry. Her role as the patron of the art of metalwork and smithing led her to be associated with fire as well. As History points out, Brigid's powers of healing and wisdom.

DANU AND THE DIVINE MATRIARCHS

The unknown Mother Goddess

AENGUS, GOD OF YOUTH

The god of youth, love, and poetry. As Mythopedia explains, he was the son of the Dagda and the river goddess Boann.Aengus' role as god of poetry and inspiration gave him a way with words that often allowed him to get the better of his elders, and his position as the god of youth gave him some control over life and death, including the ability to resurrect the dead with the breath of life.

CERNUNNOS, THE HORNED GOD

Cernunnos, an antlered god whose name means, appropriately enough, "the Horned One."

CU CHULAINN, HOUND OF ULSTER

A mighty warrior and the son of the god Lugh. The name Cu Chulainn means "hound of Culann,"

He was known for his great strength, agility, and supernatural rage, as well as his magical spear that can inflict 30 wounds on a person with a single strike. Additionally, he was notable for being beardless and for having seven fingers on each hand, seven toes on each foot, and seven pupils in each eye.

MEDB, WARRIOR QUEEN OF CONNACHT

Medb was the daughter of Eochu Feidlech, the High King of Ireland, and she was beautiful, demanding, and fantastically strong. She had numerous suitors, lovers, and husbands, from whom she demanded that they never act afraid, mean, or jealous toward her, which might be a natural response from them as she was stronger, both mentally and physically, than any man who approached her. When she heard a prophecy that her hated first husband would be killed by someone named Maine, she changed the names of all of her sons to Maine, just to increase her chances of revenge.

EPONA, MOTHER OF HORSES

Epona was invoked and worshiped as the protectress of horses and other equine animals, such as mules and donkeys. Horses were extremely important to the Celtic way of life, especially among the Gallic cavalries,

BELENUS, THE SHINING ONE

There are about 31 surviving inscriptions to Belenus, which is an unusually high number for most Celtic deities. The locations of these inscriptions show that Belenus was worshiped in northern Italy, the eastern Alps, southern Gaul, and probably even up into Britain. He was a pastoral god associated with healing.

The May 1 festival of Beltane, was probably originally connected with the worship of Belenus. On Beltane, all the cattle would be purified by protective bonfires before being put out for pasture for the summer. The shining god Belenus would help oversee this.

Copied from: THE CELTIC PANTHEON OF GODS EXPLAINED/Internet Other Websites

#tuatha de danann #ancient celts #pantheon #celtic mythology

[tricksterstudies]

. INTRODUCTION .

Hi! My name is Garden ( From main account: @gardenkeeper ), and this is my somewhat studyblr?. I study arts and languages with a focus on the Indigenous languages of Turtle Island

. . . . .

Some information about me:

. My pronouns are he/him. I'm trans and queer.

. I'm 21 years old

. I'm Irish/French-Canadian, from Quebec. French is my native language.

. I'm aspiring to become a librarian.

. I'm interested in both languages and linguistics.

Language information:

. FRENCH: As mentioned above, French is my native language. I specifically speak with a Southwestern Quebec dialect. My interest in French as a language in Quebec falls through the lens of linguistics, seeing how it developed with the influence of French minority languages such as Gallo and Poitevin-Saintongeais. I'm also interested in the history of la Francophonie of North America as a whole.

. ENGLISH: I consider myself to be in the C1 to C2 range for English. I've been speaking it since I was three years old and never made the conscious effort of learning it, and therefore see it as a second native language

. IRISH: I've been actively learning Irish for about a year at this point and fall somewhere in the A2 range. It's currently my main focus and a way for me to reconnect to my Irish heritage. I have a bias towards the Connacht Dialect, but haven't chained myself down to it yet

. GREEK: At the moment, Greek is my secondary focus. I do not spend much time on it, and am only keeping it active so that when I reach a higher level in Irish, I already have a base in this one

. OTHER: I dabbled in Italian as a teenager, but lost most of it, though I can still read it. My next language will either be ( Colombian ) Spanish or Aln8ba8dwaw8gan, depending on my situation in the next few years, and I hope to eventually be able to learn Turkish from Greek. I'm also interested in many other languages, including, but not limited to Tagalog, Catalan, ( Levantine ) Arabic, Icelandic, Norwegian, Breton and Punjabi

. . . . .

I do not tolerate any form of bigotry. If you see me reblog or say something that shows otherwise, please inform me and I will remove the post or correct myself.

. . . . .

#langblr #polyglot #irish langblr #french langblr #languageblr #learning irish #greek langblr #learning greek #langblr intro #language learning #studyblr

[caemthe]

Post Nimhe Eire | Berserker of Victory

     During the Nimhe Eire Lostbelt, the spirit core of Conall Cernach from Proper Human History was shattered, erasing his existence from the Throne of Heroes. Therefore, there was a general shock among the people when Chaldea’s summoning system picked on a familiar yet distinct readings. And so once again the wolf rose.

Height: 1.79m / 5′11ft Source: Celtic Mythology, Ulster Cycle Region: Midluachair Alignment: Chaotic Evil Gender: Female

     ‘She who is as strong as a wolf’      No one was a brave as Conall Cernach, who never went a day without beheading a Connacht warrior in battle. So terrible was her rage that each night she slept with a severed head under her knee. No land had not felt the fury of her slaughter. There was not a man of Connacht, whose son, brother or father she had not slain.

     While her deeds, looks and personality are essentially the same as the Berserker that was previously summoned, the life and experiences led were heavily influenced by the fact that she was a woman in the Iron Age. She had the same ‘miraculous’ birth and prophecy of slaughter as her Proper Human History counterpart but, instead of almost being assassinated upon birth, her uncle Cet requested King Conchobar to marry her to a faraway land so she wouldn’t be able to fulfill the prophecy. King Conchobar agreed to keep the ‘peace’ between Connacht and Ulster and arranged a marriage between the Ulster princess and a Pictish king.

     The marriage didn’t last long as, years later, Conall would return with the severed head of her husband tied to her belt and her four infant sons. While usually that would mean that she would go back to being the property of a male family member, she insisted that she still followed her husband’s commands and answered only to him. If one wished to defy the word of the severed head man. they would’ve to talk on equal terms, which meant become a severed head themself or suffer the consequences of defying his authority.

     While a mercenary leader rather than an Ulster warrior, Conall often aided Ulster in war and, true to the prophecy, killed more than half of Connachta during her lifetime. And just like her Proper Human History counterpart, she had 6 wives (technically, they were married to the severed head tied to her belt) and her four sons became kings, earning her the title of Mother of Kings.

     Once in Chaldea, she was quickly asked to not walk around with the severed head of her husband tied to her belt as it was a grotesque sight.

tag:: au. º ( máthir. )

- - visual reference under the read more - -

#conall. º ( berserker. ) #au. º ( máthir. ) #oc art.º #/ i am weak and biased but tbh fate should've added a feral female warrior that actually looks like a feral warrior long ago #/ anyway the main differences in design between male/female conall is that her war paint is more feminine and she doesn't hide her- #/ heterochromia. but yeah still 100% enemy of shirts and annoyingly loud. sorry not sorry

[studyscrasic]

Langblrs who have chosen to study particular dialects of their target languages -- what has your reasoning been?

For mine I've largely been interested in dialects my family once spoke, as far as I can tell from family history. But I know other people are learning languages with no heritage connection, or for other reasons entirely. Seeing as I know a lot of learners don't pay as much attention to dialects, I'm curious about those of us who do!

Like, I have ancestry all over Germany, but a lot of it is concentrated in the south of the country, and there's also a branch in Austria, so I've been favoring Hochdeutsch while learning. I haven't refined it beyond that, but I'd definitely pick a dialect from a southern region.

For Irish I'm torn because I have family that migrated to the US from both Galway and Cork, so I've been trying to decide if I want to lean more Connacht or Munster with my own pronunciation -- it may come down to which of the two I think sounds the nicest, though the fact that a some of the bigger remaining Gaeltachts lean Connacht is interesting to consider.

I've also been trying to decide on a Norwegian dialect to focus on, because I don't actually have any Norwegian ancestry -- I do have some from Sweden though, so I've considered looking at one from a border region. But I also have a real interest in learning more about some of the other dialects before making a proper decision.

What dialects are you all learning? Did you pick them for a reason? At random? Are you someone who thinks the idea of learning a specific dialect of your target language sounds interesting, but you don't know where to start? I feel like there's a cool dialogue to be had about this, but I haven't seen langblr talk about it much.

#learning minority languages has made me a lot more conscious of the significance of dialects i think #but i also think they're just... really neat #no language is a monolith which is a cool dimension to learning one #langblr #language learning #studyblr

[rowan-blood]

Morrígan Academy

An academy for hight fey close to Connacht and Lake Elatha in the Spring Court. It's located on the other side of Quartz Creek crossing Agate Bridge, opposite to the Agate Wood.

STAFF

-Elluin (fey, headmistress) -Silver (fey, Elluin's assistant) -Merith (human, elevated beantighe) -Adelard (human, professor) -Professor Dullahan (fey, professor) -Caetho (human, elevated beantighe) -Cassila

STUDENTS

-Eias (Book 1) -Magnin (Book 1)

THE LIBRARY

HOUSE DANANN: Nobility

Aon-adharcach (Unicorn Suite)

-Cylvan dé Tuatha dé Danann (Book 1, Book 2)

Other Suites

-Taran  mac Delbaith (Book 1, Book 2) -Asche (Book 2) -Kaelar (Book 2) -Eias (Book 2) -Magnin (Book 2)

Attic: Servants' Quarters

-Saffron (Book 2) -Dewdrop (Book 2) -Apple (Book 2) -Goldie (Book 2)

-Danann House's ghosts

HOUSE PALLAS: Knights

For studying military history, world history, and diplomatic politics.

-Kaelar (Book 1)

HOUSE ERCE: Government officials

For studying government, economics, social philosofy, public works, and ensuring the well being of all high fey.

HOUSE NEMAIN: Oracles and Philosophers

For studying arts, literature, philosophy, sociology and anthropology.

#Morrígan Academy #locations #house danann #house erce #house nemain #Aon-adharcach #house pallas #alfidel #spring court

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 8.27 (before 1900)

410 – The sacking of Rome by the Visigoths ends after three days. 1172 – Henry the Young King and Margaret of France are crowned junior king and queen of England. 1232 – Shikken Hojo Yasutoki of the Kamakura shogunate promulgates the Goseibai Shikimoku, the first Japanese legal code governing the samurai class. 1557 – The Battle of St. Quentin results in Emmanuel Philibert becoming Duke of Savoy. 1593 – Pierre Barrière failed an attempt to assassinate Henry IV of France. 1597 – Jeongyu War: Battle of Chilcheollyang: A Japanese fleet of 500 ships decimates Joseon commander Won Gyun’s fleet of 200 ships at Chilcheollyang. 1600 – Ishida Mitsunari’s Western Army commences the Siege of Fushimi Castle, which is lightly defended by a much smaller Tokugawa garrison led by Torii Mototada. 1689 – The Treaty of Nerchinsk is signed by Russia and the Qing Empire (Julian calendar). 1776 – American Revolutionary War: Members of the 1st Maryland Regiment repeatedly charged a numerically superior British force during the Battle of Long Island, allowing General Washington and the rest of the American troops to escape. 1791 – French Revolution: Frederick William II of Prussia and Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor, issue the Declaration of Pillnitz, declaring the joint support of the Holy Roman Empire and Prussia for the French monarchy, agitating the French revolutionaries and contributing to the outbreak of the War of the First Coalition. 1793 – French Revolutionary Wars: The city of Toulon revolts against the French Republic and admits the British and Spanish fleets to seize its port, leading to the Siege of Toulon by French Revolutionary forces. 1798 – Wolfe Tone's United Irish and French forces clash with the British Army in the Battle of Castlebar, part of the Irish Rebellion of 1798, resulting in the creation of the French puppet Republic of Connacht. 1810 – Napoleonic Wars: The French Navy defeats the British Royal Navy, preventing them from taking the harbour of Grand Port on Île de France. 1813 – French Emperor Napoleon I defeats a larger force of Austrians, Russians, and Prussians at the Battle of Dresden. 1828 – Brazil and Argentina recognize the sovereignty of Uruguay in the Treaty of Montevideo 1832 – Black Hawk, leader of the Sauk tribe of Native Americans, surrenders to U.S. authorities, ending the Black Hawk War. 1859 – Petroleum is discovered in Titusville, Pennsylvania, leading to the world's first commercially successful oil well. 1881 – The Georgia hurricane makes landfall near Savannah, Georgia, resulting in an estimated 700 deaths. 1883 – Eruption of Krakatoa: Four enormous explosions almost completely destroy the island of Krakatoa and cause years of climate change. 1893 – The Sea Islands hurricane strikes the United States near Savannah, Georgia, killing between 1,000 and 2,000 people. 1895 – Japanese invasion of Taiwan: Battle of Baguashan: The Empire of Japan decisively defeats a smaller Formosan army at Changhua, crippling the short-lived Republic of Formosa and leading to its surrender two months later. 1896 – Anglo-Zanzibar War: The shortest war in world history (09:02 to 09:40), between the United Kingdom and Zanzibar.

#Events

[bockshorn]

Ireland was once home to five provinces named Ulster, Munster, Connacht, Leinster and Meath.

The Irish word for province is 'cúige' which comes from the Irish word 'cúig' which of course means 'five.'

In ancient times, each province had its own laws and character.

Trefuilgnid, a mysterious spirit-man of Irish mythology, described the provinces thus:

Ulster: To the North dwells battle, the only important battle being the one that is fought within, it is where we go to test ourselves and to grow.

Leinster: Prosperity lies to the east where we learn of and share the bounty of life.

Munster: Music lies to the south, where we heal and remember the great song that winds through all.

Meath: Sovereignty lies at the centre, where we are in good stewardship of the land and in right standing with our soul’s path, and the people around us.

And Connacht: Knowledge, counsels, stories, histories, teaching and education dwell to the west, the otherworld, where we soak in wisdom.

So it has always been and so it will be for all time.”

#bockshorn irish pub whisky bar beer #bockshorn vienna #irish

[stairnaheireann]

Rathcroghan | Tulsk, Co Roscommon

Rathcroghan, Cruachan Aí, is known as the Ancient Capital of Connacht, where the festival of Samhain (Halloween) is said to originate. This majestic landscape is the oldest and largest unexcavated Royal Site in Europe.  The Rathcroghan landscape boasts over 240 identified archaeological sites, spanning a staggering period of over 5,500 years of human history. It is the location of numerous…

View On WordPress

#Co. Roscommon #Connacht #History of Ireland #Ireland #Irish History #Mythology #Rathcroghan #Tulsk

[cultureandcustoms]

#pirates #pirate queen #grace omalley #strong women

[theirishjewelrycompany]

Grace O'Malley: The Pirate Queen of Connacht and Her Swashbuckling Legacy

In the annals of history, certain figures stand out as icons of defiance and courage. Grace O’Malley, known as the Pirate Queen of Connacht, was one such remarkable woman. Born in 1530, Grace defied societal norms and rose to prominence as a powerful leader, fearless seafarer, and cunning diplomat. This blog post delves into the life and adventures of Grace O’Malley, uncovering her fascinating…

View On WordPress

[thiefnessman]

Knowing the internet my attempts to explain the reality of what’s going on is gonna get misinterpreted as defending the mass murderer, which is annoying bc I care about Irish independence & history? Like I don’t have that much of a personal connection to the Troubles, though I’m of Irish Catholic descent, my family is from Connacht & immigrated well before they took place (I’m blanking on when). So I’m not like, patriotic or something about it (it’s not my… patriot to ic? whatever) & yeah I don’t have the full picture im no irish historian but just. Yknow. I care about it & I would love to see Cleary rot in hell, it’s just driving me crazy (partially bc I care about this!) to see people saying dumb shit.

[glorioustidalwavedefendor]

Grace O'Malley (c. 1530 – c. 1603), also known as Gráinne O'Malley[1] (Irish: Gráinne Ní Mháille, pronounced [gˠɾˠaːnʲə nʲiː waːlʲə]), was the head of the Ó Máille dynasty in the west of Ireland, and the daughter of Eóghan Dubhdara Ó Máille.

In Irish folklore she is commonly known as Gráinne Mhaol (anglicised as Granuaile) and is a well-known historical figure in sixteenth-century Irish history. Her name also was rendered in contemporaneous English documents in various ways, including Gráinne O'Maly, Graney O'Mally, Granny ni Maille, Grany O'Mally, Grayn Ny Mayle, Grane ne Male, Grainy O'Maly, and Granee O'Maillie,[2] rarely as Grace O'Malley[3]In popular culture she is often referred to as "The Pirate Queen".

O'Malley is not mentioned in the Irish annals, so documentary evidence for her life comes mostly from English sources, especially the eighteen "Articles of Interrogatory", questions put to her in writing on behalf of Elizabeth I.[4] She is mentioned in the English State Papers and in other documents of the kind, as well.[5]

Upon her father's death she took over active leadership of the lordship by land and sea, despite having a brother, Dónal an Phíopa Ó Máille. Marriage to Dónal an Chogaidh (Donal "of the war") Ó Flaithbheartaigh brought her greater wealth and influence, reportedly owning as much as 1,000 head of cattle and horses. In 1593, when her sons Tibbot Bourke and Murchadh Ó Flaithbheartaigh (Murrough O'Flaherty) and her half-brother Dónal an Phíopa ("Donal of the Pipes") were taken captive by the English governor of Connacht, Sir Richard Bingham, O'Malley sailed to England to petition for their release. She formally presented her request to Queen Elizabeth I at her court in Greenwich Palace.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_O%27Malley

Fuck Mary Stuart, where is my big Holywood blockbuster about Grace O'Malley meeting Elizabeth I ?!