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carnegiemuseumnaturalhistory · 3 years

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Folded Forest: Defining the Jurassic Period

by Jane Thaler

What’s in a Name?

Derived from the words for “middle life” in Greek, the Mesozoic Era consisted of three geological periods: the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous. While many of us might be aware of all three, the term “Jurassic” has seeped into our everyday lives in a way that the Triassic and Cretaceous have not. We can attribute much of this ubiquity to the wildly popular Jurassic Park books by Michael Crichton and their subsequent film adaptations, but have you ever wondered what “Jurassic” actually means and how scientists define the period’s geological boundaries?

Coining “Jurassic”

The “Jura” in Jurassic refers to the Jura Mountains that run along a large portion of the Swiss and French border. Named for the ancient Celtic word for forest, the Jura Mountains are known for their tree-covered peaks and the folded rocks that comprise them (Jones, 2020, p. 94).

Jura Mountains from Wikimedia Commons.

It was here in 1795 that Alexander von Humboldt, a Prussian explorer and naturalist, documented a series of carbonate shelf deposits from the period now known as the Jurassic and dubbed them the “Jura Kalstein.” Alexander Brongniart, a French scientist known for arranging and describing the geologic formations of the Tertiary Period (66.0 to 2.6 million years ago), coined the term “Terrains Jurassiques” to refer to all Jurassic strata in 1829. In 1832, German geologist Leopold von Buch established the three-fold subdivision of epochs based on the folds of limestone in the Jura: the Lias (Early Jurassic), the Dogger (Middle Jurassic), and the Malm (Late Jurassic). This arrangement remains the basic framework for our geological understanding of the Jurassic to this day (Ogg et al., 2012b, p. 732; Encyclopedia Britannica, 2021a).

Jura Mountain fold known as the “Chapeau de Gendarme” from Wikimedia Commons.

Beginning of the Jurassic

Nestled between the Triassic and Cretaceous periods, the Jurassic spanned from 201.3 million years ago to 145 million years ago (National Park Service, 2020). The end of the Triassic (so named because it is a group of three strata) and the beginning of the Jurassic is marked by the Triassic–Jurassic (Tr–J) extinction event, sometimes called the end-Triassic extinction. The fourth of five major extinction episodes on Earth (or sixth if you count the current, anthropogenic extinction), the Tr–J extinction wiped out around 75 percent of all marine and terrestrial life (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2021b).

Current evidence suggests that the Tr–J extinction was initially set into motion by movements of the Earth’s crust. As the all-encompassing mega-continent Pangea began to break apart, the associated tectonic shifts caused significant volcanic activity that spewed carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The resulting global warming disrupted the Earth’s carbon cycle and contributed to ocean acidification (Fuge, 2020).

The ecological niches left open by the Tr–J extinction were quickly filled by remaining species of pterosaurs, crocodilians, turtles, mammals, many species of plants and invertebrates, marine life, and dinosaurs. Though many species died out during the extinction event, the wet and warm climate of the Jurassic in many places encouraged the growth of lush vegetation along with the proliferation and diversification of fauna. Oceans teemed with life, forests flourished, and dinosaurs became the dominant forms of backboned animal life on land during this time (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2021b).

Jurassic landscape in the Dinosaurs in Their Time exhibition at Carnegie Museum of Natural History.

End of the Jurassic

The end of the Jurassic is a bit of a mystery as the geological boundary between it and the Cretaceous Period (the latter name derived from the Latin for “chalk”) remains formally undefined. In fact, the Cretaceous is the only period in the Phanerozoic Eon (541 million years ago to present day) that “does not yet have an accepted global boundary definition” (Ogg et al., 2012a, p. 795). This definitional challenge is due to a number of factors but is mostly attributed to the concept of provincialism or provinciality, which means that plant or animal populations were restricted to a particular area or group of areas (Gale et al., 2020). This resulted in endemic populations, particularly of ammonites, which left uneven or unclear fossil markers in the stratigraphic record (Wimbledon, 2017; see Énay, 2019 for more detail on the J/K boundary debates).

We do know that the end of the Jurassic was marked by the Tithonian–early Barremian cool interval, which began 150 million years ago and continued well into the Early Cretaceous (Ogg et al., 2012a). During this time, some groups of animals did go extinct or become less diverse, like the dinosaurian subgroup Stegosauria that included Stegosaurus, while others increased in abundance, like some ammonite subgroups who survived the Tr–J event. Plants were also developing in important ways during this time. Around 130 million years ago, angiosperms (flowering plants) began to diversify, and they became increasingly dominant throughout the Cretaceous (Friis et al., 2010). Taking the unknowns and variables into account, the end of the Jurassic is currently placed at 145 million years ago.

Naming Geological Periods

Many of the names we still use for geological periods went through a similar process to that of the Jurassic: a scientist named a phenomenon based on the strata they were studying and the nomenclature (the system of names) developed from there. Nowadays, defining and naming geological units is left to the International Commission on Stratigraphy of the International Union of Geological Sciences. The process by which this happens feels about as long as the geologic periods themselves, at least to those of us watching from outside the commission. This is, of course, an exaggeration, but it does take years of work and rounds of voting to arrive at an official stratigraphic boundary designation.

Check out https://stratigraphy.org for the latest updates on humanity’s understanding of geologic time.

Jane Thaler is a Gallery Experience Presenter and Floor Captain in CMNH’s LifeLong Learning Department. Museum staff, volunteers, and interns are encouraged to blog about their unique experiences and knowledge gained from working at the museum.

References:

enay, Raymond (2019). The Jurassic/Cretaceous System Boundary is at an impasse: Why not go back to Oppel’s 1865 original and historic definition of the Tithonian? Cretaceous Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104241.

Encyclopedia Britannica (2021a). Alexandre Brongniart. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexandre-Brongniart

Encyclopedia Britannica (2021b). End-Triassic extinction. https://academic-eb-com.pitt.idm.oclc.org/levels/collegiate/article/end-Triassic-extinction/474417

Fuge, L. (2020). Volcano link to end of Triassic extinction. Cosmos. https://cosmosmagazine.com/history/palaeontology/volcano-link-to-end-of-triassic-extinction/

Friis E. M., Pedersen K. R., Crane P. R. (2010). Diversity in obscurity: fossil flowers and the early history of angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 365. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0227

Gale, A. S., Mutterlose, J., Batenburg, S., Gradstein, F. M., Agterberg, F. P., Ogg, J. G., Petrizzo, M. R. (2020). The Cretaceous Period. In The Geologic Time Scale 2020 (Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Schmitz, M. D., & Ogg, G. M., Eds.). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824360-2.00027-9

Gore, R. (n.d.), The rise of mammals. In National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/rise-mammals

Ogg, J. G., Hinnov, L. A., Huang, C. (2012a). Cretaceous. In The Geologic Time Scale 2012 (Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Schmitz, M. D., & Ogg, G. M., Eds.). Elsevier.

Ogg, J. G., Hinnov, L. A., Huang, C. (2012b). Jurassic. In The Geologic Time Scale 2012 (Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Schmitz, M. D., & Ogg, G. M., Eds.). Elsevier.

Jones, P. (2020). Jura Mountains, France/Switzerland. In Around the World in 80 Words. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/9780226682822-026

National Park Service (2020). Geologic time scale. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/geology/time-scale.htm

Pfiffner, O. A. (2006). Thick-skinned and thin-skinned styles of continental contraction. Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, 414.

Sauquet, H., von Balthazar, M., Magallón, S. et al. (2017). The ancestral flower of angiosperms and its early diversification. Nature Communications, 8. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms16047

Scotese, C. R., Song, H., Mills, B. J. W., van der Meer, D. G. (2021). Phanerozoic paleotemperatures: the Earth’s changing climate during the last 540 million years. Earth-Science Reviews, 215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103503

Wimbledon, W. A. P. (2017). Developments with fixing a Tithonian/Berriasian (J/K) boundary. Volumina Jurassica, XV. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7467

#Carnegie Museum of Natural History #Jurassic #Jurassic Park #Jurassic World #Dinosaurs #Paleontology

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linguisten · 3 years

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Small-scale multilingualism – round table

[ILARA Online] [ILARA En Ligne]

[#INVITATIONS] [#LIVE on #YouTube] #savethedates

http://bit.ly/ilara-youtube

SMALL-SCALE MULTILINGUALISM (La version française suit) We now know that monolingualism is the exception: what small societies have been doing all across the globe for millennia, is communicating in several languages, following deeply rooted social practices within a meaningful geographic setting. This egalitarian ecology, involving local languages, is typical of pre-colonial societies, and very important for our understanding of how humans have long been communicating among themselves.

This topic is central to the research of our next guest, Friederike Lüpke (U. of Helsinki), who will be convening a double round-table, Live streamed on our YouTube Channel:

On February 11, at 9h00 (UTC+1), with co-host Ruth Singer (U. of Melbourne) the round-table will focus on the Pacific space. The panelists will be: Christian Döhler (ZAS Berlin) Alexandre François (CNRS-LATTICE) Kristina Gallego (ANU Canberra) Jill Vaughan (University of Melbourne)

On February 18, at 16h00 (UTC+1), the round table will focus on Africa, Amazonia, and the Atlantic space. The panelists will be: Pierpaolo di Carlo (U. at Buffalo, The State University of New York) Patience Epps (U. of Texas at Austin) Hein van der Voort (Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Belém) Stephanie Wanga (LSE London) Kofi Yakpo (U. of Hong Kong & Humboldt University Berlin)

Save the dates!

Nous savons maintenant que le monolinguisme est l'exception : ce que les petites sociétés font partout dans le monde depuis des millénaires, c'est communiquer en plusieurs langues, suivant des pratiques sociales profondément enracinées dans un cadre géographique bien défini et plein de signification. Cette écologie égalitaire, impliquant les langues locales, est typique des sociétés précoloniales ; elle très importante pour notre compréhension de la façon dont les humains ont de longue date communiqué entre eux.

Ce thème est au cœur de la recherche de notre prochaine invitée, Friederike Lüpke (U. d'Helsinki), qui organisera une double table ronde, diffusée en direct sur notre chaîne YouTube. Les dates et les participants sont indiqués ci-dessus dans la version anglaise de l'annonce.

Venez nombreux!

#multilingualism #linguistics #language #lingblr #event

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darkbasketballcolorskeleton · 4 years

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Olá! Esse é o GeoMundo , um blog onde tem o intuição de ajudar vocês a entender a geografia de um jeito prático, eficiente e divertido.

Por que estudar Geografia?

Estudar Geografia é uma forma de compreender o mundo

em que vivemos. Por meio desse estudo, podemos entender

melhor tanto o nosso lugar de moradia – seja uma área urba-

na, seja uma área rural .

Qual a importância da Geografia hoje?

A Geografia é a ciência do espaço produtivo e social, ou

seja, é o estudo das características da superfície da Terra, bem

como das relações humanas (econômicas, políticas, culturais,

sociais) e suas dimensões espaciais e/ou consequências no

espaço.Esse trabalho é reconhecido

como a primeira sistematização do conteúdo de Geografia.

Outros gregos também estudaram a Geografia; entre eles

destacamos Alexandre (o Grande), Aristóteles, Anaximandro,

Eratóstenes, Heródoto, Tales de Mileto, entre outros, embora

historicamente Estrabão seja reconhecido como o primeiro

geógrafo pelo conjunto e importância de sua obra.Por que o espaço geográfico é um conceito tão impor-

tante para a Geografia? O conhecimento geográfico, além de

iniciar o raciocínio espacial, forma cidadãos pensantes que

conseguem se situar e compreender as relações no espaço

geográfico.

Princípios da Geografia

Durante o século XIX, surgem diversas premissas de aná-

lise. Algumas delas são:

● Extensão – todo fenômeno geográfico tem sua ocor-

rência numa determinada porção do território, que

pode ser delimitada. Formulado por Friedrich Ratzel

(1844-1904).

● Localização – todo fenômeno geográfico pode ser lo-

calizado, delimitado e, portanto, pode ser cartografado.

Friedrich Ratzel (1844-1904).

● Analogia – todo fenômeno geográfico deve ser compa-

rado a outros do mesmo tipo para estabelecer seme-

lhanças e diferenças e facilitar a sua compreensão. Karl

Ritter (1779-1859).

● Causalidade – todo fenômeno geográfico tem uma

ou mais causas, que devem ser buscadas e explicadas.

Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859).

● Atividade e Conexidade – todo fenômeno geográfico

tem um caráter dinâmico, portanto, seu estudo deve

compreender sua extensão e conexidade com o tempo,

pois os fatos nunca estão isolados. Jean Brunhes (1869-

-1930).

Além dessas premissas, destacamos os seguintes concei-

tos relacionados à Geografia:

● Espaço geográfico – é entendido como o espaço pro-

duzido e apropriado pela sociedade, composto pela

inter-relação dos objetos naturais e culturais (Milton

Santos, 2006).

● Paisagem – é tudo aquilo que é possível de se observar,

sendo a materialização das relações no espaço geográ-

fico. Pode ser constituída de paisagem natural ou cul-

tural/artificial.

● Lugar – espaço onde desempenhamos nossas relações

perante a sociedade e aperfeiçoamos laços afetivos, é o

espaço do nosso cotidiano.

● Território – espaço delimitado pelas relações de poder.

● Territorialidade – ações que garantem domínio sobre

o território.

● Região – espaço delimitado de acordo com critérios

predefinido.

#GeoMundo

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revistaoia · 5 years

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O que é ser negro no século XXI

Beatriz Muniz e Pedro Tavares

Resumo

São poucas as pessoas que vivem numa sociedade segregada racialmente e despertam a mente, a ponto de se perguntarem qual a causa dessa segregação, ou como se deu o entendimento do conceito do que é raça e a relação entre cor de pele, fator cultural/histórico e sentimental. É de suma importância discutirmos sobre identidade racial e sobre o fato de muitas pessoas negras, e não negras não saberem falar o que é ser negro(a), pois é uma questão enraizada no mundo ha muitos anos e de tão banalizada, o ato de quebrar todos os rótulos e preconceitos sobre apenas uma palavra virou algo raro e muito difícil de acontecer. Infere-se, portanto que, para haver uma revolução social, que tenha tamanho poder, para erradicar a ignorância e os conceitos que são colocados sobre uma simples pessoa, deve ocorrer uma luta contra a falta de informação e principalmente o respeito, porque se isso ocorrer, existiria um mundo o qual as pessoas se respeitem pelo fato de serem seres humanos, sem interferência nenhuma da sua coloração de pele, crença ou cultura.

Introdução

O ser humano, uma espécie que possui tanta amplitude em suas ações, decisões e desejos, muitas vezes se encontra em posição diferente consigo mesmo ou com outros semelhantes a ele, e essas divergências desde o período Pré-Histórico acarretaram em ações violentas, que evoluíram com o passar de séculos existência, ações que desumanizaram e desumanizam esse ser e o destroem por dentro a ponto de não desejarem mais viver. Assim como o seu criador, esses atos violentos possuem diversas dimensões, uma delas é o racismo e o ato de generalizar um grupo de pessoas por aspectos semelhantes e características preconcebidas, ambas com caráter destrutivo, as quais com o passar de tanto tempo de evolução, tornaram-se banais na sociedade e muito difíceis de serem desconstruídas, para obter um olhar sobre o ser humano de forma igualitária com equidade e empatia, num grau onde não só os quesitos biológicos e sociológicos devem ser considerados, mas deve adicionar questões pessoais do ser humano, seus sentimentos e toda a influência que ele tem desde seu nascimento, da sociedade que o oprime e o obriga a seguir preceitos tirando sua liberdade escolha.

Os problemas criados pelo ser humano envolvem certos pontos em comum, como por exemplo a capacidade que um tem sobre o outro, no caso da competitividade ou a falta de autovalorização e depreciação do que se tem e invejar o que é do outro, no tema sobre o racismo, podemos observar pontos em comum, os quais se as pessoas começarem a indagar a sua origem e o porquê da existência deles, terão que fazer uma grande pesquisa. Primeiramente é importante denominar o que é raça, etnia e cultura de modo objetivo, pois a presença de discursos relacionados ao tema, de forma generalizada, é muito intensa em vários casos, devido ao ato de esquecer que estão direcionando a fala para uma pessoa e não um conceito. Em segundo lugar, para uma questão definitiva, é necessário denotar os protagonistas desse problema, no mais notório caso, pessoas brancas e pessoas negras. Afinal ser negro(a) vai muito além de cor de pele, chega a se relacionar a ideias baseadas na prática racista de modo não proposital, a ponto de causar uma segregação não saudável para nossa espécie, segregação essa que deve ser erradicada.

Desenvolvimento

A questão sobre o que é ser negro é algo que se mostra muito difícil de responder, pois a sua definição varia entre o pensamento pessoal e sentimental, social, coletivo, basicamente uma gama de aspectos que devem ser considerados em uma resposta sobre tal assunto. Com base em entrevistas feitas no colégio E.E Alexandre Von Humboldt com alguns professores no ano de 2019, dentre eles quatro negros e dois brancos, detalhe que um dos professores brancos se considera negro por vivências que teve em sua vida, foram feitas perguntas sobre o que é ser negro, se é uma questão sobre cultura/etnia ou um sentimento e se é válido considerar alguém negro pelo fator biológico ou social. Os dois professores brancos, da matéria de Filosofia tiveram respostas controversas, as quais na pergunta sobre o que é ser negro, um não soube responder e o outro (que se diz negro) disse que esse conceito não existe, que está relacionado a tonalidade de pele e a cultura, no que diz respeito a como eles vêm o significado sobre ser negro, os dois disseram que são conceitos que se desvincularam da tonalidade de pele e se tornou uma forma de classificar as pessoas por meio de problemas de cunho racista os quais segregam a vida de alguém negro para uma pessoa branca.

Entretanto, entrevistando outros quatro professores, sendo pessoas negras da matéria de Física, Português, Inglês e participante da Coordenação Escolar percebemos respostas diferentes, pois elas evidenciam, a partir do ponto de vista dessas pessoas, que ser negro é ser um ser humano que sente, que ama, que estuda, basicamente um ser semelhante ao outro de sua espécie, tirando todo e qualquer olhar racista sobre esse conceito, ‘’negro’’. E referente ao que o termo se refere diretamente em relação a cultura/etnia ou sentimento, majoritariamente concordaram que sim, devem ser levados em consideração esses pontos, e olhando a partir de toda luta que essas pessoas passaram durante suas vidas e todo o movimento negro também, desenvolve-se consequentemente uma empatia, empatia essa que dá um novo entendimento sobre que é ser uma pessoa com uma tonalidade de pele mais escura absolutamente livre de correntes racistas e opressoras.

Por meio de pequenas entrevistas feitas com pessoas que tiveram vários anos de educação, e algumas experiências relacionadas ao racismo, é perceptível que ser negro é algo muito complexo para ser discutido, pois desde o surgimento da humanidade e toda mistura dos problemas que ela criou, a variedade sobre um tema abrange vários olhares e várias perspectivas, porém é perceptível que apesar desse argumento a favor da visibilidade, alguns detalhes desse argumento podem ser pejorativos ou preconceituosos de forma inconsciente pois já estão enraizados na nossa cultura, e infelizmente são poucas as pessoas que percebem e corrigem isso.

Muitos dizem que ser negro é algo étnico, mas observando o real sentido dessa palavra, não tem muita analogia ao que diz respeito a uma tonalidade de pele com um grupo de pessoas que cultivam e vivem com os mesmos hábitos com características semelhantes, pois não são todos os negros que participam da mesma cultura ou cultivam os mesmos hábitos de acordo, primeiramente com sua localização e em segundo lugar de acordo com sua etnicidade, portanto ser negro é um conceito para classificar seres humanos a partir de sua tonalidade de pele, tirando todo o contexto social e racista que esse termo sofre cotidianamente, principalmente é um conceito que apresenta apenas um detalhe sobre a pessoa, e não algo que a deixe desconfortável ou que lhe cause sofrimento.

Conclusão

Ser negro é, portanto, algo que caracteriza o ser humano, mas que não necessariamente o maltrata como uma forma de opressão utilizada pela sociedade a tantos séculos. Todos são seres pensantes e sencientes, e vale lembrar que devem ser respeitados por esse fato, além de vários outros, mas esse especificamente de acordo com o contexto atual. É importante todo sentido por trás desse conceito seja ele no quesito biológico ou social, por base de vários anos que ele se desenvolveu, pois se torna algo cultural, porém para a cultura se adequar a todos de forma ética é necessário que todas as pessoas saibam que um tema com essa pauta deve ser discutido com uma perspectiva transformada e que visualiza a sociedade de forma igualitária e num meio onde todos são semelhantes.

#Número 9 #Revista ÓIA!#África #Cultura africana #Disciplina Eletiva #Alexandre von Humboldt #Programa Ensino Integral

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johannhoven · 5 years

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Le géographe et naturaliste Alexandre de Humboldt le père de l'écologie et contemporain de Johann von Hoven

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evoldir · 3 years

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Fwd: Course: Berlin.16Smetabarcoding.Apr3-7

Begin forwarded message: > From: [email protected] > Subject: Course: Berlin.16Smetabarcoding.Apr3-7 > Date: 15 October 2016 at 09:23:30 BST > To: [email protected] > > > > > 16SrRNA gene metabarcoding workshop > > Monday 3rd to Friday 7th April 2017 in Berlin, Germany > > https://ift.tt/3yUUnYn > > Instructor: Dr. Alexandre Barretto de Menezes > > (https://ift.tt/3jUby88) > > Overview: > > The 16s rRNA gene has become the standard marker for prokaryote > phylogenetic analysis, and combined with high-throughput sequencing > technologies it is widely used to infer the structure and > composition of microbial communities. Due to the continuous > improvements in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics tools, > there is a wide choice of methods for sequencing and analysing 16S > rRNA gene assemblies. This workshop is designed to give students the > necessary background and practical experience of the strategies for > the analysis of the diversity and structure of prokaryote > communities, covering i) experimental design and primer choices; ii) > wet-lab and library preparation options; iii) sequence quality > control and analysis and iv) statistical analysis of microbial > community data. The many sequencing and analysis options will be > discussed, whereas a more in-depth tutorial using real sequence data > will provide an opportunity for the student to practice 16S rRNA > sequence analysis from raw sequence files to ecological > interpretation. Course material, such as presentation slides and > necessary model data, will be provided to the students. > > Targeted audience and assumed background: > > This workshop is intended for students and researchers interested in > microbial ecology but who are not yet very familiar with the > techniques involved.Choosing the appropriate primers, library > preparation kits, sequencing methodologies and bioinformatics > pipelines can be quite daunting to the uninitiated. This workshop > will allow researchers interested more confidence in their > methodology and analyses choices.The target audience include > students of animal or plant microbiomes as well as those studying > environmental microbial communities. It is assumed that the workshop > attendees are interested in performing 16S rRNA metabarcoding using > the Illumina MiSeq platform, although other sequencing technologies > will be discussed during the workshop. > > Knowledge of Linuxand R or familiarity with working in the command > line will be helpful, but for those new to the area detailed > instructions will allowstudents to follow the workshop. Students > will need to have a computer running either onLinux or a Linux > virtual machine running on MacOX/Windows computers. Contact the > instructor at [email protected] if in doubt about computational > requirements. > > Where: > > Seminar room at Molecular Parasitology, Humboldt-Universitat zu > Berlin, Philippstr. 13, Haus 14, 10115 Berlin > > Workshop structure: > > The workshop will consist of both lectures and practical classes. > Background information will be provided to help workshop attendees > choose the appropriate experimental design, primers, sequencing > library preparation kits and to contextualise the bioinformatics and > statistical analysis methods. Practical tutorials will be conducted > on a step-by-step basis to guide the student from when receiving > data from a sequence provider to obtaining plots and tables > describing microbial community diversity, structure and > relationships to environmental variables or host data. > > Session contents: > > https://ift.tt/3tpusH2 > > Session 1: the 16S rRNA gene > > Session 2: sequencing experimental design and initial hands-on > exercises > > Session 3:library preparation for MiSeq sequencing > > Session 4: practical session on sequence analysis pipelines > > Session 5: mothur tutorial > > Session 6: alternative tutorial combining USEARCH and mothur > > Session 7: QIIME and Ninja OPS > > Session 8: using statistical tools provided in mothur and QIIME > > Session 9: other analysis tools in R and Linux > > Optional session 10: wrap up and questions > > Further information: > > The cost is 430 euros (VAT included) including refreshments and > course materials. We also offer an all-inclusive package at 695 > euros(VAT included), including breakfast, lunch, dinner, > refreshments, accommodation, course and transfer from/to the main > city's airports. > > Application deadline March3^rd, 2017. > > Please feel free to contact us if you need any further information. > > Other relevant courses offered by Physalia-courses: > > 1) Introduction to Python for biologists. 5-9 December > 2016. https://ift.tt/3tr7DCU > > 2) GIS analysis with QGIS. 6-10 February > 2017.https://ift.tt/3l4Lu9T > > 3) Eukaryotic-metabarcoding. 20-24 February > 2017. https://ift.tt/3zWNgzT > > 4) Scientific Writing: organization and motivation booster. 28-29 > March 2017. https://ift.tt/2YHj3Ht > > -- > > Physalia-courses > > [email protected] > https://ift.tt/2Vmhe1n > > @physacourses > > -- > > Carlo Pecoraro, Ph.D > > Physalia-courses Coordinator > [email protected] > https://ift.tt/2Vmhe1n > > Twitter: @physacourses > mobile: +49 15771084054 > Skype: carlo_pecoraro > > Carlo Pecoraro > via IFTTT

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napoleonic-sexyman-tournament · 4 months

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With two days left to submit nominees, here is where the list stands:

France:

Jean Lannes

Josephine de Beauharnais

Thérésa Tallien

Jean-Andoche Junot

Joseph Fouché

Charles Maurice de Talleyrand

Joachim Murat

Michel Ney

Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte (Charles XIV of Sweden)

Louis-Francois Lejeune

Pierre Jacques Étienne Cambrinne

Napoleon I

Marshal Louis-Gabriel Suchet

Jacques de Trobriand

Jean de dieu soult.

François-Étienne-Christophe Kellermann

Louis Davout

Pauline Bonaparte, Duchess of Guastalla

Eugène de Beauharnais

Jean-Baptiste Bessières

Antoine-Jean Gros

Jérôme Bonaparte

Andrea Masséna

Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle

Germaine de Staël

Thomas-Alexandre Dumas

René de Traviere (The Purple Mask)

Claude Victor Perrin

Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr

François Joseph Lefebvre

Major Andre Cotard (Hornblower Series)

Edouard Mortier

Hippolyte Charles

Nicolas Charles Oudinot

Emmanuel de Grouchy

Pierre-Charles Villeneuve

Géraud Duroc

Georges Pontmercy (Les Mis)

Auguste Frédéric Louis Viesse de Marmont

Juliette Récamier

Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey

Louis-Alexandre Berthier

Étienne Jacques-Joseph-Alexandre Macdonald

Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier

Catherine Dominique de Pérignon

England:

Richard Sharpe (The Sharpe Series)

Tom Pullings (Master and Commander)

Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington

Jonathan Strange (Jonathan Strange & Mr. Norrell)

Captain Jack Aubrey (Aubrey/Maturin books)

Horatio Hornblower (the Hornblower Books)

William Laurence (The Temeraire Series)

Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey

Beau Brummell

Emma, Lady Hamilton

Benjamin Bathurst

Horatio Nelson

Admiral Edward Pellew

Sir Philip Bowes Vere Broke

Sidney Smith

Percy Smythe, 6th Viscount Strangford

George IV

Capt. Anthony Trumbull (The Pride and the Passion)

Barbara Childe (An Infamous Army)

Doctor Maturin (Aubrey/Maturin books)

Scotland:

Thomas Cochrane

Colquhoun Grant

Austria:

Klemens von Metternich

Friedrich Bianchi, Duke of Casalanza

Franz I/II

Archduke Karl

Marie Louise

Franz Grillparzer

Wilhelmine von Biron

Poland:

Wincenty Krasiński

Józef Antoni Poniatowski

Józef Zajączek

Maria Walewska

Władysław Franciszek Jabłonowski

Adam Jerzy Czartoryski

Antoni Amilkar Kosiński

Zofia Czartoryska-Zamoyska

Stanislaw Kurcyusz

Russia:

Alexander I Pavlovich

Alexander Andreevich Durov

Prince Andrei (War and Peace)

Pyotr Bagration

Mikhail Miloradovich

Levin August von Bennigsen

Pavel Stroganov

Empress Elizabeth Alexeievna

Karl Wilhelm von Toll

Dmitri Kuruta

Alexander Alexeevich Tuchkov

Barclay de Tolly

Fyodor Grigorevich Gogel

Ekaterina Pavlovna Bagration

Prussia:

Louise von Mecklenburg-Strelitz

Gebard von Blücher

Carl von Clausewitz

Frederick William III

Gerhard von Scharnhorst

Louis Ferdinand of Prussia

Friederike of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

Alexander von Humboldt

Dorothea von Biron

The Netherlands:

Ida St Elme

Wiliam, Prince of Orange

The Papal States:

Pius VII

Portugal:

João Severiano Maciel da Costa

Spain:

Juan Martín Díez

José de Palafox

Inês Bilbatua (Goya's Ghosts)

Haiti:

Alexandre Pétion

Sardinia:

Vittorio Emanuele I

Denmark:

Frederik VI

Sweden:

Gustav IV Adolph

#napoleonic sexyman tournament #don't see your fav? go nominate them

11 notes · View notes

francepittoresque · 3 years

Photo

23 juin 1802 : ascension du Chimborazo par Humboldt et Bonpland, « hommes les plus hauts du monde » ➽ https://j.mp/3uXAdfj Dans le cadre d’une expédition scientifique entamée en 1799, l’explorateur allemand Alexandre de Humboldt, accompagné de son ami le botaniste français Aimé Bonpland, tentent la première ascension du Chimborazo, volcan d’Équateur culminant à plus de 6000 mètres

2 notes · View notes

eacbooks · 4 years

Photo

Tableaux Historiques de L'Asie: Depuis La Monarchie de Cyrus Jusqu'a Nos Jours. Ouvrage Dedie a M.M. Guillaume et Alexandre de Humboldt

https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=30750267994&searchurl=sortby%3D0%26vci%3D65071755&cm_sp=snippet-_-srp1-_-title2

#Tableaux Historiques de L'Asie 1824 #Julius Heinrich Klaproth #Julius Von Klaproth

0 notes

alexandrehumboldt · 5 years

Text

Une aventure commencee en Prusse. Alexander est né au château de Tegel près de Berlin.

Un enfant passionné de botanique.

#alexander von humboldt #alexandre de humboldt #enfance #tegel

1 note · View note

nemesisbinxartifactseries · 5 years

Text

Artifact Series A

A Christmas Story Leg Lamp (canon)

A Dictionary of the English Language by Samuel Johnson

A.A. Milne's Honey Dipper

ABBA's Champagne Glasses

AFV Video Screen

A.J. Hackett's Bungee Cord

ATLAS Android Test Subject

Aaron's Rod

Aaron's Staff

Aaron Anderson’s Oars

Aaron Swartz's Computer Mouse

Abby Normal's Brain *

Abd Al-Rahman Al-Gillani's Walking Stick

Abebe Bikila's Jersey

Abigail Williams' Pendent

Abing's Erhu

Abraham's Sapphire

Abraham Lincoln's Top Hat *

Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy Chart

Abraham Suydam's Golden Pocketwatch

Abraham Ulrikib's Caribou Pelt

Absorbent Photo Album and Camera

Abu al-Qasim's Bellows

Abu al-Qasim's Forceps

Abu Hurairah's Tombstone

Achilles' Arrow *

Accordion from Kunstkamera

Acme Police Whistle

Ada Lovelace's Dress

Adad-nirari I’s Axe Blade

Adam Lanza's Gun

Adam Rainer's Measuring Tape

Adam Sandler's Idea Pad

Adelard of Bath’s Abacus

Adolf Eichmann's Eagle Insignia Badge

Adolf Frederick's Silver Cutlery Set

Adolf Hitler's Colored Pencils

Adolf Hitler's Microphone *

Adolf Slaby's Snuff Box

Adolphe Chaillet's "Shelby" Bulbs *

Adolphe Dugleres' Menu

Adrian Hill's Sketchpad

Aegean Sails

Aegicoros' Goblet

Aesop's Cloak

Aesop's Grapevine

Aesop's Pendant

Aesop’s Rope

Aeschylus' Turtle Shell

African Ngil Fang Mask *

African Tribal Elephant Tusk *

African Witch Doctor's Staff

Agamemnon's Mycenaean Bronze Sword

Agatha Christie's Car

Agatha Christie's Typewriter *

Agatha Christie's Wedding Ring

Agathodaemon's Natron

Agent Aden Taylor's God-Tier Clock

Agent Aden Taylor's God Tier Outfit

Aggressive Metal Lunchbox

Agnodice’s Tunic

Aguara's Carob

Ahmad Shah Durrani's Pesh-Kabz

Ahmose I’s Armband

Aileen Wuornos' Black Ledger

Aimée Crocker's Hat and Fur Stole

Air from the Great Stink of 1858

Air Raid Siren from Pearl Harbor

Air-Raid Skeet Thrower

Airbrushes from Disney Studios *

Akbar the Great's Water Container

Akira Kurosawa's Mao Hat

Akira Toriyama's Original Pen

Aki Ra’s Landmine Casings

Alain Robert’s Bag of Chalk

Albert Fish's Whip of Nails

Al Capone's Fedora

Al Capone's Machine Guns *

Al Smith's 1928 Campaign Badges

Aladdin's Lamp

Alan Hale Jr.'s Skipper Hat

Alan Seeger's Helmet

Alan Turing's Typewriter

Alan Wake's Flashlight

Alarm Clock

Albert Abrams’ Vials

Albert Anastasia's Barber Shop Chair

Albert Bandura's Bobo Doll

Albert Butz's Glasses *

Albert Camus' Coffee Cup

Albert Einstein's Bridge Device *

Albert Einstein's Chalk

Albert Einstein's Comb *

Albert Stevens’ Paintbrush

Albert Tirrell’s Razor

Alberto Burri's Sacking and Red

Albertus Magnus' Quill Pen

Alboin’s Skull Cup

Albrecht Dürer's Rhinoceros Horn

Self-portrait at 26" href="/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer%27s_%27%27Self-portrait_at_26%27%27">Albrecht Dürer's Self-portrait at 26 *

Alchemist's Curse

Alcmaeon of Croton's Ring

Aldrich Ames' Chalk

Aldus Manutius’ Vellum

Aleijadinho’s Palanquin

Aleister Crowley's Ruby Studded Universal Hexagram Necklace *

Alejandro Jodorowsky’s Keisaku

Tetris" href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Serebrov%27s_Nintendo_Game_Boy_%26_Copy_of_%27%27Tetris%27%27">Aleksandr Serebrov's Nintendo Game Boy & Copy of Tetris

Alessandro Volta's Biscuit Bin *

Alessandro Volta's Lab Coat and Goggles *

Alethiometer

Alex Mercer's Jacket

Alex Sander's Scourge

Alexander of Abonoteichus' Grimorie

Alexander Alekhine's Chess Set *

Alexander Bain's Fax Machine

Alexander Calder's First Mobile

Alexander D'Agapeyeff's Telegraph

Alexander Fleming's Beaker

Alexander Graham Bell's Telephone Wire

Alexander the Great's Bronze Breastplate

Alexander the Great's Xyston

Alexander of Greece's Pocket Watch

Alexander Grey's Owl Pendant

Alexander Hamilton's & Aaron Burr's Dueling Pistols

Alexander Herrmann's Gold Watch

Alexander Hermann's Mustache Scissors *

Alexander Keith Jr’s Barrel

Alexander Litvinenko's Tea Pot

Alexander Morison's Top Hat

Alexander Polyhistor's Animal Fiber Sponge

Alexander Steinert's Grand Piano

Alexander von Humboldt's Fern

Alexander Wilson's Falconry Glove

Alexandre Étienne Choron’s Menu

Alexey Leonov's Near the Moon

Alexis Soyer's Cutting Board

Alexis St. Martin's Musket Powder

Al-Farabi's Shahrud

Alfred Adler’s Coat Rack

Alfred Dreyfus' Sword Hilt *

Alfred George Hinds' Prison Uniform

Alfréd Hajós' Measuring Tape

Alfred Hitchcock's Metal Pinwheel (canon)

Alfred Kinsey's Abacus

Alfred, Lord Tennyson's Bronze Statue of Chiron

Alfred's Monarch Ice Skates

Alfred Nobel's Box Detonator

Alfred Nobel's Curtains

Alfred Packer's Gold

Alfred Snoxall's Lee-Enfield Rifle

Alfred N. Stevenson's Military Helmet

Alfred Stieglitz's Tripod

Alfred Watkin’s Theodolite

Alfred Wegener's Parka

Algie the Pig

Al Herpin's Rocking Chair

Al Hirschfeld’s Chair and Lamp

Ali Asghar Borujerdi's Prayer Beads

Alice Manfield’s Trekking Pole

Alice Bailey's Necklace

Alice's Crown

Alice Stebbins Wells’ Police Badge

Alien's Device Prop

Allan Pinkerton's Briefcase

Allan W. E. Jones' Underwear

Alleyway from Kowloon Walled City

Alliance Tenna-Scope TV Signal Booster

All Hallow's Eve Pumpkin

Alphonse Bertillon's Shaving Mirror

Alphonse Cahagnet's Magnets

Alpine Brandy Rescue Cask *

Aloysius 'Alois' Alzheimer's Eye Glasses

Alpharts Tod's Hauberk

Altaïr's Hidden Blade

Aluminum Bluthner Piano *

Álvaro Obregón's Right Arm

Alvin C. Graves' Tie

Alvin C. York's .45 Colt Automatic Pistol

Alvin C. York's Medal

Alvin Straight’s Riding Lawn Mower

Alyattes of Lydia's Electrum Coins

Amanda Palmer's Ukulele

Amanda Todd's Flashcards

Amasa Coleman Lee's Porch Swing

Amaterasu's Yasakani no Magatama

Amazon Fish Tank *

The Amber Room

Amber Sphere *

Amber Spyglass

Ambrose Bierce's Skull

Ambrose Burnside's Jacket

Amelia Earhart's Goggles

Amelia Earhart's Lockheed Vega 5B

Amenemhat III’s Pyramidion

Amenemhat III's Sistrum

Amenemhat IV’s Sphinx

"American Idiot" Stage Set

Amerigo Vespucci's Armor Plate

Amityville House Windows

Ammunition from the USS Maine

Amphion's Lyre

Amulet of Hapi

Amy Lowell's Cigar

Amy Winehouse's Microphone

An Zhengwen's Brush

Anasazi Rope

Anatoly Onoprienko's Sawed off Shotgun

Anatomical Model

Anaxagoras' Krater

Anaximander's Sundial

André the Giant's Wrestling Singlet

André Citroën's Double Helical Gear

André de Toth’s 3-D Glasses

Andre Devigny's Bedding and Lantern

André Devigny Spoon

André-Marie Ampère’s Notebook

André Martinet's Phonograph

Andrea Aguyar’s Lasso

Andrea del Verrocchio's Workshop

Andreas Mihavecz’s Prison Cell

Andreas Vesalius' Watering Can

Andrew Borden's Couch

Andy Dufresne’s Rock Hammer

Andrew Jackson's Keg of Ale

Andrew Wyeth's Christina's World

Andy Kaufman's Bowl & Spoon

Andy Kaufman's Sunglasses

Andy Lambros' Fishing Pole

Andy the Clown’s Costume

Andy Warhol's Campbell's Soup Cans

Andy Warhol's Concept Dress Mannequin

Andy Warhol's Hairbrush

Andy Warhol's Marilyn Diptych

Anfo Merc's Electric Guitar and Battery Amplifier

Angela Cavallo's Car Fender

Angelo Faticoni's Chair

Angelo Moriondo’s Espresso Machine

Angelo Siciliano's Workout Trunks *

Angel Wings from the Pulse Funeral

Angkor Wat Piece of Vishnu

Ankou's Horseshoe

Angry Birdcage *

Animatronic Presidents from the "Hall of Presidents" in Walt Disney World

Anita King’s Lighter

Ann Corio's Bra

Ann Faraday's Jacket

Anna Baker's Wedding Dress

Anna Bertha Ludwig's Wedding Ring

Anna de Coligny's Crown

Anna Pavlova's Swan-Feather Fan

Annabelle Doll

Anne Boleyn's Pearl Necklace and Ornate B

Anne Bonny's Cutlass *

Anne Frank's Diary and Ribbon Bookmark

Anne Greene's Noose

Anne Sullivan’s Doll

Annette Funicello's Beach Ball *

Annie Edson Taylor's Barrel *

Annie Fox's Purple Heart

Annie Oakley’s Bonnet

Ansel Adams' Camera

Antarctic Whaling Station Camp

Anthony Bishop's Manuscript *

Anthony Salerno's Fedora *

Anthony Spilotro's Casino Tokens

Anthony Stewart/Rupert Giles' Glasses

Anti-Boarding Netting from the Mary Rose

Antique Candy Box

Antoine Lavosier's Candle

Antoine Lavosier's Microscope

Anton Aicher's Marionette Handle

Anton Chekov’s Pince-Nez's

Antoni Gaudí’s Chisel and Trencadís

Antonietta Dell'Era's Ballet Slippers

Antonio Stradivari's Violin Strings *

Antonio Vivaldi’s Aspergillum

Anton Praetorius' Hynm Book

Anubis Canopic Jar

Anubis Shrine Pyramid *

Anuket's Necklace

Aphrodite's Ankle Bracelet

Aphrodite's Girdle *

Aphrodite's Hairbrush

Apple of Discord

Apollo 11 Lunar Landing Hoax Set *

Apollo 11 Moon Rock *

Apollo 13 Command Module

Apollo 15 Geologic Hammer and Falcon Feather

Apollonius of Tyana's Amulet

Apollo of Veii's Arms

Apollo’s and Artemis’ Bows

Apollo's Sandals

Apophis Statuette

Apsley Cherry-Garrard’s Goggles

Aquilas from the Battle of Teutoburg Forest

Arachne's Loom

Arceus' Plates

Archibald McIndoe's Saline Bathtub

Archibald Spooner's Cloak

Archilochus' Aulos

Archimedes's Bathtub

Arc Light from the Iroquois Theater

Ares' Gauntlets

Aretha Franklin's Spotlight

The Argo

Ariadne's Ball of Thread

Aristotle's Lyre

Aron Ralston’s Pocketknife

Artemisia II of Caria's Chalice

Armand David's Glasses & Zucchetto

Armand Guillaumin's Soleil couchant à Ivry

Armando Socarras Ramirez's Shirt

Arne Larsson's Pacemaker

Arrow of Alan Gua

Arrow of Time

Artemis' Cloak Pin

Arthur Aitken's Pith Helmet

Arthur Aston's Wooden Leg

Arthur Blessitt’s Cross

Arthur C. Clarke's Telescope

Arthur Claude Darby's Rope

Arthur Conan Doyle's Disintegration Machine

Arthur Conan Doyle's Fairy Notebook

Arthur Conan Doyle's Pipe

Arthur Edward Waite's Tarot Deck

Arthur Evans' Magnifying Glass

Arthur Galston's Soil Knife

Arthur Rostron’s Loving Cup

Arthur Stace’s Chalk

Arthur Wellesley's Boots

Arthur Wynne's Journal

Arthur Zimmermann's Ticker-tape Machine

Artie Moore's Headphones

Artie Shaw's Clarinet *

Asclepius' Offering Bowl

Ash Williams’ Double-Barrel "Boomstick"

Ashes from the 1925 Madame Tussaud Fire

Ashley Revell's Tuxedo

Ashurbanipal's Crown

Ashoka's Hell

Ashoka's Pillars

Assorted Herbs (Parsley, Sage, Rosemary, and Thyme)

Asphyxiating Blackboard Erasers

Atalanta's Spear

Æthelred the Unready's Crown

Athena's Owl Pendant

Athena Parthenos

Athena's Aegis

Athena’s Breastplate

Athens Caryatid

Atlanta Ripper's Balaclava

Atlantean Crystal Pendant

Atlas' Globe

Atomic Bombs from The Dayton Project

Atticus Finch's Pocketwatch

Attila the Hun's Battle Helmet (canon)

Attila the Hun's Swaddling Blanket *

Audio-Healing Tuning Fork *

August Bier’s Needle

August Musger's Projector

August Natterer's Bible

Auguste Escoffier’s Tasting Spoons

Auguste Piccard's Gondola

Auguste Renoir's Young Girls at the Piano *

Auguste Rodin's Hammer and Chisel *

Auguste Rodin's Gateway to Hell

Auguste Rodin’s The Kiss

Auguste Rodin's Rasp

Augustina de Aragon's Cannon

Augustin-Jean Fresnel's Magnifying Glass *

Augustin Pyramus de Candolle’s Touch-Me-Not Plant

Augustus Saint-Gaudens’ Double Eagle Gold Coin

Aung San's Pinhole Camera

Aurora's Torch

Australian Boomerang

Automatic Trash-Disposal Waste Bin

Automatic Vaccum *

Autumn Leaves

Avatar Relics from The Last Airbender

Axe Ring

Axel Erlandson's Sycamore Seeds

Axeman of New Orleans' Phonograph

Ayrton Senna's Race Suit

Azletar (by technicality)

Aztec Bloodstone *

0 notes