Practice English
Learn about the Sacco & Vanzetti trial.
— Read on www.mass.gov/info-details/sacco-vanzetti-the-trial
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Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti died in the electric chair on August 23, 1927. They were accused of killing two men during an armed robbery.
The trial and subsequent appeals attracted enormous interest internationally, and generated vehement protests. Sacco and Vanzetti were considered to be victims of prejudice against immigrants, Italians, Catholics, and anarchists. John Dos Passos, Dorothy Parker, Edna St. Vincent Millay, George Bernard Shaw, and Albert Einstein were among those who wrote about the case or signed petitions.
The photo above shows a demonstration in Union Square on the day of the men's execution.
Photo: Everett via Fine Art America
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Memorial mural of Nicola Sacco & Bartolomeo Vanzetti, Italian-born anarchists who were executed on the 23rd of August, 1927.
Sacco and Vanzetti were falsely convicted of murder during a robbery they did not commit. Despite one of the largest solidarity campaigns in world history, the men were nonetheless executed simply for their conviction as anarchists.
Both men had made their way to America from Italy. Vanzetti worked as a fishmonger, Sacco was a skilled shoe-maker. Both were unionists, Sacco had been arrested for organising and participating in factory strikes. Despite his radical politics, Saccos boss believed he was such an upstanding man he trusted the anarchist with keys to the factory, and publicly defended the anarchist after his arrest.
The evidence of their innocence was overwhelming. Twelve of Vanzetti's customers testified that he was delivering fish to them at the time of the crime. An official at the Italian consulate in Boston testified that Sacco was there organising a passport at the time of the crime. On top of the facts, a man came forward and confessed to the murder. He was not arrested.
The jury had been hand picked from local members of the Masons and conservative organisations. Before the trial had even begun, the foreman of the Jury, Walter Ripley said “damn them! They ought to hang anyway.”
The judge, Webster Thayer, speaking of Vanzetti said “"This man, although he may not have actually committed the crime attributed to him, is nevertheless morally culpable, because he is the enemy of our existing institutions." A few days after the death sentence was handed down the judge gloated to a friend “"Did you see what I did to those anarchist bastards?"
The international solidarity campaign was incredible. In the UK, the campaign was led by philosopher Bertrand Russel. Even the former Prime Minister Ramsay McDonald expressed his disgust at the case. In the US, socialists and labour leaders like James Cannon and Eugene Debs were major figures in the campaign. Even the conservative AFL-CIO, the major trade union body in the United States supported Sacco and Vanzetti. Hundreds of thousands of workers attended public meetings to hear about the case. Often these were broken up by police, and hundreds more workers ended up in jail just for supporting the campaign. In Argentina direct actions by anarchists were undertaken against the US embassy, and the anarcho-syndicalist FORA organised large demonstrations in support of the anarchists. Despite all the public pressure, tragically appeal after appeal was rejected. Finally on 23rd of August, 1927 the anarchists were executed by the electric chair.
After the anarchists met their deaths there was an explosion of outrage across the world. The US embassy in Paris was surrounded by tanks to protect it from an angry crowd of protestors. A riot in London resulted in 40 injuries, the US Consulate in Geneva was surrounded by a 5,000 strong crowd, while huge crowds wearing black armbands marched in Boston and New York.
The brave pair met their deaths with honour. They were aware that the struggle for their freedom had inspired hundreds of thousands around the world. As Vanzetti said “If it had not been for these things… i might have died unmarked, unknown a failure. Now, we are not a failure… This is our triumph. Never in our full lives could we hope to do such work for tolerance, for justice, for man's understanding of man as we now do by accident. Our words - our lives - our pains, nothing! The taking of our lives - the lives of a good shoemaker and a poor fish-peddler - All! That last moment belongs to us.
That agony is our triumph!”
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Practice English
Sacco and Vanzetti – Wikipedia
— Read on en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti
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Dov’è il rispetto per la vita umana?
Dove sono il rispetto e l’ammirazione per la dignità e la bontà della natura umana?
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Bartolomeo Vanzetti (June 11, 1888 – August 23, 1927)
Nicola Sacco (April 22, 1891 – August 23, 1927)
«Remember, Dante, remember always these things; we are not criminals; they convicted us on a frame-up; they denied us a new trial; and if we will be executed after seven years, four months and seventeen days of unspeakable tortures and wrong, it is for what I have already told you; because we were for the poor and against the exploitation and oppression of the man by the man.» – Bartolomeo Vanzetti, from The Letters of Sacco and Vanzetti, Edited by Marion Denman Frankfurter and Gardner Jackson, The Viking Press / The Vanguard Press, New York, 1928-1930, p. 323
(image: Bartolomeo Vanzetti (left) and Nicola Sacco (right). National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.)
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La notte del 23 agosto 1927, dopo sette anni di estenuanti processi, i due migranti italiani Nicola Sacco e Bartolomeo Vanzetti vennero ammazzati sulla sedia elettrica a Dedham, nel Massachusetts.
La loro ingiusta esecuzione innescò rivolte popolari in varie città d'Europa.
Giusto 50 anni dopo, il 23 agosto del 1977, il governatore Michael Dukakis avrebbe assolto i due anarchici italiani dal crimine che gli era stato attribuito.
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Was just minding my business listening to assorted Wes Anderson soundtracks, now I’m crying bc of Joan Baez’s beautiful song for Sacco and Vanzetti:
Here’s to you, Nicola and Bart
Rest forever here in our hearts
The last and final moment is yours
That agony is your triumph.
For more on the tragedy of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti:
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