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rudrjobdesk · 2 years

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Coronavirus Update: भारत में तेजी से पैर पसार रहा कोरोना, जानिए 24 घंटों में कितने मामले आए

Image Source : REPRESENTATIVE PICTURE Corona Virus Highlights देश में पिछले 24 घंटों में 18,257 नए मामले सामने आए WHO ने इस नए वायरस को लेकर चेतावनी जारी की पश्चिमी अफ्रीका में मारबर्ग वायरस ने दी दस्तक Coronavirus Update: देश में कोरोना के मामले फिर से तेजी से पैर पसारने लगे हैं। पिछले कई दिनों संक्रम के मामले 15 हजार से ऊपर आ रहे हैं। मृतकों की संख्या में भी लगातर इजाफा हो रहा है। हालांकि…

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is-the-primate-vid-cute · 2 years

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Photos and text via Endangered Primate Foundation

It's true - lemurs and many other primates are adorable! And you've seen photos of people playing with these charming animals on social media, in movies and T.V. shows, even on greeting cards! Many primates are bred in captivity and exploited as unique pets, surrogate children, or status symbols. There are approximately 15,000 privately owned primates in the United States. They can be purchased through pet stores, newspaper and internet ads, and even at flea markets. A diverse array of species is found in the pet trade, from tiny marmosets to the most dangerous of all primates, chimpanzees.

Unfortunately, lemurs and other primates make terrible pets. All primates, including lemurs, are dangerous animals that can inflict serious and life-threatening injuries. They are wild animals, not domesticated, and their natural instincts remain very much intact even in captivity. Wild animals have sudden episodes of aggression that cannot be controlled or untrained. Upon sexual maturity, pet primates will begin attacking. Children are especially vulnerable since primates are naturally inclined to establish dominance hierarchies. It is inhumane to remove their teeth and even small primates can inflict significant injuries and transmit serious diseases. Many of the lemur residents at EPF's Prosimian Sanctuary have attacked humans, in some cases causing serious injury. EPF staff only have protected contact with the sanctuary residents - meaning there is always some kind of barrier between the lemurs and the staff - and receive extensive safety training. Protective equipment, specially-designed habitats and barriers, and husbandry protocols developed by primate experts all contribute to the safety of staff and residents.

Another reason that lemurs are pets to regret is that they pose a risk of disease. Nonhuman primates are our closest living relatives, thus many serious diseases can be transferred between human and non-human primates, including the common cold, influenza, internal parasites, measles, yellow fever, hepatitis, tuberculosis, herpes B virus, monkeypox, Ebola virus, Marburg virus, and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV, the nonhuman primate version of HIV). Some of these diseases can be fatal to humans. Illnesses that typically only cause minor symptoms in humans can be deadly to nonhuman primates. Preliminary research based on genetic markers suggests that lemurs may be susceptible to Covid-19 and potentially able to spread the virus to humans.

Many pet primates end up confiscated, abandoned, or euthanized after their owners are no longer able to handle the financial, legal, or physical burdens of caring for an active, intelligent, and frequently aggressive pet. There is tremendous demand for sanctuary space because so many private owners have learned the hard way that wild animals like lemurs do not belong in human environments. Other reputable sanctuaries either don’t accept prosimians or are at or near capacity. EPF's Prosimian Sanctuary is the only sanctuary in the US dedicated solely to providing behavioral rehabilitation and lifelong care for prosimians. Part of EPF's mission is to educate others on the dangers and risks of primate pet ownership to discourage this practice.

#lemur #ringtail lemur #primates are not pets #endangered primate foundation #images not described #read more #long post

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ozawa-torio · 1 year

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Wtf is virus Marburg and why does my health contains half of it alerts symptoms 🥲?!

🤮🤒🤧☠️☠️☠️

it's 39°C and I don't think it supposed to be like that. On break this week fanfic for reassure my health state 😷

Nathy will supervise my Tumblr when I'm gone, see ya.

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beardedmrbean · 2 years

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After the coronavirus pandemic and the rise of monkeypox cases, news of another virus can trigger nerves globally. The highly infectious Marburg virus has been reported in the West African country of Ghana this week, according to the World Health Organization.

Two unrelated people died after testing positive for Marburg in the southern Ashanti region of the country, the WHO said Sunday, confirming lab results from Ghana’s health service. The highly infectious disease is similar to Ebola and has no vaccine.

Health officials in the country say they are working to isolate close contacts and mitigate the spread of the virus, and the WHO is marshaling resources and sending specialists to the country.

“Health authorities have responded swiftly, getting a head start preparing for a possible outbreak. This is good because without immediate and decisive action, Marburg can easily get out of hand,” said the WHO’s regional director for Africa, Matshidiso Moeti.

Fatality rates from the disease can reach nearly 90 percent, according to the WHO.

Here’s what we know about the virus:

What is the Marburg virus?

Marburg is a rare but highly infectious viral hemorrhagic fever and is in the same family as Ebola, a better-known virus that has plagued West Africa for years.

The Marburg virus is a “genetically unique zoonotic … RNA virus of the filovirus family,” according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “The six species of Ebola virus are the only other known members of the filovirus family.”

Fatality rates range from 24 percent to 88 percent, according to the WHO, depending on the virus strain and quality of case management.

Marburg has probably been transmitted to people from African fruit bats as a result of prolonged exposure from people working in mines and caves that have Rousettus bat colonies. It is not an airborne disease.

Once someone is infected, the virus can spread easily between humans through direct contact with the bodily fluids of infected people such as blood, saliva or urine, as well as on surfaces and materials. Relatives and health workers remain most vulnerable alongside patients, and bodies can remain contagious at burial.

The first cases of the virus were identified in Europe in 1967. Two large outbreaks in Marburg and Frankfurt in Germany, and in Belgrade, Serbia, led to the initial recognition of the disease. At least seven deaths were reported in that outbreak, with the first people infected having been exposed to Ugandan imported African green monkeys or their tissue while conducting lab research, the CDC said. Nearly 800,000 doses of monkeypox vaccine may be in U.S. by end of July

Where has Marburg been detected?

The Ghana cases are only the second time Marburg has been detected in West Africa. The first reported case in the region was in Guinea last year. The virus can spread quickly. More than 90 contacts, including health workers and community members, are being monitored in Ghana. The WHO said it has also reached out to neighboring high-risk countries to put them on alert.

Cases of Marburg have previously been reported elsewhere in Africa, including in Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, South Africa and Zimbabwe. The largest outbreak killed more than 200 people in Angola in 2005.

The virus is not known to be native to other continents, such as North America, and the CDC says cases outside Africa are “infrequent.” In 2008, however, a Dutch woman died of Marburg disease after visiting Uganda. An American tourist also contracted the disease after a Uganda trip in 2008 but recovered. Both travelers had visited a well-known cave inhabited by fruit bats in a national park.

What are the symptoms?

The illness begins “abruptly,” according to the WHO, with a high fever, severe headache and malaise. Muscle aches and cramping pains are also common features.

In Ghana, the two unrelated individuals who died experienced symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, nausea and vomiting. One case was a 26-year-old man who checked into a hospital on June 26 and died a day later. The second was a 51-year-old man who went to a hospital on June 28 and died the same day, the WHO said.

In fatal cases, death usually occurs between eight and nine days after onset of the disease and is preceded by severe blood loss and hemorrhaging, and multi-organ dysfunction.

The CDC has also noted that around day five, a non-itchy rash on the chest, back or stomach may occur. Clinical diagnosis of Marburg “can be difficult,” it says, with many of the symptoms similar to other infectious diseases such as malaria or typhoid fever.

Can Marburg be treated?

There are no vaccines or antiviral treatments approved to treat the Marburg virus.

However, supportive care can improve survival rates such as rehydration with oral or intravenous fluids, maintaining oxygen levels, using drug therapies and treating specific symptoms as they arise. Some health experts say drugs similar to those used for Ebola could be effective.

Some “experimental treatments” for Marburg have been tested in animals but have never been tried in humans, the CDC said.

Virus samples collected from patients to study are an “extreme biohazard risk,” the WHO says, and laboratory testing should be conducted under “maximum biological containment conditions.” WHO warns covid ‘nowhere near over’ as variants spike in U.S., Europe

Anything else to know?

The WHO said this week it is supporting a “joint national investigative team” in Ghana and deploying its own experts to the country. It is also sending personal protective equipment, bolstering disease surveillance and tracing contacts in response to the handful of cases.

More details are likely to be shared at a WHO Africa online briefing scheduled for Thursday.

“It is a worry that the geographical range of this viral infection appears to have spread. This is a very serious infection with a high mortality rate,” international public health expert and professor Jimmy Whitworth of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine told The Washington Post on Monday.

“It is important to try to understand how the virus got into the human population to cause this outbreak and to stop any further cases. At present, the risk of spread of the outbreak outside of Ashanti region of Ghana is very low,” he added.

#nunyas news #yikes

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alterrune · 2 years

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Case File: The Blackjacks Plague

Smallpox Variola Chimera (commonly known as the Dollar Flu or The Blackjacks Plague) is a genetically engineered super-virus based on the disease Smallpox, which was also intentionally created with no functional vaccine or cure. This genetically augmented virus was manufactured by Justin and Nicholas, the delusional, genocidal environmentalists and leaders of The Blackjacks as a means of population control. 95% of the population is susceptible to the virus, but 5% are genetically immune. The disease was unleashed in New York City during a Black Friday by contaminated U.S. dollar bills with the virus being spread in several retail stores across Manhattan, most notably in Abel's Department Store.

The DNA of Variola Chimera was digitized to be infinitely mutable; intelligence findings indicate that Justin and Nicholas synthesized hundreds of variations seeking to create a strain with a 90 percent mortality rate. The virus itself can remain dormant for months in wounds on corpses or on various organic and synthetic surfaces, so contagion in an infected area can remain long after hosts have expired or been relocated.

The virus spreads in a method similar to the flu, entering the host body through the mouth, nose, ears, or eyes by droplets in the air or through manual contact with contaminated surfaces. It has a very high lethality rate and survivors are often left horribly scarred, and sometimes blind. The naturally occurring variant killed about 30 percent of those infected, although among children the rate was closer to 80 percent. The chimera variant is rumored to kill 90 percent of its victims across the board. Even if one survives the effects of the virus, many patients still fall victim to the failing infrastructure as society continues to collapse under the immense pressure of the pandemic.

Variola chimera has a seven-day incubation period during which the virus grows in the host's body, but no symptoms are visible. During this period, the infected person will usually look and feel normal and healthy, and cannot infect others . Once smallpox incubation ends, the host develops flu-like symptoms - fever, headache, overall discomfort, fatigue - and becomes highly contagious. No external signs yet indicate smallpox other than possible blisters forming in the mouth and throat.

After three days of these flu-like symptoms, rashes begin to appear over the host's body. The victim typically is bedridden at this point. Within another day or two, many of these lesions turn into small blisters full of clear fluid; eight to nine days later these turn into scabs that eventually fall off. This final phase is when most fatalities occur.

Noted by Dr. Vinschpinsilstien, the virus contains traces from six separate pathogens: Dengue, Ebola, H1N1, Hantavirus, Marburg and Swine Flu (itself a strain of H1N1). This made it obvious that this virus was not naturally occurring but artificially created. Also, The Blackjacks Plague is designed to survive for longer on non-organic surfaces such as the currency used to spread the disease much more effectively, as a Second Wave Division agent was able to recover still-contaminated currency from Abel's Department Store in the Garment District of Manhattan.

Due to the virus's ability to rapidly mutate, according to Dr. Vinschpinsilstien, it is nearly impossible for conventional drugs or antibodies to identify and exterminate the virus, let alone for a proper vaccine to the disease to be created. It also allows the virus to adapt to a diverse population range such as New York City. Also, it is revealed in Nicholas’s notes that he and Justin deliberately meant for the virus to have a mortality rate of 80-90%, allowing some of the human population to survive.

When people die of this virus, it is known as "cashing out" due to it being spread by money. The virus is also referred to as Dollar Pox, Money Pox, Wages of Sin, Buck Flu, Dollar Bug, Cash Pox, Small Bill and The Legal Tender.

A group of Blackjacks distributed the virus to the human population via infected dollar bills during the Black Friday shopping sales, ensuring a massive initial dispersion. Before people realized that it was a lethal epidemic, they believed it was just a particularly potent version of the annual flu season. When the threat of the pandemic became realized, special medical units and militaries were dispatched and attempted to stabilize the crisis. Unfortunately, efforts from all organizations proved to be inadequate. The quarantine zone in Central Manhattan, where the virus and the brunt of the ensuing anarchy originated, proved too much to handle, later becoming the Dark Zone, and the worst of the virus is currently contained there.

The infection eventually spread out from the United States of America, infecting 147 countries around the world in every continent, becoming classed as a global pandemic. This was due to the quick infection rate along with New York City being one of the country's biggest tourist destinations and international travel hubs. Thus before the whole of New York City was quarantined, infected persons had already traveled across the globe and this was likely part of Justin and Nicholas’s plan.

Believing in their volatile Darwinian delusions about radically “reducing the human population”, Justin and Nicholas engineered the virus using an industrial-grade protein printer. The Blackjacks Plague is an amalgamation of various lethal diseases. Not only are they mixed up together, Justin even genetically modified their incubation and infection rate, accelerating the infection rate. Owning up to their delusions, Justin and Nicholas accepted that if the virus or anyone decides to kill them, they will gladly "See everyone in Hell".

Welp. It's official. My brothers have gone full dipshit. They went power-mad faster than I thought they would.

(The door behind me opens, and Henry pops out of it.)

Hey, Kyle. Been trying to make an antidote with Reggie and RHM, like you said. I got good news and bad news, which would you like to hear first?

How about the good news?

An antidote for the virus your brothers caused IS possible to make. Incredibly dfficult, yes, but not at all impossible. In addition, we have all the materials we need to make said antidote on the Airship, Orbital Station and GEOGRAM bases.

Okay. What's the bad news, then?

The antidote will take an OBSCENELY long amount of time to make. It's not something that can be made in just a few minutes. It seems like your brothers are challenging us by packing all that nasty shit into a single conglomerate of disease. Then again, when have I ever backed down from a chalenge?

That's the spririt, Henry.

Wait, but didn't Dr. V say it was impossible to make a cure or vaccine for this virus?

Alter, she said it was nearly impossible to do those things. Meaning that there is still a chance.

Exactly. Currently, we're trying to mix up chemicals that have been used as cures or in vaccines for the diseases that Kyle's brothers mashed together to make what they did. I'll be honest, we're throwing ideas at the wall and seeing what sticks right now, but once we get a good combination of ingredients, we'll see if we can keep going with it.

Process of elimination. Good thinking, honey.

You know it sweetheart.

(Me and Alter spray the two with a water hose.)

Henry, less love-making, more antidote-making, please.

Alright, fine...

#altering the outcome #ask irl!alterrune #ask the ato cast #the colorstreak battalion

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miraridoctor · 2 months

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Introduction Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a severe and often fatal illness caused by the Marburg virus. It belongs to the family Filoviridae, which also includes the Ebola virus. MVD is characterized by a sudden onset of fever, headache, muscle ac... #Mirari #MirariDoctor #MirariColdPlasma #ColdPlasma

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bansalhospital · 8 months

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Viral Hemorrhagic Fever: Symptoms, Treatment, And Prevention

Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (VHFs) represent a group of severe and often life-threatening illnesses caused by a diverse range of viruses. These infections are characterised by their ability to cause widespread vascular damage, leading to uncontrolled bleeding and organ dysfunction.

VHFs, such as Ebola, Marburg, Lassa fever, and others, have garnered significant attention due to their potential to cause outbreaks with devastating consequences for individuals and communities.

This comprehensive guide delves into Viral Hemorrhagic fever, shedding light on its symptoms, available treatments, and crucial preventive measures to equip readers with the essential knowledge to combat these formidable diseases effectively.

Understanding Viral Hemorrhagic Fever

Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (VHFs) represent a group of severe and often life-threatening illnesses caused by a diverse range of viruses. These infections are characterised by their ability to cause widespread vascular damage, leading to uncontrolled bleeding and organ dysfunction.

These illnesses may appear minor, but if they are not appropriately treated, they can harm a person's internal organs and even result in death. VHFs damage various bodily organs and have been linked to shock, high fevers, and excessive bleeding (haemorrhage).

Causes Of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever

The main ways that VHFs spread are:

Contact with rodents, mosquitoes, and other animals and insects

Contact with a person who has the disease

Sharing needles/syringes for drugs or medication

Engaging in unprotected sexual activity

Body fluids such as blood, saliva, and other bodily fluids

Inhaling infected urine or faeces

Symptoms Of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever

The signs and symptoms of viral hemorrhagic fever might vary depending on the virus, but some of the frequent signs and symptoms that VHF patients report include

Body aches

Dizziness

Fatigue

Erratic heartbeat

High fever

Headache

Rashes

When the VHF is severe, the following symptoms may occur:

Breathing difficulties

Coma

Internal bleeding

Shock

Bleeding from the lips, ears, or eyes

Diagnosis Of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever

The primary purpose of medical examinations is to determine whether or not the patient has a viral fever. The blood sample determines the quantity of platelets, white blood cells (WBCs), and other components.

A urine sample may also measure the amount of uric acid or creatinine in the body. The risk that someone will experience a VHF increases if the specimens are irregular.

Treatment For Viral Hemorrhagic Fever

The treatment for viral hemorrhagic fever is insufficient. Most of the time, medications are given to lessen the effects of the elevated fever. Even so, it can take some time for the recuperation time to get better employing this method. Therefore, if a person is kept waiting in a hospital, it could result in their demise. Therefore, prevention is the best form of treatment for VHF.

Prevention Of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever

Since there is no set course of therapy for viral hemorrhagic fever, people must take precautions to protect themselves from it. Wearing a mask while entering polluted regions with poor sanitation and hygiene is one way to prevent viral hemorrhagic fever. Another is to avoid touching rodents, insects, or unclean stray animals with bare hands.

Wear hand gloves while handling bodily fluids like blood or saliva. Use mosquito-repellent creams to protect yourself from mosquitoes and ticks. Avoid direct contact with people who have recently travelled through polluted areas.

When Should I See A Doctor?

It is preferable to see a doctor if you have recently travelled to a populated area, city, or country and are having moderate symptoms like body aches, headaches, and rashes. Even if most VHF cases are minor, it is still best to seek a qualified physician's advice for an accurate diagnosis at a reputable multispecialty hospital.

The Final Say

Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (VHFs) represent a group of severe and often life-threatening illnesses caused by a diverse range of viruses. Although research is ongoing, there is currently no effective therapy for VHF; therefore, it is essential to protect oneself by donning gloves and a mask when entering populated areas and avoiding direct contact with any fluid or infected objects. Anyone who exhibits even minor VHF symptoms has to have a thorough physical examination.

About Bansal Hospital

Bansal Hospital is a multispeciality hospital and is one of the leading, reputable and reliable healthcare providers trusted by patients and their families across the region. It has all the major departments, including cardiology, neurology, oncology, orthopaedics, gastroenterology, urology, liver transplant, bone marrow transplantation, nephrology, gynaecology and more. The hospital is equipped with state-of-the-art facilities and technology and has a team of highly qualified and experienced doctors and medical staff who provide round-the-clock care to the patient.

Visit Our Website

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thebrokencrescent-blog · 10 months

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📆 July 2023 📰 Rare link between coronavirus vaccines and Long Covid–like illness starts to gain acceptance 🗞️ Science

But in recent months, what some call Long Vax has gained wider acceptance among doctors and scientists, and some are now working to better understand and treat its symptoms.

“You see one or two patients and you wonder if it’s a coincidence,” says Anne Louise Oaklander, a neurologist and researcher at Harvard Medical School. “But by the time you’ve seen 10, 20,” she continues, trailing off. “Where there’s smoke, there’s fire.”

Symptoms can include persistent headaches, severe fatigue, and abnormal heart rate and blood pressure. They appear hours, days, or weeks after vaccination and are difficult to study. But researchers and clinicians are increasingly finding some alignment with known medical conditions. One is small fiber neuropathy, a condition Oaklander studies, in which nerve damage can cause tingling or electric shock–like sensations, burning pain, and blood circulation problems. The second is a more nebulous syndrome, with symptoms sometimes triggered by small fiber neuropathy, called postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). It can involve muscle weakness, swings in heart rate and blood pressure, fatigue, and brain fog.

German Minister of Health Karl Lauterbach acknowledged in March that though rare, Long Covid–like symptoms after vaccination are a real phenomenon. He said his ministry was working to organize funding for studies, although none has been announced so far.

Science first wrote about these health concerns in January 2022, describing efforts by scientists at the National Institutes of Health to study and treat affected individuals. A study including 23 people was posted as a preprint in May 2022 but never published. Following Science’s story, almost 200 people contacted the journal sharing their postvaccination symptoms.

Research has since proceeded slowly. This is “a challenging outcome to monitor,” Tom Shimabukuro of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention told a government advisory committee in January. Still, more than two dozen case studies have accumulated describing POTS or small fiber neuropathy following a COVID-19 shot, regardless of the vaccine manufacturer.

An immune overreaction to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which COVID-19 vaccines use to induce protective antibodies, is one possible cause of these symptoms. One theory is that after vaccination some people generate another round of antibodies targeting the first. Those antibodies could function somewhat like spike itself: Spike targets a cell surface protein called the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, enabling the virus to enter cells. The rogue antibodies might also bind to ACE2, which helps regulate blood pressure and heart rate, says Bernhard Schieffer, a cardiologist at the University of Marburg. If those antibodies disrupt ACE2 signaling, that could cause the racing heart rates and blood pressure swings seen in POTS.

Small fiber neurons also have the ACE2 receptor on their surface, so in theory rogue antibodies could contribute to neuropathy. But Matthew Schelke, a neurologist at Columbia University who has treated small fiber neuropathy in both Long Covid and postvaccine patients, says pinning down a connection won’t be easy. Even when unusual antibodies turn up in someone’s blood, “it’s extremely difficult to know if any of these are pathogenic or if they are just bystanders,” he says. Other immune system components that fuel inflammation may also harm nerves, he notes.

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diseasecure · 11 months

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#Marburg virus. (End)

According to the International Health Organization (GAVI), Africans should avoid eating wild animal meat. Especially the tendency to eat raw meat must be abandoned. The WHO (World health organization) says anyone in Marburg virus outbreak areas should avoid contact with pigs. Men with the virus should use condoms for one year after the onset of symptoms or until their semen is twice negative for the virus. Those who arrange for the burial of the dead infected with the virus should also avoid public gatherings and contact with other people. In conclusion, health awareness and protection can be one of the best tools to prevent Marburg virus.

End.

(Note: This is a health awareness article only. Please, consult with a registered medical practitioner for any physical problem you may have.)

#knowledge #prevent #health #awareness #viruses #marburg

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rudrjobdesk · 2 years

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कोरोना के बाद चमगादड़ से फैलने वाले इस खतरनाक वायरस ने दी दस्तक, जानें लक्षण

Image Source : REPRESENTATIVE PICTURE Corona And Marburg Virus Highlights पश्चिमी अफ्रीका में मारबर्ग वायरस ने दी दस्तक, 2 की मौत WHO ने इस नए वायरस को लेकर चेतावनी जारी की भारत में बीते 24 घंटे में कोरोना के 18,840 नए मामले Corona And Marburg Virus: देश में कोरोना की रफ्तार एक बार फिर तेज होने लगी है और 24 घंटे में 18 हजार से ज्यादा मामले सामने आए हैं, वहीं दूसरी तरफ पश्चिमी अफ्रीका में नए…

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illbeingcom · 1 year

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Dive into the world of the Marburg virus, learn about its origins, how it spreads, and the best ways to protect yourself from this deadly pathogen. Table of ContentsIntroduction to Marburg VirusOrigins and History of Marburg VirusTransmission and Symptoms of Marburg VirusDiagnosis and Treatment of Marburg Virus DiseasePrevention and Control Measures for Marburg VirusMarburg Virus OutbreaksThe Future of Marburg Virus Research 1. Introduction to Marburg VirusThe Marburg virus is a rare but highly lethal pathogen in the same family as the Ebola virus. Both viruses are part of the Filoviridae family and cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. The Marburg virus has gained notoriety for its high fatality rates, reaching up to 90% in some outbreaks.In this article, we will explore the origins, transmission, diagnosis, and prevention of the Marburg virus, its impact on global health, and the ongoing research efforts to combat it. 2. Origins and History of Marburg VirusThe Discovery of the Marburg VirusThe Marburg virus was first identified in 1967 when simultaneous outbreaks occurred in the German cities of Marburg, Frankfurt, and Belgrade, Serbia (Source: CDC). These outbreaks were traced back to African green monkeys imported from Uganda for laboratory research. The virus comes from Marburg, where the first cases were reported. 3. Transmission and Symptoms of Marburg VirusTransmission of Marburg VirusThe Marburg virus is primarily transmitted through close contact with bodily fluids of infected individuals or animals, such as blood, secretions, organs, or other bodily fluids. Infections can also result from contact with contaminated surfaces or materials, such as needles or clothing. The natural reservoir of the virus is believed to be the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) (Source: WHO).Human-to-human transmission occurs through direct contact with the blood, secretions, organs, or other bodily fluids of an infected person, either living or dead. It can also spread through contact with surfaces or materials that have been contaminated with the virus.Symptoms of Marburg Virus InfectionThe incubation period for Marburg virus disease ranges from 2 to 21 days. Initial symptoms include fever, chills, headache, and muscle aches, similar to symptoms of other viral illnesses. As the disease progresses, symptoms may worsen and can include:Nausea and vomitingDiarrheaChest pain and coughStomach painSevere weight lossRashHemorrhagic symptoms, such as bleeding from the gums, nose, or internal organsIn severe cases, multiple organ failure and shock can occur, leading to death (Source: CDC). 4. Diagnosis and Treatment of Marburg Virus DiseaseDiagnosing Marburg Virus DiseaseDiagnosing Marburg virus disease can be challenging, especially in the early stages, due to the similarity of its symptoms to other infectious diseases. Laboratory tests, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and virus isolation is used to confirm the presence of the Marburg virus in a patient's blood or tissues (Source: WHO).Treatment of Marburg Virus DiseaseThere is currently no specific antiviral treatment for Marburg virus disease. Patients receive supportive care to help manage symptoms and maintain vital organ function. This may include:Fluid and electrolyte replacementOxygen therapyBlood transfusionsTreatment of secondary infectionsPain relief medicationsThe earlier the patient receives supportive care, the better their chances of survival (Source: WHO). 5. Prevention and Control Measures for Marburg VirusPreventing Marburg Virus InfectionPreventing Marburg virus infection involves reducing the risk of exposure to the virus and implementing control measures in healthcare settings. Some steps to reduce the risk of disease include:Avoiding contact with bats or non-human primates, as well as their habitats and bodily fluidsPracticing proper hand hygiene and using personal protective equipment when

caring for infected individualsSafely handling and disposing of needles, sharps, and other medical wasteConducting safe burial practices for deceased individuals with suspected or confirmed Marburg virus diseaseControl Measures in Healthcare SettingsHealthcare settings play a crucial role in preventing and controlling Marburg virus outbreaks. Infection prevention and control measures include:Isolating patients with suspected or confirmed Marburg virus diseaseImplementing strict infection control measures, such as hand hygiene and wearing personal protective equipmentEnsuring proper sterilization and disposal of medical equipment and wasteMonitoring and managing healthcare workers who have had contact with Marburg virus patientsInternational organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), provide guidelines and support for countries affected by Marburg virus outbreaks. 6. Marburg Virus OutbreaksSince its discovery, several Marburg virus outbreaks have occurred, primarily in Africa. Notable outbreaks include:1998-2000: A large outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo resulted in 154 reported cases and 128 deaths (Source: CDC).2004-2005: An outbreak in Angola, considered the deadliest Marburg virus outbreak, led to 252 cases and 227 deaths, with a case fatality rate of approximately 90% (Source: WHO).2012: Uganda faced an outbreak with 15 cases and four deaths (Source: CDC).2014: A single case was reported in Uganda, which resulted in the death of the infected individual (Source: WHO).2017: Uganda experienced another outbreak with three confirmed cases and 1 death (Source: CDC).International organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and local health authorities, collaborate to respond to these outbreaks and implement control measures to limit their spread. 7. The Future of Marburg Virus ResearchResearchers are actively workingto develop new strategies to combat the Marburg virus, including vaccines and antiviral treatments. Several vaccine candidates are in different development and testing stages, with some showing promising results in animal studies and early-phase clinical trials (Source: NIH).In addition to vaccines, researchers are investigating antiviral treatments that target the Marburg virus directly or boost the immune system's response to the infection. One such experimental treatment, monoclonal antibody therapy, has shown promise in animal studies (Source: NIH).As more research is conducted, it is hoped that effective vaccines and treatments for Marburg virus disease will be developed, reducing the impact of this deadly pathogen on global health. ConclusionThe Marburg virus poses a significant threat to global health due to its high fatality rate and the potential for outbreaks. Understanding the virus's origins, transmission, and symptoms is crucial for preventing its spread and developing effective treatments. While there is currently no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine for Marburg virus disease, ongoing research efforts hold promise for the future. In the meantime, prevention and control measures, such as proper hygiene practices and infection control in healthcare settings, remain vital for minimizing the impact of Marburg virus outbreaks. Show our sources IMAGES PROVIDED BY:cdc bkc / Unsplash OUR SOURCES:CDC – Marburg Virus HistoryWHO – Marburg Virus DiseaseCDC – Marburg Virus SymptomsWHO – Marburg Virus Outbreak 2004-2005CDC – Marburg Virus Outbreak ChronologyWHO – Marburg Virus Outbreak 2014NIH – Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever Article Keywords:hemorrhagic fever, Filoviridae family, Ebola virus

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andronetalks · 1 year

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Marburg virus outbreak: CDC issues alert as 2 countries in Africa battle spread of deadly disease

CBS News BY ALEXANDER TIN APRIL 6, 2023 / 12:33 PM / CBS NEWS The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warned doctors Thursday to be aware of two growing outbreaks of Marburg virus disease in Africa, and will begin reaching out to some arriving travelers to the U.S. to watch for symptoms of the Ebola-like viral hemorrhagic fever. Read more…

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khartoumnews · 1 year

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xylophonetangerine · 1 year

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CDC to warn some travelers to watch for Marburg virus symptoms as it investigates outbreaks in Africa | CNN

#it's probably fine *dies of haemorrhagic fever*

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trendbuzzz · 1 year

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Marburg Virus Uncovered: Transmission, Symptoms & Prevention

Marburg virus, an uncommon but highly deadly illness, poses a substantial concern to public health due to its ability to cause severe hemorrhagic fever in both non-human animals and people. Originating from African fruit bats, this deadly virus has garnered notoriety for its high fatality rate and its close relation to the Ebola virus. Despite its infrequent occurrence, understanding Marburg…

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parttimereporter · 1 year

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The dreaded 'Marburg' virus should always have 'dreaded' as its adjective..And now the CDC is warning about a strain..

The globe can't take it!!

But here we are .. here we go.

While there are no dire warnings of global apocalypse--yet--it should be noted that Marburg is terrible and deadly when compared to COVID and other viruses that the world is seeing..

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is sending personnel to Africa to help stop outbreaks of Marburg virus disease and is urging travelers to certain countries to take precautions. The CDC is also taking steps to keep infections from spreading to the United States.

Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania are facing their first known outbreaks of Marburg virus, a viral fever with uncontrolled bleeding that’s a close cousin to Ebola. This week, the CDC urged travelers to both countries to avoid contact with sick people and to watch for symptoms for three weeks after leaving the area. Travelers to Equatorial Guinea should take enhanced precautions and avoid nonessential travel to the provinces where the outbreak is ongoing, the agency said.

#marburg virus #pandemic #health

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