#Fungal infections and drugs for treatment | Explore Tumblr Posts and Blogs

mariacallous · 8 months

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In February, a dermatologist in New York City contacted the state’s health department about two female patients, ages 28 and 47, who were not related but suffered from the same troubling problem. They had ringworm, a scaly, crusty, disfiguring rash covering large portions of their bodies. Ringworm sounds like a parasite, but it is caused by a fungus—and in both cases, the fungus was a species that had never been recorded in the US. It was also severely drug-resistant, requiring treatment with several types of antifungals for weeks. There was no indication where the patients might have acquired the infections; the older woman had visited Bangladesh the previous summer, but the younger one, who was pregnant and hadn’t traveled, must have picked it up in the city.

That seemed alarming—but in one of the largest and most mobile cities on the planet, weird medical things happen. The state reported the cases to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the New York doctors and some CDC staff wrote up an account for the CDC’s weekly journal.

Then, in March, some of those same CDC investigators reported that a fungus they had been tracking—Candida auris, an extremely drug-resistant yeast that invades health care facilities and kills two-thirds of the people infected with it—had risen to more than 10,000 cases since it was identified in the US in 2016, tripling in just two years. In April, the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services rushed to investigate cases of a fungal infection called blastomycosis centered on a paper mill, an outbreak that would grow to 118 people, the largest ever recorded. And in May, US and Mexican health authorities jointly rang an alarm over cases of meningitis, caused by the fungus Fusarium solani, which seemed to have spread to more than 150 clinic patients via contaminated anesthesia products. By mid-August, 12 people had died.

All of those outbreaks are different: in size, in pathogen, in location, and the people they affected. But what links them is that they were all caused by fungi—and to the small cadre of researchers who keep track of such things, that is worrisome. The experts share a sense, supported by incomplete data but also backed by hunch, that serious fungal infections are occurring more frequently, affecting more people, and also are becoming harder to treat.

“We don’t have good surveillance for fungal infections,” admits Tom Chiller, an infectious disease physician and chief of the CDC’s mycotic diseases branch. “So it’s hard to give a fully data-driven answer. But the feeling is definitely that there is an increase.”

The question is: Why? There may be multiple answers. More people are living longer with chronic illnesses, and their impaired immune systems make them vulnerable. But the problem isn’t only that fungal illnesses are more frequent; it is also that new pathogens are emerging and existing ones are claiming new territory. When experts try to imagine what could exert such widespread influence, they land on the possibility that the problem is climate change.

Fungi live in the environment; they affect us when they encounter us, but for many, their original homes are vegetation, decaying plant matter, and dirt. “Speculative as it is, it's entirely possible that if you have an environmental organism with a very specific ecological niche, out there in the world, you only need a very small change in the surface temperature or the air temperature to alter its niche and allow it to proliferate,” says Neil Stone, a physician and fungal infections lead at University College London Hospitals. “And it's that plausibility, and the lack of any alternative explanation, which makes it believable as a hypothesis.”

For this argument, C. auris is the leading piece of evidence. The rogue yeast was first identified in 2009 in a single patient in Japan, but within just a few years, it bloomed on several continents. Genetic analyses showed the organism had not spread from one continent to others, but emerged simultaneously on each. It also behaved strikingly differently from most yeasts, gaining the abilities to pass from person to person and to thrive on cool inorganic surfaces such as plastic and metal—while collecting an array of resistance factors that protect it from almost all antifungal drugs.

Arturo Casadevall, a physician and chair of molecular microbiology and immunology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, proposed more than a decade ago that the rise of mammals over dinosaurs was propelled by an inherent protection: Internally, we’re too hot. Most fungi flourish at 30 degrees Celsius or less, while our body temperature hovers between 36 and 37 degrees Celsius. (That’s from 96.8 to the familiar 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit.) So when an asteroid smashed into the Earth 65 million years ago, throwing up a cloud of pulverized vegetation and soil and the fungi those would have contained, the Earth’s dominant reptiles were vulnerable, but early mammals were not.

But Casadevall warned of a corollary possibility: If fungi increased their thermotolerance, learning to live at higher temperatures as the climate warms, mammals could lose that built-in protection—and he proposed that the weird success of C. auris might indicate it is the first fungal pathogen whose adaptation to warmth allowed it to find a new niche.

In the 14 years since it was first spotted, C. auris has invaded health care in dozens of countries. But in that time, other fungal infections have also surged. At the height of the Covid pandemic, India experienced tens of thousands of cases of mucormycosis, commonly called “black fungus,” which ate away at the faces and airways of people made vulnerable by having diabetes or taking steroids. In California, diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis (also called Valley fever) rose 800 percent between 2000 and 2018. And new species are affecting humans for the first time. In 2018, a team of researchers from the US and Canada identified four people, two from each country, who had been infected by a newly identified genus, Emergomyces. Two of the four died. (The fungus got its name because it is “emerging” into the human world.) Subsequently, a multinational team identified five species in that newly-named genus that are causing infections all over the world, most severely in Africa.

Fungi are on the move. Last April, a research group from the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis examined the expected geographic range in the US of what are usually called the “endemic fungi,” ones that flourish only within specific areas. Those are Valley fever in the dry Southwestern US; histoplasmosis in the damp Ohio River valley; and blastomycosis, with a range that stretched from the Great Lakes down the Mississippi to New Orleans, and as far east as the Virginia coast. Using Medicare data from more than 45 million seniors who sought health care between 2007 and 2016, the group discovered that the historically documented range of these fungi is wildly out of step with where they are actually causing infections now. Histoplasmosis, they found, had been diagnosed in at least one county in 94 percent of US states; blastomycosis, in 78 percent; and Valley fever in 69 percent.

That represents an extension of range so vast that it challenges the meaning of endemic—to the point that Patrick Mazi, an assistant professor of medicine and first author on the paper, urges clinicians to cease thinking of fungal infections as geographically determined, and focus on symptoms instead. “Let’s acknowledge that everything is dynamic and changing,” he says. “We should recognize that for the sake of our patients.”

Without taking detailed histories from those millions of patients, it can’t be proven where their infections originated. They could have been exposed within the fungi’s historic home ranges and then traveled; one analysis has correlated the occurrence of Valley fever in the upper Midwest with “snowbird” winter migration to the Southwest. But there is plenty of evidence for fungal pathogens moving to new areas, via animals and bats, and on winds and wildfire smoke as well.

However fungi are relocating, they appear to be adapting to their new homes, and changes in temperature and precipitation patterns may be part of that. Ten years ago, CDC and state investigators found people in eastern Washington state infected with Valley fever, and proved they had acquired it not while traveling, but locally—in a place long considered too cold and dry for that fungus to survive. A group based primarily at UC Berkeley has demonstrated that transmission of Valley fever in California is intimately linked to weather there—and that the growing pattern of extreme drought interrupted by erratic precipitation is increasing the disease’s spread. And other researchers have identified cases of a novel blastomycosis in Saskatchewan and Alberta, pushing the map of where that infection occurs further north and west.

The impact of climate change on complex phenomena is notoriously hard to prove—but researchers can now add some evidence to back up their intuition that fungi are adapting. In January, researchers at Duke University reported that when they raised the lab temperatures in which they were growing the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus deneoformans—the cause of a quarter-million cases of meningitis each year—the fungus’s rate of mutation revved into overdrive. That activated mobile elements in the fungus’s genome, known as transposons, allowing them to move around within its DNA and affect how its genes are regulated. The rate of mutation was five times higher in fungi raised at human body temperature than at an incubator temperature of 30 degrees Celsius—and when the investigators infected mice with the transformed fungi, the rate of mutation sped up even more.

Researchers who are paying attention to rising fungal problems make a final point about them: We’re not seeing more cases because we’ve gotten better at finding them. Tests and devices to detect fungi, especially within patients, haven’t undergone a sudden improvement. In fact, achieving better diagnostics was top of a list published by the World Health Organization last fall when it drew up its first ranking of “priority fungal pathogens” in hopes of guiding research.

Multiple studies have shown that patients can wait two to seven weeks to get an accurate diagnosis, even when they are infected with fungi endemic to where they live, which ought to be familiar to local physicians. So understanding that fungi are changing their behavior is really an opportunity to identify how many more people might be in danger than previously thought—and to get out in front of that risk. “Patients are being diagnosed out of traditional areas, and we are missing them,” Mazi says. “All of these are opportunities to achieve better outcomes.”

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work-of-waking-up · 1 year

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don't get me wrong, im enjoying the show for the most part, but why did you say it's not fantasy, it's real? literally like the first 5 minutes of the first episode proved how unrealistic it is when the science guy says there are no treatments/preventatives/cures for fungus. and then the lady in the second episode says the same thing

Alright I guess strap yourself in for this one. You’re gonna learn stuff you didn’t ask about. So, everything the guy says in the opening scene of the first episode is real except that there are no treatments. This was to demonstrate how the story straddles the line between fantasy and (a potential, far off, probably not as apocalyptic) reality. I keep seeing articles pop up all over, so I’m pretty sure most viewers are aware by now that this specific fungus, othiocordyceps, exists in real life. But we’ve also been reassured in those same articles that it can’t survive in human hosts, and if it ever were to it wouldn’t be anytime soon. Instead of humans, we see it in ants and the term “zombie ants” has become quite popular. It takes over the ant’s central nervous system, allowing it to alter the behavior of the ant for the benefit of the fungus, as far as growing and spreading, which is literally it’s only goal and purpose. It manipulates the ant into moving to a more humid and/or wet area which is more conducive for fungal growth. It then kills the ant, continues to grow within it, and eventually grows out of the ants head and ruptures, releasing spores. It’s terrifying but it hasn’t yet evolved to survive in humans. But it’s not impossible for it to, which is why I thought that intro was a smart move. Because then he offers a scenario in which it could be possible. It’s no longer a matter of opinion, but rather an undeniable fact that the earth is warming at an alarming and unprecedented rate. Glaciers melt and once thought to be extinct pathogens are released. Climate changes alter animal migration patterns, forcing them closer to humans, thus causing disease to jump from animal to human like so many already have. Deforestation causes viruses to look for new hosts. This change in the environment that is already happening, is changing all organisms. Look at candida auris.. a relatively new fungus that seemed to come out of nowhere. It inexplicably emerged independently on 3 different continents simultaneously and then quickly spread across the globe. There’s a theory that it’s the first fungal infection to come from climate change. It causes severe illness, is very invasive, and very treatment resistant.

So, back to the show. What the epidemiologist says about there being no treatment is something we know to be false. Antifungal medications exist, but there aren't many of them, especially when compared to the 100+ antibiotics currently in use, there are a much smaller number of approved antifungals. This is because fungus and humans are both eukaryotes (bacteria on the other hand are prokaryotes). Fungus is much more closely related to humans and share the same basic cell structure. Because we are so similar, it's harder to create drugs that target and damage fungus cells without also damaging human cells at the same time. Now what he says about there being no preventative or cure, what the woman in the second episode says about there being no vaccine, this is true. There is currently no approved vaccine for fungal infections.

So to answer your question simply... generally speaking, almost all of what's said is real. To reiterate, they exaggerated it just enough to demonstrate that the story straddles the line between fantasy and (a potential, far off, probably not as apocalyptic) reality, and that's what makes it so compelling and scary. I'm not saying that I think cordyceps will evolve to survive human hosts (not anytime soon at least), and if it did, I definitely don't believe it would turn humans into “zombies," although I do think whatever it would do would probably be pretty bad. But it is possible, and what I do believe is that if climate change continues at this rate, or god forbid an increased rate, it will lead to catastrophic consequences of innumerable kinds, including altering pathogens in a way that would cause them to pose a much greater threat than they currently do. It's fantasy, an exaggeration of truth, but it's also a warning and I'm happy to see people are actually talking about that. Who would've thought? 🤷‍♀️

#tlou spoilers #tlou #tlou hbo #the last of us #the last of us hbo #i researched this when I was playing the second game #I wouldn’t even consider myself educated on the subject but this is what I know lol

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judgementdaysunshine · 9 months

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Chapter 14

Turn for the worse

After being examined by doctors in the tent, you learned that you had a fungal infection in your feet, Damian had a punctured lung and had blood drained, you both ended up contracting a parasite called Entamoeba Histolytica from your time in the jungle. You start feeling a lot of pain through your body that you hadn't felt since you and damian found each other, but you ignore it as you wait until later on lavi tells the two of you that she and a government officer were accompanying the two of you back to the United States and that they had gotten a flight for the next day which made you both relieved knowing you wouldn't be in Bolivia any longer and wouldn't have to wait weeks or even a month just to go home, you are both monitored by pedro and doctors and as time passed damian ends up with a different oxygen mask to help breathe better but ends up having his lung collapse while you were in worse condition as you shake, throw up, cough violently, and when you walk to go use the bathroom you end up passing out after throwing up a lot of blood even to the point where some had gotten on your clothes and skin leading to the two of you immediately loaded in a chopper and taken to an emergency hospital in Salt lake city, Utah where both of you were rushed into surgery after being checked to find that damian's lung was filling up with fluids and blood which needed to be drained and to help take care of his punctured lung. You are rushed off to emergency surgery after they found that your spleen was enlarged and your organs were smashed together which was causing your pain and after learning of the parasite you both had they immediately started damian on antiparasitic drugs intravenously after four hours of surgery while you were in the third hour of your seven hour surgery, due to your weakened state the doctors put you on a ventilator as they started you om the same antiparasitic medications damian was on as he looks over feeling his heart be ripped from him when he sees just how sick you were a few feet away from him, he looks to the door of the room when he hears it open to see Lavi walk in and pulls him in a hug as they both sit by your bedside "They said you would need a few breathing treatments and another surgery on your lung" he shakes his head as he holds your bandaged hand and gently runs his fingers in your hair splayed across the pillow until he asks about your condition and she tears up "They're gonna give her a few hours to rest and do another surgery on her back...it's hurt badly because of the jaguar attack if they don't fix it...she could be paralyzed" he breaks down and cries as he gently kisses your head and holds your hand before you are wheeled back into surgery for the next few hours, he is awaken by lavi after the doctor leaves and you are back in the room "It turned out good she's gonna be okay" he and lavi cry and hug each other before staying by both your sides as he calls your friends and families.

#damian priest x reader #wwe #into the jungle #wwe x reader #damian priest

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bpod-bpod · 10 months

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Phantom Threads

Aspergillus fumigatus is a common fungus found in the soil. While it's usually harmless, it can infect people with weakened immune systems, killing over half of its victims. This infection depends on hyphae – branching threads of fungal cells used to collect nutrients and spread through the body. A healthy immune system attacks these structures to stop the fungus in its tracks, as do some antifungal drugs. But the molecular details of hyphae growth during A. fumigatus infections are still unclear. Here we see A. fumigatus growing as hyphae. These cells were genetically modified to produce more of a protein called ZfpA and have more branches and stronger cell walls (blue) versus normal cells. Researchers discovered that ZfpA increases the growth of hyphae during A. fumigatus infections, thereby protecting the fungus from our immune systems and antifungal drugs. Learning more about how this protein works could help scientists develop more effective treatments for A. fumigatus.

Written by Henry Stennett

Image from work by Taylor J. Schoen and colleagues

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA

Image originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Published in PLOS Pathogens, May 2023

You can also follow BPoD on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook

#science #biomedicine #fungal infection #antifungals #immune response #immunofluorescence #aspergillus

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mowerewolf1550 · 3 months

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Mornings

As I sit in the bathroom, I find my eyes have fallen on a very old steel step. It folds out into 3 steps, and has a handy seat on the top step. The seat is fake leather, and I know it over 35 years old. It was my wife's when we started living together. I see splashes of paint, and I remember each one, the color, the room, and yes even the house. It takes me back a bitter road of love. The first color come from our first house. I can't say it where we fell in love, because we leaped into love. We were perfect together.I learned when people say a relationship takes a lot of work, they have no idea what they are talking about. We were married 29 years, and never had one major fight. We were like 2 perfect gears together. Another color is from our second house in Colorado. We moved there because she missed her mother. We found that even though she lived across the alley from her son, she was unable to take care of herself. She was messing up her meds and had fallen and broken her collarbone. We decided to find a house to suit both mom and us. We found a home that we loved. It was quite a drive from where I worked, about 120 miles round trip, but it wasn't about me. We moved mom with us, and my new barn became a home for a lot of junk, and my 1968 Chevelle convertible. I didn't drive it much, because it sucked gas like a vacuum cleaner. I drove back and forth to work everyday, until she was diagnosed with cancer. She had been feeling run down for almost a year. Finally her doctor had a bone marrow test, and a pet scan. It was non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and it was stage 4. I turned in for retirement to take care of her. We could not make the mortgage payment, and decided to move. Mom had passed in 2013, her last years in a home for people with dementia. Enough said. We put the home on the market. It took almost a year to sell it. I had researched other places to live. She had live in Colorado all her life except the time she lived with me in California. She told me that she wanted to move out of Colorado, because this wasn't her Colorado anymore. We ended up selling and buying very quickly. One home that I had looked at was the one I am sitting in right now, although not in the bathroom anymore. We got moved and she found a fantastic doctor. He said she needed another round of chemo, and we had a meager Christmas that year, facing another round of sickness, loss of hair, well, you get the idea. She went through 4 treatments. She wasn't that sick, and lost little hair. After the treatments she was declared cancer free. We celebrated, but I had reservations. I knew this type of cancer comes back from experience.

It did. It came back 4 times. She went through chemo, having her spleen out, septic shock from an UTI, and the death of her best friend. The 4th time she had started chemo, and got infections through her PICC line, put in for the chemo. She went into the hospital again with infections. She had done this 3 times already. I didn't know this was the last. I watch as she had ups and downs, 18 days in ICU. About 5 days before she lost the fight, she told me she was so tired of fighting. I knew in my gut I was going to lose my bride. She rallied about 3 days before the end, but I knew this happens sometimes. The doctors tried one last treatment to fight the bacterial, fungal, and yeast infections in her blood and lungs. I agreed, but the drug killed her already weak kidneys. The last 2 days I told her she could go. I prayed for her to go, as terrible as that sounds. I knew she had a fear of dialysis, and told me many times she wasn't going to live like that, having watched her first husband died from kidney failure. Everyday I go up and sit by her bed, once she was sitting up, but had to have help even to stand. The last few days as she went in and out of reality, I'd sit and quietly sing to her. When I sang "Nights in White Satin", she'd smile, except the last 2 days, but I sang to her anyway. I was called to the hospital because they said she was going. I cried all the way there. I sat until 3 am on 5/5/2022. I had to go home and take care of our animals. I intended to come right back, but like an idiot, I sat down. I woke at 8:30 am, and got in the truck. At 8:45, the nurse called and said she had passed at 8:40 am. She had told me many times she didn't want me to sit and watch her die. Well Angel, I never denied you anything. Rest in Peace my Love.

#Life and death #Losing #dying inside

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writer-in-theory · 1 year

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are you still alive?

oops-

yeah, i'm alive and here. i've just been incredibly busy with school stuff. i'll be done with school (mostly) on april 26 and after that i will have so. much. time.

i'll put it under the cut so no one has to see it if they don't want, but if anyone is interested in pharmacy school stuff then here's what i've been doing lately:

For one, I started my rotations at the university hospital! I'm doing admissions medication reconciliation, which basically means I get assigned a few patients and I spend the rest of the day contacting the patients, family, pharmacies, whoever I need to in order to get the most up-to-date list of medications, how they're supposed to be taken, how they're actually taken, and when the last dose was taken. It's been extremely rewarding and I love getting more exposure to hospital work but it's definitely exhausting.

It's also comprehensive final time for our IP class. IP is integrated pharmacotherapy, so basically it's the course where we go disease state by disease state and learn background, etiology, diagnosis, treatment options, as well as science of the medications such as structure/medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, drug interactions/contraindications, monitoring parameters, counseling points, and how to choose between all of them. For this comprehensive final we're covering GI diseases, such as GERD, PUD, IBS, IBD, Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn's Disease, as well as Infectious Disease which is a ton of antibiotic/antifungal information as well as treatment for HAP/VAP/CAP, Fungal Infections, Helminths/Ectoparasites/Protozoa, TB, Malaria, C. Diff, Skin Infections, Intra-Abdominal Infections, AOM, Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, UTIs, and STIs. It's. A. Lot.

I also have my Top 200 drugs exam coming up. This is where they test us on the Top 200 outpatient drugs, the Top 50 OTC drugs, and the Top 50 inpatient drugs. For this, we have to know brand name, generic name, mechanism of action, monitoring parameters, side effects, drug interactions, counseling points, contraindications, and any black box warnings they have.

Also, it's program-level assessment time. What does this mean? Well, at the end of every year, we have to take a written exam and a practical exam for all of the content we've learned this far in pharmacy school. So, my 2 hour written exam will cover all content from last year and this year, and my practical exam will have us interviewing a patient and doing that kind of work for 2 hours based on disease states we've covered thus far. It's exactly as stressful as it sounds and I've been studying like wild.

Overall, I'm so excited to finally be learning treatment stuff and really getting exposure to working in the places I hope to work in as a career someday, but it's also been pretty stressful this past month especially. People say the post-spring break of this year is notoriously some of the most difficult anyone in the program will go through, so we're working hard!

#ask grey #anon

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clownology4dummies · 2 years

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Do you have any tips for calming clowns down? One of our clowns learned how to walk on stilts, but her claws are very sharp and keep breaking the wooden stilts. We want to start trimming her claws (not declaw, just file the tips so she doesn’t end up hurting herself) but she’s rather skittish and our usual methods (plush animals, other clowns for support, treats) aren’t working

does she by chance have plenty of scratching posts available to her so she can file them down on her own? if not, please get some. if she is simply refusing to use them, then there’s a bigger problem at play. do her fingertips appear irritated/swollen/inflamed in any way? she might be avoiding scratching posts due to pain. if that’s the case, i would go ahead and start treating her for a claw infection. most are fungal. once she’s started treatment, the sensitivity in her claws should have gone away enough for her to show interest in the scratching posts on her own. here are some good anti-fungal creams. apply as directed no more than three times daily.

if you have ruled out infection, look for evidence of past physical trauma or malformed claws. she may need pain medication or it might actually be medically necessary to de-claw her at this point.

if you have already ruled out infection or physical trauma, it’s very possible you might have to resort to sedatives if she is not calming down enough for a small trim. this is likely due to a previous owner trimming her claws too short in the past, and unfortunately drugs might be the only answer here. contact your local veterinary practice for a prescription sedative; if there are no clown vets near you, here’s a list of clown vets that do video conferences and send prescriptions through the mail. until she can safely walk on her stilts without breaking them, i would keep them from her for now.

#answered #clown husbandry

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the-clock-tiks · 8 months

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What's inside that band-aid

How band-aid works

Band-aid has a magic element to cure the little wounds & cuts/injuries as they occur.

The materials used in making band-aids are polymers, hydrogel, CID 8478, Tartrazine Yellow, Latex, mini cotton pads, PVC material for adhesive

The benzalkonium chloride is in a viscous solution and added to the cotton pad during the making of bandages. The microbial agent helps in reducing the infection and fungal activities that are to be developed further, resulting in the cure of the cut/wound in minimal days.

The magic agent in the concept of band-aid is porus polymer helpful in the cotton pad in the adhesive fabric/latex where it does not stick to the wound when it is stuck above the injured/sore/infected area.

The DS -( Drug sensitive )

Bacterial properties indicate few colors on the cotton pad primarily referring to infection that is in control and cure is observed.

For the - ( Drug Resistant ) which it indicates, it requires a doctor’s assistance immediately. The doctor/researcher hits a flash beam on the band-aid to release re-active oxygen species and weakens the bacterial properties from the wound & resulting in the cure.

From the research point of view - The effect of the observation done for treatment options, and antibiotic resistance manifestations is primarily an important calculation that needs to be done in all the stages of the drug development and treatment

#bandaids #the cure #drugresistant

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hellishlust · 9 months

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youtube

Yeast Infection No More: Protect the Body Naturally

Yeast Infection No More is a downloadable e-book that contains information about the permanent cure for yeast infection. This is a holistic system which intends to help eradicate the infections by targeting the main cause. The e-book was click here to learn more written by Linda Allen, a medial researcher, health consultant, nutritionist and an ex-sufferer of the yeast infection. Using this as a guide for treating the infection is absolutely safe and non-evasive.

Yeast infection also called Candidiasis is a fungal infection of any yeasts species. This kind of infection is very dangerous if left untreated; it can spread and affect body organ such as the esophagus, lungs and brain. In the long run, it can produce harmful toxins called Acetaldehyde into the body which can poison the infected host. The symptoms of the Candidiasis include rashes, acne, migraines, menstrual pain, blurred vision, weight gain, chronic fatigue, muscular aches, allergies, constipation or insomnia. The condition may worsen and may lead to other life-threatening diseases.

There are factors that cause the infection. Stress may lead to production of yeast cells the body fails to fight against through increased sugar level. When stressed, a chemical is released into the body that suppresses the immune system. Excess alcohol intake and Antibiotics overuse destroys good bacteria leading to yeasts flourishing in the gut. Birth control pills that contain estrogen also lead to yeast growth. The other causes include constipation, food allergies, constipation and electromagnetic stress.

The Yeast Infection No More book guide contains 5 steps of simple treatment to Candidiasis. It contains tips on right foods to eat, homemade remedies, herbal washes and supplements. There are also bonus contents in the book and personal 3-month counseling with the author herself.

The 5-step simple cure for the yeast infection is easy to follow and only need the cooperation of the person. The 6 dietary lessons given should be followed to stop further development of yeasts. Taking nutritional supplements for the immune system is also vital. Detoxification by raw food diets, fasting, and juices can cleanse the system. The yeasts can be killed by using the products recommended in the e-book. The body must be supplied with all the good foods to stop the fungi overgrowth permanently.

Using the e-book as guide to a healthy yeast-free body is a natural way without side-effects to worry about. No drugs or medication are required. Unlike lotions or creams, which only relieve the symptoms temporarily, this system helps remove the infection forever. The e-book contains all necessary things to know even the worse infections. Aside from the fact that it is holistic, it was written in a comprehensive manner anyone can follow.

#youtube

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drabeerelsaid · 1 year

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Fungi in Urine

➜The typical UTI is caused by a bacterial infection of the urinary tract, but it is also possible to develop an overgrowth of certain types of fungi.

Fungal UTI is due to Candida that is a normal part of the human commensal flora, however it is also the most common fungal species that can cause human disease. Most often they are Candida, which may colonize bladder, urethra, or vagina.

Candida Albicans is often seen in diabetes , pregnancy, obesity and other debilitating conditions.

So, Yeast cells may be contaminants or represent a true yeast infection.

☞Under Microscope 🔬:

There are three shapes (Forms) of fungi in Urine:

Yeast "خمائر" : yeast cells vary in size , are colorless , ovoid shape and are often budding .

Hyphae "خيوط فطرية" : fungal bodies are made up of filaments, it can form a network called a mycelium (Pseudomycelium ) hyphae..

Budding "التبرعم" : Is the process of yeast cells to reproduce asexually by an asymmetric division.

They are often difficult to distinguish from red cells and Yeast but are distinguished in three ways :

by their tendency to bud.

by Correlating RBCs with a positive blood result on the urine reagent strip.

Addition of acetic acid will lyse red cells but will not lyse yeast.

Staining of urine with Methylene blue or the Sternheimer – Malbin stain facilitates differential staining of cells and nuclei.

yeast cells have a nucleus that contains DNA ,So they appear in blue color with stain (Such as Sedi Stain ).

Causes :

The finding of yeast (almost always Candida species) in the urine could mean that the patient has pyelonephritis or cystitis.

Yeast infections are common in women who take antibiotics. Broad-spectrum antibiotics, which kill a range of bacteria, also kill healthy bacteria in your vagina, leading to overgrowth of yeast.

Women with poorly controlled blood sugar are at greater risk of yeast infections than women with well-controlled blood sugar.(uncontrolled diabetes).

Women with lowered immunity ( immunocompromised) such as from corticosteroid therapy or HIV infection (AIDs) are more likely to get yeast infections.

Yeast infections are more common in women with higher estrogen levels such as pregnant women or women taking high-dose estrogen birth control pills or estrogen hormone therapy.

occurs when a patient is immunosuppressed (due to immunosuppressive drugs, chemotherapy or neutropenia).

Contamination by External secretions of vagina in female , Candida Albicans are present on the skin, and in mucous membranes normally. The mouth and vagina are the two most common places for candidiasis,

بتكون موجودة بشكل طبيعي حيث تحمل ٢٠٪ من النساء الفطر داخل المهبل ، لكن اذا تزايد نمو هذه الفطريات، فقد يشعر المريض بأعراض العدوى.

ومن الأسباب الأخرى للعدوى: اتباع نظام غذائي عالي السكريات، أو الاستخدام المفرط للمضادات الحيوية واسعة المفعول، أو العقاقير المثبطة للمناعة، أو العقاقير الستيرويدية.

Symptoms:

range from mild to moderate, and include:

Itching and irritation in the vagina

burning sensation, especially during intercourse or while urinating.

Redness and swelling of the vulva.

Vaginal pain and soreness

Vaginal rash

Thick, white, odor-free vaginal discharge with a cottage cheese appearance.

Treatment: An anti-fungal medications..

Commenting in Report ➜ "Candidiasis "Or "Candidiuria"..

يفضل فحص العينة خلال ساعة .... *

#Medical Analysis 🧡#specialists 👩🏻‍🔬#parasitology #technicians 👨🏻‍🔬#medical labs #medical laboratories 🔬#students

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footclinicuk · 1 year

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Fungal toenail infections have become an increasing problem in older adults. Experts opine that those over 60 years are more likely to get a fungal toenail infection than those who are young. Several reasons, such as immunosuppressive drugs or chemotherapies, can lead to such conditions.

#Fungal Toenail Treatment London #Fungal Toenail Treatment #Toenail Treatment London

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dzthenerd490 · 1 year

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File: The Smile Tapes

original creator @Patorikku_

Go Suport their Youtube Channel https://www.youtube.com/@Patorikku_

SCP#: AHT

Code Name: The Jester Plague/ Smile Fungus

Object Class: Keter Neutralized

Special Containment Procedures: The city where SCP-AHT first manifested has been safely walled off before surrounding areas could be infected. Efforts are currently underway to properly contain and extract samples out of the infected city without causing another outbreak. Every civilian safely rescued by Foundation forces are to be given Class G Amnestics and the cover story that the city is under a biological terrorist attack. After the unknown extraterrestrial arrived spontaneously, SCP-AHT had been eradicated with all infected being wiped form existence. Instead MTF: Apollo-1: Orion's Belt and MTF Artemis-2: Star Chasers are to search for any evidence of the extraterrestrial entities that destroyed SCP-AHT.

Description: SCP-AHT is a highly contagious, mutagenic, and resilient fungus. SCP-AHT has the anomalous abilities of forcing its victim to smile and commit vile acts of violence and sadism while laughing. During the first week of infection by SCP-AHT the host will experience headaches, facial twitching and cramps but nothing major. It should be noted the telltale sign of infection even before symptoms appear is dreaming of floating through space before meeting a strange man who will smile at the host before they wake up. Unfortunately, the fungus making up SCP-AHT is so resilient that modern medication has no effect. The fungus latches directly onto the brain, the only means of treatment is the complete removal of the fungus. The only other method of cure is use of SCP-500.

"Thank god we finally figured out how to clone the drug" -Dr. Wicked.

After two week(s) of infection SCP-AHT forces the host to smile despite the host still being in pain. Host is unable stop smiling, has meningitis, constant headaches, a feeling of stressed and stretched muscles all over the face, and the lack of ability to blink properly. Host remains sane in this stage but is fully conscious of the mental and physical pain they experience during infection.

After three weeks of infection SCP-AHT has completely taken over the brain of the host by chemical means. SCP-AHT has not only forced the host to smile to an unhealthy and painful degree but also makes them laugh without stopping. The host also claims they are happy while chasing and killing whoever they see. This is typically where the host dies, not due to natural infectious causes but due to them being killed by those they try to harm. It should also be noted that at this stake the hair of the victims starts to degrade. The hair of the host either starts falling off or turn black and rough.

After four weeks of infection the fungus starts devouring and degrading the flesh of the facial structure and the rest of the body. the vocal cords, lungs, stomach, liver, kidneys, and intestines all become corroded due to either extreme strain or degradation by the fungus. However, the host's hostile tendencies and their motor functions decline leaving them weaker and less of a threat. Despite the damage the fungus leaves on the body for whatever reason fungal growths on the face will always grow and attach to certain parts of the face to maintain the smile expression of the host. At this point recovery is still possible but massive amounts of mental therapy, physical therapy, Physical muscle surgery, skin transplants, and organ transplants are needed to recover from the damage of infection.

After five weeks of infection the host has experienced extreme degradation to the body. The damage is similar to an elder near death or a corpse that has just started decomposing. The organs have degraded to the point of nonfunctional and rotting internally in the body. The brain has degraded to a point no different from a brain under the effects of stage 7 Alzheimer's disease. Very few patients live up to this stage if any at all; however, at this point it's impossible to consider the host a threat anymore due to every portion of their body has corroded. Though they are no longer a physical threat, hosts that make it to this stage typically end up coughing up a massive cloud of spores after death. Every host regardless of what stage of infection they are cough up spores after death. However, hosts that manage to live up to five weeks cough up the most spores with a maximum range of 10 meters. Therefore, despite the internal and external damage of their bodies they are potentially the most dangerous of all infected.

SCP-AHT was discovered in 1/1/1995 when an insane man named [data expunged] suspected to be under the influence of drugs was killed after going on a rampage. During a New Year's part at the [data expunged] plaza of [data expunged] local police forces were sent in. [data expunged] was seen holding a knife laughing while wearing a grotesquely large smile on his face and slashing through several people. SCP-AHT was originally believed to be a drug that caused the effects. After [data expunged] was killed several other infected individuals were found inhaling the spores for euphoric purposes and were intentionally throwing the powdered spores at unsuspecting victims. This seemingly confirmed the idea of SCP-AHT being a anomalous drug that encourage its users to commit horrible acts while smiling and force others to get high on the drug as well. However, after reviewing autopsy reports from the [data expunged] hospital revealed that it was a fungal infection.

it is unknown where exactly SCP-AHT originated form, it was just known that the original "spore puffers" found SCP-AHT and started inhaling it to feel its euphoric effects, unaware they were accelerating the infection within themselves. Due to the spontaneous infection rates within the city of [data expunged] the city had to be quarantined and walled off. Mobile Task Force Ares-1: "Mushroom Eaters" where deployed into the city to termination the infected, gather SCP-AHT samples, and rescue noninfected civilians.

The cover story is that a mutagenic fungus outbreak was unleashed in the city and the CDC is responsible for walling the city and evacuating survivors. The U.S. media is not permitted to release any more details. Foundation forces inside the city are working closely with the [data expunged] hospital to treat patients and determine whether or not they are infected so that they can be evacuated. It's also thanks to the hospital that the Foundation has extensive knowledge on the fungus. It is with hope that with MTF Ares-1 the city will be fully evacuated and SCP-AHT will be contained by the end of the year.

Update: 11/21/1995, Two new variants have been reported to mutate leading two new variants of the disease. As such hosts infected with the first variant of SCP-AHT are now labeled SCP-AHT-1 instances.

Hosts infected with the second variant are called SCP-AHT-2, they are not like the first variant and still retain their sanity and health. However, the spores spread through their coughing and sneezing making them infectious carriers.

Hosts infected with the third variant are called SCP-AHT-3 instances. SCP-AHT-3 instances are extremely dangerous as they are bullet proof, possess inhuman strength and speed, enhanced senses, and increased sense of violence and sadism.

Due to the SCP-AHT-3 instances almost all MTF Ares-1 forces have been killed and the survivors were reported infected thus had to be incinerated by the Foundation. Foundation forces at the [data expunged] hospital are holding out, for now. Due to the desperate and prolonged situation the Global Occult Coalition stepped in to assist the Foundation. Joint Task Force Demeter-2: "Apocalypse Now" comprised of Foundation AFA-2's and Coalition WD-5′s were sent in to reestablish connection with the [data expunged] hospital and rescue the survivors.

Update: 11/27/1995, Demeter-2 has confirmed that they are stuck and surrounded by SCP-AHT-1 and SCP-AHT-3 instances making escape impossible. The only option is to hold out.

Update: 3/31/1996, All SCP-AHT-1 instances have been confirmed dead however there are still over two thousand confirmed SCP-AHT-3 instances roaming around the city. JTF Demeter-2 as well as the doctors and civilians they are responsible for, are still trapped inside the city. It is conformed they are suffering casualties every other day and running out of resources. Due to the desperation of the situation the O5 Council made a direct request for an Anomalous Correction and Protection Alliance meeting.

***

Notice Under the Order of the Anomalous Correction and Protection Alliance.

O5 Council of the SCP Foundation, your request has been sent due to your report of an overwhelming threat located at The United States on 4/1/1996. Reasoning for Anomalous Correction and Protection Alliance action was called due to a subject concerning the following: Highly contagious pathogen, Unknown hostile Anomalous Group's involvement suspected, Potential danger to the veil of the global status quo, massive loss of life, Overwhelming anomalous threat, and Anomaly has unknown origin. All organizations of Anomalous Fate Alliance are required to participate in an emergency meeting concerning the subject.

Current Organizations within the Anomalous Correction and Protection Alliance:

Global Occult Coalition

SCP Foundation

Horizon Initiative

Church of Maxwellism

Eight Wings of Mekhane

The threat level has been confirmed to be 6 of 10, therefore participation is mandatory.

***

All organizations are present, begin mission program.

Assessment: Anomaly originally thought to be a highly hazardous drug is actually a fungus causing anomalous effects on its infected hosts. Despite local forces, Foundation, and GOC forces best efforts, the infected of the fungus are still an overwhelming threat with the possibility of destruction and further infection. Massive loss of life predicted if anomaly is left to it's deceives.

Solution: Complete Eradication of the anomaly. No containment will be permitted.

Orders: Church of Maxwellism and Eight Wings of Mekhane will lead a project to design and create a new cybernetic ground force capable of combating the army of anomalous threats.

Probability of Success: 95% begin right away.

***

Update: April 2nd, 1996 - Probability of Success has been lowered to 58%. Sarkic forces have infiltrated the city and are trying to get the anomalous spore out to infect the outside world. All Organizations, deploy all available forces outside the city as quickly as possible. Do not let the Sarkic Cult get out.

Suggestions: All organizations, please submit possible solutions to-

Update: April 3rd, 1996 - Unknown lights have been reported over the city. Possible new anomalous threat has arrived and will soon wreak havoc on-

Update: April 3rd, 1996 - Satellite scans have confirmed that the extraterrestrial anomaly has disappeared from the atmosphere, they are gone.

***

Update: April 5th, 1996 - SCP-Foundation: MTF Apollo-1 "Orion's belt", Global Occult Coalition: Strike Team-7445 "Space Dragons", and Eight Wings of Mekhane: 7-8-W/128-F "Soaring through the Abyss" have not reported any sightings of the anomalous extraterrestrial entities within our solar system. Before or after the incident. All Ground forces are moving into the city, no sign of anomalous fungus or the infected.

***

Update: April 7th, 1996 - Ground forces have take back the city and subdued the last of the Sarkic forces, no more immediate threats within the city. Ground forces have confirmed that all infected have instantaneously disappeared along with the anomalous fungal infection itself.

***

Mission Status: The anomaly is gone; however, the Anomalous Correction and Protection Alliance was not responsible for the anomaly's eradication. Therefore, mission is considered a failure. All organizations, if at all possible, find any evidence about the origin of the anomalous fungus infection and the whereabouts of the unknown extraterrestrials. Level 6 alert has been lifted; action form the Anomalous Correction and Protection Alliance has been concluded.

***

After the Anomalous Correction and Protection Alliance meeting concluded the Foundation and the Global Occult Coalition worked on the coverup. It was agreed to kill most of the heavily mutated sarkics that infiltrated the city. The one's that looked the most human were pinned the blame as the bio terrorist who spread the disease in the first place. The U.S. government sentenced them to death thus they were sent back to the Foundation as D-Class personal. The rescued civilians were given Class G Amnestic's and told the story of a biological terrorist attack making them think their overwhelming fear caused them to hallucinate the SCP-AHT-1 and SCP-AHT-3 instances.

According to the reports from one of the surviving doctors they had found the biological origin of SCP-AHT to be somewhere in the Yucatan Region. Furthermore, their DNA testing has shown that SCP-AHT's DNA structure has no biological match to the fungi found on earth, as well as any other organism found on earth. This implies that SCP-AHT was not meant for earth and therefore was of extraterrestrial origin.

As requested during the Anomalous Correction and Protection Alliance meeting, the Foundation created Mobile Task Force Artemis-2: Star Chasers. MTF Artemis-2 is comprised of the 30 of the fastest and most flight capable Space Jets the Foundation could manufacture. The ISLJ-7 Hawks are equipped with interstellar clocking armor plating and a miniature artificial sun generator allowing maximum stealth and speed of Mach 15. However, they lack weaponry systems due to their priority being to fly out of our solar system and scout the neighboring solar systems to find anything they can. Their mission will last 10 years and thought they are a search and discover unit their main priority is to find the whereabouts of the extraterrestrials that destroyed SCP-AHT.

Update: April 7th, 2006 - No evidence or information has been located by MTF Artemis-2. MTF-Artemis-2 are to return to earth and await future orders.

Doctor [data expunged] and the other survivors were given the choice to join the Foundation due to the "sole survivor" protocol because of their contributions of understanding SCP-AHT. Doctor [data expunged] agreed and so did some of his colleges as well as some survivors. Those that didn't were given the proper amnestic’s, new houses within new cities, as well as $700,000 for their contributions despite them not remembering.

"Though it was technically a happy ending and a bright new day for everyone a lot of people in the Foundation and of course our allied organizations can't help but feel it was still a failure. We were so close to figuring out how what the hell SCP-AHT even was and yet it was snatched away from us. Though to be fair those SCP-AHT-3 instances probably would have taken another year to eradicate and contain, you can only keep the media silent for so long. I guess at the end of the day this is about as good as it could have been. We got a "get out of jail card" and you'd be stupid not to take one of those.

Though there are still some unanswered questions and... well actually... I didn't really think it mattered at the time but now that I think about the one of my subordinates came to me about a report from the Global Occult Coalition about a strange single. Apparently, they started recording the single back on November 4th of 1994, but they couldn't make out what it was saying. The best they could understand where random numbers but that was it, they couldn't even tell where the signal was coming from. I thought it was a waste of time to investigate so I denied the request for investigation help. I was thinking the GOC was just wasting their time. However now that I think about it, I might have made a mistake. What if it was the aliens trying to tell us something, if it was, I could have organized an investigation and cyphering team to find out what it all meant... so much for that now." - Site Director Veil

Site Director Veil reported directly to the O5 Council his blunder and as punishment he was forced to not only create an investigation team but also participate in said team despite having no experience in cyphering.

The best that could be determined was the message TRANSPORT WITHIN WEEK, MAKE THEM HAPPY. The rest of the message still can’t be deciphered correctly or to any sensible message. Despite the collaboration between the Global Occult Coalition and the SCP Foundation, there was still nothing that could be determined the full message of the signal or its origin. Further investigation is needed.

SCP: Horror Movie Files Hub

#DZtheNerd #SCP: Horror Movie Files #scp fanfiction #scp au #scp mtf #the smile tapes

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fitchrowland15 · 2 years

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