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#E.R. Hughes
thunderstruck9 · 1 year
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Edward Robert Hughes (British, 1851-1914), The Careless Shepherd. Watercolour heightened with white on board, 73 x 53.6 cm.
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bbanimalstories · 1 year
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E.R. Hughes from Timelife: The Enchanted World Series, "Fairies and Elves", 1984
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godlizzza · 1 year
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continuing the jealous dan line of thought: herbert noticing and being very into how possessive dan gets
Herbert found Dan in the hospital cafeteria, munching on some carrot sticks. He wordlessly fell into the seat opposite him, waiting until Dan finally looked up from his crossword puzzle to speak.
"I won't be attending in neurology today," he told Dan. "I've been reassigned to the E.R."
Dan's eyebrows rose as he swallowed down his mouthful. "Why's that?"
"I've got a med student shadowing me," Herbert sighed, already dreading the task. "He's been bouncing around the hospital for a few weeks and now it's my turn to suffer."
"Poor guy," Dan said, poorly trying to mask a smile. "Try not to bite his head off, okay? We were both in his shoes once."
"I found my first residence entirely pointless," Herbert sniffed. "I won't have to bite his head off if he doesn't act like a moron."
"Your threshold for who's a moron if pretty low," Dan commented and Herbert merely grunted in response. Dan frowned down at his crossword, worrying the tip of his pencil between his teeth. "Who's the guy?"
Herbert waved a hand dismissively. It wasn't bad enough that he had to deal with this man's presence? Now he was being expected to remember his name?
"Hugh something-or-other."
"Hugh?" Dan echoed and when Herbert glanced up at him, he'd gone still. "Hugh Davies?"
"I'm assuming so," Herbert replied slowly, keenly watching Dan shift in his seat. "Is that a problem?"
"No," Dan ground out between his teeth. "No problem at all."
Herbert eyed him dubiously but Dan was squinting down at his crossword like his life depended on it. When Herbert rose to go he didn't lift his eyes from the paper.
It didn't take long for Herbert to pick up on Dan's foul mood when he returned home from his shift. Usually, Dan would greet him the second he walked through the door, whether it was popping into the foyer to welcome him home with a kiss or sticking his head out from the kitchen to yell his greeting. But that day Herbert shuffled in through the door to no one. He shucked his coat and paced into the living room to find Dan sat on the couch, watching TV.
"Decided to pick up brain-rotting as a hobby?" Herbert inquired, unwinding his scarf.
Dan shrugged, eyes glued to the screen, where a woman was cheerfully stuffing a turkey. "Cooking isn't brain-rot. It's a skill."
"Of course," Herbert conceded. He went to the side of the couch and squeezed Dan's shoulders, feeling the firm skin beneath Dan's thin cotton shirt. He bent down to press a kiss to the top of Dan's head. "Well, you have fun with that. I'll be in the lab," he mumbled into Dan's hair.
As he stood to go Dan's hand clamped around his wrist suddenly, bringing him to an abrupt halt. He blinked in surprise down at Dan, whose eyebrows were bunching angrily together.
"Herbert," Dan said, his voice coming out oddly low and gravelly. Herbert found he quite liked the tone. "I don't like Hugh."
"And why," Herbert asked, breathless, "is that?"
Dan's mouth was a long, thin line. His fingers easily circled Herbert's arm. "Because he's a huge flirt. I've seen him try it with every male nurse he comes across."
Herbert licked at his dry lips. He could feel his own pulse pounding where Dan was touching him. That dark, sharp look in Dan's eye had Herbert's whole chest swelling and his skin tingling.
"I see," he finally managed to say. "And you're worried his taste will evolve to include male...doctors?"
"That is my worry, yes," Dan admitted. He finally turned to face Herbert, his brown eyes dark as chips of onyx. "I don't wanna have to, you know, tell him what's what."
"And what's that?" Herbert asked demurely, sliding into Dan's lap. Dan kept his hold on his wrist, even as Herbert stroked his hand up and down Dan's back, reveling in his warm, solid body. Herbert pressed closer until their chests were flush, Dan's body heat seeping through Herbert's shirt and into him. "Won't you tell me?"
"That the only one who can be close to you like this," Dan whispered, his other arm coming round to circle Herbert's waist, "is me."
"Mmm, I never pegged you for the possessive type, Danny," Herbert purred, slipping his hand inside the collar of Dan's shirt to stroke his chest.
"I just can't stand the idea of him looking at you and thinking...things," Dan growled.
"Things," Herbert echoed, his mouth splitting into a grin. "How scandalous to be thinking things."
Dan glared at him. Their faces were so close together their noses nearly touched.
"You're enjoying this," he observed, not looking too thrilled at this discovery.
"Perhaps," Herbert admitted, stroking his thumb along Dan's collarbone. "But you'll only have to deal with it for the next two weeks."
Dan's eyes flashed and his grip on Herbert's wrist and waist instantly tightened. "Two weeks? That's how long that creep's gonna be shadowing you?"
Herbert nodded, his heart skittering against his ribs as Dan easily flipped them over, pressing Herbert's back against the couch as he crowded over him. Herbert clutched at Dan's shirt, wanting to pull it off and yank Dan closer at the same time. Dan ducked low and began feverishly kissing at Herbert's neck. His hair tickled Herbert's ear but Herbert was lost to the heady sensation of Dan smothering him. He writhed beneath him, desperate for more, but Dan didn't appear to need prompting.
He hooked Herbert's leg around his hip and ground their hips together, the friction delicious. Herbert gasped as Dan kept at it, his hand fumbling between them to pull Herbert's shirt free of his waistband.
"He can think about this all he wants," Dan said huskily into Herbert's ear. "But I'm the one who gets to touch you."
"Yes," Herbert panted, throwing his arms around Dan's shoulder to clutch at his back. "Touch me."
Dan quickly took him apart on that couch until Herbert was crying out to the ceiling.
Hugh was only going to be shadowing him for a few days, but Dan didn't need to know that.
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hollywoodoutbreak · 10 months
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There's never been a shortage of great medical dramas on television, from Marcus Welby to St. Elsewhere to E.R. to Grey's Anatomy. But, for our money, one of the very best was House. While he had a strong ensemble cast working with him, Hugh Laurie undeniably gave the show its gravitas and its odd charm with his perfect portrayal of eccentric medical genius Dr. Gregory House, a role that earned Laurie seven Primetime Emmy nominations. And while we may be content to give Laurie credit for making the show so much fun to watch, he's always been a little less generous with himself. We've spoken to him many times about the show over the years, and he's told us he'd been at a total loss in figuring out why people loved the show.
House is currently streaming on Prime Video.
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weemsbotts · 2 years
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On the Trail: Finding Local Mills in PWC
By: Lisa Timmerman, Executive Director
In 1976, E.R. Conner, III, compiled “A Partial List of Water-Powered Mills in Prince William County, Arranged in Upstream Order on the Respective Streams” using both John Wood’s 1820 map and William H. Brown’s 1901 map for locations. His partial list indicated 50 mills along with a brief history of each structure noting their owners, function, and current state of repair. While he noted many as dismantled, his list featured mentions of mills he was unable to locate and the various mills names – one mill could have several mill names as the property changed. Quantico Creek had three in our direct area: Deneale’s Mill, No. 1 (eastern), Deneale’s Mill, No. 2 (western), and Clifton’s Mill (Mitchell’s, Bohannon’s).
Energy production was extremely important to Dumfries as it attracted plantations, merchants, and commercial businesses. Wind-powered and water-powered gristmills were key to the survival of the early colonial era as those mills grinded grain into grist or meal, which could then be turned into flour for bread or any other consumable item. Wealthy officials or neighboring estate owners constructed “plantation gristmills” for individual or very small usage and “custom gristmills” for groups of neighboring planters. The “merchant mill” was the commercial version, exporting Virginia’s flour in the late 1700s. Millers typically operated adjacent to streams on nearby flat plots with some minor engineering to bring the water to their mill. Millers stored water in millponds, which would arrive at the mill through artificial millraces. When needing additional energy, millers would use wheels to grind grain and limestone or power saws for lumber production.
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(Brown, William. Map of Prince William County, Virginia : compiled from U.S. Geological Survey and other data and corrected with the assistance of reliable residents of the county, Wash. D.C. : A. B. Graham Photo. Lith., 1901. Library of Congress Geography and Map Division Washington, D.C.)
Deneale’s Mill referred to inventor and miller James Deneale (ca.1765-1821). Besides for owning Deneale’s Mill and Clifton’s Mill, he received five federal patents for his inventions: 1800, “Kiln for drying grain”; 1804, an improved threshing machine; 1806, a “perpetual oven; 1809, a “wheat rubber” machine; and 1820, “Instrument for mapping lands, &c.” Deneale advertised his inventions and news of his mills through the Alexandria Gazette newspaper.              
While Conner’s report did not have much information on Deneale’s Mill, the agent in charge of the 1937 Works Progress Administration’s (WPA) Historical Inventory Project of Virginia did. Not only did the agent speak with residents of Dumfries and Alexandria, but they also searched through court records, and traveled south on Route 629, about ½ mile from Dumfries, to visit the actual site. Below is the report:
(First Tract)
John Graham to Burr Harrison, known as “Saw Mill Tract”
1793, Harrison to James and George Deneal
1806, Deneal to Timothy Brundidge
1876, James Davis, Special Commissioner to James Bohannon
J.R. King (Timmerman note: recorded as current owner in 1937)
(Second Tract)
1779, Hugh Devoir
1792, Luke Cannon
1815, James & George Deneal
1826, Francis Dunnington
1877, Frank Wheat et. Als
Still owned by Wheat family, locally known as Deneal’s Mill Tract
Description:
There is nothing left but the walls, a part of which have been hauled away for building purposes, and the broken wheel, and one large mill stone. The road bed has been changed in the last few years and it is quite easy to walk right past the ruins without noticing them. The creek is very shallow here now and the old dam is almost entirely taken away.
The upper mill, which is still called Deneal’s Mill, is a little less than an eighth of a mile from the lower mill which was last operated by the Wheats. There is nothing left of that but a few stones hidden by the thick undergrowth.
Historical Significance:
It is hard to realize, looking at these ruins, by the meagre stream of water, that here once centered so much of the busy life of the old town.
Old maps show the upper mill as “Graham’s Mill” and the map of 1820 show it as “Deneal’s Mill”. It has been over thirty years since the last meal was ground here, the miller at that time being a man named Mitchell who was killed there one night by his clothing catching in some of the machinery. After that time it rapidly fell into ruins. It has also been about the same length of time since the lower mill was in operation.
The water is so low that the rocks in the creek (Quantico) bottom are exposed, worn smooth as sea pebbles by the once swift water. There is a great deal of green carbonate in the rocks and it makes them look lovely.
The Bohannon who ran the mill for a number of years was quite a character and was the grandson of John Bohannon who had a mill some distance from this in the middle of the eighteenth century.
James Deneal was one of the vestryman at Pohick Church and later at Quantico Church. He was prominent in the affairs of the community. The following extract may be of interest:
“Know all men by these presents, that I, James Deneal of the town of Dumfries and state of Virginia, do make, ordain, contribute and appoint my brother, George Deneal of the town of Alexandria, my true and lawful attorney for me, and in my name to sell all my right and interest and title in the inventions of mine and for which I have received an exclusive privilege from the General Government, To wit: a machine for the threshing of grain, also a machine for baking all kinds of bread, called and known by the name of the Perpetual Oven, ratifying, conforming such sales, made by the said attorney, in testimony whereof. I have affixed this seal, the sixth day of December, eighteen hundred and six.”
Oral History Informants: Mr. Walter Keys (Dumfries, VA), Mrs. Richard Wheat (Dumfries, VA), Mr. Charles Callaham (Alexandria, VA)
PWC Court Records: Deed Book 8, folio 103, Deed Book 30, folio 132, Deed Book U, folio 38, Will Book G, folio 292, Deed Book Y, folio 87, Deed Book 31, folio 504, Deed Book 3, folio 231.”
In terms of Prince William County mills, it’s entirely possible to read the primary sources and visit the actual historic sites. What better way can local history come alive than with records and an accurate map?
Note: The Weems-Botts Bibliophiles are targeting Antiheroes for August! Learn about this confusing and contradicting trope while reading three stories featuring everything from vampires to the Witcher. Tickets here!
(Sources: Bedell, John. “Few Know That Such A Place Exists”: Land and People in the Prince William Forest Park, National Capital Region, National Park Service, April 2004; National Parks Service. Virginia Main Street Commodities: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary: Agriculture and Industry; Grymes, Charlie. Virginia Places: Early Energy Production in Virginia, http://www.virginiaplaces.org/energy/earlyenergy.html; WPA Historic Survey: Town of Dumfries, 1937; “James Deneale to Thomas Jefferson, 2 July 1820,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/03-16-02-0055. [Original source: The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Retirement Series, vol. 16, 1 June 1820 to 28 February 1821, ed. J. Jefferson Looney et al. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2019, pp. 70–72.])
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lilithlikesart · 3 years
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Edward Robert Hughes - The Valkyrie's Vigil, 1915 c.a, unknown.
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eades-art · 7 years
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“Night with her train of stars”, E.R. Hughes 
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lorelaigilmoure · 5 years
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while i was on hiatus, started watching Veep (AMAZING show, although i'm not very fond of s7....) and after years and years of ignoring the existence of House M.D. i finally started watching it and let me tell you, as a med student, who HATES medical shows bc they’re so inaccurate, House really surprised me and i simply adore it.
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random-brushstrokes · 2 years
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Edward Robert Hughes - Wings of the Morning (ca. 1905)
'My idea in this picture is to make these creatures welcome the dawn, which is slowly creeping over a range of mountains for the most part in shadow, and only the highest peaks being touched by rosy light. The sky, however, is a mass of cirrus clouds high enough to be well coloured by this same light - so making a kind of confusion with the many fluttering bird's wings, surrounding and accompanying the huge wings of the supernatural girl flying towards dawn. Below and beneath all this welcome gaiety and light as though fleeing from them into the darkness that lingers are the winged things of night.' (Beresford, p. 116).
(Letter from E.R. Hughes to Edward Knox, original owner of Wings of the Morning, 24 February 1905, archives, Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney.) (source)
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mygoodqueenbess · 3 years
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Has QEI’s tomb ever been opened?
Hi Anon!
Plain answer, no. But, when I was looking for more details on the Internet (and because I was curious, I never really investigated her death in depth) I came across two interesting sites.
Now, here I warn you that I got excited and gave you a very long answer to your question.
This first one is from the Westminster Abbey website:
"Her death, at Richmond Palace, on 24th March 1603 was an occasion of universal mourning. For some days the body lay at Richmond and then was brought by barge to Whitehall Palace to lie in state. Thousands of people turned out to see her funeral procession to the Abbey on 28th April 1603 when there was "such a general sighing, groaning and weeping as the like hath not been seen or known in the memory of man". The coffin, covered in purple velvet, was borne on a chariot drawn by four grey horses with black trappers. The coloured wooden funeral effigy lay on top of the coffin.
Her body was encased in lead within the wooden coffin and first buried in the vault of her grandfather King Henry VII (underneath his monument) in the Abbey. (...)
The original funeral effigy, by John Colt, that had been carried on her hearse was remade in 1760 with a wax head and new outer clothes. The original, and unique, corset from 1603 effigy still survives however and after recent conservation was displayed separately from the clothed effigy.
King James I erected the large white marble monument to her in the north aisle of Henry VII's chapel (less tall than the monument James later erected for his mother, Mary, Queen of Scots in the opposite aisle of the chapel). This was made by sculptor Maximilian Colt and painted by Jan de Critz. The recumbert effigy resembles portraits of the Queen in old age. The cost was £1485.
In 1606 the Queen's coffin was transferred to a vault below the new monument and places on top of the coffin of her half sister Mary I.
The gilded collar, with a representation of the "Burgundy" or "Three Brothers" pendant, was added in 1975 and made by Mrs H. Hughes. The crown (designed by Janet Arnold), the cross on the orb and the sceptre the Queen holds are also modern replacements, the originals having been stolen centuries ago. These were the gift of Mr Brian Court Mappin. The railing around the tomb (designed by J. Peter Foster in 1983) is another modern replacement for a lost original. Although the effigy is now just white marble a drawing found in Germany, dated 1618-20, shows the Queen wearing an ermine lined crimson robe with a blue orb in her hand, a coloured dress and flesh colouring on her face. The four lions at each corner of the effigy were gilded. No trace of this colour now remains."
This second one is from the blog The Tudor Travel Guide and here is where it becomes really interesting:
"Elizabeth made it clear that she did not wish to be disembowelled following death (as would be customary). Yet shortly after the queen died, Rober Cecil left orders with the surgeons to do so, while he went to London to proclaim James VI the new King of England. And so the queen was embalmed and her body transferred to a lead-lined, wooden coffin.
(...)
During the period in question, Southwell reports how there was a loud ‘crack’ from the coffin as Elizabeth’s ‘body and head’ broke open from the pressures of gases released as the corpse rotted. While the force of the explosion splintered the ‘wood lead and cere cloth’, people speculated on how much worst might it have been if the body had not been opened and disembowelled after death! It is interesting isn’t it, that the story of this event occurring after the end of Henry VIII is much repeated, and seen as a sign of his obesity and gluttony. But here we have the same thing happening with his daughter, who was not subject to such vices!
(...)
I came across a book written by Arthur Stanley, published in the 1880s. He had been given permission to survey all the tombs in the abbey by the then queen, Victoria. It makes for fascinating reading since the crypt in which all royal burials are deposited is closed and I have never read anything specific regarding the Tudor tombs that lie beneath the abbey floor. However, Stanley gives us a glimpse inside these hidden vaults.
In trying to find the actual coffin of James I, Stanley explored a narrow aisle located underground between the eastern end of Elizabeth’s monument and those of James’ own infant daughters. He had already looked in this area before; it was empty and seemed of little interest. However, upon closer inspection, Stanley found a tiny aperture in one of the walls. Upon peering inside, he saw a narrow vault containing two coffins, one placed upon the other. Because I have never read this account before, I am going to include it in some detail.
Our intrepid adventurer describes the scene: there was ‘no disorder or decay’ except the ‘centring wood’ at the head of the uppermost coffin had fallen in, and some of the sides were crumbling, which had ‘drawn away part of the decaying lid’. Although no coffin plate was present, a dim light illuminated the lid enough for Stanley to see a carved Tudor rose, ‘simply but deeply incised in outline’. On either side of the rose were the carved initials ‘E.R’ and beneath the year ‘1603’. Stanley goes on to describe the lid being decorated with ‘narrow, moulded panelling’ made of ‘fine oak an inch think’, while the base was made of ‘inch elm’. The whole thing was covered in red silk velvet, ‘much of which remained attached to the wood’."
I don't know if you really wanted to know all this, but I found it so interesting that I wanted to share. xoxo
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forbiddenhistories · 3 years
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A Classicist in Search of Modern Oracles: Free Download of E.R. Dodds’s Article on Interpretations of Trance Mediumship (1934)
A Classicist in Search of Modern Oracles: Free Download of E.R. Dodds’s Article on Interpretations of Trance Mediumship (1934)
Eric Robertson Dodds (1893-1979). Image credit: Hugh Lloyd-Jones/Verlag C.H. Beck. If you enjoyed my video plug for the reading group and are keen on additional background readings about Oxford classicist Eric R. Dodds, I got you sorted: you can now download a free PDF of Dodds’s article “Why I do not believe in survival” (1934) from the website of the Society for Psychical Research (SPR, whose…
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emmarosewrites · 4 years
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I’ve brough a suprise - Part 1/2
A long ovedue Ellen and Portia fanfiction.
Disclaimer: This is a work of fiction. All publicly recognizable characters, settings, etc. didn’t participate in the following story. This story does not necessarily reflect my views or opinions on the characters and places mentioned. If someone is to find this story offensive, please reach out.
I woke up and the urge to puke came right away, I ran to the bathroom  before being even fully awoken.
What is it?
I heard Kerry say in a sleepy voice, surely my sprint woke her up. I couldn't respond. Actually, I couldn't even shut the door before I kneeled in front of the toilet and threw up. So there goes yesterday's dinner - I tought to myself as I flashed the toilet.
Honey, what's going on? Kerry and Bellamy both stood by the door with concerned looks.
Scandal was on a press tour and the girls and I ended up shearing a hotel room. I was looking foward to a slumber party, but we arrived late and tired and fell asleep right away. I stood up and begun cleaning myself.
Nothing, I'm fine.
Bellamy crossed her arms and looked at me with that "you are not fooling me" look. I looked at them holding back a smile. Gosh, they were so sweet and we had gotten close, and I really needed to share this with someone. But even Ellen didn't know and I knew she wouldn't like other people finding out before her.
Porsh, what is it? There was a hint of concern in Bellamy's voice as she walked towards me. She placed a hand on my shoulder - You know you can tell us anything. I sighed.
I think I'm pregnant.
What?! Kerry couldn't believe her ears.
You heard her sayed Bellamy.
Yeah, sure - she looked down, seemed a bit embarrased -  but I mean, how? Did you and Ellen took a treatment or something? If you don't mind me asking.
Well, kind of - I grabbed the sink while sitting down on the toilet cover, feeling a bit dizzy. We were so sure we didn't want kids, but then, this desire came out of nowhere. We tought it was too late, and when we asked the doctor if we could use our frozen embryos they agreed the chances where very slim, but it was up to us to try.
I gagged again and they both ran towards me. Before I knew they were holding my hair while I threw up again.
Come - said Bellamy - clean yourself up and we'll talk in the room.
I did so and seconds later we were sitting in a circle in one of the beds as Kerry carresed reasurrengly my tight. I thanked God for this girlfriends moment, it was actually a relief to have someone else knowing.
You were telling us you froze embryos - said Bellamy
We did - I said. Just in case we changed our minds. We decided to give it a go, once, if it worked, it worked, altough it was virtually impossible.
And yet it did - said Kerry, with a smile in her voice.
Well, it might. I'm not sure. Maybe is placebo. - I said.
Wait - said Bellamy. So you think you might be pregnant but you didn't take any tests
I nodded
And Ellen doesn't know?
I nodded again.
Porsh, you have to take a pregnancy test. You can't walk around being prengant and not know about it, it could be dangerous. Plus if it's not a pregnancy you should go to the E.R. and see what's wrong.
She had a point. And not like I hadn't thought about it before, but the symptoms begun once I left on the trip and I didn't want to take the test without Ellen.
I'm nervous - I spoke - and I think Ellen would like to be there for it.
I'm sure she would. But honey, you were projetile vomiting, you should know  exactly what's going on.
Bellamy what right, but I was just too nervous. We had done the incemination knowing there was a 5% chance, I don't think we ever seriously contemplated the possibility of it working.
Look, here's what we'll do. You take the test, we film it, and then you can show the clip to Ellen as a surprise. She can even use it for her show, you know she dies to show you off.
I smilled. Kerry was right. It was the best solution. I couldn't be "maybe pregnant" for a minute longer.
Ok. Now good luck to us getting the test - I said.
What do you mean? - Kerry looked a bit confused.
Well, if three actresses walk into a drugstore and buy a pregnancy test...we wouldn't exactly go unnoticed. And I don't carry those with me just like I don't carry condoms, I'm gay after all.
They both chuckled.
I might have one - said Bellamy - let me check.
A few minutes later we were all three in the bathroom, waiting fo the test to show the results. One of them was hughing me from each side and rubbing my arms and I think it had just drawn on us how big the whole thing actually was. Kerry's alarm went off.
It's time - she said, taking a deep breath and smiling. I don't know who was more nervous.
You girls do it - I said, bitting my nails.
Oh no, you should do it. You are the mommy to be! it's a once in a lifetime thing - said Bellamy.
The words "mommy to be" didn't help, but she had a point. I slowly moved forward, reaching out to the test. I can't!
C'mon girl! - I don't know if Kerry wanted to cheer me up or if she just couldn't contain herself any longer.
Ok, ok, fine.
The cellphone we placed on the sink was recording everything as I took a deep breath and turned the test arround. Two stripes. Pregnant. We had promissed ourselves to be subtle about this, no one else could know. But as soon as we saw it we all screemed in joy, then I covered my face with my hands and started crying.
Honey, it's ok - Kerry was rubbing my back.
You are going to be a mom and we are going to be aunties! - Bellamy was whiping a tear from her left eye.
Say something to your wife - said Kerry, gesturing towards the phone.
Baby - I said between sobs - I'm pregnant.
They both chuckled and hughed me once again.
The press day went well, Kerry and Bellamy where looking after me the whole time: if I ate, if I was tired or if I made too much of a physical effort. Bless them. I knew then that even if Ellen could be a bit upset that I didn't wait for her to take the test, she was going to be glad that I had those two looking after her wife and her baby, I couldn't thank them enough.
So, that was fun - said Kerry, throwing her purse on her bed when we entered the room. We were pretty messy, I hold it together for Ellen at home because she was a clean freek but these girls allowed my messy side to show.
How are you feeling, Porsh? Bellamy asked.
Good, I think other than morning sickness and missing period I don't have much synthomps, thank God.
Really? - said Kerry - No cravings or anything?
Well... - Now that I thought about it, I did have a few cravings. - I mean, a veggie burger won't hurt...-
They chucked.
Good, we needed to have dinner anyways - said Bellamy with a laugh. Kerry then grabbed the phone.
Hi, I would like to order room service
What are you doing? - I asked - I thought we might go out to grab food or something
Oh no. We all had a long day and you need to rest. We are having a girls night in.
Room service got there pretty fast and before I realized we were eating in bed in a circle much like we had done earlier in the day when they convinced me to take the test.
So...there has to be more to you and Ellen's life than inceminations. - said Kerry with a smirk, before bitting on her burger.
I don't know what you mean. - It's true, I didn't. For a second I tought the naughty face meant that she wanted to know our marital details, but I quicky ruled it out. Why would two straight women want to know what two lesbians did in the room? They would surely find it disgusting.
Yeah. We had kown you for some months now, give us the details! I'm sure that glow doesn't come just from eating your vegetables.
Ok, now Bellamy was smirking. Maybe I was right. I blushed.
You are turning red, you naughty!
I mean...what do you want to know? We have a pretty happy life...in all aspects.
They didn't answer, they just moved closer while keeping their eyes on me, they weren't giving up. I didn't know what to do, I hadn't had a slumber party in ages and I never shared the details of my sex life with anyone. Sure I wanted to, we all need advice, support, shearing or venting sometimes, but I just didn't have that people in my life.
You know marriage...if it's a happy one and you truly like eachother then they get the way around your body and it can be awesome. It kinda sucks to be away from her because I'm not used to this...abstinence.
They laughed, and after some crazy stories they share themselves I just couldn't not tell them about the little farewell party Ellen thew for me because of the days we were going to be away from eachother. They were a bit jealous but in a good way, aparently is not common to be that pleaced with a partner after such a long time.
So, mama to be, you are going to have to cut down a little bit on those wild nights you and your woman have. Bless her, it sounds like a constant blast. But for now it will be plenty of water and sleeping and nothing too crazy in bed. Try to be like a mortal for once.
There goes doctor Kerry - Bellamy said and I laughed
It's true, the woman is prengant!
I gluped. I was. Every time they said it out loud it became more real. What if Ellen wasn't that exited after all? What if she didn't like my pregnant body? They saw my concerned face and rushed to confort me as if they red my mind.
Gosh, I'm being such a baby, hormones started to kick already.
Look, the earlier she knows the better. I heard there was a change in the schedule and we are going back to L.A. before continuing our tour in Seattle, you should tell her then.
She is going to be so exited! - Bellamy clapped quickly, I think she was even more exited herself.
Please film everything - said Kerry - Along with the video we just made when you found out it will make a cute story, you can show it to your kid one day.
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miguelmarias · 5 years
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REFLEXIONES SOBRE EL CINE DE PIRATAS, CONTRABANDISTAS Y AVENTUREROS
En un mundo como el nuestro, de instintos encadenados, los "Hermanos de la Costa"  adquieren un aspecto "surrealista", y si sus proezas resultan, a veces, indignantes, nunca dejan de ser portentosas.
El último párrafo de la "Advertencia" con que J. y F. Gall dan principio a su excelente estudio sobre El filibusterismo (1) nos sugiere una de las razones que pueden justificar la atracción indudable que, en estos tiempos —a cualquier altura de la vida, sea cual fuere el rumbo de nuestra existencia—, ejercen los piratas, bucaneros, filibusteros, tahúres, contrabandistas, impostores, vagabundos, conspiradores y demás aventureros más o menos anarquistas y tradicionalmente catalogados como villanos. Es muy probable que esta fascinación —que, partiendo de los justicieros proscritos como Robin Hood, El Zorro, Judex o Dick Turpin, descendía luego a lo largo de todo un escalafón de outlaws más o menos prestigiosos y legendarios, a menudo enmascarados, con frecuencia perseguidos o vilipendiados por aquellos mismos que ilegalmente defendían, hasta recaer incluso sobre algunos negreros, asesinos a sueldo, ratas de hotel, gángsters, "quinquis" o simples y oscuros rateros— tenga sus raíces en nuestras primeras lecturas infantiles y también en el hechizo que irradia todo lo misterioso, insólito, exótico, improbable o maravilloso por inalcanzable o irrepetible. No es raro encontrar niños con auténtica y profunda vocación de pirata, explorador, ballenero, buscador de tesoros o bandolero, y no resulta, pues, anormal que alguna huella de estas ensoñaciones quede indeleblemente grabada en su subconsciente, sobre todo cuando la vida cotidiana se hace rutinaria, ingrata, previsible, laboriosa e irremediablemente urbana.
Los Trópicos, los Mares del Sur, el Caribe, la península del Yucatán, la isla de la Tortuga, Maracaibo, Port-Royal, Porto Príncipe, el Cabo Hatteras, el de Hornos, el de Buena Esperanza, Casablanca, Orán, Basora, Bagdad, La Meca, Timbuktú, Madagascar, el Golfo de Bengala, Singapur, Java, Macao, Shanghai, Tahití, Alaska, San Juan de Capistrano, Veracruz, las Islas Encantadas, Hong Kong, el desierto de Gobi, el de Kalahari, el Sahara, Montenegro, Samoa, Haití, el Río Grande, el Amazonas, el Matto Grosso, el Volga, el Ganges, el Himalaya, etc., etc., constituyen el mapa imaginario de un universo mítico en el que reina la Aventura, un viejo y descolorido atlas que pudimos surcar a bordo de cien libros y películas, empujados —como el Buque Fantasma, como el Holandés Errante— por los vientos caprichosos que eternamente soplan en los Siete Mares de la Ficción. Buques zozobrados hace tiempo, que ahora flotan anclados al recuerdo, pero siempre dispuestos a desplegar de nuevo sus velas desgarradas y a enarbolar la negra enseña de los corsarios: el "Jolly Roger", las tibias cruzadas y la calavera. Patas de palo, garfios de abordaje, parches negros en el ojo tuerto, buitres y gaviotas, oscuras ensenadas, sangre y fuego...
Todos leímos de pequeños La isla del tesoro, 20.000 leguas de viaje submarino, Robinsón Crusoe, Los viajes de Gulliver, El lobo de mar, Alicia en el País de las Maravillas, Moby Dick, El Corsario Negro, Peter Pan, Las mil y una noches, Beau Geste, Rob Roy, La máquina del tiempo, Aventuras de A. Gordon Pym, El mundo perdido, El último de los mohicanos, Tarzán de los monos, Kim de la India, Huckleberry Finn, Los tres mosqueteros, El capitán Fracasa, Las aventuras de Arsenio Lupin, Rocambole, La Pimpinela Escarlata, Scaramouche, Cyrano de Bergerac, Dos años al pie del mástil, El Dr. Jekyll y Mr. Hyde, La flecha negra, El señor de Ballantry, Ivanhoe, Quentin Durward, El hombre invisible, La guerra de los mundos, Cinco semanas en globo, La vuelta al mundo en 80 días, Viaje al centro de la tierra, Los robinsones de los Mares del Sur, El libro de la jungla, La perla del Río Rojo, Los tigres de la Malasia, Yolanda, la hija del corsario, Honorata van Guld, Las aventuras de Tom Sawyer, Un yanqui en la corte del rey Arturo, y tantas otras novelas que nos hicieron conocer a Sherlock Holmes, el Dr. Watson y Moriarty, al padre Brown y Flambeau, a Lagardere y su hijo, a Ulises, a Elena de Troya, a Alí Babá y los cuarenta ladrones, al capitán Hornblower, a Guillermo Brown, a Gengis Khan y Marco Polo, personajes más o menos míticos a los que pronto se unirían —procedentes del cine, de los "tebeos", de la radio, de nuevos libros— Drake y Barbanegra, Drácula, Billy el Niño, Wyatt Earp, Jesse James, Búfalo Bill, el Dr. Frankenstein, el capitán Ahab, Sitting Bull, Gerónimo, Cochise, Caballo Loco, el general Custer, Svengali, Houdini, Don Quijote y Sancho, el comisario Maigret, Hércules Poirot, Juan Sin Tierra y Ricardo Corazón de León, Saladino, Atila, Jack el destripador, La Celestina, Don Juan Tenorio, el Lazarillo, el Buscón, el capitán Chimista, Pizarro, Nerón, Shanti Andía, Superman, Calígula, Cleopatra, Marco Antonio, Julio César, la pequeña Lulú, Diego Valor, Flash Gordon, Rip Kirby, Roberto Alcázar y Pedrín, Batman, Hamlet, Otelo, Romeo y Julieta, el capitán Trueno, Dillinger, Lord Jim, Fausto, Al Capone, Maquiavelo, Tirano Banderas, Jay Gatsby, Johnny Guitar, Shane, Espartaco, Fantomas, Lucky Luciano, Temple Drake, Sartoris, Monroe Starr, Sam Spade, Fu Manchú, Charlie Chan, Jonathan Wild, Philip Marlowe, Lew Archer, Abraham Lincoln, Catherine Barkley, Waldo Lydecker, Laura Manion, Norman Bates, Michel Poiccard, Pierrot le fou, Pike Bishop, el mayor Dundee, Nosferatu, King-Kong, Ethan Edwards, Gertrud, Lola-Lola, Antoine Doinel, Charles Foster Kane, el Barón de Arizona, Colorado Jim, la emperatriz Yang Kwai Fei o el Dr. Mabuse. Durante el largo trecho que separa la niñez de la adolescencia nos fue posible así el suplantar las "vidas imaginarias" o sublimadas de los más variopintos y exóticos personajes, y habitamos con ellos las más remotas épocas, parajes y latitudes. Llegamos, incluso, a conocer como la palma de la mano, guiados por la brújula de la fantasía, regiones oníricas o fabulosas como Yoknapatawpha County, Tombstone, Dodge City, Eldorado, Marienbad, Macondo, el Chicago de los años 30, el París de los americanos o el Mar de los Sargazos.
Ahora bien, remontándonos de nuevo a las fuentes que a la vez suscitaron y colmaron nuestra sed de ficciones y aventuras, resulta curioso observar que muy pocas personas sienten el deseo, una vez concluida esta etapa vital, de volver a leer aquellas novelas de viajes por el tiempo y el espacio, de héroes y rufianes, de traición y venganza, que tanto nos hicieron disfrutar. Se comete así una grave ingratitud y un tremendo error, pues no sólo se tiende a menospreciar aquello que tanto valoramos un día, sino que se priva uno del placer que estas novelas pueden proporcionar a cualquier edad. Es más, con frecuencia no sólo hemos olvidado aquellas románticas historias de "misterio, emoción e intriga" —consigna admirable y digna de André Bretón—, sino que, en realidad, nuestra falta de conocimientos y experiencia —cuando no traicioneras adaptaciones para niños— nos impidió muchas veces apreciar y comprender debidamente las peripecias y destinos que escritores curiosos —Maurice Leblanc, Salgari, Sabatini, Wren, Dana, E.R. Burroughs, Ponson du Terrail—, notables —Walter Scott, Swift, Barrie, Fenimore Cooper, Gautier—, excelentes —Verne, Defoe, Wells, Chesterton, Conan Doyle, Kipling, London— o geniales —Robert Louis Stevenson, Herman Melville, Mark Twain, Poe, Lewis Carroll— nos propusieron, tal vez con demasiado ingenio, sin duda con excesiva modestia. Novelas que en los últimos años han dejado de existir, como género, como forma de narrar, como espíritu; por eso, las raras excepciones —las de Gonzalo Suárez y Javier Marías, La ira de los justos de Raoul Walsh, La burla negra de José María Castroviejo, alguna de las de Ignacio Aldecoa— no han despertado otro eco que el de la desaprobación o el silencio, lo que sitúa a estos autores en la honrosa compañía de Víctor Hugo, Dumas, Ross Macdonald, James M. Cain, Raymond Chandler, Bret Harte, Joseph Conrad, Dashiell Hammett, J. Sheridan Le Fanu y tantos otros escritores de talento. Hace años que aconsejo a todo el mundo —y en especial a los cinéfilos— que relean, a ser posible en su versión original, La isla del tesoro, sin duda una de las más grandes creaciones de la lengua inglesa y una influencia capital en otros novelistas —Marcel Schwob, Jorge Luis Borges, Richard Hughes, John Meade Falkner— y en numerosas películas —como Moonfleet de Lang, The Night of the Hunter de Laughton, Viento en las velas de Mackendrick, Valor de ley y Círculo de fuego de Hathaway, por no abrumar con una nueva lista—; o Adventures of A. Gordon Pym, que influyó a Verne, a William Hope Hodgson (The Boats of the Glen Carrig), a Stevenson y a casi todos los escritores de ciencia-ficción, desde Wells hasta Bioy Casares, Bradbury o Cortázar.
Con las películas que tienen su origen —o alguna afinidad de espíritu y de estilo— en estas novelas, la injusticia es mayor, y más difícil de reparar, ya que los libros se conservan o se suelen poder encontrar y releer, y en cambio es muy difícil volver a ver Todos los hermanos eran valientes, El hidalgo de los mares, El pirata Barbanegra, Robinsón Crusoe (el de Buñuel, por supuesto), El secreto del pirata, Los piratas de Capri, El capitán Panamá, Garras de codicia, Rumbo a Java, La casa grande de Jamaica, El hijo de la furia, El temible burlón, El cisne negro, El prisionero de Zenda, La máscara de hierro, Piratas del mar Caribe, Los bucaneros, La casa de los siete halcones, Fuego verde, Tambores lejanos, Fuego escondido, El ladrón de Bagdad, El halcón y la flecha, La mansión de Sangaree, La odisea del capitán Steve, La mujer pirata, Cita en Honduras, Las cuatro plumas, Huida hacia el sol, Ave del Paraíso, El tesoro del Cóndor de Oro, El capitán Blood, Tanganica, Mara Maru, Safari, Zarak, El bandido de Zhobe, La nave de los condenados, El zorro de los océanos, Los vikingos, Los piratas del Mississippi, El signo del renegado, Harry Black y el tigre, Cuando ruge la marabunta, John Silver el Largo, Los tres mosqueteros, Scaramouche, Arenas de muerte, El capitán King, Viaje al centro de la Tierra, El malvado Zaroff, El mundo en sus manos, Los gavilanes del Estrecho, Tres lanceros bengalíes, La jungla en armas, Calcuta, La carga de la brigada ligera, El crepúsculo de los dioses, Rebelión a bordo, El signo del Zorro, Jívaro, La venganza del bergantín, Norte salvaje, Las minas del rey Salomón, Mogambo, El caballero del Mississippi, Astucias de mujer, Revuelta en Haití, San Francisco Story, La legión del desierto, El espadachín, La isla de los corsarios, La reina de Cobra, Orgullo de raza, La sirena de las aguas verdes, La fuga de Tarzán, Martín el gaucho, Gentleman Jim, Maracaibo, El amo del mundo, a merced de la iniciativa —improbable, ya que no tendrían demasiado éxito ni serían consideradas de suficiente "mérito artístico"— de reponerlas de un distribuidor o del azar de los lotes y las programaciones de televisión. De hecho, los únicos films recientes que tienen algo que ver con el género aventurero —todas aquellas películas de aventuras que no constituyen un género en sí, como el western: jungla, piratas, bandoleros exóticos, candidatos posibles a la Historia Universal de la Infamia de Borges, o a las Vidas imaginarias de Schwob— han sido notables fracasos comerciales y críticos: Viento en las velas, El aventurero, Aoom, Al Diablo, con amor, La loba y la paloma, El último safari, Arma de dos filos, Judex. Circunstancia que no tiene nada de nuevo —la obra maestra del género y de su autor, el Moonfleet de Fritz Lang, sigue sin estrenar en España y va a cumplir los veinte años—, pero sí de grave, en unos tiempos como los que corren, en los que lo que más falta le haría al grueso del cine son precisamente dos de las virtudes descollantes del cine aventurero: la pasión y la fantasía. Es decir, la audacia rigurosa que requiere narrar con claridad y brío las más descabelladas, sorprendentes y portentosas tabulaciones que cabe imaginar (ya que este género, o agregado de subgéneros heteróclitos más bien, es mucho menos "realista" y tiene mucho menos "fundamento histórico" que, por ejemplo, el western o el cine negro).
Pero ya es tiempo, una vez evocado el mundo que sugieren y recrean en vivos y llamativos colores y en tenebrosos y retorcidos relatos este tipo de cine y sus antecedentes literarios, de aclarar que el propósito que guía estas páginas no es el de reavivar nostálgicos recuerdos infantiles o adolescentes, sino intentar reivindicar un espíritu de creación artesanal cinematográfica que encarna muy explícitamente —descaradamente, incluso— una serie de valores y actitudes que, personalmente, echo en falta en la gran mayoría de las películas actuales, sobre todo en las procedentes del país que en más alto grado llegó a poseerlas y dominarlas —Estados Unidos, claro está—, y que pienso que no convendría olvidar ni perder ni, mucho menos, rechazar y despreciar. Creo que los admiradores de Nicholas Musuraca, Robert Planck y Edward Cronjager; los que hayan visto Amazonas negras de Don Weis; los que sientan cierta debilidad por Jane Greer, Jean Peters, Debra Paget, Gene Tierney, Linda Darnell, Rhonda Fleming o Eleanor Parker; los que sólo por el título lamenten no haber visto nunca South of Pago Pago de Alfred E. Green; los que quisieran conocer mejor la obra de directores como Edward Ludwig, William A. Witney, Edgar G. Ulmer, Jacques Tourneur, Allan Dwan, Henry King, John English, Lewis R. Foster e incluso Joseph Inman Kane; los que consideren más apasionante una novela como Los tres impostores de Arthur Machen que cualquier debate estructuralista sobre la diegesis fílmica, comprenderán ya, sin duda, a qué me refiero y qué elementos son los que considero especialmente admirables en el cine de piratas, contrabandistas, prófugos de la justicia y genios del mal más o menos megalómanos.
 SOBRE EL ARTE DE NARRAR
Los relatos de los marinos tienen una inmediata simplicidad; todo su significado cabría dentro de la cáscara de una nuez. Pero Marlow no era típico (si se exceptúa su propensión a tejer narraciones), y para él el sentido de un episodio no estaba en el interior, como una almendra, sino fuera, envolviendo el relato que lo hacía resaltar sólo como un arrebol destaca la neblina, a semejanza de uno de esos halos vaporosos que la iluminación espectral del rayo de luna hace visibles.
Joseph Conrad: El corazón de las tinieblas.
 La primera razón que puede explicar la escasa consideración que, a lo sumo, reciben estas películas, típicamente "menores", radica precisamente en su argumento, que suele considerarse pueril, ingenuo e inverosímil, desvinculado de la "realidad contemporánea" o de los "problemas trascendentales". En efecto, uno de los rasgos característicos de estas películas es, precisamente, su modestia, su falta de pretensiones, su rechazo de la pedantería. No se proponen testificar sobre el estado del mundo moderno, ni sobre las condiciones de vida de los limpiabotas italianos; su objetivo es mucho más modesto: procuran distraer, entretener, divertir, emocionar, intrigar y sorprender al espectador; en el fondo, disparar y liberar su fantasía, proyectarla a través del tiempo y del espacio, e incluso de las apariencias y la lógica; proponer nuevos mitos y revitalizar los ya existentes —tarea tan importante como la de desmitificar ciertas cosas, que no todas ni por principio—; y da lo mismo que estos artífices estén impulsados por el mero afán de hacer bien su trabajo o que se dejen llevar por el puro placer de narrar, o de dar forma a un relato, o de insuflar vida a unos personajes pintorescos, arquetípicos o excepcionales. El caso es que resulta mucho más difícil tejer una trama cuya coherencia no puede contrastarse con la realidad inmediata ni con los hechos históricos —es decir, una trama como la de Moonfleet de Lang, la de El hijo de la furia de John Cromwell, o la de El cisne negro de Henry King— que la de Umberto D, Ladrón de bicicletas o El caso Mattei. Que es mucho más compleja la dramaturgia de Scaramouche que la de Hiroshima mon amour, que la estructura rítmica de Los gavilanes del Estrecho es mucho más musical que la de Senso, que El temible burlón es mucho más inventiva que Las margaritas, y que el grado de elaboración plástica y sonora de cualquier película de Jacques Tourneur supera con mucho el de Fellini o Antonioni.
Además, como observó precisamente Joseph Conrad, el sentido de las mejores películas de este género no se encuentra en la peripecia dramática que relatan, sino que se puede percibir en filigrana, en la periferia de la acción, y así resulta que entre las películas que mejor han analizado el complejo mundo de la infancia —sin detenerse, además, en concepciones idealistas de la "inocencia" o la "pureza" de los niños— se cuentan varias adscribibles a este género, concretamente Moonfleet, The Night of the Hunter y las obras maestras de Alexander Mackendrick, Viento en las velas y Sammy, huida hacia el Sur, que no son películas "sobre la infancia" ni sobre "la visión del niño", pero que —a veces adoptando su punto de vista, como en el film de Lang— consiguen comunicarnos muy penetrantemente dicha visión del mundo, casi siempre a través de las aventuras o los viajes en que el niño se ve embarcado, o a través de sus relaciones con un hombre maduro que —como el John Silver de La isla del tesoro— representa al mismo tiempo el "ogro" y al padre ausente o fallecido, logrando así una ambivalencia que impide cualquier acercamiento convencional y sensiblero, como suele ocurrir con los verdaderos padres (el de Ladrón de bicicletas, por ejemplo) o con personajes menos ambiguos moralmente, más "inmaculados" o "angelicales" (como el Alan Ladd de Raíces profundas). Por eso, los personajes interpretados, respectivamente, por Stewart Granger, Robert Mitchum, Anthony Quinn y Edward G. Robinson —contrabandistas, falsos predicadores asesinos, piratas— confieren a las películas mencionadas una riqueza moral y una amplitud de perspectiva que en otros géneros, más codificados desde un punto de vista ético —a pesar de los recientes logros en este sentido que suponen Valor de ley y Círculo de fuego, de Hathaway , dentro del "western"—, serían inconcebibles o resultarían muy artificiales. Porque hay que destacar que este género ha sido el único —junto a las diversas variantes del policiaco— en que la figura dominante y más atractiva ha sido casi siempre un antihéroe.
Por otra parte, la misma "irrealidad" del género ha hecho posible que la narrativa de estas películas pueda prescindir de las inútiles escenas "explicativas" que entorpecen la marcha de casi todas las películas "realistas"; ha permitido llevar hasta sus últimas consecuencias las arbitrarias o inverosímiles premisas iniciales; ha consentido el empleo de todo tipo de metáforas sin que ello suponga una solución de continuidad; ha facilitado la violación de las convenciones morales —el castigo que debe recibir el criminal, por ejemplo—, comerciales —el obligatorio "happy end", negado enérgicamente por Moonfleet, Viento en las velas, The Night of the Hunter— y dramáticas que han oprimido al cine de serie durante los años 30, 40 y 50.
 INVESTIGACIÓN FORMAL
Aunque sólo ocasionalmente hayan contribuido a este género directores de verdadera magnitud —Fritz Lang, Jacques Tourneur, Douglas Sirk, Raoul Walsh, Rouben Mamoulian, Ernest B. Schoedsack— y hayan sido, por lo general, películas de bajo presupuesto realizadas a toda velocidad por eficientes artesanos de la R.K.O., la Warner, la Fox, la Universal o la Republic —Curtiz, Ludwig, Witney, Maté, Pevney, Marton, etc.—, es frecuente que encontremos dentro de este tipo de cine obras formalmente muy cuidadas, con un uso matizado y pictórico del color, con iluminación de raíz expresionista, que prestan gran atención al decorado y al vestuario, que saben servirse expresivamente tanto de los escenarios naturales —el mar, la vegetación exuberante de los trópicos, los promontorios rocosos— como de las maquetas y las transparencias. Es un cine que tiende a las dimensiones "bigger than life" (2), que aspira a lograr un aliento épico, que permite improvisar a merced de los elementos meteorológicos (3), y no es por ello extraño que, los grandes estilistas —incluso Minnelli ha incidido en el género, a partir del musical, con El pirata, 1947—se hayan sentido atraídos por este tipo de películas, ni que los pequeños artífices cultos de la serie B hayan recogido estas aportaciones de los maestros y las hayan convertido en ingredientes fijos del género. Incluso algunos directores que, en ocasiones, pecan de solemnidad y de vulgaridad plástica —como Henry King o John Cromwell— se han sentido especialmente inspirados por películas que, como El hijo de la furia o El cisne negro, no les obligaban a respetar las biografías ejemplares ni las meticulosas reconstrucciones de época que acostumbraban a dirigir en las producciones "de prestigio", y que les permitían, en cambio, cuidar al máximo los aspectos formales y narrativos que otras veces se veían forzados a sacrificar. Estos guiones "intrascendentes" se convertían en un pretexto para experimentar con la iluminación y el color, en simples "temas" a partir de los cuales podían improvisar una serie de variaciones plásticas. Su rechazo del naturalismo y de la verosimilitud psicológica les permitía una mayor soltura en la dirección de actores, una narración más fluida y directa, unas transiciones y un montaje que permitían acelerar el ritmo de la acción, etc. Incluso un hecho aparentemente insignificante como el que estas películas estuviesen destinadas a un público principalmente infantil tuvo su influencia en el acusado formalismo del género "bucanero", ya que potenció —por razones de censura, o de "buen gusto"— el recurso a la elipsis sugerente y contribuyó a la deslumbrante plasticidad de sus imágenes, al inventivo empleo de los objetos, los decorados y el color, y a la pérdida de importancia del diálogo como vehículo del sentido del film. Son, por ello, películas enormemente sensoriales, con una dependencia expresiva de las imágenes casi total, lo que explica que reenlazasen con las complejas estructuras rítmicas y visuales de los últimos años del cine mudo.
Sin embargo, este énfasis en los aspectos "puramente" estéticos del cine de aventuras no debe hacer pensar que se trataba de meras fantasías abstractas y huecas. Por el contrario, como suele ocurrir en el interior de los géneros tradicionales y de las producciones de presupuesto limitado, estas películas se caracterizan por su absoluta funcionalidad, es decir, por la perfecta adecuación entre los recursos escasos disponibles y los objetivos fijados. Y no olvidemos que estos fines pueden resumirse en los siguientes principios básicos: llamar la atención —visualmente, sobre todo— y despertar la curiosidad —dramática y narrativamente— desde el comienzo de la película, explicitando inmediatamente las "reglas del juego" (es decir, las del género) para que nadie se pueda llamar a engaño ni adopte una actitud hipercrítica, incrédula o escéptica frente al espectáculo que va a presenciar, y, finalmente, narrar con la máxima claridad y de la forma más atractiva e interesante una historia llena de acción, de misterio, de sorpresas, de inesperados giros dramáticos, de pasión, de exotismo y de color, interpretada por actores más o menos populares y, a ser posible, que den por su sólo aspecto físico las características más relevantes del personaje — Alan Ladd, Errol Flynn, Gregory Peck, Douglas Fairbanks, Burt Lancaster, Kirk Douglas, Stewart Granger, Gary Cooper, Clark Gable, Tyrone Power, James Mason, Basil Rathbone, Jack Elam, Lee Marvin, John Carradine, Walter Brennan, Louis Jourdan, Anthony Quinn, Richard Widmark, Robert Mitchum, Charles Laughton, Gene Tierney, Arlene Dahl, Yvonne de Carlo, Virginia Mayo, John Wayne, Joel McCrea, Rhonda Fleming, Janet Leigh, Debra Paget, Royal Dano, Eleanor Parker, John Payne, Ray Milland, Deborah Kerr, Jane Greer, Jean Peters, Cornell Wilde, Jane Russell, Eva Bartok, Rita Gam, Katy Jurado, Ava Gardner, Dana Andrews, Glenn Ford, Terry Moore, Robert Ryan, William Holden, Robert Taylor, Rock Hudson, Cyd Charisse, Tony Curtis, Arthur Kennedy, Ann Blyth, Alan Hale, etc.—. Por lo que el esplendor polícromo de Amazonas negras, Scaramouche, El pirata Barbanegra, Moonfleet, El Cisne Negro o Rumbo a Java —o el contraste de luces y sombras de sus predecesores en blanco y negro— no es sino el estilo plástico más adecuado a los relatos románticos o postrománticos que sirven de base a la mayor parte de estas películas.
 EL SECRETO DE LAS IMÁGENES
El cine es el más poderoso vehículo de la poesía, el medio más real de dar forma a lo irreal.
Jean Epstein
Durante los años 20, un grupo de directores y teóricos franceses, conocidos como "la primera vanguardia" —Louis Delluc, Jean Epstein, Abel Gance, Germaine Dulac, Marcel L'Herbier—, localizaron el tan famoso y buscado —pero nunca encontrado— "específico cinematográfico" en el concepto de fotogenia, concepto que nunca quedó muy claro y que, años después, pasó a designar un atributo que debían poseer los rostros de las actrices. Finalmente, la palabra cayó en desuso. Sin embargo, creo que debería ser readmitida en el vocabulario crítico para designar una virtud que puede tener la imagen cinematográfica y que está a punto de olvidarse, lo que significaría para el cine la pérdida de uno de sus recursos expresivos más complejos y poderosos, de un recurso que, además, no pertenece a ningún otro arte narrativo y que ni siquiera las artes plásticas pueden alcanzar en tan alto grado.
Desde que —con Méliés, Porter, Feuillade y Griffith— el cine dejó de limitarse a reproducir fotográficamente el movimiento para empezar a narrar historias, el objetivo de la cámara perdió su neutralidad y su inocencia. El rodaje en estudios, el maquillaje de los actores, la introducción de los diferentes tipos de planos y de su montaje, etc., dieron lugar al empleo de lentes y filtros diversos, a la colocación de focos, a la selección cuidadosa de los encuadres y a todo tipo de trucajes ópticos. Desde el momento en que la luz dejó de considerarse como un dato inmutable y autónomo, y empezó a ser utilizada como un recurso más a disposición de los directores, nació el arte de la fotografía cinematográfica. Más aún que los precursores mencionados, los cineastas alemanes que suelen calificarse como "expresionistas" y los franceses conocidos como "impresionistas" reivindicaron el cine como un arte y consideraron no sólo lícita, sino imprescindible, la intervención —a veces deformadora— del director en la "realidad" que se iba a filmar y el proceso de estilización de dicha "realidad" necesario para hacer una película. Se aprendió intuitivamente, por experiencia práctica, el efecto psicológico de los diferentes grados de luminosidad de las imágenes, el poder de sugestión de las sombras, las intenciones o el misterio que la luz y su distribución atribuyen a los rostros, etc. Durante los últimos años del cine mudo y la primera década del sonoro, al influjo germánico presente en directores como Stroheim o Sternberg se sumó el impacto de las sucesivas llegadas a Hollywood de una serie de importantes realizadores europeos: Sjöström, Stiller, Lubitsch, Murnau, Curtiz, Ulmer, Dieterle, Lang, etc., seguidos más tarde por Preminger, Sirk , Wilder, Tourneur, Ophüls, Renoir, Siodmak, Hitchcock, Brahm, De Toth, Laughton, etc., y numerosos directores de fotografía — Freund, Maté, Vorkapich, Perinal, Planck, Planer, Ruttenberg, Kaufman, Shuftan, etc.—, que contribuyeron a crear un estilo visual que unía la expresividad visual del cine mudo alemán con la objetividad técnica característica del cine clásico americano. Este estilo se desarrolló, especialmente, en cuatro géneros: el terrorífico y el "negro" (sobre todo en blanco y negro), por un lado, y el melodrama y el de aventuras (sobre todo en color), por otro. El tipo de organización visual de cada plano que fue madurando durante los años 30 y 40 empezó a hacerse esporádico con la llegada del cinemascope y la generalización del color y, a partir de los años 60, el empleo abusivo del "zoom" y del teleobjetivo, la influencia de Lelouch —virados, flous— y del montaje a lo Lester, la producción de película virgen ultrasensible y la práctica desaparición del cine en blanco y negro son hechos que, unidos a los crecientes costes de producción y a la sustitución de los viejos directores y fotógrafos por técnicos formados en la televisión, han provocado la paulatina y casi total decadencia de la cinematography o fotografía de cine como el arte de servirse de la luz. Actualmente, el 99 por ciento de las películas están correcta y uniformemente fotografiadas en color, y los directores de fotografía no son más que técnicos eficientes que, generalmente sin que el director se entere de lo que hace ni le dé instrucciones concretas al respecto, calculan la apertura de diafragma y el objetivo preciso para conseguir un mínimo de calidad, claridad y fidelidad cromática, sin que la iluminación y el color sirvan para expresar sutilmente parte del sentido de cada escena.
Pues bien, estos géneros "menores" —el melodrama y el "aventurero"— han sido el último reducto de la experimentación visual dentro del cine americano, hasta que, finalmente, han acabado por desaparecer como géneros, dentro del proceso de desintegración industrial y artística que viene padeciendo el cine desde 1960. Hoy las muestras de auténtica visualización y estilización, las películas con fotogenia, constituyen auténticas excepciones, más frecuentes en Europa —las primeras películas de Godard, Franju, Resnais, El espíritu de la colmena de Erice— que en América. Gracias a esta dinámica interna —no sólo plástica, puesto que también contribuían a ella la dirección de actores, el uso del decorado y, sobre todo, la planificación—, los cineastas americanos del auténtico talento fueron capaces de convertir en obras personales y relevantes las historias más absurdas y más opuestas o ajenas a su visión del mundo. Por eso un "encargo" como Moonfleet puede ser considerado la obra maestra de un director tan genial y de tan larga carrera como Fritz Lang; por eso La mujer pirata y El halcón y la flecha no son divertidas e infantiles peripecias sin sentido, sino exponentes admirables del estilo y de las preocupaciones de Jacques Tourneur; por eso El signo del Zorro supera a otras obras, más ambiciosas y explícitas, de Rouben Mamoulian; por eso cualquier serie B de la Republic, dirigida por artesanos tan poco distinguidos como L.R. Foster o Witney supera en elaboración y expresividad visual a las grandes producciones de lujo de la Metro; por eso no debe extrañarnos encontrar entre el equipo técnico de Amazonas negras de Weis a Gene Aleen, uno de los colaboradores básicos de George Cukor, ni que numerosas películas de este género hayan recibido el Oscar a la mejor fotografía o hayan estado a punto de conseguirlo. No cabe duda de que una ensenada al anochecer, una tormenta en alta mar, una isla deshabitada en medio del Pacífico, un oasis o un desierto o la intrincada vegetación tropical de una jungla "de estudio", o una guarida de contrabandistas, un burdel, un bar portuario o un velero constituyen "motivos" visuales llenos de sugerencias y de atractivo, pero hay que tener en cuenta que no basta con mostrar semejantes escenarios para lograr una película de piratas o de legionarios del desierto digna de tal nombre, sino que es preciso organizar esas imágenes, esos "iconos", y estructurarlos dramáticamente en una narración; tarea que, como demuestran las torpes tentativas de algunos funcionarios del cine italiano perpetradas en los años 60 y 70, no está al alcance de cualquiera.
 NECESIDADES DEL MITO
La desmitificación a ultranza trae un riesgo: el vacío, lo inerte. Era aquel hombre que decía que una mujer era pelo, brazos, cara, aparato respiratorio, circulatorio y digestivo, órgano sexual y piernas. Evidentemente había desmitificado. Su definición era analíticamente correcta. ¿Es suficiente lo correcto? La disección exige la muerte. ¿Debe ser el cine (y por consecuencia la crítica de cine) un taller de taxidermia? ¿Se debe suprimir el verbo para que haya calificativo? Es indudablemente posible una crítica de la vida sin disecarla, sin prescindir de los elementos motores.
Manolo Marinero (4).
Los mitos no preexisten al hombre, no se encuentran en la naturaleza. Un mito es una creación —o una creencia— de los hombres y es, por tanto, una aportación al mundo, a la vida y a la historia. Pero no cualquier idea, personaje, relato o hipótesis sobre lo desconocido es un mito. No basta con que se le ocurra a alguien, ni con que alcance un cierto grado de difusión. Es preciso que llegue a ser conocido y aceptado por la mayoría, que corresponda a un estado de opinión o a una época, que forme parte —de algún modo— del inconsciente colectivo de una sociedad o de una civilización. Si se tiene consciencia de que un mito es un mito, y no una realidad, una verdad científica o un hecho histórico, el mito supone un enriquecimiento del mundo. En ese sentido, un mito no tiene nada de despreciable, y puede compararse a las grandes creaciones artísticas —que suelen convertirse en mitos: ¿no lo son Romeo y Julieta, Otelo, Hamlet, Don Quijote, Don Juan Tenorio, Edipo, Fausto, Jekyll y Hyde o Moby Dick, hasta tal punto que se dan por sabidos incluso cuando se desconocen las obras que les dieron forma? —. Por eso, no parece necesario, ni oportuno, ni conveniente intentar —vanamente— destruirlos. Hay también mitos menores, narraciones amenas y distraídas, llenas de sabor y de sabiduría. Entre ellos pueden contarse muchas películas, cuyas imágenes tienen un mayor poder de persistencia que las palabras, y que tampoco vale la pena tratar de desmitificar.
 Miguel Marías
 (1) L'Essai Anarchiste des "Fréres de la Cote". Fondo de Cultura Económica.
(2) Declaraciones de Richard Fleischer sobre Los vikingos, en Film Ideal n. 139.
(3) Comentarios de Raoul Walsh a Los gavilanes del Estrecho, en Cahiers du Cinéma n. 154.
(4) Las joyas del opar, en Film Ideal n. 193.
 Dirigido por… nº19, enero 1975
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From the Archive 2016 - Enchanted Dreams the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery (UK)
From the Archive 2016 – Enchanted Dreams the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery (UK)
In January 2016 I travelled to an exhibition at this charming and centrally located museum and art gallery; to attend an exhibition of the works of Edward Robert Hughes. E.R. Hughes belongs to that second generation of Pre-Raphaelite artists and was the nephew of Arthur Hughes, an important member of that first generation. Like many an artist before him and since, the public are often familiar…
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paomortadela · 9 years
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Hannibal vai te deixar com fome
Se eu tenho algum arrependimento na minha vida, é a de não ter acompanhado Família Soprano e The Wire quando passaram na TV. Claro, eu era muito novo (naquela época, eu só assistia E.R.), mas existe algo que a exibição semanal de uma série proporciona que, diferente do “tudo-de-uma-vez” que o Netflix oferece hoje, é mais rico, mais maduro e mais impactante.
Se eu posso de vangloriar sobre algo na minha vida, é a de ter acompanhado Hannibal na sua exibição original.
Hannibal é filho direto das séries definitivas da HBO. Rica em detalhes, em referências visuais, em simbologias e com uma trama compassada de forma perfeita. É o melhor drama da televisão desde que The Wire finalizou sua última temporada, e é a melhor série de um canal aberto americano em muito tempo.
Se você já viu Manhunter, O Segredo dos Inocentes, Dragão Vermelho, Hannibalou Hannibal: O Início, já sabe sobre o personagem principal: um canibal que caça suas vítimas com propósitos singulares, preparando pratos para suprir seu paladar impecável. Baseado nos livros de Thomas Harris, os filmes mostram o quão decadente o autor tornou seu personagem — de uma força elementar na obra-prima O Segredo dos Inocentes para uma mera punch-line no lixo Hannibal: O Início. O que a série Hannibal faz, com tanta perfeição, é ressignificar um personagem tão rico.
Com total liberdade para isso, Brian Fuller (o showrunner da série) faz de Hannibal um show de mitologia, tornando o personagem de Hannibal Lecter no verdadeiro Diabo, pronto para expurgar da terra os fracos e burros e buscar, nos fortes e inteligentes sua vitalidade e interesse. Muito mais que um seriado policial, Hannibal é um estudo da condição humana — de maneiras estremas, é claro —, e uma história de amor sobre dois personagens que são, ao mesmo tempo, melhores amigos e piores inimigos.
Vivendo por três temporadas impecáveis (há possibilidades de uma quarta, ou de um filme de encerramento), a NBC proporcionou a melhor hora dramática na TV desde 2013. Hannibal é composto por um elenco impecável (Mads Mikkelsen interpreta o canibal sem medo de inevitáveis comparações com a performance de Anthony Hoppkins, criando um Hannibal só seu; e Hugh Dancy faz um vertiginoso Will Graham em uma atuação que faz uma carreira); uma história incrível — que inicia como um drama policial processual (cada semana um caso) para uma verdadeira caçada humana; e o mais belo valor de produção de toda a TV, com visuais incríveis e uma trilha-sonora perfeita. Se a cancelou na terceira temporada, ao menos fez com coragem. A emissora simplesmente permitiu exibir um homem comendo sua própria perna no jantar.
Charmosa, emocionante e construída com perfeição, Hannibal é a série de TV que você precisa assistir agora. Se você conhece as histórias dos livros ou dos filmes, ficará impressionado em como Dragão Vermelho foi adaptado, e surpreso em como a série trabalhou em cima de um material medíocre como os dois livros finais (Hannibal e Hannibal: O Início). Se um dia teremos uma continuação para ver o que será feito sobre o material de O Silêncio dos Inocentes, eu não posso nem imaginar no que Hannibal poderá se tornar.
Hannibal é a ressignificação de um dos personagens mais notáveis da cultura recente. É um trabalho soberbo de técnica. É uma mitologia construída no ombro de gigantes, desde os gregos até a literatura moderna. É uma obra-prima desvelada semanalmente. É indispensável pra qualquer alma.
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yetistircocuk · 3 years
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21 Haftalık Hamile
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Rahminiz göbek deliğinizdedir, bu nedenle mide ekşimesi veya hazımsızlık olabilir. Sadece daha sık geğirmen gerekebilir. Aç hissetmeseniz bile, tavsiye edilen sağlıklı yiyecekleri yemeye çalışın. İnsanlara İş Yerinde Anlatmak Henüz yapmadıysanız, hamileliğiniz hakkında işvereniniz ve iş arkadaşlarınızla konuşma zamanı gelmiş olabilir. Bu, işyerinizin doğum izninizi karşılayacak düzenlemeler yapması gerektiğinde yardımcı olacaktır. Arkadaşlarınızdan ilk hamile kalan sizseniz, bazı arkadaşlar nasıl hissettiğinizi anlamayabilir. Pek çok insan, arkadaşlık çevrelerinin hamilelik sırasında ve doğumdan sonra çocuklu daha fazla insanı içerecek şekilde değiştiğini fark eder. Bazı arkadaşlıkların doğal olarak ortadan kalktığını fark edebilirsiniz ve bu sorun değil. 21 Haftalık Hamileyken Bebeğiniz Bebeğiniz bunun peşinde: - Bebeğiniz baştan aşağı 18 cm ölçülerindedir ve yaklaşık 390 gram ağırlığındadır. - Bebeğinizin bacakları büyüdü ve bebeğinizin vücuduyla daha orantılı görünüyor. - Bebeğinizin beyni büyüyor, ancak yüzeyi hala pürüzsüz. Referanslar - Curtis, G.B., & Schuler, J. (2011). Your pregnancy week by week. Boston, MA: Da Capo Lifelong Books. - Gabbe, S.G., Niebyl, J.R., Galan, H.L., Jauniaux, E.R., Landon, M.B., Simpson, J.L., & Driscoll, D.A. (2012). Obstetrics: Normal and problem pregnancies. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders. - Hughes, K. (2009). Pregnancy and childbirth: A Cochrane pocketbook. British Journal of Midwifery, 17(8), 542-542. doi: 10.12968/bjom. Read the full article
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