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weemsbotts · 11 months
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How to Catch a Burr
By: Lisa Timmerman, Executive Director
Caesar Augustus Rodney undoubtedly cursed the roads around Dumfries in March 1807. Tasked with advising President Thomas Jefferson on the situation with Aaron Burr, Rodney struggled to find fast transport out of Dumfries to verify Burr’s capture and whereabouts. In a series of letters that lamented the lengths he took to obtain accurate news, we can both emphasize his complaints against the roads and find some familiarity with his need for social networking.
On 03/22/1807, President Thomas Jefferson asked Rodney to meet with him to discuss ways of taking Burr to Richmond as fast as possible. Unfortunately for Burr, this was not for a social engagement or political campaign. Instead, it stemmed from his suspected treason and looming treason trial court case. On 03/26/1807, Rodney wrote to Jefferson bemoaning the roads noting it would take him three days to travel from Dumfries to Richmond. While Rodney waited for more horses, he reported,
“This gentleman says that Burr arrived at Fredericksburg yesterday about three O Clock. Reports stated that some country men who knew him apprehended him not far from thence in the woods where he was travelling alone. They called out some of the militia to their aid under whose charge he was brought to Fredericksbg & who sat off with him this morning for Richmond before the gentleman who is my informant left Fredericksburg which was at half past nine O. Clock. I think the information so far as it relates to Burr’s having been actually taken to Fredericksburg yesterday, & from thence this morning to Richmond. I presume the messenger sent by Genl. Dearborn reached Fredericksburg last night in the stage & not before, & that he has ordered Burr to Richmond.”
Rodney dramatically finished his letter as he hastened to Fredericksburg to verify these statements and Burr’s whereabouts, noting he deemed it “a duty I owe to you & my country.”
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(The Arrest of Aaron Burr, The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Print Collection, The New York Public Library. "The arrest of Aaron Burr" New York Public Library Digital Collections. Accessed May 10, 2023)
Rodney reported from Bowling Green the following day with more information regarding the particulars of Burr’s capture, including Burr’s disguise.
“On the subject of Burrs arrest &c. I received the following information from Mr. Farish the keeper of the Inn at Fredericksburg, to which they brought Burr. He had it from Perkins in whose charge he was. I send it to you lest no other more correct may have reached you yet, as we were without any intelligence on the subject when I left Washington.
Burr was discovered in disguise by the Sherif of —— within 15. or 20 miles of the Spanish lines. He was dressed in a pair of striped Virginia cloth trousers, a white country yarn jacket, an old drab surtout & an old white hat. The Sheriff rode on with him until he met a country man going to fort Stoddart by whom he sent for some soldiers. Burr knew not, that he was so near the fort. As soon as he saw the soldiers he was alarmed & asked where they were going. The Sheriff told him they were merely ordered to another station. The soldiers came up, presented arms at him, & told him to surrender. This he did without resistance. On his way, at some little village in South Carolina he got off from his horse & called on the people who had collected to protect him, told them he had been twice acquitted & was a persecuted man &c. They told the guard to take him on & he was compelled to mount once more.”
Rodney did not neglect to include a diatribe against the roads he deemed “so intolerably bad” as he lamented his harrowing journey to Fredericksburg followed by his carriage ride to Bowling Green. Rodney relied upon this news from Mr. Farish, proprietor of the Inn at Fredericksburg, who received the info from Mr. Perkins, the man in charge of the party leading Burr to Richmond. Supposedly, Burr was still in his disguise and wished to see or speak to no one on his forced travel.
Not having news media to rely upon, Rodney ceaselessly used his connections in Dumfries and Fredericksburg to receive updates and utilize his own scouts. He indicated waiting to see “Mr. Henderson of the Marine” to meet with his brother, but finding the brother had already departed Dumfries, Rodney turned to people arriving from Fredericksburg, reporting that “country men” apprehended Burr as he traveled the countryside alone near Fredericksburg. Once Rodney reached Fredericksburg, he confirmed that Burr had received habeas corpus, which he was unable to prevent. However,
“I wrote to Mr. Hay to employ two of the ablest counsel, lest Burr should then anticipate us. I shall in consultation add a third when I get there. I presume Wirt & Wickham will be employed by Mr. Hay, unless Burr has retained Wickham immediately on his arrival.”
The trial began on 05/22/1807 in Richmond. Rodney, George Hay, William Wirt, and Alexander McCrae served as the prosecution while Edmund Randolph, John Wickham, Benjamin Botts (woo!), Charles Lee, and Luther Martin served as the defense, along with Burr. While not discussing the actual trial (it deserves multiple blogs!), Burr’s alleged attempt to take over portions of the Louisiana Territory and declare himself Emperor always raises a few eyebrows. As our young country was still flexing its international muscles and trying to retain a place of dignity and strength as a global force while maintaining neutrality, the threat of war with Spain was a very real possibility, and Burr’s decision to step down as Jefferson’s Vice President was quickly followed by his communication with his friend General James Wilkinson, the new governor of the Louisiana Territory. A series of letters between the two highlight Burr’s planned military expedition as well as his attempts to garner support on his behalf, correspondents later claiming Burr attempted to incite the people in the territory against the U.S.
Much of the trial focused on Blennerhassett’s Island, where resources, supplies, and people had started amassing for the military campaign. Burr and his brilliant defense argued that he was one hundred miles away from the island at the time of the trial, and if the people on the island did not face treason, neither should Burr. Presiding Chief Justice John Marshall agreed in his incredible three-hour opinion read to the court. Marshall then excluded any evidence related to the island, pretty much ensuring the jury could not find Burr guilty on the Neutrality Act charge.
President Jefferson was unhappy. He considered a range of actions against Marshall, including possible impeachment, but most of his anger and rage vented through letters. On 09/20/1807, he wrote to General Wilkinson,
“…the scenes which have been acted at Richmond are such as have never before been exhibited in any country where all regard to public character has not yet been thrown off. they are equivalent to a proclamation of impunity to every traiterous combination which may be formed to destroy the Union: and they preserve a head for all such combinations as may be formed within, and a center for all the intrigues & machinations which foreign governments may nourish to disturb us.”
As Jefferson continued to fume at Marshall, really demonstrating the unique and tense relationship between the two, Burr made sure to absent himself from further trials. Notably, after hearing news regarding the state of unrest in Texas in the 1830s, he remarked, “There! You see? I was right! I was only thirty years too soon. What was treason in me thirty years ago, is patriotism now.” Even today, scholars still debate the treason charge. As for Botts? He did not receive a great review from Jefferson either,
“Burr preserves a firm Mind & his Talents & resources are on the stretch, He can instruct his Counsel, yet he is ably supported by Wickham & Martin, and Botts appears to be an indefatigable, act[ive,] scrutinizing drudge.”
Read all the court case documents here along with excellent historic contextual info!
Note: Did you read the latest May 2023 edition of The Town Crier? Instead of frowning and shaking your head no, click here to read about upcoming free programs with HDVI!
(Sources: “From Thomas Jefferson to Caesar Augustus Rodney, 22 March 1807,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/99-01-02-5331. [This is an Early Access document from The Papers of Thomas Jefferson. It is not an authoritative final version.]; “To Thomas Jefferson from Caesar Augustus Rodney, 26 March 1807,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/99-01-02-5360. [This is an Early Access document from The Papers of Thomas Jefferson. It is not an authoritative final version.]; “To Thomas Jefferson from Caesar Augustus Rodney, 27 March 1807,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/99-01-02-5369. [This is an Early Access document from The Papers of Thomas Jefferson. It is not an authoritative final version.]; “From Thomas Jefferson to James Wilkinson, 21 June 1807,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/99-01-02-5788. [This is an Early Access document from The Papers of Thomas Jefferson. It is not an authoritative final version.]; Linder, Douglas O. Famous Trials: The Treason Trial of Aaron Burr. UMKC School of Law: https://famous-trials.com/burr/156-home)
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eyetcsuffolk · 1 year
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Eye Cemetery needs volunteers to join a working group recording names from the graves in the oldest part of the cemetery. Would you like to be involved in this exciting historic project in Eye Suffolk @greendoordecorative @fleurs_artisan_florist @eyehairandbeautysalon @eyehandyman @eyeprimarysuffolk @hartismere #endoflife #cemetery #greenburial #headstone #headstones #chaples #crematorium #graveyard #volunteer #tree #trees #vegatation #cemertaryview #morial #mayson #stonemayson #group #historic #localhistory #placeofrest #coffin #willowbasket #renovation #regenaration #reccords (at Eye Market Town) https://www.instagram.com/p/CqFwwv8oNQC/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=
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isispoet-blog · 2 years
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Join us on Monday 26 September @ 4-6pm (UK) @ Kensal Library 20 Golborne Road, London W10 5PF When we invite you to spend time with members of Kelso's family, Millicent and Wayne Christian, hear their reflections and how Kelso has shaped their lives and to make suggestions about what we should include in it. We are also keen to get local people involved in shaping and expanding this archive.
 The Kelso Cochrane Archive was established in 2019 at Kensal Library as part of the 60th Anniversary commemoration of his death. The archive is intended to celebrate the dynamic, incomparable history and heritage of North Kensington. It is hoped that it will be a living archive, it will grow and be a place to be fascinated, educated, angered and motivated by the stories that have shows who we are, not only locally but beyond our borders. We have set up the Kelso Cochrane archive so that his name will live on for all generations to reflect upon his life and times and our collective journey the good, the bad and the ugly. More info here: https://trellicktower.com/50 #kelsocochrane #kensal #archive #archives #socialhistory #localhistory #localhistorymatters #blackhistory #blackhistory365 #antigua https://www.instagram.com/p/Ci2zN_VorYl/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=
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wemhall · 2 years
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Patsy, Duke, and Buchanan Hall
Patsy, Duke, and Buchanan Hall
How could you not possibly like a local place, where both Patsy Cline and Duke Ellington have performed in the past? Buchanan Hall, a small venue just down the road in Upperville, VA, hosted both of those greats during it’s storied past. The best part? The Hall continues as a focus for music and good times today with their weekly Farmers Market. Buchanan Hall has existed since the late 1920s,…
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escondidolibrary · 1 month
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Join us on Saturday, February 24, 11:00 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. at the Pioneer Room next to our library for our next walking tour!
Our walking tour will be for a half mile and leisurely paced in Escondido Public Library’s neighborhood to learn about the history and architectural styles of its historic homes and buildings. The route will start from Pioneer Room and head south on Kalmia Street to 5th Avenue, west to Broadway, to 2nd Avenue, and ending back at the Pioneer Room for an archival tour.
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designerpropo · 4 months
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North Dakota vintage style retro souvenir
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mikemooremedia · 7 months
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Jim Ivey, Eden Historical Museum. Record your memories, personal stories, at RiverFest Friday and Saturday. Digitize your old photos, watch local history videos, talk with an ancestry/genealogy specialist. David Campt, The Dialogue Company; MARC, Museum and Archives of Rockingham County, supported by the NC Arts Council.
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Not just run-of-the-mill operations: A look at Fox's and Shutts'
By Jonathan Monfiletto
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By my count, according to a map of the Keuka Lake Outlet Trail, there are 13 mill sites along the approximate 7 miles of trail from Penn Yan – heading toward Seneca Lake – to Dresden. Perhaps there have been other sites than those 13 throughout the history of white European settlement along the outlet, and of course, the mill sites have had various owners and managers over time – thus multiplying the number of different mill companies over time as well.
In addition to the mill sites themselves, a series of pamphlets produced at one time by the Yates County Historian’s Office includes the history of the Crooked Lake Canal – a series of 28 locks that lowered boats 270 feet from Keuka Lake to Seneca Lake – and the Fall Brook Railroad, which eventually replaced the canal and used the towpath for its tracks. Indeed, what the Seneca in the area called the Minnesetah River – and what white European settlers renamed the Crooked Lake Outlet and we know nowadays as the Keuka Lake Outlet – has had a vibrant industrial history.
In fact, witnessing the rushing waters of the outlet and realizing this was a good location for mills, homes, and a community – as I once read in one source – is what drew the Society of Universal Friends to desire to establish the New Jerusalem here. Nowadays, Birkett Mills may be the only mill site still in active operation – though it no longer uses waterpower, so it might not be a true mill – but the memories are alive and well thanks to the Keuka Lake Outlet Trail.
The Friends of the Outlet – the nonprofit organization tasked with preserving and maintaining the trail that winds its way along the outlet – have been particularly interested in a couple of mill sites along the trail. Since I have assisted group members in researching the mill sites – learning more about their history and locating contemporary photographs of them – I have wanted to capture the history of both of these mill sites for myself by writing an article about them, as I am doing now.
Among the 13 mill sites the Keuka Lake Outlet Trail identifies on its map, Fox’s Mill and Shutts’ Mill have recently gained the attention of the Friends of the Outlet. Both modern-day sites are accessible from the Fox’s Mill trailhead, not too far from the intersection of East Elm Street/Outlet Road with Cornwell Street. Fox’s Mill sits just west of the trailhead, while Shutts’ Mill is located a few mill sites to the east.
Both are named for the men who eventually took over the respective sites, though both sites have extensive histories long before these men owned the property. In the interest of time and space – and to encourage you to visit the sites for yourself along the outlet trail – I will cover the histories of the mill sites from the periods of the ownerships of their namesakes.
The Fox chapter of the Fox’s Mill story began in 1865, when brothers Lewis and William Fox, of Schoharie, signed an agreement to build a paper mill on the site. They bought the property, which consisted of a gristmill and sawmill, and the water rights. By 1870, the paper mill was up and running with two wheels and a steam engine, and it operated year-round with a workforce of nine men and two women. Straw, coal, and lime were used to make wrapping paper.
In 1882, William Fox – known as Harry – took Perley Curtis as a partner, and they operated the business as Fox & Curtis for the next 23 years. During this time, the mill made various grades of wrapping paper, producing six to nine tons each day on two machines. The plant became known as Keuka Mills. Both wheat and rye straw could be used in the process, but rye was considered essential since it strengthened the finished product.
Curtis retired in 1905, but Fox’s eldest son, William, had become a partner in 1900. His third son, Harry, entered the business in 1911, the year before Fox’s death. Around that time, rye wrapping and corrugating paper remained the mill’s product. Production increased to between 15 and 17 tons a day, and water and steam were still the power sources. About 30 men were employed; when the mill underwent its annual overhaul and the papermaking machinery was shut down, the men were kept on to clean and make repairs.
In 1915, a spectacular fire erupted and destroyed the straw barn and 600 tons of straw, resulting in an estimated loss of $8,000. During the 1920s, hydroelectric interests acquired the property along with much of the reset of the water rights along the outlet. After John Fox acquired his brothers’ interest, he sold the mill to E.L. Phillips in November 1926 and included all of the real estate and water rights owned by W.H. Fox & Sons. John Fox remained with the company as mill manager, and in 1939 the firm bought the property back without the water rights.
By that point, Fox’s Mill was the only straw paper mill remaining east of the Mississippi River; the manufacture of wrapping paper had been discontinued, and the mill was producing corrugated cardboard. However, a flood in 1943 caused by the dam washing out and a fire in 1946 that swept through the mill building provided the final straws for the mill. Though there were plans to rebuild the plant as soon as the proper papermaking machinery could be found, those plans never came to fruition. The story of Fox’s Mill as an active mill site ended there.
Shutts’ Mill, when it took on that name in the 1870s, became known as Yates County’s first true industrial sites. At that time, there were at least four separate milling enterprises on one site, and John A. Shutts began to assemble the various properties into one. In April 1875, he bought the gristmill and its eight-acre parcel from Robert Halsey. The following year, he bought the land occupied by the spoke factory from Frederick Woodhull.
In 1882, Peter Parshall sold his triphammer and the right to operate the spoke machine on the premises to Shutts. Two years later, Shutts erected his own spoke factory on the premises. Throughout the decade, he continued to buy small parcels adjoining his factory until the property totaled 11 acres. In a partnership with George A. Wilson, the spoke manufacturing operation ceased and the factory was converted to making straw board.
Shutts formed a corporation called the Shutts Manufacturing Co. and signed all of the property over to it. Shutts himself retired in 1906, but the mill property remained operating for 25 more years under various ownerships. High water destroyed the dam in December 1930, and the dam was never rebuilt. A fire destroyed the mill for good on Halloween night in 1933.
Former Yates County Historian Frances Dumas’ extensive research and writing about the various mill sites provided the history captured in this article. And these are just two of the 13 mill sites indicated on the outlet trail map. You can go for a walk along the Keuka Lake Outlet and explore these sites and engage in our history.
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otaviogilbert · 7 months
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Star Drug Store | Stay Galveston
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"Step into nostalgia at the Star Drug Store, a cherished landmark in Galveston! 🌟 Discover a blend of history and modern charm as we take you on a journey through this iconic establishment. From its vintage soda fountain and classic pharmacy to its unique gifts and cozy ambiance, there's something for everyone to enjoy at the Star Drug Store. Join us as we explore the past and present of this Galveston gem! ✨🍨🎁
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ianfulgar · 8 months
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Take a trip through history and explore the stunning architecture of Vigan City, the perfect embodiment of the Philippines' unique cultural identity. This article looks at how the style of architecture in the Philippines has changed over time, from its Spanish colonial roots to today's modern buildings. Learn how the city's rich cultural heritage has shaped its buildings and how they have changed over time. READ: https://www.ianfulgar.com/architecture/architecture-of-the-philippines-then-and-now/ . . #history #architecturelover #historyfacts #architecturelove #historyinthemaking #oldarchitecture #historylesson #knowyourhistory #localhistory #beautifularchitecture #vigancity #historymade #architectureinlife #architectureph #architecturestyle #architectureblog #architecture #philippine #vigan #architectureandpeople #architecturepicture #philippineimages #city #streets #spanish #colonial
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corkcitylibraries · 9 months
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When JFK came to Cork | 28 June 1963
by Mary Horgan
This summer marks the 60th anniversary of the visit of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 35th President of the United States of America, to Cork.  As part of his historic four-day trip to Ireland, five months before his assassination in Dallas on 22nd November 1963, he visited Wexford, Dublin, Galway, Limerick and Cork.  JFK’s eight great grandparents had emigrated to America during the 19th century.  Welcoming him back to the homeland of his ancestors was for so many, like welcoming one of their own home again. 
Interestingly, a visit to Cork was not originally on the agenda, but anticipation rose two weeks before the president’s arrival in the country, when the Evening Echo reported that ‘Mr. Kennedy himself had asked specifically that Cork be included as part of his Irish itinerary’ as some of his ancestors had hailed from the county.
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Evening Echo, 14 June 1963
But also, Cork people don’t like to be excluded and can be very persuasive; remember, how in 2011, Cork made certain that Queen Elizabeth II would not leave Ireland without visiting the city.  At a meeting of Cork Corporation on 26 May 1963, it was agreed that the Freedom of Cork should be offered to President Kennedy.  On 11 June, he was formally nominated and elected a freeman of the city of Cork, with the actual conferring to take place during his visit on 28 June 1963.  This was the second time that a U.S. president became a Freeman of Cork; the first being, Woodrow Wilson, in 1919.  As the day of the visit drew closer, the public learnt more about the planned itinerary through the local press.  On 21 June, Lord Mayor Seán Casey, T.D. issued an appeal to employers to allow their staff time off work to welcome the U.S. President and requested that businesses and houses along the route of the motorcade would decorate their premises for the occasion.  Sixty telephone lines and specialized wired photograph facilities for members of the world’s press were installed in the City Hall and 900 gardaí were allocated to be on duty during the Cork visit. 
On the morning of Friday 28 June 1963, five helicopters left Dublin carrying JFK and entourage.  Shortly after 10a.m. the sound of helicopters could be heard above the streets of Cork.  Ten minutes later, the President landed safely on the square in Collins Barracks, on the north side of the city. The official welcoming party included Lord Mayor Seán Casey, Jack Lynch, T.D. who was Minister for Industry and Commerce at the time and Walter McEvilly, the City Manager.  The combined pipe bands of the 4th and 12th Infantry Battalions played ‘The Boys from Wexford’ and ‘Kelly the Boy from Killane’. 
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President Kennedy inspects a Guard of Honour as he departs Collins Barracks
(Courtesy of Irish Examiner Archives)
The Presidential motorcade consisted of fourteen vehicles, including three buses for members of the world’s press and a Secret Service car – not a common site on the streets of Cork.  An estimated 100,000 people, some carrying American flags, lined the streets, as the motorcade made its way down Summerhill, along MacCurtain Street, over Patrick’s Bridge, then along Patrick Street, Grand Parade, South Mall and over Brian Boru Bridge to the City Hall.  
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(The Irish Times, 29 June 1963)
The bells of Shandon rang out across the city, and it seemed that at almost every corner, musicians felt compelled to show their joy at the visit by taking up their instruments.  The Irish Times reported that: ‘Rose petals, confetti streamers and ticker tape were strewn along President Kennedy’s path as almost 100,000 Leesiders roared a Céad Míle Fáilte, again and again’.  Businesses had followed the Lord Mayor’s request to close and erected signs such as: ‘Closed, gone to meet President Kennedy’.  In their excitement, sometimes the crowds surged forward, eager to shake JFK’s hand, make eye contact, clap him on the back, thank him for coming, while concerned Secret Service men looked on.  But he was in no danger in this place, and he must have felt that because sometimes he even leaned forward from the car and brushed hands against the outspread fingers of people nearest the motorcade. 
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President Kennedy’s motorcade nears the top of Patrick Street
(JFK Library)
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President Kennedy accompanied by Lord Mayor Seán Casey waves to cheering crowds as the motorcade makes its way along Patrick Street
(Courtesy of Irish Examiner Archives)
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Evening Echo, 28 June 1963
When the motorcade finally arrived at the City Hall, 2,000 invited guests awaited the president inside the Concert Hall, where his entrance was greeted by a fanfare of trumpets from the Southern Command Band. 
On behalf of the city, the Lord Mayor welcomed him with the following words:
‘Throughout its long history, Cork has received many famous visitors from many parts of the world but I can confidently say that no man has ever come within our walls who is more welcome than John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 35th President of the great republic of the west, leader of the powerful nation to whom we all owe so much’.
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President Kennedy with his hands on the Freedom Casket as he accepts the Freedom of Cork in the City Hall
(Courtesy of Irish Examiner Archives)
President Kennedy accepted the Freedom Casket containing his Certificate of Freedom.  Designed by the well-known Cork firm, Wm. Egan & Sons, it was made of solid silver, gilded in fine gold, mounted on a plinth of Connemara marble and engraved with shamrock, Celtic design, the Cork Coat of Arms, the U.S. Eagle Crest and the Kennedy family crest. The President’s concluded his eight-minute speech, which was relayed over loudspeakers to the crowds outside with the following words:
‘So I must say Mr. Mayor, that when I am retired from public life, I will take the greatest pride and satisfaction in not only having been President of my own country but a Freeman of this City.’
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(Courtesy of Irish Examiner Archives)
This photo shows JFK leaving the City Hall en route to Marine One helicopter waiting at the Marina Park, Victoria Road, which is now known as Kennedy Park in his honour.  A crowd of about 5,000 had made their way there with some running in under the whirling blades of the helicopter.  The pilot had a difficult job to clear a path through the crowd before executing a take-off which had him hovering with the wheels almost touching the heads below. 
The Irish Times reported:
‘A White House Press Corps man wiped perspiration from his brow and said: “Gee, that was the most dangerous take-off I’ve ever seen in many years of covering American Presidents.  Cork outdoes anything I’ve seen before. I thought the mobbing in Berlin was bad, but now I know better.  My message home will be of this one helleva hooley we had in Cork.’
JFK’s visit to Cork was a short one, but in the words of The Cork Examiner:
‘Cork indeed will remember, and President Kennedy will never forget’.
Sources consulted for this post may be viewed at the Local Studies & Learning department, Grand Parade Library, Cork:
Harvey, Dan. & White, Gerry. The Barracks: A History of Victoria/Collins Barracks, Cork. 1997.
Tubridy, Ryan.  JFK in Ireland: Four days that changed a president. 2010
Quinlivan, Aodh.  The Freedom of Cork: A Chronicle of Honour. 2013. 
The Cork Examiner
Evening Echo
The Irish Times
Irish Examiner Archives
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weemsbotts · 1 year
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How Bull Run Mountain Got Its Name. Maybe.
By: Lisa Timmerman, Executive Director
Virginia folk legends embrace every aspect of our state, whether recording the details of a famous person, event, or location. Folklore is literally everywhere, from the graffiti found in public restrooms to documented narratives collected during the Virginia Writer’s Project in the 1940s. While the name “Bull Run” may automatically trigger Civil War history in your mind, go back further with Miss M.A. Ewell interviewed by Susan R. Morton in Haymarket, undated (1937-1942). Based on the date of Ms. Morton’s other interviews in PWC, this was probably recorded in 1941. Ms. Morton indicated she heard the same version of this tale told by others in the community.
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(Kitchin, Thomas. A new map of Virginia from the best authorities. [London: London Magazine, 1761] Map. https://www.loc.gov/item/2001627679/)
When the first settlers made their way along the Carolina Road which led from the Susquehanna to the Carolinas, the mountains to the west were of sinister repute. Wolves abounded, catamounts yowled in the night, and always there was the danger of brigands who hid there to waylay the travelers along the trail, to say nothing of the fierce Indians. So cattle that escaped from the droves along the road were often left behind rather than risk the dangers of a prolonged hunt for them on the mountainside. Thus it was a young bull breaking away from some settlers bringing their stock with them was left to roam at will. It grew to unusual proportions, and together with its great size, became so fierce that it was before long felt to be as great a menace to the peace of the community within a few miles of the mountain as the wild animals that roamed there at will. Hunters came home with tales of being chased by this ferocious beast, who seemed to have a great dislike for men. His body was massive and the footprints showed a cloven hoof that might have belonged to some animal that roamed the hills before the advent of man. His roar could be heard over half a mile, yet, in spite of his size, which would have been supposed to make him ungainly, he was so swift that nine had ever been able to [get] within shot of him. With the approach of winter he came near the dwellings of the settlers at the foot of the mountain, frightening women and children, several of whom had had a narrow escape; so it was finally decided to form a group of well-armed men and run the bull until captured, the one to fire the fatal shot to have the meal.
The news of the proposed chase was spread throughout the countryside, and it was a challenge to the men to show their courage and skill, as well as a promise of a good supply of meat. The day designated found a large sports-loving group assembled at the foot of the mountain where the trail could be easily followed. Some of the men went from a sense of duty to rid the section of a menace; others in the hope of adding to their frugal fare in the winter to come; and the younger men for the joy of such heroic sport. They started at sunrise, and it was not until after several hours of hard work and futile riding that they came in sight of their quarry, who took them in mad pursuit over the rough trails, through heavy underbrush, showing remarkable speed for an animal of his size. Some of the horses became exhausted, some riders too, until finally as the autumn dusk became near there were but a very few left. However, the bull had slowed his pace, and finally he turned in a small ravine and was about to charge when two almost simultaneous shots felled him.
This led to an argument as to who had fired the shot that reached his heart first. But it was finally settled to the apparent satisfaction, and the victor proceeded to claim the spoils. Finding the carcass more than he could handle, he promised a hundred weight to anybody who could stay and help him skin it and cut it up. This was accomplished, but darkness was upon them by then, so the helper left with a forequarter for himself, and a hindquarter strapped to the back of the victor’s horse, which he was to lead back and get the man;s son to come with a fresh horse as well as his to carry down the remainder of the meat. He built a fire to warm himself as well as keep prowling beasts away. He cooked himself bits of the meat while he waited with growing impatience for the returning rider. He was very exhausted from the day’s work and excitement, and it was cold as the night drew on, so he wrapped himself in the hide of the bull and before long was in a sound sleep.
So sound in fact that he did not hear a rider approach. The rider, instead of his expected son, was the one that had helped with the skinning of the bull. He had merely taken it to his home, kept the other horse there, and returned with a fresh horse to get the rest of the meat, expecting that by a delay he would find owner asleep. He proceeded to cut ip the meat so that it could be tied to the horse. He worked hastily in the darkness so he could get away before the return of the owner, whom he thought had merely gone a short distance in search of help. To complete the job, he tied the tail of the bull to the horse and started off at a gallop to get out of sight as soon as possible. All at once he heard terrified screams and curses coming out of the hide, the sleeper being so rudely awakened and realizing that he, as well as the meat, was being stolen. [He] soon caught the culprit, a desperate fight ensuing. Searchers later found them both, too battered to make their way home, and an easy prey for wolves.
While unique to the area, the folklore of the bull falls into recognizable world-wide motifs. Thompson’s motif-index and the Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index (ATU) are extremely helpful when analyzing folktales. These descriptive and exhaustive catalogues identify common motifs across all cultures, providing a structured and organized hierarchy that we can use to find similar folktales. This folk legend falls within three of those motifs: Devastating Bull, Bellow of bull heard over great distance, and Task: killing fierce bull. According to Thompson’s motif-index, these cross with both Greek and Irish folktales. The people telling their narratives relied upon their family’s experiences, oral stories, and their own knowledge to craft an understanding of the region they inhabited. According to Folklorist Thomas E. Barden, place names “support the attitudes and morals of their group, express its anxieties, give advice, and recognize and sometimes resolve social and personal ambiguities.” It can also entertain, identify important issues to the culture, features of the land, and change/evolve. While Miss Ewell told a tale warning of dangerous animals, greed, and honesty, perhaps you heard something different from your family and friends. Folklore and history are not static – as we continue analyzing primary documents and pulling at the threads of folktales for tasty historical nibbles, we constantly evaluate and gain better insight into the people living in Virginia.
Note on transcribed interviews: A subsidiary of the WPA Federal Writers’ Project, Virginia field workers collected over 3,850 folklore across sixty-two counties from 1937–1942.
(Sources: Barton, Thomas E., ed. Virginia Folk Legends. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1991)
Note: Did you know we host everything from classes crafting beautiful winter décor to monthly sessions focused on literary & historic short stories featuring a delicious tea from local shop Leaf & Petal? You can find all our current seasonal events here!
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literarylovebirds · 10 months
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Dreams Beyond Dust - 3 Whispers of the Hidden Flame (on Wattpad) https://www.wattpad.com/1352162575-dreams-beyond-dust-3-whispers-of-the-hidden-flame?utm_source=web&utm_medium=tumblr&utm_content=share_reading&wp_uname=SherwinAlar8&wp_originator=6OeXcb6sVs%2FfajpRdhLaf%2BI%2B1dYif68wHoNYCydMPeg3D%2BX3Gyw8uv%2BagMqvEVNrJ1y%2BM1JxgNurePAEZc22am5xZ2O%2FoL9QQ3c1cmlHcu2fhDYSTtOwMchQysCBcKKy Dreams Beyond Dust is a compelling tale set in Moncada, where two young people, Delfin and Isabela, meet in a bygone period. Delfin, an industrious child, wants a Western education to escape his humble circumstances. Isabela, the beautiful daughter of a wealthy Spanish official, dreams of love that defies society. They meet and form a love tale that defies social norms and changes their lives. "Dreams Beyond Dust" addresses ambition, tenacity, and the power of love in pursuing aspirations.
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aschambersauthor · 1 year
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Greyhound Bridge spanning the River Lune. Did you catch my Spalluccipedia Short video about it yesterday? #bridge #lancaster #localhistory (at Lancaster, Lancashire) https://www.instagram.com/p/CphnEYgKV4M/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=
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escondidolibrary · 1 month
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Join us on Thursday, February 22, 6:00 to 7:00 p.m. for our next Historic Look at Escondido!
We'll take an informative look at the history and architectural designs of the Escondido Public Library and its neighboring homes and buildings. The talk will include historical photographs of the Carnegie Library and of the historic homes and buildings in the area.
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Discovering your local history is an interesting and fun way to spend your free time. There are plenty of historical attractions in and around Chesapeake, VA, so next time you fancy a day out jump in the car and learn something new while having a great time too!
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