This week on Great Albums, I finally explain the deal with that record you’ve seen in the background of these videos, with those dudes working in the office. These dudes used to be in the Human League! Oh, and they really hate fascism. Full transcript of the video after the break.
Welcome to Passionate Reply, and welcome to Great Albums! Today, I’ll be looking at the debut album of Heaven 17: 1981’s Penthouse & Pavement. While you may not be familiar with Heaven 17, chances are pretty good that if you know your Western pop, you’ve heard of the Human League! Before forming Heaven 17, Ian Craig Marsh and Martyn Ware were members of the Human League--and they were also the band’s creative core. But they had a very different artistic vision, and one that doesn’t exactly prefigure the success of hits like “Don’t You Want Me.”
Music: “Being Boiled”
Between its plodding electronics and inscrutable lyricism, “Being Boiled” is pretty far from a pop hit. When Marsh and Ware left the Human League, they were keen to continue pursuing this sort of underground, experimental, quasi-industrial direction. Initially, the two of them formed the British Electronic Foundation, or “B.E.F.” It was chiefly a production company that worked with other artists, though they also released some instrumental music under this name. With the recruitment of vocalist Glenn Gregory, who Marsh and Ware had initially intended to front the Human League in the first place, they were set to get right back into the groove of what they had been up to before.
Music: “Fascist Groove Thang”
“Fascist Groove Thang” is the opening track of Penthouse & Pavement, and was one of its chief singles. While it’s much less ambiguous than “Being Boiled,” and much easier to dance to, it’s still got a lot of that subversive, underground charm--enough to get banned by the BBC, anyway. I know they always say that history rhymes, but it’s one of those songs from this era that really feels like it belongs more in our time than the one it came from. I like to think that its unforgettable chorus sounds more like a chant you might hear at a protest march, as opposed to something that belongs in a proper song. “Fascist Groove Thang” is actually based on an instrumental track by BEF, which was simply called “Groove Thang” before being reworked into this political anthem. Both versions are indeed pretty groovy, thanks in large part to the bass guitar work of session musician John Wilson. Compared to their work with the Human League, Penthouse & Pavement has an overall richer sonic palate, with more of those traditional instruments, as well as backing vocals. You’ll hear a lot of those on the album’s title track:
Music: “Penthouse & Pavement”
Penthouse & Pavement’s title track is the longest track on the album, clocking in at over six minutes. Between that, the lush instrumentation, and the honour of being the title track, it certainly feels like an anti-capitalist epic, dramatizing and dignifying the inner thoughts of a common wage-slave. The first side of the album, dubbed the “Pavement Side,” is where you’ll find both of these tracks, and it seems to deal chiefly with working-class struggles, as well as having a bigger emphasis on that bass-heavy groove, musically. Naturally, then, the flip is the “Penthouse Side,” it’s more melodic, and it seems to focus more on the lives of the rich and famous...though it isn’t quite that straightforward.
Music: “We’re Going To Live For a Very Long Time”
“We’re Going To Live For a Very Long Time” is perhaps the clearest expression of the idea of the upper classes living in their own protected bubble, shielded from plebeian woes. There’s a religious dimension to it, in that the narrator manages to live without worries because of their assuredness that Heaven awaits them when they die...but, as the title reminds us, they’re also confident that Earth will be good to them, as well. In case you were worried this message might not be ironic, the song actually stops abruptly in the middle of its final refrain, providing a sudden end for that narrator--as well as closing out the entire LP with a bang, since this is the final track! The idea of the wealthy actively taunting those beneath them is also central to the most rhythmic track of the Penthouse Side, “The Height of the Fighting.”
Music: “The Height of the Fighting”
In “The Height of the Fighting,” that march-like chanting takes center stage again, but it feels very different here. Rather than embodying a sort of grassroots resistance to the consolidation of power, “The Height of the Fighting” seems to be the voice of authority and power coming downwards, fitting the theme of the Penthouse Side. The song’s assertions, like “if you can’t take it, fake it” and “they sent you to it, do it” could be interpreted as pithy, meaningless sayings--perhaps throwaway lyrics, taking up space on a single aimed squarely at the dance floor. However, if you know the context of the Penthouse Side, it’s hard not to see them as representations of the worthless advice the rich often give the poor. Get a job. Get a side hustle. Work harder. Eat out less. And so on. Much like the implicit messages about class in popular culture, “The Height of the Fighting” might seem disposable, but the thrust of what it’s saying is actually deeply warped. Another complex, and perhaps conflicted, track on the Penthouse Side is “Let’s All Make a Bomb”:
Music: “Let’s All Make a Bomb”
Songs against nuclear war were commonplace in Cold War-era music, but “Let’s All Make a Bomb” isn’t quite a typical example. At first, its slow pace and despondent melody make us think we’re getting the usual fare. But the return of that swelling, chant-like refrain style, as well as a closer inspection of the lyrics, reveal otherwise. As the title might imply, “Let’s All Make a Bomb” asks us what kind of character is actually crazy enough to *want* nuclear war, and the character Heaven 17 have chosen is a hedonistic libertine, who sees the end of the world as one big party. The atomic bomb is not a thing to be feared, but “a brand new toy, to idolize.” As dark as that is, the fact that it’s also part of the Penthouse Side, and ostensibly a representation of what those who hold influence and power believe, adds a whole new level of horror to it.
While I love album art, and my interest in it is the main reason I started collecting vintage vinyl, I think [the cover of Penthouse & Pavement just might be my favourite of all time. Penthouse & Pavement’s cover portrays the three members of Heaven 17 as though they were businessmen, co-opting motives like glass-paneled skyscrapers and the deal-making handshake straight from the 1980s corporate visual lexicon. They've even got cities they're allegedly based out of, one of which is their native Sheffield, England. If you look closely, there are a few hints that they’re actually a music band and not a firm, such as the reel-to-reel tape player in the upper right-hand corner, and the fact that in the lower left-hand corner, Martyn Ware is writing music in front of a keyboard. At the bottom, we also find the logo of B.E.F., which brings this grand “joke” full circle. As the “British Electronic Foundation,” they had also billed themselves as a faceless organisation, adopting a name that sounds more at home on a utility bill than an album cover. Here, the trio have done it again, in a bit of ruthless satire towards the rising “yuppie” culture of the 80s. Incidentally, the cover art is a traditional painting, credited to one Ray Smith. It wasn't unusual to commission paintings for album art at the time, but it does tickle me knowing a human being physically painted Heaven 17 as office workers. If the original ever came up for auction, I'd probably shell out for it. It would look great in my office!
Anyway, it’s also worth mentioning how the title “Penthouse & Pavement” adds to that corporate theme. The X-and-Y format recalls the names of many real-life firms and companies, such as Ernst & Young. A “penthouse” is an apartment located very high up in a tall, urban building. Such apartments are usually expensive, and are hence occupied by well-off tenants. “Pavement,” in this context, probably refers to what Americans call the “sidewalk,” the paved pathways where the less fortunate among us might walk past those penthouses, without ever getting too close. Each side functions as an ideal symbol of the kind of people it represents, and the physical gap between them is a visceral representation of economic inequality. The title is also quite pleasingly alliterative!
While Penthouse & Pavement maintains a certain underground integrity, which is consistent with Marsh and Ware’s track record as part of the Human League, it’s still much more of a pop record than anything they had done before. Heaven 17 never went quite as pop as the Human League did without them, and they certainly never saw the same level of mainstream success, but they did pursue an increasingly pop direction with their next several releases. Their 1983 followup, The Luxury Gap, delivers less of that hard-hitting critique of capital, but did produce some of their best-known singles, namely, “Temptation” and “Let Me Go.”
Music: “Let Me Go”
My favourite track on Penthouse & Pavement is “Geisha Boys & Temple Girls.” I like this track’s overall mysterious, otherworldly vibe--it’s not terribly easy to pin down what it’s really about, or what sort of mood it’s meant to convey. The intro to this song sounds more like Karlheinz Stockhausen than something you would hear in pop, and I love how strident and abrasive it is. Given its place as the opening track of the Penthouse Side, and its opening line, “look ahead, on the screen,” I’m tempted to interpret it as a representation of a fictional romance in television or film. It’s dramatic, unpredictable, exotic, and also completely fake and divorced from how people behave in the real world. The idea that entertainments and diversions are part of what shelters the rich from the consequences of their actions is another one of those things that makes this album continue to feel relevant. That’s all I have for today--thanks for listening!
Music: “Geisha Boys & Temple Girls”
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~ read The Bridgerton Eight here ~~
The Modern Bridgertons:
Violet Bridgerton (1965—)
married her high school sweetheart at 18;
loves blackberry pie;
is a fancy ass woman but always acts with humility;
is known and respected by everyone in Great Hamptons;
always remembers everybody’s names;
is the queen of charity events;
has an intense flare for the dramatic;
lighted a candle for her husband everyday he was at war;
was strong for her children when he died and never cried in front of them;
cried a lot, alone, at night, in her room;
always supports her children in all their endeavors;
is obsessed with marrying all of them because she doesn’t want them to waste the little time they might have with their loved ones;
Edmund Bridgerton (1965—2009)
his favorite pie is blackberry pie because that’s what Violet likes;
his grandfather turned BCorp into a corporate company;
under his charge, BCorp became a “green company”;
was an eleven as a dad;
whenever his children were upset, he’d take his hands and put them on both sides of their head and they would just breathe together;
he was called to war world II when he was 34;
he was discharged with honor two years later for saving a fellow soldier;
he was stung by bees and died of anaphylactic shock;
Anthony Bridgerton (1991—)
1,84 cm/ 6′0″;
all he ever wanted was to be half the man his dad was;
he had to step up as the man of the family at just 18 years old;
he has been running BCorp and supporting his family ever since;
doesn’t have time for a good time;
probably has forgotten what that is;
still, he’s been known to dally...
has a reputation as a player;
is afraid of intimacy;
work, work, work, work;
worries and protects every single one of his siblings because that’s what Dad would’ve wanted;
is always extra nice to his mother;
is dead scared of bees;
has hella good hair;
always dresses impeccably;
can be quite an ass.
Benedict Bridgerton (1993—)
1,87 cm; 6'2";
the artist of the family;
mostly paints landscapes;
doodles a lot;
often has paint on his hair and on his face and on his clothes;
is the only one who still goes to the family cabin by the beach;
graduated in fine arts at the Accademia di Belle Arti in Rome;
his paintings are sad and beautifully haunting;
believes in love at first sight;
is the tallest;the sweet Bridgerton;
is very protective of his sisters (that is the only thing that can prone him to violence, although in reality he wouldn’t hurt a fly);
very good with his hands;
a total and utter fool.
Colin Bridgerton (1997—)
1,75 cm; 5'9";
definitely the funny one;
the only one who has green eyes like Dad;
he's convinced that Holly Macclesfield is the love of his life, even after she cheated on him and got engaged to Nigel Berbrooke;
he travelled through Europe and Africa just to get away from the pain of it all;
he wrote a book about the things he's seen;
and the cultures he's experienced;
he majored in Greek and Roman architecture;
everybody likes him;
so charming, so handsome, so easy going;
the king of the easy smile;
he is never, ever, ever, ever sad;
he is never, ever, ever, ever mad;
what a dreamboat honestly.
Daphne Bridgerton (1998—)
1,68 cm;
slept with Eric Macclesfield and he broke up with her the following morning;
created a self-made business, the clothesline Daffiness;
is a fashion icon;
has a dying love for hats;
got a degree from the Université de Paris;
classy and edgy;
is the fun Bridgerton, always coming up with fun things to do;
wears a lot of sunglasses;
super independent woman who needs no man;
never, ever cries;
Eloise Bridgerton (2000—)
1,69 cm;
is a med-student in Sagaponak;
lively, talkative and genuinely fun;
sees the bright side in everything;
likes writing letters;
has zero time for men;
her favorite color was purple and she detested blood pudding;
the smart Bridgerton;
likes working with elders and children;
is very organized;
Francesca Bridgerton (2000—)
1,66 cm;
loves all things pretty;
is very feminine;
is very sensual;
always in perfect behavior;
the picture of sophisticated grace;
cares a lot about appearances;
a perfectionist;
is a seasoned liar;
had no filter;
spends most of her time at Flo’s Diner;
the love guru; she always knows when people have a thing for each other;
loves John *her boyfriend* in a platonic way;
has slept with a lot of boys; that is her way to hide what she really wants;
Gregory Bridgerton (2003—)
1,79 cm; 5'10";
he's favorite person in the world is Emma, the lunch lady;
he doesn't have a lot of friends, but he's friendly with a lot of people;
he notices the little people;
he's hungry ALL THE TIME;
he's secretly a fantastic cook;
he likes picnics;
outside, not inside;
he's tall and lanky;
the awkward Bridgerton;
he's a hopeless romantic and then just hopeless.
Hyacinth Bridgerton (2005—)
1,73 cm; 5'8";
she's one tough cookie;
she will kick your ass;
she likes solving mysteries;
she's very competitive and a sour loser;
her best friend is Lady Danbury for some reason;
she has boxing classes every Monday, Wednesday and Friday;
she's not very patient but extremely tenacious;
she's opinionated;
she will fight you;
the scary Bridgerton;
the tallest of her sisters.
Katharine Sheffield (1994—)
1,68 cm; 5'6";
she majored in politics with a master in women’s studies;
she lives in the wealthy manor of the mayor, who just happens to be her stepmother;
she's a pescetarian Monday through Wednesday, fruitarian Thursday through Sunday, and a vegetarian ALWAYS;
she volunteers for Greenpeace;
she's an atheist, or she tries to be;
clumsy as hell;has a great sense of humor;
has a corgi named Newton;
‘not the easy way but the right way’;
she hates when it rains because she's terrified of thunder;
her fiancé, Mason, dumped her on his surprise birthday party while the guests were hiding in the dark.
Edwina Sheffield (1998—)
1,52 cm;
the ‘Incomparable’ of 1953;
has buttery-colored hair and startling blue eyes;
likes reading and silent films;
petite and delicate;
Mayor Mary Sheffield (1976—)
has always been relatively wealthy;
married a very poor man;
Sophie Beckett (1996—)
1,57 cm; 5'2";
her father owned the Marvelous Penwood Hotel where she grew up;
her father was her best friend when he was alive;
her mother left them right after Sophie was born;
when Sophie was six, her father married the New York socialite Araminta Gunningworth;
he died soon after;
and because he didn’t leave a will, Araminta got everything—the hotel, the money and Sophie;
her best friends now are Mrs. Gibbons, the housekeeping supervisor, and Miss Timmons, the cook;
she is a fan of What everybody sees but nobody talks about;
because she needs to live vicariously through other people;
she works as a housemaid at Penwood Hotel;
she never gets a day off.
Araminta Gunningworth (1973—)
fabulously evil;
evil incarnated;
Rosamund Gunningworth (1996—)
1,57 cm;
has an interest in art;
works in a gallery;
helped curate the exhibition: What’s in a name?;
her real goal is to impress Benedict Bridgerton and then marry him;
over her rich, hot, dead body!
spoiled and fabulous;
Posy Gunningworth (1998—)
1,55 cm;
a Shakespeare fan, she was the one who came up with the idea for the What’s in a name?
never really lost her baby fat;
tries her best to be like her mother and sister;
isn’t very good at being mean;
likes food, especially cookies;
Penelope Featherington (2000—)
1,55 cm;
lives next door to Bridgerton Manor and often comes over for brunch;
is best friends with Eloise Bridgerton;
is the youngest of three sisters: Prudence, Philippa and Phoebe;
has flat chest and nose freckles;
bald head, flat chest, nose freckles and a dying sentence.
was just twelve and finishing 6th grade when she was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia which gives her shortness of breath and terrible headaches;
was bald during the entire time she was doing chemo; she hated the way she looked without hair and was always avoiding mirrors;
is the Hampton Girl;
started what everyone sees but nobody talks about when she was seventeen;
fell in love with Colin Bridgerton, her best friend’s brother, when she was fifteen;
studies journalism;
has a secret account currently filled with money;
Phoebe Featherington (1998—)
1,57 cm;
the second youngest Featherington;
is nicer than her older sisters;
doesn’t treat Penelope like she’s going to break at the slightest touch;
is actually pretty normal for a Featherington;
Philippa Featherington (1995—)
1,65 cm;
waaay to loud all the time;
you know when she’s in the room;
never stops talking;
never talks about anything interesting;
gossips 24/7;
Prudence Farber (1993—)
1,65 cm;
thinks she’s better than her sisters because she’s married, y’all;
has a son called Preston;
she married Penelope’s oncologist;
she can’t stop bringing up the fact that she married a doctor;
Portia Featherington (1969—)
Simon Basset (1991—)
1,85 cm;
has a stutter but hides like a pro;
was raised by Eva St. Clair;
is the sole heir of Global Hastings;
went to Harvard with Anthony Bridgerton;
lived abroad for most of his life;
is considered proud and above the company;
is actually just shy;
but also an arrogant little shit;
looks like he has no feelings whatsoever;
is in fact a very emotion person;
Philip Crane (1990—)
1,77 cm;
is one of the very few inhabitants of Sagaponack;
is a biology teacher with a PhD in botanic;
is not comfortable around people; prefers plants;
owns a greenhouse where he spends most of his time;
is unbelievably unaware of how good looking he is;
his wife suffered from deep depression which culminated in an attempted suicide, which he prevented, but resulted in her death anyway;
has twin children: Oliver and Amanda;
he likes the rain and his favorite color is green;
always looks morose;
hasn’t smiled in years;
Michaela Stirling (2000—)
1,65 cm; 5'5";
she believes that she and Francesca are soul mates;
she has a step brother called John who is currently dating Francesca;
she belongs to an old and important family of the tons;
she is as gay as they come;
her hobbies include music and Francesca;
she's taking art classes but what she's really passionate about it photography;
oh and Francesca.
John Stirling (2000—)
1,78 cm;
Lucinda Abernathy (2002—)
1,70 cm; 5'6";
she's a ballerina;
she's 100% invisible when she’s around her best friend Hermione;
which is all the time;
she still has both her parents;
she's very practical and honest;
a very grounded sort of girl;
she fake-dates Haselby.
Richard Abernathy (2000—)
Hermione Watson (2003—)
1,62 cm;
her family left town six years ago, but now they’ve returned;
lives next door to Lucy and they’ve been best friends since childhood;
is the most beautiful girl in town, taking the crowd from Francesca;
every boy wants her;
every girl wants to be her;
is surprisingly sweet and nice to everyone;
is secretly engaged to Lucy’s older brother;
Gareth St. Clair (2002—)
1,85 cm; 6'1";
his mother died in a car crash when he was five;
he used to disappear from school with his friends to party;
has a very difficult relationship with his father;
he's devastated when his brother George dies;
he becomes the partial owner of St. Clair Enterprises;
both he and his brother were registered with their mother's surname;
he's the only grandson of Lady Danbury;
he wears a lot of leather;
he rides a motorcycle;
he chainsmokes;
has a lot of anxiety.
George St. Clair (2000—2020)
1,78 cm;
the prodigal son;
smart, good-looking and well behaved;
got into Harvard;
got along with everyone;
was heir to half of half of St. Clair Enterprises;
died of pneumonia at the age of twenty-one;
Angelo Guido (1975—)
mean and violent;
nobody likes him;
doesn’t like anybody;
is in charge of the half of the half of St. Clair Enterprises which used to be belong to his wife and their son after her;
wants Gareth to sign the company over to him;
absolutely loathes Gareth;
Lady Emerauld St. Clair Danbury (1950—)
1,65 cm;
co-owner of St. Clair Enterprises;
the company was founded by her grandfather;
she gave half of half the company’s shares to each of her daughters, Isabella and Evanora;
after Isabella’s sudden death, her share was kept in the hands of her husband, Angelo Guido, until their eldest son was of age;
her husband was an oaf, but she was genuinely fond of him and had difficulty accepting his death;
has a sharp tongue;
walks with a cane she sometimes uses to hit people with;
Isabella St. Clair (1978—2007)
she married a man thirteen years her senior;
barely a year into the marriage, he grew mean and violent until their love died away;
a few years later, when Angelo was on a working trip, she fell in love with someone else and got pregnant;
was a great mother and spent a lot of times with her sons;
used to call them bambinos;
kept a diary in Italian;
she died in a car with her supposed lover;
Evanora St. Clair (1972—)
got a job as a nanny when she was fifteen;
it was supposed to be a temporary job, but Eva ended up staying for eighteen years;
still works with children at a helping center for children with learning and speaking disabilities;
never married or had children of her own;
Nigel Berbrooke (1995—)
Holly Macclesfield (1998—)
Colin’s high school sweetheart;
they were together for years until she dumped him to be with Nigel;
is a bimbo ass girl;
loves unitards;
Eric Macclesfield (1996—)
Daphne’s ex boyfriend;
broke up with her soon after she gave him her virginity;
total douchebag;
thinks no means yes;
deserves some good punches in that pretty face;
works for Global Hastings;
Mason (1990—)
the unfunny comedian;
he and Kate were engaged for three years;
broke up with her in his surprise birthday party unaware that the guests were hiding and listening;
stupid;
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