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mapmydestination123 · 2 months

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Almora: A Tranquil Getaway in Uttarakhand

Discovering the Hidden Gems of Almora: A Tranquil Retreat in Uttarakhand

Almora, serving as a gateway to the best of Uttarakhand, unfolds a mesmerizing tapestry of experiences beyond its bustling facade. Nestled amidst stunning snow views, dense jungles, idyllic villages, rare temples, and clear rivers, Almora proves to be a surprise package waiting to be untraveled. For those seeking seamless travel experiences, consider convenient outstation cab booking services to explore Almora and its hidden gems. Whether you prefer a serene solo trip or an adventurous escapade with friends, opting for a one way taxi service or car booking for outstation can enhance your journey.

Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary: Nature's Symphony

Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary, nestled just a 10-kilometer uphill drive from the main road to Almora town, is a haven of natural beauty and tranquility. Exploring this hidden gem is made even more convenient with options for outstation cab booking and one way taxi service.

As you delve into the heart of Uttarakhand's best-kept secret, the Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary reveals its wonders—birds singing in the tall trees, creating a symphony of nature. To enhance your experience, consider opting for a reliable car booking for outstation through the best outstation cab service.

Amidst the sanctuary, you'll encounter quaint villages, each with its own captivating stories waiting to be discovered. To seamlessly navigate through these intriguing locales, consider the convenience of best one way taxi and one side taxi service.

Katarmal Sun Temple: A Walk Through History

A 2km walk from the parking area, which is conveniently accessible through outstation cab booking, takes you to the enchanting Katarmal Sun Temple. The temple compound, shrouded in morning mist, boasts intricately designed walls and panels, providing a captivating experience for those who opt for one way taxi service to reach this historical site.

For a seamless journey, consider car booking for outstation, ensuring a comfortable and hassle-free travel experience. The best outstation cab service can enhance your exploration of the temple and its surroundings, allowing you to focus on the rich history and architectural marvels.

As you marvel at the ancient idol of Vraddhaditya, a sun God, bathed in the first rays of the sun, the lush forest backdrop creates a serene ambiance. This experience becomes even more delightful when accompanied by the convenience of the best one way taxi service, offering a smooth round trip cab booking for your exploration.

Walk to the Kosi River: Nature's Symphony Unveiled

A mesmerizing journey as you walk to the Kosi River from the Sun Temple, surrounded by a lush forest and charming villages. Jump from one smooth rock to another along the riverbanks, experiencing a delightful culture shock in the lap of nature's symphony.

For a seamless travel experience, consider convenient outstation cab booking services, ensuring a hassle-free ride to and from this enchanting destination. Opt for a reliable one way taxi service to make your journey to the Kosi River a comfortable and memorable experience.

Enhance your exploration with the best outstation cab service, offering top-notch comfort and reliability. Whether it's a one side taxi service or a round trip cab booking, prioritize convenience in your travel plans for a stress-free adventure.

Book a taxi for outstation and seamlessly transition from the Sun Temple to the tranquil Kosi River, enjoying the picturesque landscapes and cultural surprises along the way. Consider the ease of car booking for outstation to optimize your travel arrangements and focus on the beauty that unfolds during your stroll.

Patal Bhuvaneshwar Cave Visit: Unraveling Uttarakhand's Finest Enigma

Within the Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary, the Patal Bhuvaneshwar Cave beckons nature lovers. A 4 to 10-kilometer hike unveils a world of wildlife and winged creatures, offering an immersive experience in this exclusive corner of Uttarakhand.

Best Times to Visit Almora: Tailoring Your Experience

March to June is the popular tourist season, perfect for outdoor activities like paragliding, trekking, camping, and rafting. July to September brings heavy rainfall, offering lush green landscapes and solitude for those who prefer a quieter retreat. October to February brings chilly weather and snow in higher regions, appealing to winter enthusiasts.

Packing Tips for a Seamless Trip

Pack light, considering road travel. Cotton clothing is ideal for summer, while winter demands warmer layers. Sturdy walking shoes are a must, especially for hikes. Sunscreen, prescription medications, and electronic chargers for mobile and tablet devices ensure a comfortable stay.

Weather and Clothing:

Check the weather forecast before your trip. Almora experiences a pleasant climate, but it can get chilly, especially during the evenings.

Pack accordingly, including warm clothing, especially if you plan to explore higher altitudes or visit during the winter months.

Delhi to Almora Trip: Navigating the Journey

If planning a trip from Delhi to Almora, consider useful travel tips. A first glance may not do justice to Almora's charm, but venture beyond the bustling town to discover its quieter, greener side. Consider staying near Mata Kesar Devi Temple for a more serene experience.

What to See & Do in Almora: Unveiling Travel Treasures

Day 1: Explore Almora Town

Begin your day with a visit to Mata Kesar Devi Temple, and for a hassle-free journey, consider utilizing outstation cab booking or one way taxi service to reach this serene destination comfortably. The scenic drive to the temple and the panoramic views from the top are a treat for nature lovers and photographers alike, making it an ideal spot to relax and soak in the spiritual vibes. If you're looking for the best outstation cab service, ensure a seamless travel experience to and from Mata Kesar Devi Temple. Next, head to Chitai Golu Devta Temple, where the unique tradition of offering hundreds of bells creates a melodious atmosphere. Surrounded by deodar trees, the temple's charm is enhanced by the soothing sounds of the bells. Consider car booking for outstation to explore this cultural gem conveniently. Experience the tranquility of the surroundings and seek blessings without any transportation worries with the help of the best one way taxi service. In the evening, make your way to Bright End Corner for a mesmerizing sunset view over the Himalayas. Utilize round trip cab booking for a convenient journey to this scenic spot. The changing hues of the sky during sunset are truly enchanting, providing a perfect setting for nature enthusiasts and photographers alike. Ensure a smooth and comfortable return with the assistance of one side taxi service.

Day 2: Nature and Wildlife

Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary: Spend your second day exploring the Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary. It's a haven for nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts. The sanctuary is home to a variety of flora and fauna. Take a nature walk or a trek to Zero Point for stunning views of the Himalayan peaks.

Baijnath Temple: On your way back from Binsar, visit Baijnath Temple, an ancient 12th-century temple dedicated to Lord Shiva. The intricate carvings and the spiritual aura make it a worthwhile stop.

Kasar Devi Temple: If time permits, visit Kasar Devi Temple, known for its association with Swami Vivekananda and other spiritual seekers. The serene ambiance and panoramic views make it a peaceful spot.

Culinary Delights

Local Cuisine: Don't miss out on trying more local delicacies. Explore traditional Kumaoni dishes like Bhatt Ki Churdkani, Aloo Ke Gutke, and Sidu. Visit local eateries to savor the authentic flavors of the region.

Tea Gardens: Almora is surrounded by tea gardens. Take a short tour to learn about the tea-making process and enjoy a cup of freshly brewed local tea.

Practical Tips:

Stay: Choose accommodations that offer panoramic views of the mountains. There are options ranging from budget stays to more luxurious resorts.

Transport: Consider hiring a local guide for a more enriching experience. Having a vehicle at your disposal will make it easier to explore the nearby attractions.

Seasonal Considerations: Almora is beautiful throughout the year, but the best time to visit is during the spring and summer months (March to June) for pleasant weather.

How to Travel from Delhi to Almora: Options and Tips

Traveling from Delhi to Almora offers various options. Bus journeys take around 10 hours, with ordinary buses dropping you in the main town. Luxury bus options may require breaking the journey at Kathgodam or Haldwani. Self-driving provides flexibility, taking less than 10 hours, and allows exploration of nearby highlights.

8 Best Things to Do in Almora: A Diverse Palette

Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary:

Delve deeper into the Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary, known for its diverse flora and fauna. Embark on a nature walk or trek to witness the rich biodiversity, including a variety of bird species. The sanctuary offers a serene environment, making it an ideal spot for wildlife enthusiasts and nature lovers.

Lakhudiyar Prehistoric Cave:

Explore the intriguing Lakhudiyar cave, known for its prehistoric rock paintings. Gain insights into the ancient cultures that once thrived in the region. The cave paintings provide a unique glimpse into the history of Almora and its early inhabitants.

Thana Bazar Shopping:

Dive into the local culture by exploring Thana Bazar. Besides shopping for local handicrafts and traditional items, interact with the friendly locals. This bustling market is not just about buying souvenirs but also immersing yourself in the vibrant atmosphere of Almora.

Bright End Corner:

Extend your visit to Bright End Corner during different times of the day. While it's famous for its sunrise and sunset views, the area also offers a tranquil setting for a leisurely stroll. Capture the changing hues of the landscape and unwind amidst the breathtaking vistas.

Kasar Devi Temple:

Visit the Kasar Devi Temple, known for its spiritual significance and panoramic views of the Himalayas. The serene ambiance and historical importance make it a must-visit destination for those interested in both spirituality and natural beauty.

Deer Park:

Spend a peaceful time at the Deer Park, located near Almora. The park is home to various species of deer and offers a serene environment for picnics and relaxation. It's an ideal spot for families and nature lovers looking for a quiet escape.

Simtola Eco Park:

Enjoy the tranquility of Simtola Eco Park, a beautifully landscaped area with lush greenery. The park is known for its well-maintained gardens, walking trails, and a small pond. It's a perfect place to unwind and connect with nature.

Chitai Golu Devta Temple:

Visit the Chitai Golu Devta Temple, known for its unique tradition of tying bells as offerings. The temple is dedicated to Golu Devta, a local deity. The mesmerizing architecture and the spiritual ambiance make it a cultural gem in Almora.

Weekend Itinerary: Crafting a Memorable Retreat

Our weekend itinerary from Delhi to Almora and Ranikhet involved a scenic train journey, exploring Almora's temples and Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary, and a tranquil stay at The Kumaon. A picturesque drive to Ranikhet led to a relaxing stay at Junoon in the Hills, creating a perfect balance of exploration and serenity.

Conclusion: Uttarakhand's Tranquility

Almora and Ranikhet stand as tranquil retreats in the lap of Uttarakhand, offering a tapestry of nature, culture, and history. Beyond the bustling towns, these destinations provide the perfect backdrop for a rejuvenating experience amid the serene beauty of the Himalayas. . Opting for the best outstation cab service ensures a comfortable journey, allowing you to explore wildlife sanctuaries, and historic temples, and relish local delicacies at your own pace. Whether it's a round trip cab booking or booking a taxi for outstation, the availability of a side taxi service enhances the flexibility of your travel plans. Choose the best one-way taxi for a hassle-free exploration of Almora and Ranikhet, savoring every moment of your trip to these picturesque destinations in Uttarakhand.

https://www.linkedin.com/company/map-my-destination/

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flyopedia · 3 months

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Explore Almora — An Exciting Adventure through Lakes, Mountains and Forests

Almora is an entrance to the best of Uttarakhand and has much more to offer than at first sight. Stepping outside of Almora provides spectacular views of the snow, deep forest, quaint towns, peculiar temples, and freshwater river. Not just its “BAL MITHAI” fudge with toasted khoya and sugar pearls but its entire offerings are surprising when it comes to Almora. One of the best-kept secrets of Uttarakhand, the Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary, is a 10 KM trip upwards from the main road to Almora town. The three best byproducts of Binsar are birds, towering trees, and isolation. Charming communities within the refuge and on its periphery each have unique tales to share. The Sun Temple of Katarmal is one of only two sun temples in India. Almora waits to be explored and offers all of this.

If you are looking to travel affordably, visit Flyopedia to book your cheap flight tickets to India from USA and explore the awesome beauty of Almora. Get ready for serene lakes, big mountains, and unforgettable fun!

Our Best Selections for Almora

Katarmal Sun Temple

The temple complex, towering with intricately carved columns and walls, is about 2 kilometres away from the parking lot. The morning fog adds to the temple’s allure. An old statue of Buddhaditya, a sun God and the temple’s guardian image, gets lit by the sun’s early rays as it breaks the clouds. Feel the warmth of devotion — or perhaps just the sun — wash over you as you take in these mysterious remains against the backdrop of a lovely forest.

Walking over toward the Kosi River

This walk is an astonishing adventure through a lush forest dispersed with picture-perfect towns and a thriving environment full of a wide variety of wildlife and birds. Additionally, it culminates just short of the Sun Temple. As you hop over the soft rocks liberally laid along the banks of Kosi’s trickling rivers, keep an eye out for the delightful cultural shock you may encounter here.

Explore the Patal Bhuvaneshwar Cave

Here in Uttarakhand, mysticism and mystique touch like long-lost brothers. This mysterious 160-metre-long, 90-metre-deep limestone cave is a pilgrimage place dedicated to Lord Shiva that is situated 1350 metres above sea level. Enter the electrically illuminated cave, where your shaky shadows reflect everything you do — aside from your hazy breath — as you avoid stalagmites and get glimpses of innumerable other gods.

Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary’s Trail through the Forest

The Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary is unlike any other area in Uttarakhand, and it is the most mysterious. Because of its closeness to both people and other living creatures, nature is not the major draw there, but it does offer a look into an idealised world. Walking through large ancient trees with a background of countless birds in an exclusive world like Binsar, spotting a leopard is not surprising.

The 4-kilometre trip can be extended to10 kilometres for those who enjoy the outdoors. There are many animal species and birds that can be found in abundance in this area.

The Perfect Time to Go to Almora

First of all, you have to book your flight tickets, consider Flyopedia to book cheap flight to India and for hassle-free travel.

Now, the most popular travel months are March through June when the weather is favourable & ideal for adventures in the outdoors. During these months, it’s the perfect time to visit if you are an adventurous type, with paragliding, trekking, camping, and rafting available. Furthermore, there is a considerable decrease in visitors and an abundance of rain from July to September. Positively, the rains have made the hills more lush; if you enjoy sultry walks in the great outdoors and soaking weather, this is the perfect time for you.

Cold weather occurs in Almora from October to February, with snowfall in the upper areas. The activities available there may vary depending on when you visit, although it’s a year-round attraction.

Get your bags ready

Considering the amount of road travel required here, pack as light as possible.

For hot weather, wear comfy cotton clothes and bring a light jacket for cooler nights. In winter, pack warm stuff like cosy socks and coats. Do not forget a raincoat and an umbrella for Rainy days.

Trekking requires sturdy walking shoes because of the substantial amount of walking involved.

Sunscreen, particularly while ascending to higher altitudes. regular prescription drugs.

Device chargers for tablets and smartphones.

Meanwhile, if you are looking for flight options from Canada, Visit Flyopedia.ca to book Canada to India flights and explore the amazing sites and things that are waiting for you.

Concluding Statement:

As our Almora adventure ends, remember the cool lakes, big mountains, and green forests. Almora is super nice, so come back for more fun and keep the cool memories with you. Additionally, if you are searching for last minute flight deals to India from USA then simply browse through the Flyopedia. As there are many affordable travel options available.

Also Read: Best 15 Hill Stations in North India To Visit in Summer 2023

#Cheap flight tickets to India from USA - https://www.flyopedia.com/

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jamnagardentist · 5 months

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Dental Clinic of Jamnagar Gujarat Dentist Dr. Bharat Katarmal from Bharat Katarmal on Vimeo.

Dr. Bharat Katarmal Dental Clinic in Jamnagar is multispeciality and an Advanced Dental Care clinic specializing in cosmetic dentistry. We take a proactive approach to aesthetic dental care. If you are looking for dental veneers, tooth whitening, dental implants, tooth reshaping, gap filling, gum depigmentation or any other cosmetic treatment to give you a better smile and a better look, Dr. Bharat Katarmal Dental Clinic is the place to be. You can check out our testimonials and reviews online to find out what hundreds of our past clients are saying about us and how we can help you achieve the same results. Call us for a personal consultation and our doctors would be more than happy to help.

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skyexmedia7 · 8 months

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femcareclinic123 · 9 months

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https://www.femcareclinicpune.com

Dr. Sonal Katarmal, a renowned gynecologist in Ambegaon Budruk, is dedicated to providing expert women's health care services. With her experience and compassionate approach, she ensures personalized care for every patient, emphasizing their well-being and empowerment. If you seek top-notch gynecological care, Dr. Sonal Katarmal is your trusted partner in Ambegaon Budruk.

#gynecologist near me #gynecologist in indore #gynecologist in mumbai #gynecologist hospital in jaipur #gynecologist in noida #fertility #infertility #hospitals #ivf treatment #ivf #endometriosis #Menstrual Disorder

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abhishekchamoli · 1 year

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Katarmal Surya Temple

Embarking on a thrilling adventure, we rode our rented bike from Almora to the mesmerizing Katarmal Surya Temple. Despite the one-hour journey, the experience was absolutely worth it. As we cruised through the picturesque roads of Uttarakhand, the Himalayan vistas unfolded before us, leaving us in awe. The thrill of the bike ride added an extra layer of excitement to our temple trail. Upon…

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#AdheliSunar #Almora #HillStation #HimalayanAdventure #IndiaTravel #KatarmalSuryaTemple #KumaonHeritage #SpiritualJourney

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shivalikriverretreat · 2 years

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Best Hotels in Almora,Hotels in Almora

Shivalik River Retreat is one of the best hotels in Almora. We offer the magnificent views from the hotel and thus known as finest hotel booking in Almora. If you are planning a trip to Almora and looking for some good budget hotels in Almora, then the Shivalik river retreat is definitely the perfect place for you to stay with your family and friends. Almora is a beautiful city offering the natural surroundings all around you to keep you calm and give you a peaceful stay experience. There are so many important sightseeing places including the kosi river, katarmal sun temple and rani jheel and many more for the travelers to explore. Plan your trip to Almora today only without any second thoughts and make a hotel booking with hotel Shivalik river retreat for a wonderful stay experience with your near and dear ones. Enjoy comfortable stay options along with the delicious food options from our in house restaurant and enjoy the mesmerizing natural views from the hotel. We also offer so many exciting offer packages available for our guests.

#best hotels in Almora #hotels in Almora #budget hotels in Almora

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uttarakhandtraveltourism · 2 years

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The Katarmal Surya Temple, built in the 9th century by King Katarmalla, is located 17 kilometres from Almora and is the only rare surya temple in Uttarakhand after Orissa’s Konark temple. Vlog Link: https://youtu.be/6YxDKYxV7b4 #UttarakhandTravelTourism #katarmal #katarmalsuntemple #katarmalalmora #almora #AlmoraDistrict #uttarakhand #temple #ghumakkadkundan #preetibisht #UTT (at Sun Temple, Katarmal) https://www.instagram.com/p/CZmb7dQvzSp/?utm_medium=tumblr

#uttarakhandtraveltourism #katarmal #katarmalsuntemple #katarmalalmora #almora #almoradistrict #uttarakhand #temple #ghumakkadkundan #preetibisht #utt

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vividuttarakhand · 2 years

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उत्तराखण्ड के कुमाऊँ क्षेत्र में स्थित यह मंदिर भगवान सूर्य "बड़ादित्य" को समर्पित है। भारत में कोणार्क मंदिर ओड़िशा के बाद कटारमल सूर्य मंदिर को सबसे बड़ा सूर्य मंदिर माना जाता है, देश में इन दो मंदिरों के अतिरिक्त भी कुछ स्थानों में सूर्य मंदिर है। इस मंदिर में सूर्य पदमासन मुद्रा में बैठे हैं, कहा जाता है कि इनके सम्मुख श्रद्धा, प्रेम व भक्तिपूर्वक मांगी गई हर इच्छा पूर्ण होती है। इसलिये श्रद्धालुओं का आवागमन वर्ष भर इस मंदिर में लगा रहता है, भक्तों का मानना है कि इस मंदिर के दर्शनों से ही हृदय में छाया अंधकार स्वतः ही दूर होने लगते हैं और उनके दुःख, रोग, शोक सब मिट जाते हैं और मनुष्य प्रफुल्लित मन से अपने घर लौटता है। कटारमल गांव में स्थित छत्र शिखर वाला मंदिर पदमासन सूर्य के भव्य व आकर्षक प्रतिमा के कारण प्रसिद्ध है। यह भव्य मंदिर भारत के प्रसिद्ध कोणार्क के सूर्य मंदिर के पश्चात दूसरा प्रमुख मंदिर भी है। . 💫Vivid⚡️✨Uttarakhand✨ . 📸 @ek_pahadann . Join The Visual Journey With ❤️❤️💐💐 @vivid_uttarakhand . Do tag 🏷 Do like 👍🏻 Do share 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Do comment 🙏🏻💬 💐Follow Us💐 Love Uttarakhand ❤️❤️ . Advice- Please Don’t Use Plastic While Visiting Mountains 🏔 💫 . Clean Environment, Green Environment Go Green 🏔🏔 . Use Hashtag _ #vividuttarakhand . #uttarakhand #uttarakhandheaven #uttarakhandtourism #uttarakhandtraveller #uttarakhanddiaries #uttarakhandvibes #uttarakhand_travel_diaries #katarmal #katarmalsuntemple #suntemple #almora #kumaunregion #love #likeforlikes #share #comment #loveuttarakhand #apnauttrakhand❤️ #pyarauttarakhand (at Uttarakhand) https://www.instagram.com/p/CXmwKrIB5Ja/?utm_medium=tumblr

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irctcofficial · 29 days

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Embark on an enriching expedition aboard the esteemed "MANASKHAND EXPRESS - BHARAT GAURAV TOURIST TRAIN," delving into the cultural and natural treasures of Uttarakhand, often referred to as Devbhoomi. Explore the sacred sites of Tanakpur-Purnagiri, Champawat, Lohaghat, Chaukori, Almora, Nainital, and Bhimtal, each stop offering profound insights into the region's heritage and pristine landscapes.

Highlights:

🔹 Tour Name: MANASKHAND EXPRESS - BHARAT GAURAV TOURIST TRAIN

🔹 Duration: 10 Nights/11 Days

🔹 Tour Date: 22.04.2024

🔹 Boarding/Deboarding Stations: Pune, Lonavala, Panvel, Kalyan, Nashik, Jalgaon, Bhusawal, Khandwa, Itarasi, and Rani Kamlapati

Places Covered:

🔹 Tanakpur – Purnagiri: Experience Evening Aarti & Bhajan at Sharda River Ghat

🔹 Champawat/Lohaghat: Visit Baleshwar, Tea Gardens, and Mayawati Ashram

🔹 Haat Kalika Temple & Patal Bhuvneshwar

🔹 Explore the spiritual aura of Jageshwar Dham & Golu Devta – Chitai

🔹 Pay homage at Nanda Devi & Kainchi Dham - Baba Neem Karoli Temple

🔹 Discover the serene vibes of Kasar Devi and Katarmal Sun Temple

🔹 Seek blessings at Nanakmatta Gurudwara – Khatima & Naina Devi - Nainital

Visit some of the most sacred places in Uttarakhand aboard the MANASKHAND EXPRESS-BHARAT GAURAV TOURIST TRAIN!

For more information and booking, please visit:-

https://www.irctctourism.com/pacakage_description?packageCode=WZUBG01A

https://www.irctctourism.com/pacakage_description?packageCode=WZUBG01B

#Uttarakhand #Uttarakhandtourism #ManaskhandExpress #Manaskhand #bharatgauravtouristtrain #Touristtrain #hiddengemsofuttarakhand #Explore #incredibleindia #IRCTC

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shithole-world · 5 years

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माटू हमरू, पाणी हमरू, हमरा ही छन यी बौण भी… पितरों न लगाई बौण, हमुनही त बचौण भी। (Soil ours, water ours, ours are these forests. Our forefathers raised them, it’s we who must protect them —Old Chipko Song )

The state of Uttarakhand, earlier referred to as Uttaranchal, is located in the northern part of India. Often called as the Land of Gods – Dev Bhumi owing to the innumerable temples and teerth or pilgrimage sites found throughout the state. The famous Char Dham (Kedarnath, Badrinath, Gangotri, and Yamunotri), considered to be the among the holiest sites in India, are in Uttarakhand. Besides the religious significance of the state, Uttarakhand is also well known for its natural beauty that comprises of snow capped mountains, both low and high altitude lakes and associated wetlands, bugiyals or high altitude meadows, and dense forests that are a home to many exotic and diverse flora and fauna.

The beautiful forests of Binsar in Uttarakhand (Almora)

Beautiful view of snow peaks from Lansdowne in Uttarakhand (Pauri)

The name Uttarakhand has originated from two Sanskrit words: uttara (उत्तर) meaning north, and khaṇḍa (खण्ड) meaning land. The name is mentioned in many of the early Hindu texts, wherein it referred to the area of Kedarkhand (modern Garhwal) and Manaskhand (modern Kumaon). In ancient India, Uttarakhand was used to denote the central stretch of the Himalayas.

“The land north of Gangadwar is known to the wise as Paradise Ground. Apart from this land, the rest is called Earth elsewhere”― Kedarkhand Skanda Purana.

The state of Uttarakhand was formed on 9th November 2000, by carving out the Himalayan and some adjoining districts in the foothills of Uttar Pradesh, and was made into the 27th state of the Republic of India. It shares borders with the state of Himachal Pradesh to the north west, Tibet Autonomous Region (of China) on the north, Nepal on the east, and the state of UP in the south, while doing a touch and go with Haryana in the west (the Hathni Kund Barrage area from where the Yamuna waters are diverted to Haryana). Uttarakhand is the birth place of four large river systems: the Ganga, Yamuna, Ramganga, and Sharda. The state has two divisions: Garhwal and Kumaon with a total of 13 districts.

Divisions Districts Kumaon Division Almora, Bageshwar, Champawat, Nainital, Pithoragarh, Udham Singh Nagar Garhwal Division Chamoli, Dehradun, Haridwar, Pauri Rudraprayag, Tehri, Uttarkashi

Naukuchiatal in the Nainital district of Kumaon

The entire hill state of Uttarakhand had remained culturally and socially united right from the ancient times, and the two tracts Kedarkhand (now Garhwal) and Kurmachal (now Kumaon) were mere geographical divisions. Kedarkhand was named after Kedarnath, and Kurmachal named after Kurmavana. The two regions were not culturally or politically divided and remained so even under the Katyuri dynasty that ruled from 800-1100 CE. It was only during the 12th century CE that two political divisions appeared, because at that time the Chand dynasty took control of the area now known as Kumaon, while the Rajas of Garhwal controlled the region of Garhwal. Despite the two different dynasties, the region remained united in cultural and social contexts.

Thus, it can be said that in the ancient times the entire region (as we find mentioned in the epics and Puranas) had stretched from the river Kali as the border in the east, and Tons river as the border in the west, Niti pass in the north, and Thakurdwara of the present Moradabad district in the south. For many years the people of this region enjoyed a homogeneity, in the context of social, cultural, and political lives of the common people. It was only the administrative units created in the 20th century that brought in the divisions and further changes.

My focus here will be on the Kumaon division of Uttarakhand.

Looking at Kumaon from a Geographical Perspective

Geographically Kumaon is located in a north west corner of North India, and its is well demarcated from its neighbouring states and countries by mountain and rivers. In the north it is separated from the autonomous region of Tibet by the snowy peaks of the Himalaya, in the east river Kali separates it from Nepal, and in the south the Himalayan foothills separate it from the plains of UP.

View of the Panchachulli from Munsiyari in Kumaon

The Kumaon division rises sharply from the sub Siwalik (foothills) strip of land to the high snowy peaks with glaciers. The outer ranges of the Himalaya, a part of which is known as Gagar ranges, rises quickly from submontane tracts to 7000-8000 ft, where many of the famous hill stations, such as, Mussorie, Nainital, Almora, Lansdowne, etc., are situated. This part is especially beautiful with its densely forested parts; and when standing at the tops of peaks that often reach more than 8000 ft, the view is spectacular with plains visible on the southern side, and the endless waves of entangled northern ridges on the other side that is bordered in the horizon by beautiful snow peaks of the central axis of the Himalaya. The outer ranges of the Himalaya hold some beautiful low altitude Himalayan lakes, such as, Nainital, Bhimtal, Sattal, Naukuchiatal, Malwa tal, and Khurpa tal. It is believed that most of these low altitude lakes were formed by tectonic movements that blocked rivers during the Holocene period.

Almora town

Spectacular views from the Gagar ranges (Nainital): endless waves of entangled northern ridges bordered by snowy peaks of the central axis of the Himalaya in the horizon. (photo courtesy: Atanu Dey)

Nainital. A low altitude Himalayan lake in the outer ranges (Gagar ranges). (photo courtesy: Atanu Dey)

Khurpa tal. Another low altitude Himalayan lake in the outer ranges (Gagar ranges) near Nainital. (photo courtesy: Atanu Dey)

Bhim tal. Another low altitude Himalayan lake in the outer ranges (Gagar ranges) near Nainital.

The Bhabar, a strip of land with gently sloping mass that contains mainly riverine debris (coarse gravels), is just below the hilly tract. It is here that the mountain streams descending from the outer ranges and Siwalik hills lose their flow amidst strewn boulders, and re-appear only during the monsoons. It is forested (sal), with many of the forests now having given way to cultivated areas. The rest of the foothills are known as Tarai grassland region, which is primarily moist plain land with the Tarai springs that keep the area perennially hydrated and fertile. Tarai vegetation is characterised by tracts of clayey swamp (Gangetic alluvium), tall grasslands, deciduous forests, and scrub savannah. The three main rivers in Kumaon division are the Kosi, Gola, and Nandhaur. The Kosi river (or Kaushiki, as named in Skandapurana) starts from Dharapani in Almora district, while the Gola and Nandhaur arise from somewhere in the southern slopes of the outer hills. All the three rivers, and other smaller streams in the Bhabar and Tarai areas all drain into the Ramganga. The other major river on the Nepal-Kumaon border is the Sharda river (also known as the Kali Ganga or Maha Kali) that descends from the Kalapani territory, and joins the Ghaghra/Karnali river in the state of Uttar Pradesh.

Kosi River, Jim Corbett National Park, Ramnagar- Almora district (Photo from Wikipedia)

Sharda or Mahakali River near Jauljibi in Pithoragarh district of Kumaon (photo source: Wikipedia

The lower sub-Himalayan ranges show Upper Tertiary era deposits of Nahan sandstone, while the higher ranges are made of older slate, quartzite, dark dolomite or limestone, and other schistose and granite rocks. Owing to the heavy rainfalls experienced in these areas the steep slopes often give way to massive landslides. Kumaon, which is situated on the southern slope of the Himalayan range, show great variations in climate and vegetation that change drastically with changes in elevation, ranging from glaciers at its highest elevations, to subtropical forests at the lower elevations, to grasslands at the flat lands on foothills. While travelling in car these changes are clearly visible, as one moves from the lowlands of Terai that show mostly grasslands, and Bhabar with its remaining pockets of sal forests; to the higher hills that are filled with coniferous and broad-leaf forests, alpine shrubs, and meadows; and finally to the snowy peaks of the Upper Himalaya.

Sunrise from behind the snowy peaks of the Panchachulli range, Kumaon

Origin of the name Kumaon

A look at the history of this area shows that the SkandaPurana (Manash Khanda) refers to this part as Kurmavana or Kumaravana; and it is believed that the word Kumaon is a corruption of the original Puranic term. According to folklore, Vishnu had reincarnated here in Kumaun (near Lohaghat) as Kurma (his second incarnation), to support the Mandar mountain during samudramanthan.

Kurma Avatar of Vishnu, below Mount Mandara, with Vasuki wrapped around the mountain, during Samudra Manthan. ca 1870. (Photo from Wikipedia)

Kurmavatara of Lord Vishnu at Narayana Tirumala (Photo from Wikipedia). Kurma in the Vedic texts symbolises the importance of basic principles and the support necessary for any long term creative activity. In Shatapatha Brahmana (6.1.1 and 7.5.1) Kurma’s shape represents the hemispherical shape (assumed) of the earth, and it is for this reason kurma shape is one among the Vedic fire altar designs.

According to Kumaoni folklore, Vishnu in his kurma avataar stood here for three years on the Kurma-mountain (Kandadeva or Kandeva), which is on the east of the river Champavat, and marks of the tortoise’s feet still remain as imprints. It is for this reason that the region came to be known as Kurma + achal or Kurmachal, which got morphed into Kumu, and later to Kumaon. Initially only the areas around river Champavat were known as Kumaon, but later the whole pargana of Kali Kumaon that comprised of villages along the Kali river came to be known as Kumaon. Later during the reign of Chand dynasty, the entire region, which included the districts of Nainital and Almora, was renamed as Kurmachal or Kumaun. During British rule the Dehradun district also was included in Kumaun.

It was the Chand dynasty rulers who made the term Kurmachal or Kumaon widely popular in this hill state, and prior to their reign there are no mentions of Kurmachal or Kumaon in any of the inscriptions found. The Chands used Kurmachal in all their records. Under their rule that lasted from 11th c. CE to 1815 CE, there were three administrative divisions in Kurmachal:

(i) Kali Kumaun, (ii) Almora, and (iii) Tarai Bhawar or Mal.

Interestingly, while most believe that the term Kurmachal was derived from Kurma, Thakur Jodh Singh Negi in his Himalayan Bhraman had opined that as the people of Kumaon were expert farmers and also quite wealthy, so this region came to be known as Kumaon, derived from the local dialect kumuno, which means a cultivated land. He further theorised that the region Kali Kumaon was named not after the river Kali but after Kalu Tadagi who had once ruled the area, and owing to the presence of thick black bushes of fir and banjha, the adjective ‘Kali’ got added to it. While these theories may provide some interesting viewpoints, they are certainly not based on any historical evidences. Linguistically too, Kumaon as a derivation from Kurmachal appears more logical.

Currently Almora, Bageshwar, Champawat, Nainital, Pithoragarh, and Udham Singh Nagar form the Kumaun division; however, linguistically Kumaon can be further sub divided. Thus, we find that Kali (or Central) Kumaoni dialect is spoken in Almora and northern Nainital, while North-eastern Kumaoni dialect is used in Pithoragarh. South-eastern Kumaoni is spoken in South-eastern Nainital, and Western Kumaoni is spoken west of Almora and Nainital.

While originally the people of Kali Kumaoni were the only Kumaonis, with the Nainital and Almora people being later additions; yet the people from Gangoli and Chaugarkha that are parts of Kali Kumaon, are not termed as Kumaonis, but are called Gangolas and Chaugarikhiyas.

A Kumoani woman in full traditional attire and jewellery (photo from KMVN – Binsar). The common daily wear is now of course a saree, for more practical reasons suitable for a working woman.

Kumaon history

The archaeology based history of the region remained sketchy for quite some time owing to disjointed facts and sporadic records that were available until the 19th century CE. In terms of literary history, the region finds many fleeting references in the epics and the Puranas. Mahabharata mentions this area frequently, especially where it talks of the Kiratas who lived near the sources of the Ganga and Yamuna. The Khasas or Khasias come next, who are found mentioned in the Mahabharata as living in the same areas as the Kiratas. Pliny mentioned Casiri, which many historians identify as the Khasias. Herodotus also mentioned of people living in this area as “Indians who lived in the city of Kaspatyrus.” Ptolemy had written about a group of people living in this area, which Cunningham studied extensively and identified them with the Kulindas of Mahabharata. The Yaudheyas (5th c. BCE – 4th c. CE), a military confederation, had also ruled this area at some point of time, as evident from the coins found. The Kalsi rock edicts of Ashoka (260 – 230 BCE), discovered by Alexander Cunningham in 1850, are important pieces of archaeological evidences that mention the people living in this region.

Edict No13 of Ashoka, Khalsi inscription, with the identification of Hellenistic kings Antiochos II, Ptolemy II, Antigonos II Gonatas, Magas of Cyrene and Alexander II of Epirus. these edicts were found in Khalsi in Dehradun district. (photo from Wikipedia)

The Kalsi inscriptions are now housed in this room and maintained by the ASI. (photo from the internet). Kalsi is a small town located between Chakrata and Dehradun near Dakpatthar on the banks of Yamuna. The inscriptions found here are important as these are the only Ashokan edicts found in the hill states of north India. The edicts are written in Pali.

It is believed by D. R. Bhandarkar that the Khasas were the first to settle in the hilly tract of Uttarakhand, followed by the Gurjaras who came in after 6th c. CE and took over Sapadlaksha (the area around Shivalik ranges stretching from Hoshiyarpur -Punjab to Kumaon), and it is from here that the Gurjaras later moved down to what is now the state of Rajasthan.

ET Atkinson had done some extensive researches on the available cultural, social, and historical data of the area, and had recorded it in his pioneering work titled “Himalayan Districts of the North-Western provinces of India,” published in 1884. Later discoveries and studies of the various inscriptions such as the Jageswar inscriptions, Lakhamandal inscriptions, the two Talesvara Copper Plate, and Pandukesvar inscriptions have given some significant insights into the 6th-7th CE history of the area. There are many more such later period research works on this arena by Rahul Sankrityayan, H.K. Raturi, S.P. Dabral, and B.D. Pande.

Much later, extensive studies of fossil remains found from rocks in this region that date back to 18.3 to 0.6 million years BP have opened up a vista of the prehistoric era as had existed here. The fossil studies have revealed “a variety of Stresirhine Primate genera, Cercopithecoid genera, and Hominoid genera, the last one being of special interest to hominid ancestry. Significantly, Kalagarh Basin (District Pauri, Uttarakhand) has also witnessed Hominoid activities some 11 to 10 million years ago. These include Sivapithecus indicus and Ramapithecus punjabicus. These hominoids form important links in the evolution of hominids” (Archaeological Survey of India, Dehradun circle). Furthermore, the recent discoveries of “Palaeolithic era tools from Potwar (northern Pakistan) dated between 2.4 and 2.0 million years BP, and from Uttarbaini (Jammu and Kashmir, India) dated between 2.5n and 0-5 million years BP” have given rise to the theory that the Himalayan region could have been the cradle of the earliest hominids of the world.

Recent archaeological studies of this region have given an insight into the different technological stages of human evolution ranging from the Stone to Copper, and Iron Ages (pre-and protohistoric periods). Meanwhile the historical studies from different numismatic, literary, and epigraphical evidences, give us the names of some of the important dynasties that have ruled this area. These include the Kunindas (2nd BCE to 4th c. CE); while in the 4th CE we find that the area was known as Karttripura kingdom, a vassal kingdom under the Guptas (as written in Samudra Gupta’s Parayaga Prasasti).

Silver coin of the Kuninda Kingdom, c. 1st century BCE. (photo from Wikipedia)

From the Talesvara Copper Plate Inscriptions of Almora we find that this region was called Brahmapura in the 6th-7th c. CE, during the reign of the Paurava-Varmans. The name Brahmapura is found in the Vrihatsamhita, while Heiun Tsang also mentions it in his 7th c. CE travel book (he writes it as as Po-lo-hi-mo-pu-lo, that in Sanskrit translates to Brahmapura). The kingdom of Brahmapura declined by the end of 8th c. CE, and next came the Katyuris, who ruled from 9th -12th c. CE. From various inscriptions it is clear that some parts of this area came under the dominion of the Mallas of Nepal from 1191 CE to 1223 CE, and that effectively ended the Katyuri rule, though later inscriptions show that the Katyuris survived as petty rulers of smaller areas. After the Katyuris, eventually from 11th century onward emerged the most powerful dynasty of Kumaon, the Chand dynasty, who kept control until 1815. The British conquered it in 1815 and took over the area, which remained with them until 1947.

Katarmal sun temple built by the Katyuris in 9th c.CE

Bineswara temple built by the Chand dynasty in 16th c. CE

Jageswara temple cluster. Built between 7th to 12th CE, with renovations going up to 17th century under the Chand dynasty

References

Pande, B. D. History of Kumaon: English version of “Kumaon ka itihas”. Almora, U.P., India: Shyam Prakashan: Shree Almora Book Depot, 1993.

Omacanda Hāṇḍā, History of Uttaranchal. Indus Publishing, 2002.

Kanti Prasad Nautiyal, The Archaeological of Kumaon, 1969.

Alexander Cunningham, Archaeological Survey Report, vol. II.

Bhandarkar, D. R. Gurjaras (Art.), J B B R S, Vol. XXI,1903.

Hermann Goetz, Studies in the History and Arts of Kashmir and the Indian Himalayas, Weisbaden, 1969.

Archaeological Survey of India, Dehradun circle –https://www.asidehraduncircle.in/uttarakhand.html

Kurmachal or Kumaun – The land of Vishnu माटू हमरू, पाणी हमरू, हमरा ही छन यी बौण भी... पितरों न लगाई बौण

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