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#dca 2001
gothelsflower · 7 months
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physically i’m here mentally i’m at candy corn acres
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VERY disappointed to see how many things at the latest Van Eaton exhibit are mislabeled, at least in the online catalog. Like, especially for a place specializing in Disney stuff, it shouldn't be hard to make sure something is from the correct park, in the correct era. Especially when you're attributing things to a certain park from a year when THAT PARK DIDN'T EVEN EXIST YET
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Extinct Disney Parks and Attractions tournament round 1: Group C1
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Reminder, you don't have had to experience any of the attractions/experiences to vote! Just read in the info and/or watch the vid,then vote for which you wish you would have experienced more/which sounds cooler!
Videos and propaganda/info dumping under cut
Character dining at the Liberty Tree Tavern: Magic Kingdom (????-2009)
Propaganda:
"It was always so much fun to get to see Mickey and Friends in their Colonial best. While the food is still good, the Liberty Tree Tavern just doesn't have the same draw as it used to."
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Push the Talking Trash Can: Magic Kingdom, DCA, Disneyland, Hong Kong Disneyland, Tokyo Disneyland, Disneyland Paris (1995-2007/2014(tho he will a very rare appearance every now and again, but its not regular at all like it use to be/SO rare/for special occasions)
Propaganda:
I literally can't explain it, you had to experience it to see why it was so cool xD Just look at my face hugging it in the poll pic xD It was just one of those little unique disney things that made it so special. Ill find and post my vid later!
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tallymonster · 3 months
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Personal shit under cut.
Today would have been my mom's 67th birthday.
I miss her lots and I'm a crying mess right now but I just wanted to let these feelings out and not hold it in because I feel like she would be mad that I'm stopping my life because she's dead. I can hear her in my head saying "ay mija, stop letting the world pass you by. Enjoy your life." At the same time though I know she would be saddened to know that my life has kept moving without her. I mean I got married exactly a month after she died.
Anyway, all this dumping to say I miss my mom.
Now to share a story about her.
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We took this picture in 2001 at the opening of DCA in Anaheim. Most of the rides were closed cuz it was raining, not the carousel tho. We rode that thing like 3 times in a row, maybe more. She held my hand because this was after we went to see "it's tough to be a bug" and the damn show scared the hell out of me because I was 9 and afraid of spiders and roaches. She always held my hand whenever I was scared. I held her hand throughout her illness and even when I painted her nails for her funeral. The last picture I have with her is holding her hand before we said goodbye the last time.
I hope that wherever she is, she's happy, not in pain, and with her family. She had a hard life, and an even harder last 8 years. She was my sun and moon. She was my best friend, my comfort, and my mommy. I don't know how many people have been lucky to have a loving mom like her, but I can definitely say I was one of them.
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rhonuscorner · 24 days
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AO3 Question Tag Game
Shamelessly stolen from @bamsara because I have some time to spare right now and this sounds fun. Not tagging anyone, if you wanna do this too, consider yourselves tagged. I'm tagging you!
1 – How many works do you have on AO3?
As of right now, only 3. I deleted a bunch of them and one has been orphaned.
2 – What's your total AO3 word count?
423,837. The fic that I orphaned a few months ago would've doubled that.
3 – What fandoms do you write for?
Right now, Fnaf. I have also written for Assassin's Creed, Cyberpunk 2077, MCU, DBZ, Dragon Age and The Walking Dead.
4 – What are your top five fics by kudos?
Skip.
5 – Do you respond to comments?
99% of the time, yes. I do forget sometimes but I really wanna show my appreciation to those who take the time to leave a comment by responding and thanking them.
6 – What is the fic you wrote with the angstiest ending?
Skip, I don't do angsty endings. Angsty stories, absolutely, but the ending has gotta be a happy one.
7 – What's the fic you wrote with the happiest ending?
Well considering I've never actually finished a fic this is hard to answer, but for plenty of them I do have endings figured out. Makes it hard to talk about it due to spoilers and what-not.
8 – Do you get hate on fics?
Yeah it's happened. I delete their comments, block 'm and go on with my day, happy in the knowledge that while I'm not perfect, at least I'm not a pathetic troll hiding behind anonymity to make myself feel better ^-^
9 – Do you write smut? If so, what kind?
I used to write a lot of smut, always m/m. It's fairly rare for me to write nowadays but I'm not ruling it out.
10 – Do you write crossovers? What's the craziest one you've written?
None of them have really been all that crazy, some crossovers work out surprisingly well! I love it when they do.
11 – Have you ever had a fic stolen?
Yup.
12 – Have you ever had a fic translated?
Also yup. Most of the time the person behind it asked for permission so I was cool with it, but I've also found a translation or two of that one orphaned fic that was done without my knowing about it.
13 – Have you ever co-written a fic?
All of my work is co-written (with the exception of one CP2077 one-shot and my current DCA AUs). I am big on one-on-one fandom RP, I love building a story with someone else and have our characters interact. It's one of my favorite things to do. Still hoping to find a someone to write DCA stories with one day.
14 – What's your all-time favorite ship?
Impossible to answer.
15 – What's a WIP you want to finish but doubt you ever will?
... all of them.
16 – What are your writing strengths?
Dialogue, both spoken dialogue as well as a character's inner thoughts. Also action/fighting scenes.
17 – What are your writing weaknesses?
Describing surroundings and appearances.
18 – Thoughts on writing dialogue in another language in fic?
Again the orphaned fic, it had a lot of characters from different countries so while everyone spoke English, those characters did tend to slip every so often. Mostly French and Italian, all done through google translate because I don't speak either lol.
And in most of the DBZ fics I used a fan-made language for saiyans that I borrowed words from.
19 – First fandom you wrote for?
Medabots. This was like... 2001 or something, I finally got access to internet around that time and the first online friend I made I also started writing stories with. Medabots was one of the most popular anime on tv in that time so yeah.
20 – Favorite fic you've written?
Uh... again that's gotta be the orphaned fic. It's certainly the biggest I've ever (co) written and it was a ton of fun as well as the most popular fic I've ever written. And the longest too! At one point in time it was the second longest fic in the entire Assassin's Creed section on AO3. Good times.
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chiarasolems · 1 year
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Questa immagine ha per me molto valore.
È nel mio archivio dal 2000.
Quando nel 2001 ho creato il mio primo sito chiarasole.it, quando ho deciso di espormi per urlare che non c'è vergogna, che si può guarire e quindi per raccontarmi mettendoci la faccia.... Subito dopo una mia fotografia, ho inserito questa immagine.
Penso non abbia bisogno di grandi spiegazioni.
Giustamente ognuno interpreta a modo proprio... Una metafora dei disturbi alimentari.... Di come ci si sente, di cosa si desidera, di cosa si spera, di cosa..... 💜🌞❣️
Questa immagine, insieme a tante altre cose, ha segnato l'inizio di un'era.... Non programmata aprioristicamente... Un'era che è nata spontaneamente.
💜 Tutti i link: https://linktr.ee/chiarasolems 💜
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#chiarasole #bulimia #famedivita #bingeeating #nonseiunnumero #anoressia #lottadca #disturbialimentari #avantitutta #chiarasolems #binge #dca #sipuoguarire #mondosole #disturbidelcomportamentoalimentare #loveyoself #edrecovery #centrodicura #anoressiaitalia #bulimiahelp #maimollare #credercisempre #arrendersimai #beyoutiful #coloriamocidililla #doloreinvisibile #fiocchettolilla #guarire
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lifeofloon · 3 years
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Happy 20th anniversary to that ugly duckling of a Disney park, that's come a long way. Here's some views of what was in 2001.
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magicaltrash · 3 years
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It's February 2021 - and apparently it's time to "commemorate 20 years of Disney California Adventure Park at Disneyland Resort" -- at least according to the Disney Parks Blog. Note they don't say "celebrate." Also, they still don't explain what happened to the possessive on "Disney" over the years. Still reads awkwardly. Nevertheless, 2 parks in 2001 provided the opportunity to brand the complex as the "Disneyland Resort" - and with it, a unifying logo to tie it all together featuring Disneyland's Sleeping Beauty Castle and DCA's Grizzly Peak. That logo - featuring the words "Disney" and "land" spelled with two different fonts - appeared on trash cans in the Esplanade between the two parks until 2007. // Disneyland Resort, Esplanade, 2007 [Source: Jessica (figmentfan84). Used by permission.]
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disney366 · 4 years
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Day 2961: #ThankYou #WaltDisney & #MickeyMouse for leading the way to another #DisneyPark 19yrs ago when #DisneyCaliforniaAdventure was #Opened #OnThisDay in 2001. #Disney366 @@Disneyland @@DisneylandToday ■ * LOCATION: #BuenaVistaStreet #DCA ■ * DISNEY: #Disneyland366 #Disney2020 #Disneyland2020 #Disney #DisneyTime #DisneySide #JustGotHappier #YourDisneyStory #HappiestPlaceOnEarth ■ * EQUIPMENT & APPS: @SamsungMobileUSA @SamsungMobile @SamsungUSA - #WithGalaxy @OtterBox - #TeamOtterBox @Anker_Official - #PowerOn @PhotoGrid - #PhotoGrid ■ * TEAM SUPPORT: #Blogger @ABC7LA - #ABC7EyeWitness @KTLA5News - #KTLA @VisitAnaheim - #VisitAnaheim ■ * SEASONAL: ■ * IMAGE: #Photography #Statue #Storytellers (at Disney California Adventure Park) https://www.instagram.com/p/B8U0X6DlCSK/?igshid=13rae088lowrf
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mrdantastic808 · 6 years
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Disneyland Halloween: 5 things to check out
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It’s that time of the year. Halloween is upon us, and nobody celebrates it quite like Disney.  If you’re planning a trip to Disneyland this month, here’s a list of five things to keep an eye out for (in no particular order):
1.       Cars Land (aka. Radiator Screams) (DCA)
Cars Land is the crown jewel of Disney California Adventure (DCA).  Home to one of the most popular attractions, Radiator Springs, this land is an amazing place to walk through on a normal day.  Now, the town has come to celebrate Halloween in a way only cars can. Check it out during the daytime where you can see lug wrench spiders or posters of Car versions of Halloween classics. Then, come back at night to see the town lit up.  Check out the zombie car impaled by a tree.  If you wait long enough, the car will beep and play a haunting radio music.  Then, take a look at the ofrenda for Doc Hudson (as made famous by Coco). If you’re a fan of the Cars movies, you’ll recognize many references.  On top of that, the characters come out in Halloween costumes.  Mater is a vampire.  Red is a clown.  Lightning is a superhero.  
2.       Haunted Mansion Holiday Nightmare (Disneyland)
Since 2001, the Haunted Mansion has been transformed into this special version, themed after the Nightmare Before Christmas.  Jack and his friends from the movie have taken residence in the mansion, turning it into their twisted take on Christmas.  The stretching room has been updated with some great effects.  The classic characters from the Mansion remain, such as the Ghost Host, Madame Leota, and the dancing ghosts.  But we also see Jack as Sandy Claws, Zero, and many of the characters from the movie.  Songs such as “This is Halloween” and “Kidnap the Sandy Claws” are mixed in with Halloween versions of Christmas classics.  This is one of the best overlays to a classic ride.  While carrying some familiar elements to the original, Holiday Nightmare carries a very distinct look and feel.  It works as both a Halloween and Christmas ride, and it’s definitely worth checking out.    
3.       Halloween Screams Fireworks (Disneyland)
Nobody does fireworks like Disney.  Fireworks light up the sky while animation projects onto the castle.  This time, the villains take center stage as Jack (from Nightmare Before Christmas) hosts.  Compared to Disney’s other firework shows, it’s okay.  Not my favorite, but still worth checking out.  It’s entertaining, and it’s unique to this time of year.  Be sure to get there early as standing room fills up quickly.
4.       Guardians of the Galaxy: Monsters After Dark (DCA)
If you’re a fan of the Guardians of the Galaxy ride, you’ll enjoy this Halloween overlay.  After the events of Breakout, Groot had been left behind, and all the monsters have been loosed.  Rocket recruits you to help rescue his friend.  It’s a nice Halloween addition to make your visit extra special.
5.       Halloween Food (Disneyland & DCA)
Another advantage of going to Disney during the holiday seasons is to check out the unique foods only available during these times.  If you’re a churro fan, you may want to check out the orange sugar churro with candy corn sauce.  Or the pumpkin spice churro with cream cheese frosting.  Or perhaps the Maleficent churro covered with cookie crumbs.  There are many other Halloween sweets to choose from, such as spider bundt cakes, pumpkin spice Mickey beignets, graveyard cupcakes, or spider macaroons.  Perhaps you’d like something more savory, like a haunted hotdog, anti vampire pizza, or cosmic chili pasta.  Then, top it down with Oktoberfest beer or green apple spell lemonade.  No matter where you go, you should be able to find some unique Halloween treats to satisfy your ghoulish sweet tooth.
 As a quick note: I know I didn’t mention Space Mountain’s overlay, Ghost Galaxy.  I’m personally not a big fan.  Nothing wrong with the ride.  I’m sure there are many fans out there.  As far as overlays go, this one doesn’t really add much to the experience. Especially when compared to Hyperspace Mountain, which is one of my personal favorite versions of any ride. Ghost Galaxy is fine if you’d like to experience the ride structure of Space Mountain.  I wouldn’t consider it worth waiting in line for.
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predatoryfuzzball · 6 years
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Debunking the “Male Privilege” Meme:
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I've seen this post shared around on on a slew of conservative pages, despite the fact that many of its statistics are misleading and imply gender discrimination/bias where there is none. The following is my rebuttal: 1. Combat deaths are 97% men and 3% women — Of the three sources given for this particular statistic, only one link actually still works. This is mostly likely due to the age of the meme and of no fault of its creator(s). The only accessible citation was from a marketing publication by the name of "Hat Research Group" [1]. The PDF itself is a compiling of data from various sources to create two separate tables regarding "America's major wars". One table outlines the percentage of the American population that was enrolled in the military during these major conflicts and the second outlines the number of soldiers wounded and killed in these conflicts overtime. Neither so much as mention gender. I'm curious as to wether or not the creator(s) actually read the PDF they're citing or wether they just put it there to give their post a false sense of credibility. 
That being said, men are more likely to die in combat. The Defense Casualty Analysis System (DCAF) collects data on the demographics of wounded and killed soldiers during the United State's recent wars and operations. It's obvious going through this data that men make up the vast majority of casualties [2]. However, focusing solely on combat deaths is simplistic at best. It's well known that vast majority of war casualties are not the result of combat, even when you include civilians. One study compared the amount of deaths in direct military confrontation (including civilians) to the amount killed indirectly due to the famine, disease, poverty, poor infrastructure, etc. caused by a series of modern African conflicts. They found that battle deaths only accounted for about 6% of war casualties on average [3]. This becomes particularly relevant when you consider the fact that women are significantly more likely to be killed by these indirect factors when compared to men. 
According to a review of multiple studies by PIRO, "men die more frequently than women in direct armed conflicts, while more women than men die in post-conflict situations of the indirect causes of war" [4]. That said, the study also makes clear that "[i]t is still unclear what it is about these post conflict situations that leads to all these female deaths and this is a research area that merits more attention". Regardless of the cause, it's not inaccurate to state that women are the primary victims of war. 
Moreover, the reason that the majority of combatant deaths are men is because of the propagation of traditional gender roles that feminists seek to abolish. Thus, using it in this context only serves to address one of the main points of the feminist movement.
2. Homicide victims are 76% men, 24% women — Of the 8 sources presented, none of them have anything to due with homicide. Of the two sources that had to do with criminal law, one links to a paragraph of commentary from the National Coalition For Men on an article from the Seattle Times regarding the sentencing gap [5], and the second was to a 2001 study from the University of Georgia also regarding the sentencing gap [6]. Neither of these have to do with homicides or any of statistics presented here. 
That being said, according to the FBI, men represent about 71% of homicide victims [7]. However, this is not evidence of criminal gender bias or female privilege. For example, in mass shootings, the victims are 37% women, 36% men, and 27% children [8]. This isn't consistent with the idea that felons primarily target men and avoid hurting women due to either conscious or subconscious biases. If mass shooters were biased towards women, we would see a decline in the percentage of female victims in randomized acts of murder.
In Canada during 2012, 15% of homicides were related to illegal professions [9] such as the drug trade, this number appears to be consistent in most other Western nations. Men make up the vast majority of involvement these illicit professions, including in the drug trade. While this doesn't explain away the whole disparity, it would explain why the the number of male homicide victims has been slowly declining alongside the rate of violent crime over the past two decades [10]. I suspect that the rest of the disparity has to do with the fact that men are more likely to take risks due to various factors. This is not me trying to victim-blame, I'm merely trying to describe demographic trends. The reason why men make up the majority of homicides is most likely the same reason why men make up 94% of shark attacks victims [11] and 81% of people who are struck by lighting [12]. In case you weren't already aware, sharks and lightening aren't misandrist.
3. Industrial deaths and accidents are 93% men and 7% women — Once again, out of all eight links given, none of them mention industrial deaths and accidents. However, men still make up the vast majority of workplace deaths [13]. There is not much that I can say in regards to this particular point other than the fact that it is partially an example of traditional gender roles at play, something that feminists have long sought to abolish.
4. Suicide victims are 80% men, 20% women — This is one of the few numbers presented that has a credible source [14], and it isn't one that I will question. Instead, I will argue that presenting it in this context ignores a larger picture. While men are more likely to commit suicide, the vast majority of attempted suicides occur among women [15]. This is commonly known as the gender paradox of suicidal behaviour. The reasons for this are partially due to the fact that men are more likely to use methods with higher rates of lethality. For instance, in 2005 the primary cause of death for American men who committed suicide was firearms (58%) while the primary cause of death for American women who committed suicide was poisoning (39%) [16]. This is not due to sexism of any kind, it's merely that suicidal men are more likely to be successful.
5. Winners of custody are 84% women, 16% men — While this is true, the reasons are not primarily due to bias in the family court system. In 51% of child custody cases, the decision is made by the parents with legal advice, in 29% of cases it was made by the parents without any third-part involvement, in 11% of cases the decision is made during mediation, 5% of time it's after a custody evaluation and only 4% of the time will the case actually go to trial [17]. All this tells us is that divorced fathers, on average, care less about child custody when compared to divorced mothers.
CITATIONS [1] http://archive.is/zOWJ6 [2] https://www.dmdc.osd.mil/dcas/pages/report_oef_deaths.xhtml [3] https://www.prio.org/Global/upload/CSCW/Data/Monitoring%20trends%20in%20global%20combat%20EJP.pdf [4] http://file.prio.no/Publication_files/Prio/Armed%20Conflict%20Deaths%20Disaggregated%20by%20Gender.pdf [5] https://ncfm.org/2011/04/issues/criminal-sentencing/ [6] http://people.terry.uga.edu/mustard/sentencing.pdf [7] https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2011/crime-in-the-u.s.-2011/tables/expanded-homicide-data-table-6 [8] http://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/us_55d3806ce4b07addcb44542a [9] http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2013001/article/11882-eng.htm#a1 [10] http://www.heuni.fi/material/attachments/heuni/projects/wd2vDSKcZ/Homicide_and_Gender.pdf [11] http://www.goshark.co.za/1/all/all/all [12] http://www.lightningsafety.noaa.gov/resources/RecentLightningDeaths.pdf [13] https://www.statista.com/statistics/187078/occupational-injury-death-rate-in-the-us-by-gender-since-1995/ [14] https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/suicidal-behavior-and-self-injury/suicidal-behavior [15] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/8205283/ [16] http://www.suicide.org/suicide-statistics.html [17] http://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/1617115
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youtube
So, this isn’t Tower related, but I found it while poking around YouTube for Tower content.  This is some rather nice footage of a very young DCA (the Soap Opera Bistro is even still there!), taken in its opening year.  My personal favorite thing about this is the footage of the hub wave fountain; I really liked that feature and wish it could have been incorporated into DCA 2.0 somewhere.
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Finals of Extinct Disney Parks attractions and experiences matchups!
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Reminder, you don't have had to experience any of the attractions/experiences to vote! Just read in the info and/or watch the vid,then vote for which you wish you would have experienced more/which sounds cooler!
Videos and propaganda/info dumping under cut
Journey Into Imagination: Epcot (1983-1998)
Propaganda:
"This is the way. Anyone else is just selling something."
youtube
Main Street Electrical Parade: Disneyland/DCA (1972-1974, 1977-1982, 1985-1996, 2001-2009(DCA), 2009-2010(DCA), 2017-2017, 2019-2019, 2022-2022), Disney World/Magic Kingdom (1977-1991, 1999-2001, 2010-2016), Tokyo Disneyland (1985-1995, Updated version 2001 'dream lights' still running), Disneyland Paris (1992-2003)
Propaganda:
While its no Spectromagic, its still one of, if not the most iconic Disney parade of all time! And the song is a BOP
youtube
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paponika · 2 years
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At 9:28 a.m. on Sept. 11, 2001 — after two hijacked jetliners struck the twin towers of the World Tr
At 9:28 a.m. on Sept. 11, 2001 — after two hijacked jetliners struck the twin towers of the World Trade Center, and shortly before a third plane slammed into the Pentagon — four extremists commandeered United Flight 93 out of Newark by overpowering the pilot and co-pilot as the aircraft headed west near Cleveland. The lone pilot among the hijackers, Ziad Jarrah, executed a U-turn and, at 9:55, dialed the navigational code for Reagan National Airport into the Boeing 757’s flight computer. Jarrah, of course, had no intention of landing at DCA. And the heroic revolt by passengers that began two minutes later meant the jetliner crashed in a field near Shanksville, Pa., less than 20 minutes’ flying time from the nation’s capital. But what was the intended target? Twenty years later, that remains 9/11’s greatest enduring mystery. The authoritative report by the bipartisan National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, was inconclusive: It found that “Jarrah’s objective was to crash his airliner into symbols of the American Republic, the Capitol or the White House.” Read more by clicking the link in our bio.
Note: All rights belong to their respective owners #livenews, #cablenews, #usnews, #businessnews, #worldnews, #news, #eveningnews, #nightlynews, #breakingnews, #nightlynewsnbc, #nbcnewsnow, #newsnbc, #nbcnewslive, #nbcnewstoday, #newstoday, #newsstation, #stockmarket, #nbcnewslivetoday, #newsnbclive, #nbcnewslivestream, #nbcnewsspecialreport, #newswithshepardsmith, #coroner, #nbclive, #nbc, #abc, #nbcspecialreport, #report, #Iamlatest #latesttrend #latestnews #latestissue #latestart #latestpicture #latestupdate #FoxNews #CNN #SkyNews #AlJazeera #BBC #MSNBC #Euronews #GeoNews #NDTVIndia
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inliminelitis161 · 2 years
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Motions in Limine
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Usages, abus et pièges
Les motions in limine ("sur ou au seuil" ou "au début") sont souvent le meilleur ami de l'avocat de première instance et "peuvent être une arme puissante lorsqu'elles sont utilisées correctement et au stade approprié du litige". David Paul Horowitz, In the Beginning ... Motions in Limine, 77-MAY N.Y. St. B.J. 16, 18 (mai 2005).
Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus sur ln limine litis
Ces motions peuvent et doivent être utilisées de manière prophylactique pour empêcher une partie adverse de présenter au jury des preuves non pertinentes et injustement préjudiciables.
Trop souvent, cependant, les motions in limine sont déposées à tort et à travers, ce qui entraîne non seulement une perte de temps, d'efforts et d'argent, mais peut également nuire à la cause de votre client. Cet article examine certains des pièges associés aux motions in limine improvisées et met en évidence les problèmes de conservation liés à ces motions.
Les motions in limine sont souvent déposées pour empêcher l'introduction de preuves inappropriées, dont "la simple mention au procès serait préjudiciable". Buy-Low Save Ctrs. Inc. v. Glinert, 547 So. 2d 1283, 1284 (Fla. 4th DCA 1989) ; accord Fittipaldi USA, Inc. v. Castroneves, 905 So. 2d 182, 187 (Fla. 3d DCA 2005).
Ces motions in limine doivent être rédigées avec soin afin d'indiquer précisément quelles preuves doivent être exclues et d'expliquer avec autant de clarté que possible pourquoi la preuve est si préjudiciable que sa simple mention serait injustement préjudiciable.
Au lieu de cela, il est assez fréquent de voir des motions in limine visant à empêcher la partie adverse de violer de manière générique une disposition du Code de la preuve. De même, de nombreux avocats déposent des motions visant à exclure des preuves qu'aucun avocat chevronné n'offrirait jamais en preuve.
Souvent, ces motions sont incluses dans une motion in limine "omnibus" massive, dans laquelle la partie requérante demande des décisions consultatives sur une multitude de catégories de preuves. Voir Randy Wilson, From My Side of the Bench, 59 The Advoc. (Texas) 74, 74-75 (été 2012). Ces types de requêtes génériques doivent être évités.
Non seulement elles sont généralement une perte de temps et d'argent à préparer, mais ces motions ennuient les juges de première instance. Id.
En effet, le dépôt d'une telle motion pourrait bien nuire à la crédibilité de l'avocat requérant lorsque le juge dispose de la motion par un laconique : " Je m'attends à ce que tous les avocats et témoins se conforment au Code de la preuve et aux règles de procédure pendant le procès. "
D'autres dangers doivent également être pris en compte. Par exemple, les motions in limine génériques peuvent "attirer l'attention de la partie adverse sur des preuves ou des arguments auxquels elle n'avait peut-être pas pensé auparavant." James J. Brosnahan, Motions In Limine in Federal Civil Trials, Formation juridique continue A.L.I.-A.B.A., SJ035 ALI-ABA 857 (2001).
Bien que cela puisse être improbable dans le cas d'un litige type ou lorsque des recherches approfondies ont été effectuées, ce danger est accru lorsque les recherches ont été limitées ou lorsque vous faites face à un adversaire inexpérimenté. Par conséquent, il est essentiel d'adapter vos motions in limine à votre cas particulier.
Un autre piège potentiel est de déposer une motion in limine qui est, en fait, une motion inaperçue pour un jugement sommaire.
Voir Rice v. Kelly, 483 So. 2d 559, 560 (Fla. 4th DCA 1986) (mettant en garde "les tribunaux de première instance de ne pas permettre aux "motions in limine" d'être utilisées comme des motions non écrites et inaperçues pour un jugement sommaire partiel ou des motions de rejet").
Lorsqu'une motion in limine élimine un élément de la demande ou de la défense d'une partie, le fait d'accorder la motion constitue une erreur préjudiciable à moins que la disposition sur les délais de la règle régissant le jugement sommaire soit respectée et que les normes pour un tel jugement soient satisfaites.
Voir Buy-Low Save Ctrs. Inc. v. Glinert, 547 So. 2d 1283, 1284 (Fla. 4th DCA 1989) ; Brock v. G.D. Searle & Co., 530 So. 2d 428, 430-31 (Fla. 1st DCA 1988).
Par conséquent, l'avocat doit examiner attentivement l'effet réel et pratique d'une ordonnance accordant une motion in limine. Si, en fait, une telle motion serait plus justement qualifiée de jugement sommaire, l'avocat devrait se conformer aux règles régissant ces motions.
Motions in Limine : Usages, abus et pièges
Les motions in limine ("sur ou au seuil" ou "au début") sont souvent le meilleur ami de l'avocat de première instance et "peuvent être une arme puissante lorsqu'elles sont utilisées correctement et au stade approprié du litige". David Paul Horowitz, In the Beginning ... Motions in Limine, 77-MAY N.Y. St. B.J. 16, 18 (mai 2005).
Ces motions peuvent et doivent être utilisées de manière prophylactique pour empêcher une partie adverse de présenter au jury des preuves non pertinentes et injustement préjudiciables. Suivez ce lien pour plus d’informations sur in limine litis
Trop souvent, cependant, les motions in limine sont déposées à tort et à travers, ce qui entraîne non seulement une perte de temps, d'efforts et d'argent, mais peut également nuire à la cause de votre client. Cet article examine certains des pièges associés aux motions in limine improvisées et met en évidence les problèmes de conservation liés à ces motions.
Les motions in limine sont souvent déposées pour empêcher l'introduction de preuves inappropriées, dont "la simple mention au procès serait préjudiciable". Buy-Low Save Ctrs. Inc. v. Glinert, 547 So. 2d 1283, 1284 (Fla. 4th DCA 1989) ; accord Fittipaldi USA, Inc. v. Castroneves, 905 So. 2d 182, 187 (Fla. 3d DCA 2005).
Ces motions in limine doivent être rédigées avec soin afin d'indiquer précisément quelles preuves doivent être exclues et d'expliquer avec autant de clarté que possible pourquoi la preuve est si préjudiciable que sa simple mention serait injustement préjudiciable.
Au lieu de cela, il est assez fréquent de voir des motions in limine visant à empêcher la partie adverse de violer de manière générique une disposition du Code de la preuve. De même, de nombreux avocats déposent des motions visant à exclure des preuves qu'aucun avocat chevronné n'offrirait jamais en preuve.
Souvent, ces motions sont incluses dans une motion in limine "omnibus" massive, dans laquelle la partie requérante demande des décisions consultatives sur une multitude de catégories de preuves. Voir Randy Wilson, From My Side of the Bench, 59 The Advoc. (Texas) 74, 74-75 (été 2012). Ces types de requêtes génériques doivent être évités.
Non seulement elles sont généralement une perte de temps et d'argent à préparer, mais ces motions ennuient les juges de première instance. Id.
En effet, le dépôt d'une telle motion pourrait bien nuire à la crédibilité de l'avocat requérant lorsque le juge dispose de la motion par un laconique : " Je m'attends à ce que tous les avocats et témoins se conforment au Code de la preuve et aux règles de procédure pendant le procès. "
D'autres dangers doivent également être pris en compte. Par exemple, les motions in limine génériques peuvent "attirer l'attention de la partie adverse sur des preuves ou des arguments auxquels elle n'avait peut-être pas pensé auparavant." James J. Brosnahan, Motions In Limine in Federal Civil Trials, Formation juridique continue A.L.I.-A.B.A., SJ035 ALI-ABA 857 (2001).
Bien que cela puisse être improbable dans le cas d'un litige type ou lorsque des recherches approfondies ont été effectuées, ce danger est accru lorsque les recherches ont été limitées ou lorsque vous faites face à un adversaire inexpérimenté. Par conséquent, il est essentiel d'adapter vos motions in limine à votre cas particulier.
Un autre piège potentiel est de déposer une motion in limine qui est, en fait, une motion inaperçue pour un jugement sommaire.
Voir Rice v. Kelly, 483 So. 2d 559, 560 (Fla. 4th DCA 1986) (mettant en garde "les tribunaux de première instance de ne pas permettre aux "motions in limine" d'être utilisées comme des motions non écrites et inaperçues pour un jugement sommaire partiel ou des motions de rejet").
Lorsqu'une motion in limine élimine un élément de la demande ou de la défense d'une partie, le fait d'accorder la motion constitue une erreur préjudiciable à moins que la disposition sur les délais de la règle régissant le jugement sommaire soit respectée et que les normes pour un tel jugement soient satisfaites.
Voir Buy-Low Save Ctrs. Inc. v. Glinert, 547 So. 2d 1283, 1284 (Fla. 4th DCA 1989) ; Brock v. G.D. Searle & Co., 530 So. 2d 428, 430-31 (Fla. 1st DCA 1988).
Par conséquent, l'avocat doit examiner attentivement l'effet réel et pratique d'une ordonnance accordant une motion in limine. Si, en fait, une telle motion serait plus justement qualifiée de jugement sommaire, l'avocat devrait se conformer aux règles régissant ces motions.
Néanmoins, dans de nombreux cas, le rejet initial de la motion in limine empêchera effectivement le réexamen complet de la motion, car la partie adverse peut convaincre le juge que "vous avez déjà examiné cette question et rejeté la motion". Le fait d'avoir une transcription peut aider à prévenir cette situation, mais ce n'est pas une garantie.
Cela ne signifie pas que vous ne devriez pas déposer une motion in limine pour exclure une preuve inappropriée, mais vous devez mettre en balance les risques associés à un rejet précoce de la motion avec les avantages que vous pourriez obtenir si le juge entend l'exposé introductif et certaines preuves, plaçant ainsi le tribunal dans une meilleure position pour statuer sur le fond de la question de la preuve.
En conclusion, comme le juge Wilson l'a expliqué avec pertinence, les motions in limine "ne sont pas des motions de rejet ou des motions de jugement sommaire, mais elles ne sont pas non plus des réflexions pro forma après coup". Wilson, From My Side of the Bench, 59 The Advoc. (Texas), p. 75.
Plutôt que de déposer des motions éparses qui vont ennuyer les juges de première instance et qui risquent de mettre la puce à l'oreille de la partie adverse sur une question qu'elle a négligée, l'avocat devrait " se concentrer sur les questions qui comptent vraiment pour votre cause et sur la façon de les présenter de la manière la plus convaincante possible ". Id.
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