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comrade-meow · 3 years

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The French Utopian Socialist Charles Fourier wrote that ‘One could judge the degree of civilization of a country by the social and political position of its women’.

The details of the Sarah Everard abduction, rape and murder at the hands of a serving Metropolitan Police Officer have highlighted just how bad the social and political position of women in Britain remains. This is the horrific story of a young woman subject to supposed arrest by a policeman and then to the most terrifying ordeal.

However the case has wider implications than the personal tragedy of Sarah and her family and loved ones. It speaks to the position of women in society and the role of those supposed to protect us. It also suggests that the widespread lip service to women’s rights across society does not match the reality.

Commentary from many about the case seems in denial about the fact that it was perpetrated by someone who was actually a policeman, not someone impersonating one. He used his powers to handcuff and abduct her. The advice that women in such situations should call 999, flag down a bus (even in London an unlikely possibility) or refuse to get in the car is simply unrealistic. Anyone who has tried resisting arrest or questioning why it is happening knows exactly the response we are likely to get from the Met and other police forces.

Not only that, it suggests that women should change their behaviour whereas it is the police and other institutions of state who should be changing theirs. Couzens had been accused three times of indecent exposure (twice just days before the Everard abduction). None of this affected his police career, which involved him guarding at various times civil nuclear buildings and embassies, including the US embassy, a job which allowed him to carry firearms. It has now been revealed that he was on duty in parliament on several occasions. He was in a WhatsApp group with other policemen which contained racist, sexist, and homophobic comments. Those in the Met were not immediately suspended at this discovery, although those in other forces were.

The record of the Metropolitan Police is shocking over this – the lack of proper vetting of this man, the assignment to an armed unit, the knowledge of other officers about his sexual offences, the brutal attacks on women during the vigil following Sarah’s death. Those who retain illusions that women in high places are empathetic to others should consider that both Cressida Dick, the Metropolitan Police Commissioner who presided over this, and Priti Patel, that most right wing of Home Secretaries determined to hang on to her, are women.

They preside over a deeply racist and sexist police force, whose culture reflects a society which persistently refuses to allow equality for women and black people. Despite periodic outcries over a series of scandals, long inquiries and investigations and some minor changes, this results in a thoroughly discriminatory ‘canteen culture’ and a policing policy which targets and criminalises ethnic minorities and treats women all too often as a series of degraded stereotypes. The Spycops revelations about undercover police having affairs with women political activists show the contempt in which women are held. Prosecutions for domestic violence and rape are at all time lows, and police involvement in domestic violence in their own relationships is above the average.

Shocking revelations in the Sunday Mirror showed that 26 Metropolitan Police officers have committed sex crimes since 2016, including rape and possessing indecent images of children, and two were sent to prison in April, after Sarah’s murder.

Surely at the very minimum Cressida Dick should resign, the Police Bill, which gives them more restrictive powers, should be withdrawn, and there should be a series of demands to improve women’s safety from the police – which doesn’t involve more police! At root, the role of the police is to protect those who own wealth and power in society. The poor, the oppressed, trade unionists, have always been subject to the sort of hostile policing that reflects that.

If the Everard case raises so many questions about the nature of the police it also does so about the treatment of women in capitalist society. As many commentaries have endorsed in recent months, every woman fears the threat of attack. Nearly every woman has suffered some sort of sexual attack or harassment. The high-profile cases around Me Too are only the tip of the iceberg, with women at work subject to sexual harassment and women in the home facing violence – two women a week in Britain die at the hands of partners.

There’s also the economic violence: women’s pay remains much lower than men’s, they carry the burden of domestic labour, they are often denied maternity rights, they work in some of the lowest paid and least valued jobs, their healthcare and reproductive rights are under threat.

There is a common narrative that women have won their rights – that there was the campaign for the vote more than 100 years ago, then the women’s liberation movement in the 60s and 70s which achieved women’s economic and social independence. There only need to be minor adjustments for full equality – some gender pay gap reporting, more women in high profile positions, diversity policies. The reality is that, despite the very real advances for women in recent decades, these are structural inequalities which go to the heart of capitalist society.

Women’s oppression is rooted in their role in the family and the social reproduction of labour. It is therefore central to the whole system and we will need to overthrow the system to begin to end it. The rights that we have won had to be forced from capital and many of them have still not been realised.

I found it incredible that Labour MP David Lammy said last week that some women were ‘dinosaurs’ who were ‘hoarding their rights’. The statement shows a complete ignorance and disregard for the actual situation of women. The term also suggests that women have a surfeit of rights, some of which they can give away. This is insulting to women and does not help the debate over trans and women’s rights.

The truth is that we can – and have to - respect the rights of both women and trans people without suggesting that women have to give up some of their rights in order for others to gain. Indeed that would only serve to worsen women’s oppression. In the light of the Sarah Everard and other terrible cases of rape and murder involving women like Bibaa Henry, her sister Nicole Smallman, and most recently young teacher Sabina Nessa, this is not the time to suggest a retreat from the right to have single sex spaces for women.

Instead we should be looking at how we defend the rights oppressed groups already have and discussing how we can extend them. That isn’t done by denigrating women or suggesting that because they are the largest oppressed group they face fewer problems. In fact their oppression is at the root of all sexual oppression.

#Anglo.txt

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edogawatranslations · 5 years

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Danganronpa Kirigiri (3) - Chapter 1, Part 1

Table of Contents | Previous: Introduction and Translation Notes

Danganronpa Kirigiri: Volume 3

Chapter 1 - The Boy and the Count

The dawn of a new year.

That was how he referred to it.[1]

What awaited us was quite possibly not simply the turn of the calendar year, but instead, the end of one era and the start of another.

January 7th.

Winter vacation had ended, ushering in the new school term.

The gentle rays of the sun streamed in through the windows, illuminating a row of my classmates’ drowsy faces. Even though the school bell had already signaled the start of class, an air of lethargy still hung over the room. The only hint of liveliness came from the pesky sound of the teacher’s chalk dancing across the blackboard.

Once recess began, I walked over to the middle school classroom.

Kyoko Kirigiri’s seat was empty.

I approached a nearby student, who confirmed to me that she was indeed absent.

—She’s been missing since that day.

That day, when we emerged victorious from the Duel Noir at Norman’s Hotel and witnessed the peculiar sight of the stage curtain behind the murder game unraveling. That place, from where the two of us escaped hand-in-hand, trembling with fear.

Thinking back to it now, parting ways afterwards was a mistake. I should never have let go of her hand. I didn’t stop her from going back to her house, as I believed that to be the safest place for her. After escorting her home, I returned to my dormitory room.

The following week was filled with nothing but ordinary days, devoid of any murder investigations or Duel Noirs. Yet, every waking moment—when I was working on homework, taking a shower, or even lying in my bed—the image of those who died weighed heavily on my mind. My heart was still deeply engrossed in the case. I couldn’t help but think that the peaceful, uneventful hours passing by marked a temporary suspension of reality.

Longing to speak with Kyoko, I tried calling her house, but nobody picked up. Not her, not even her grandfather or her live-in housekeepers. It was the same no matter when I called.

Finding it odd, I decided to stop by her house in person. Pressing the intercom button outside didn’t trigger any response. The surveillance cameras at the gate gazed coldly in my direction. From what I could see of the residence over the tall fence, all the lights were off, and nobody seemed to be home.

Did something happen to Kyoko?

Knowing that she hadn’t been coming to school, my vague anxieties cemented into grave concern.

It was almost as if Kyoko Kirigiri had been whisked away from this world.

Did the Crime Victims’ Salvation Committee finally make their move? The organization’s leader, Mikado Shinsen, was somehow connected with Kyoko’s detective grandfather. Perhaps she had gotten entangled in some trouble between the two of them.

If she had been abducted, then it would be up to a detective with a Detective Shelf Classification number of [88]—those specializing in kidnapping cases—to find her. That meant me.

I’ll save her.

—But the way things were, I had no way of knowing if she had actually been kidnapped. She couldn’t have fallen into the hands of the enemy so easily. As the sole daughter of the Kirigiri detective clan, she possessed extraordinary talent and abilities, which I had the pleasure of witnessing with my own eyes many times over.

Just where did Kyoko disappear to?

———

Tracking down missing persons was a detective’s duty.

For my first stop, I decided to pay a visit to the Detective Library, hoping that there would be a message or clue left for me there.

The Detective Library contained an archive of files with information on approximately 65,500 detectives. The collection was open to the public, making it so that anyone could freely browse through at their leisure. Any person seeking information pertaining to a detective would be wise to make it their first priority to come here.

I got off the bus once it reached the Detective Library, and slipped through the old-fashioned gates. The front porch of the building was designed with a western flair, and as I stepped onto it, I once again found myself standing in front of the portal that led to the forest of detectives.

I had come here many times in the past. Just a few days earlier, Kyoko and I had entered through these doors. Yet, on this occasion, standing before the Detective Library inspired not only the usual sense of wonder and mystery, but also a certain feeling of dread that a formidable darkness lay within its walls.

That apprehension was most likely the result of me having been through two Duel Noirs. I couldn’t help but imagine that the dark shadow of the Crime Victims’ Salvation Committee was cast over the Detective Library.

On the surface, the Detective Library labeled itself a neutral institution, free from the influence of all outside organizations. But was that really the truth?

Mikado Shinsen, the architect of the Crime Victims’ Salvation Committee, was one of the individuals who played a key role in establishing the Detective Library fifteen years ago. The detectives summoned for Duel Noirs were determined on the basis of their DSC rank. Furthermore, the detectives with the highest DSC rank of [000] had apparently joined forces with Shinsen.[2]

Considering the facts, it wouldn’t have been at all surprising if the Detective Library and the Crime Victims’ Salvation Committee were secretly conspiring with one another.

If that were the case, then I was about to venture into the enemy base all alone.

Everything was fine. I wasn’t scared—

At least, I hadn’t been before I stepped off the bus.

To compensate for my fright, I marched through the doors towards the counter with my head held high, though I don’t think I was able to completely mask the fear on my face.

“Are there any messages for me?” I asked, flashing my Detective Library ID card to the grizzle-haired staff member at the counter. The thought that he could be part of the sinister organization crossed my mind.

He took my card into his hands and glanced at it before shaking his head. “There are none.”

“Then... Please update my record,” I requested.

With sluggish movements, the employee turned to the nearby computer and inserted my card into the terminal.

After a brief moment, he said, “There are no updates for you.”

“Wait, really?”

The employee gave a silent nod and handed me back my card.

Sure, maybe I wasn’t much help during the last Duel Noir, but I still expected my rank to increase by at least one. Alas, reality was unforgiving.

I stepped away from the counter and made my way into the archive room.

Countless files lined the organized rows of bookcases. The room was deserted and still, with the silence broken only by the sound of my footsteps echoing off the lofty ceiling. I weaved through the aisles until I reached the [9] section—homicide detectives.

I located Kyoko’s file, pulled it out, and flipped it open.

Nothing in her file had changed since the last time I visited. There was still not a single word written about the Norman’s Hotel case. It was possible that there was no record because Kyoko wasn’t summoned as the detective for that Duel Noir.

No, but the Sirius Observatory case was clearly listed in her file, even though she hadn’t been selected as the detective back then either.

Then, perhaps no record of the case existed because it hadn’t been made public. There were no reports of the case on TV or in the newspapers.

An idea suddenly popped into my head. I shuffled over to the [900] shelf and found the file for Suisei Nanamura, the double-zero class detective summoned for the Norman’s Hotel case.

His file overflowed with his glowing accomplishments. However, nothing alluded to the conclusion of the most recent case. Detectives who passed away normally had their profile column updated with their year of death, but Nanamura’s file contained nothing of the sort.

I had no doubt that Nanamura was dead. After all, he shot his head with a pistol, right before my very eyes. His body, along with the entire hotel, folded into the scenery and vanished into thin air.

Mikado Shinsen had folded his handkerchief inches from my face, and at the same time, the scenery behind it had been folded up as well. The whole scenario felt like a dream.

But Kyoko assured me that all of it was real.

“His handkerchief prevented you from witnessing the scene, but I can confirm that the hotel flipped into the ground,” she said.

“‘Flipped into’?”

After the case had concluded, the two of us returned to investigate where the hotel had stood, and we discovered the slightest of gaps beneath the base of the wall encompassing the area. According to Kyoko, the hotel had been standing on a thick board-like foundation that had a revolving axis running through its center, forming a mechanism that made it possible to flip the building into the ground to transform the property into a vacant plot of land. The wall served as camouflage, obscuring the gaps in the dirt.

Kyoko nodded. “You theorized that the walls in the hotel rooms rotated to create the locked rooms. But it wasn’t the walls that could flip—it was the building itself.”

The reason Mikado Shinsen used his handkerchief to block my view was likely to momentarily conceal the apparatus. A trick often used by magicians and illusionists alike.

Kyoko continued, “A device of unimaginable proportions would be required to smoothly rotate a building that large into the ground without making a sound. Perhaps all the locations used for Duel Noirs have mechanisms set up that allow them to appear and disappear in the blink of an eye. The buildings are normally kept out of sight, and only surface when a murder game is about to unfold.”

“Then how do you explain the surrounding scenery being folded up and vanishing?”

“I think it did exactly that—folded up and vanished. The background was likely designed so that it could be easily disassembled at any time, like folding backdrops used in plays. Since we can think of Duel Noirs as a kind of production, it wouldn’t be strange if even the scenery was constructed as part of the stage.”

Kyoko expressed confidence in her theory, but I couldn’t shake my skepticism. The Crime Victims’ Salvation Committee planned numerous crimes in many different locations. Did they really have the capacity to design all those elaborate devices and portable sceneries? All the money in the world didn’t seem like enough to accomplish that.

Money wasn’t the only limiting factor. The organization also needed a sufficient number of stagehands. Preparing and dismantling the set required a considerable amount of manpower, but the more people involved in the production, the more vulnerable the organization was to having its secrets leaked.

And yet, Duel Noirs were still being held without arousing public suspicion. Who knew how many challenges had been issued? However large the organization was, it must have been extremely meticulous and methodical in its affairs.

Just how many people were involved with the Crime Victims’ Salvation Committee? Was I simply too oblivious to realize that I was walking amongst its rank and file every day?

That thought caused chills to run through my body.

When Shinsen and the other Committee members left the scene that day, they made clear to us their tremendous financial power and their organizational capacity. And perhaps more terrifying, their ability to turn even the most ridiculous nightmares into reality...

If I had more thoroughly searched the scene back then, maybe I could’ve at least unearthed Nanamura’s corpse. As long as he and the other victims’ bodies remained undiscovered, the case would likely never see the light of day.

I let out a heavy sigh and returned Nanamura’s file back to its place on the shelf.

Perhaps a great number of the detectives listed in these archives were associates of the Crime Victims’ Salvation Committee.

Then, how many truly dignified detectives remained in the world? Even the triple-zero class detectives, who commanded the respect of many, belonged to the enemy camp.

I couldn’t let my guard down. The scene before me right this instant may very well have been a manufactured illusion.

With Kyoko missing, there was nobody whom I could place my trust in. How would I go about discerning between fact and fiction?

In the end, the Detective Library offered no clues relating to Kyoko’s whereabouts.

Since the library’s closing time drew near, I started making my way to the room’s exit. My eyes may have been playing tricks on me, but the room seemed to grow ever-so-slightly dimmer. The lamp above the door flickered on.

In the faint light, I motioned to step through the door frame, when all of a sudden—

A figure appeared, slipped past me, and entered the room.

A sweet scent lingered after them and found its way into my nostrils. The smell wasn’t artificial like a perfume; it was more pleasant and nostalgic, something that reminded me of flowers blooming at dawn.

The person who passed me was a young boy with bright, colorful hair.

He was dressed in a vest like an adult, with a suit jacket draped over his right arm. Without making a sound, he continued walking. I only managed to catch a glimpse of his face the split second we passed one another, but it was enough to make me gulp.

I had seen him somewhere before.

He wasn’t someone from my past, however. Rather, he reminded me of an angel in one of those religious paintings, or a sprite from a fairy tale gamboling in the sunlight. He was a pretty boy who looked strangely familiar, yet whose existence had to be that of a phantasmal being not of this world.

I spun around to try to get another look at him, but he had already disappeared. The faint aroma lingering in the air indicated where he went.

I felt like I had just seen a ghost.

Was that kid looking for a detective?

Something about him captured my imagination, but I decided not to dwell on things any further, and left the Detective Library empty-handed. To me, finding Kyoko was more important than wondering about some mysterious boy.

[1] (TN: "He” being Mikado Shinsen at the end of Volume 2.) [2] (TN: At the end of Volume 2, Yui and Kyoko see two of the three triple-zero class detectives—Gekka Ryuuzouji and Johnny Arp—leaving the scene of the hotel with Mikado Shinsen.)

Next: Chapter 1, Part 2

#danganronpa #danganronpa kirigiri #dr kirigiri #translation #light novel #novel #kirigiri

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randomnotesofmyown · 3 years

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Psycho-Pass (7-8)

Episode 7 - Symbolism of Bletilla Striata

Ouryou visited her bedridden father. She thought to herself, "Everyone here is the same. They don't notice anything. They don't say anything. And they don't think anything. They are merely a shell of their former selves and soon they will disappear like the melting snow. This epidemic leads innocent people to their death. And yet its pathogen will never be eradicated. This is a disease called serenity, a form of death that people have wished for."

Ginoza, Kogami and Tsunemori at the park where the "artwork" was found. Ginoza decided to take Kogami off the case because he couldn't allow a detective who was not able to put aside his preconceived notions to be a part of the initial investigation. Kogami walked away. Ginoza then ordered Tsunemori to keep an eye on Kogami so he wouldn't do anything stupid.

Ginoza and the others discussed the similarities between the artwork case and the specimens case while Tsunemori watched Kogami doing his combat training.

After the training session was over, Kogami and Tsunemori started talking about the specimen case, enforcer Sasayama and the circumstances of his death. Kogami said the it looked like the culprit intended to send a message

Tsunemori asked if any leads from the specimen case could be of use to the new case, Kogami said yes and showed Tsunemori a pixelated photo of a man named Makishima.

At Oso academy, more students had gone missing.

"Ouryou Rikako. Okubo was really crazy about her, right? Rikako seemed to show some interest in her as well. If you ask her, she might know something."

Ouryou in her bedroom reciting a quotation from Kierkegaard that her father liked, "'Because man is superior to animals, in other words, because man is the self, and the spirit, man can be in despair.'" Then, she went to give her own reflection. "Unless you know despair, you cannot know hope. My father used dismembered bodies as the subject of many of his drawings. That's because they symbolize the contradictory nature of the self. I had great respect for my father. He was aware of his obligation as an artist and continued to focus intently on using his creations to enlighten people. I think even now that he was indeed a great artist. Especially because of that, I really can't forgive him for abandoning that duty halfway through. Yesterday, my father passed away. He's been as good as dead for a while, but finally even his heart gave in. But I'm okay. I'm not sad. I' his daughter, will carry out my father's duty together with you guys. Don't you think that's wonderful? It's exciting...right, Yoshika?"

Makishima in his house having a conversation with his guest. They talked about the benefits of stress before psycho-pass check was introduced. "For some time, it's been understood that moderate stress has beneficial effects. For example, it stimulates the immune system. As they say, it's a motivation in your life. You can even call it a reason for living. However, once Psycho-pass checks became routine, people have found their sense of stress numbed so much that patients who can't even recognize stimulation itself started appearing. Once that happens, they're the same as living corpses. Soon their autonomic nervous system stops functioning on its own and their vital functions shut down."

Makishima continued to point out Ouryou Rikako's father also suffered from eustress deficiency and discussed his works. "He was a genius in drawing cruel, vivid nightmares using girls' bodies as motifs. However, he himself was a man of quite strict morality. Well, it's not uncommon for there to be a disconnect between the creator and the impression their creations give. But in Rouichi's case, there was a firm ideology there. According to him, by becoming firmly aware of the cruelty that's hiding in the dark depths of the human heart, humans can foster the common sense, ability to reason, and goodwill that can control that cruelty. He defined his creation activities as enlightening people about that. However, the spread of psycho-pass assessments ended this role that he had decided for himself. People don't have to control themselves anymore. Instead, they can now maintain their mental health through machine assessments. I heard...that Rouichi welcomed this technology. Whatever the means was, his ideals of humans having a healthy and sound mind has been realized. As a result, though, his mission had ended and his life lost its meaning."

He became addicted to the stress care technology. "As a result, he became a living corpse who couldn't even sit up on the bed, huh?" Makishima's guest pondered.

"It's as if Ouryou Rouichi was killed twice. First, his talent was killed by science and technology. And then, his soul was killed by society."

"I hope she finds some meaning beyond revenge, though."

While Makishima and his guest made this long conversation about Ouryou Rouichi and Ouryou Rikako, the music played in the background was identified as Beethoven's 9th symphony - Ode to Joy. And there is this entry at Wikipedia describing this music as a protest anthem through the years.

Ouryou Rikako called Choe Gu-Sung. Then she packed and went to what appeared to be a lab and entered. She started creating her third artwork with Yoshika's body.

The second artwork was found in a park.

Ouryou Rikako was painting as Kawarazaki Kagami asked her about Okubo Yoshika. Kawarazaki walked over to Ouryou and saw her painting

Ouryou stood up saying

And she injected something to Kawarazaki

The girl instantly collapsed to the floor.

When Kawarazaki came to, she found herself tied up and gagged, lying on the floor facing the naked body of Okubo Yoshika in a glass container filled with chemicals.

Ouryou appeared behind her. "A touching reunion with your childhood friend. It's an emotionally stirring scene, isn't it? It really makes me cry. I want to reenact this moving scene in a place more and more people can see it. Having such thoughts may indeed be the fate of an artist. "

A desperate gagged scream.

End of episode 7.

Episode 8 - And then, silence

Makishima and Ouryou Rikako talked about the targets she chose, the education policy at Oso Academy and where Ouryou would display her artwork next.

The agents were gathering evidence at Oso academy.

Tsunemori and Kogami discussed their take on the spiecemen case and the artwork case. Tsunemori thought the culprit would be the same person but Kogami thought otherwise. Kogami explained that in the spiecemen case, the victims's bodies were dismembered in ways to convey messages, and the locations they were found varied. But this time, both bodies were found in a park. The setup is boring.

Kogami concluded that they lacked something critical: originality.

"To Toma Kouzaburo, murdering people was just about preparing materials. Up to that point, it's the same in the current murder case. But from that point, the ways they worked on the bodies are totally different. I get a totally different picture of the culprit. He's highly intelligent and is assigned to a job with a high income by Sibyl's judgment. But he's quite young, or he's someone whose mental age is young. Considering the bodies didn't show many indignities of a sexual nature, we can guess that he wasn't abused as a child." Kogami ended his profiling of the culprit and then requested to go out, Tsunemori said she would have to come along.

Kogami and Tsunemori headed to Tokorozawa Correction and Rehabilitation Center (所沢矯正保謢センタ－) to talk to an artist inmate. He showed the inmate photos of recent artworks. The inmate commented that they looked like works done by Ouryou Rouichi. The two agents had no clue who Ouryou Rouichi was. The inmate showed them one of the artwork by Ouryou Rouichi that he had in his collection.

And added that they sold for good money because they contained firm fundamental themes.

Kogami thanked the inmate for his help and turned to Tsunemori, asking if the name Ouryou brought up anything. Tsunemori found that a student at Oso academy had the same family name.

Kogami headed straight to the Oso Academy, located Ouryou and pointed a dominator at her.

The teacher who tagged along Kogami tried to stop him from firing and Ouryou seized the opportunity to run. She escaped.

The agents inspected Ouryou's drawings. Kagami's friend saw it and identified her friend.

The agents gathered at the control room, checking footages to locate Ouryou Rikako. Ginoza asked how Kogami found out about this suspect. "The culprit this time decided where to exhibit bodies based solely on whether or not it catches people's attention."

The retrieval of footage with Ouryou Rikako done, and Kogami spotted one image of the girl that was on her own, unaccompanied by others.

After hearing the reply that the camera was at the garbage disposal facility behind the dorm, Kogami headed to that location immediately. The other agents followed him.

It was completely dark inside. Then someone switched the lights on and they saw another artwork.

In the teacher's room, Makishima replayed the recording of Kogami's deduction and was impressed. Makishima's colleague approached, addressed him as Mr. Shibata, and asked if he was interested in music as well. Another colleague rushed in and told everyone in the room that students' bodies were found. Everyone ran out of the room, leaving Makishima alone. He tempered with the CCTV recordings.

Kogami realized it. Yet he managed to reconstruct the audio part of the damaged footage.

Ouryou was still on the run. She asked Choe Gu-sung if the route she was on was the right one. No reply. She looked back, and found no one. Then she got a call from Makishima. "Just in case, I'd like to ask you a question before this is all over. Ouryou Rikako, do you yourself realize how you came to disappoint me? " Ouryou had no clue. "Well...if you don't realize it, then I guess you can't even reflect on it. As I suspected, it seems that I can't expect any more growth from you. It's unfortunate. At first, I thought you had a bright future. " Ouryou asked what Makishima meant by that. "I think this is a line by Tamora, the Queen of Goths. 'So should I rob my sweet sons of their fee. No, let them satisfy their lust on thee.'" Ouryou's mobile phone network died.

"'The hunt is up, the morn is bright and grey. The fields are fragrant and the woods are green. Uncouple here and let us make a bay.'" Makishima continued quoting the Queen of Goths.

"'They told me, here, at dead time of the night, a thousand fiends, a thousand hissing snakes, ten thousand swelling toads, as many urchins, would make sure fearful and confused cries.'"

Ouryou hid in the dark, relieved at the sight that the thing (electric hound) walked past without noticing her. She stepped right into a trap.

"'Listen, fair madam: let it be your glory to see her tears; but be your heart to them as unrelenting flint to drops of rain.'"

Rikako tapped open her father's photo on her phone. An electric hound found her.

"'So, now go tell, and if thy tongue can speak, who 'twas that cut thy tongue and ravish'd thee. Write down thy mind, bewray thy meaning so. And if thy stumps will let thee play the scribe.'"

As Ouryou was being pursued and injured by the hound, Makishima's guest hummed the tune of Ode to Joy.

Makishima's guest appeared in front of Ouryou Rikako

The man said coldly that "you don't have to worry about that." Then he fired.

After Rikako died, Makishima made a request that information about Kogami be gathered, adding that Kogami's insight and ability to grasp were quite interesting.

End of episode 8.

Comment: Episode seven: It seems Makishima's view was that the technology had become all-encompassing in every aspect of human life that humans no longer have to make decisions on their own, that since everything had been taken care of, humans got reduced to living things only. And he wanted to rebel against that system, he wanted to see how humans cope without that system, maybe that's why Ode to Joy was used as the background music when Makishima made that long speech about Ouryou Rouichi's art and how he lost his life's meaning to science and technology.

Episode eight: Makishima spent a great part of episode eight quoting Tamora, a villain from Shakespeare's Titus Androinicus. I googled and found that this villain was very consumed with the thought to revenge against Titus Abdroinicus, the general who captured her. And she made elaborate plans to carry out her revenge on everyone mattered to Titus. So it seems a major theme on Makishima's mind was revenge. And as with Mido, when Makishima got bored with Rikako, he discarded her without mercy. And he's guest, a hunter with two electric hounds, hunted Rikako down, injured her, and then killed her with a shot to the head. Merciless, manipulative, vengeful, with utter disregard of life, such are the components of Makishima's personality.

#psycho pass

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pressednpeeled · 5 years

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5 ways rap has influenced your life.

“She's dead! She's gone forever, and YOU killed her!” cried out an angry old hip-hop head at a young man cruising by bumping new music labeled “mumble rap.” In This colorful age of constant change, there is no room for ignorance and discrimination of art, it is all after all, art. Leaning on being a sport today, rap and hip hop communities have divided themselves by confusing themselves with an old school new school divide. Old school considering “good hip hop and rap” to only be music done by the pioneers, new school being more attached to a feel or vibe of the musical context. While many rap veterans did drop the first wave of influence, nothing will ever go unchanged, especially social expression outlets.That being said we have to understand that the older fans relate so loyally to older music, because it paints memories of a very alive, important time in their lives.

In this listicle I will cover the significance of raps influence on American culture. I will go over some history of hip-hop, and its political influence that has influenced the nation culture deeply. We will touch on rap not only being a genre, but a verb as well. We will cover it's subcultures and the competitive side of the art that has kept this genres heart beating.

The corporate world catalyzed the culture into economical prevalence, in turn officially commercialized rap. With rap on the rise due somewhat to corporate influence, the topics began to degrade and became financially arrogant. The newest artists were getting views based on flashy appearances and being antagonistically controversial, not for honed skills. Like a blessing in disguise, this allowed bad examples to be displayed and criticized, suddenly,we were able to truly appreciate skilled Artists again. One could understand how the older generations opinions became judgmental, then stagnant as they fell into the generational cycle and fulfilled their destiny. We must also consider that older listeners are generally less familiar with technological advances and therefore decline to discover newer rhyme that isn't negatively publicized.

When Nas label the genre “dead” in 2006 many older fans were confused: they simply couldn't accept the fact that culture (and along with culture, music) does not stay the same forever; it outgrows us; it outruns us. Furthermore sub genres that confuse older crowds are what make up a lot of prevalent music today. That being said, rap has had some awful productions in recent years, experimenting with new technology, motivations, styles and of course corporate influence. The record labels saw financial opportunities and began taking over artistic moves and filtering genuine content as if they designed the artists. As time goes on new artists emerge that remind us what great hip hop or rap are.

Here are 5 reasons Hip-Hop is alive, well, and actually doing better than ever before.

Rap is a verb. performance, a sport, an activity a past time, rap has been considered all of these things at some point or another. It was a way to express or deliver a message to others that conveys energy intelligence, and creativity. Writer Doran Rosenberg talks about how hip hops basics evolved culturally and organically. People rapped for the love of expression, to explore uncharted artistic depths, and to paint a beautiful portrait with words. Then unfortunately Rap was exploited by corporations seeking financial success over artistic quality. This is the main reason the genre has struggled lyrically over the last few years with the addition of some psycho social implications that began to shift the reason artists began making music in the first place. While people began wanting to do it for the glory, riches and fame, the love for the craft and unique self expression became unpopular sadly.

.https://www.elitedaily.com/music/music-news/critics-are-crying-the- decline-of-rap-is-hip-hop-really-dead.

2. Rap is a part of america's political history and a beacon for social issues

Rap is not only is an artistic venue, but also serves as a political beacon for inner city communities to express things going on that the rest of the world, doesn't see. On theodysseyonline.com Bailey Marshal speaks on the old rap coming back threw new, rappers like Kendrick Lamar, who proved rap is merely a reflection of society and a true form of art.

https://www.theodysseyonline.com/why-hip-hop-isnt-dead

Lamar is one of the few rappers in a very very long time to use the power of politics threw his works. Comparable to N.W.A. in the way they reflected on police brutality and social problems when racial injustice in Ghetto communities began to catch attention during the 1980′s. Most of the country had no idea these issues were happening until N.W.A made The problems public in 1988 with the song “Fuck The Police,” loud, offensive and boisterous but these Hero were actually doing a great job of exposing police racial profiling African and Hispanics Americans in the inner cities. It wasn't until the 1991 police beating of Rodney King that was broadcaster that these issues had gained more attention, later. Hip Hop gave us a voice that we could raise when the racial discrimination was a bigger problem, setting the beginning mark of a revolutionary time in history for many Americans. Americans cultural involvement in rap is deep rooted within freedom of speech and the reform of racial and social injustice. So why how could it die when it has nurtured the american society in so many social ways.

3. Rap will live on because of the social side of it.

Rappers have not always been the best role models, and beginning in 2000 the confusion of rap started with the transition of the era that affected the sport almost totally. Overly Explicit shock material or irrelevant topics began arising to only receive attention as quickly as possible. While some music did seem outrageous we still must understand that some artist were only attempting to convey intense strong feelings into words, not worried about making the listeners uncomfortable or offended, like Eminem. Many rappers around this time also fueled career off rivalry like Soldier boy, and 50 cent, taking shots at any already successful artist simply to stir up fan bases of the known artist to create controversy about them, generating free advertisement for them. These rappers seemed desperate for financial success and fame even though some did already have tasteful artistry to them. Angered by the perpetuated success of some of these braggadocios bonafide clowns, slowly, but surely the minds that Tupac Shakur spoke of, began to spark up, into the world. These heroes began checking new foo foo artist, reminding us of the important values of this poetic craft.

Kendrick Lamar single handedly reignite the passion for hip hop with a message to rappers of today to get up and realize the loss of control within the industry as an artists. Kendrick re raised the bar in the song “Control”. He compares himself to the greats and calls out all the top players in today's hip hop industry and even a few friends on the song with him!. Stating that we must not forget that hip hop is a sport and everyone should know, right now, hes the king of it.

“I heard the barbershops be in great debates all the time, 'Bout who's the best MC: Kendrick, Jigga, and Nas, Eminem, André 3000; the rest of y'all new n*ggas just new n*ggas, don't get involved! And I ain't rockin' no more designer shit! White T’s and Nike Cortez, this red Corvettes anonymous,I'm usually homeboys with the same n*ggas I’m rhymin' with, But this is hip-hop, and them n*ggas should know what time it is, And that goes for Jermaine Cole, Big K.R.I.T., Wale, Pusha T, Meek Millz, A$AP Rocky, Drake,Big Sean, Jay Electron', Tyler, Mac Miller, I got love for you all, but I'm tryna murder you n*ggas! Tryna make sure your core fans never heard of you n*ggas They don't wanna hear not one more noun or verb from you n*ggas.

What is competition? I'm tryna raise the bar high!”

This is important to understand because the craft is still so sought after now by more people than ever. we could never dismiss it because we have grown to love it as a nation just like we love our controversy and sports.

4. Rap is poetry

Teachers refer to Shakespeare in school to understand language. As time passes we find more monumental lyricist like 2pac. Pacs impact on the world went as far as schools quoting and studying his works to teach, like we have before with Shakespeare. Colleges around the world offers entire courses on Tupac Shakur's work today. In this article by Micah Mattix, he talks about how rap is not generally considered poetry because it's grammatically incorrect and it “has to have music behind it”. He goes on to say that rap is less serious than poetry and is more profane. All these things said are entirely false and are refuted in the comments by multiple people defending the poetic craft. Comparing other artist like Beck and Bob Dylan to poetry, writing it out in sonnet form to show that it reflections of poetry. Consider the following words from Beck:

Walking to the other side

With the Devil trying to take my mind

And my soul’s just a silhouette

On the ashes of a cigarette

Illusions never fake their lives

Trick cards fool the eyes

Carry zeros over till they add up

Bury tears in the chapters you shut

Sometimes the jail can’t chain the cell

And the rain’s too plain to tell

All alone by a barren well

Scarecrow’s only scaring himself

Consider the following words from Bob Dylan:

In a little hilltop village, they gambled for my clothes

I bargained for salvation an’ they gave me a lethal dose

I offered up my innocence and got repaid with scorn

“Come in,” she said, “I’ll give you shelter from the storm”

https://www.theamericanconservative.com/prufrock/is-rap-poetry/

5. Rap could never expire because its saved on file

Hip-hop has been influencing pop culture for years. As lingo becomes more socially accepted, the crossover appeal is inevitable for rap to get the recognition it deserves.

In 2000 Lil’ Wayne coined the word “bling bling” to the oxford dictionary, forever validating his permanent mark on the rap game. Then the next year Beyonce added the word “bootylicious” to the dictionary. Although Snoop Dogg was the originator of the word in 1992, destiny's child took the term to the top with the release of their song that still is one of their highest selling hits to date. Unless someone can destroy every single copy of the dictionary physical and digital then maybe they can put an end to this rap thing but unless that happens hip hop will be right here just like revolutions in history textbooks are. https://www.xxlmag.com/news/2016/05/hip-hop-words-in-oxford-english-dictionary/

Rap is an art form and when is put on display its subject to judgment and an interpretation from the side that is appreciative and the side that isn't. Our parents aren't totally wrong about new bad music, but they need to understand hip hop and rap will never die, for it has only began forming major sub genres like rock formed punk, and jazz formed acid. More and more people are becoming involved in the rap culture every day. The culture involves itself within our society more and more everyday . Weather it be politics or social issues, rap ingrains itself into us organically and electronically. The concept is comparable to saying that singing is dying, or comedy is dying, it just doesn't make any sense at all. Hip hop and rap will remain strong in our societies all over the world, continuing to cycle through history as it has since it began. Because rap culture is socially tied to us it creates our history, our texts and our lives. it is a self sufficient competitive art and therefore will forever evolve with new topics, problems, and people. Music is simply a reflection of the high energy human existence. regardless of its spelling, and bold topics, hip hop and rap will remain abrasive to political foul play, acting as a beacon for untapped issues that the genres people will never let it slide by unnoticed.So to all those embittered old hip hop heads that idolized artist they grew up, please understand that you don't understand, change in inevitable and if it wasn't, everything would be the same. Variety is the spice of life my friend, until you understand that, please go find a cave to cry in, But remember, “I ain’t mad atcha”-Tupac Shakure.

#hiphopisnotdead

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trinhhungthin · 4 years

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Recently a newspaper flashed a headline, “Mush most hated man in Pak”. This may surprise the western countries as he had been fighting the “war on terror” since many years and doing everything that is right for Pakistan and the world. Only in 2005, General Pervez Musharraf was rated amongst the top 10 worst dictator of the world by Parade Magazine. He also won the recent presidential election by unprecedented margin. Why his own people hate him so much? After all he did everything for the country Your second reflection paper topic is about terrorism, mass protests, and mass shootings. This is essentially the second half of the semester. The directions for this are the same as the first and risked his life for Pakistan.

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What happened to our government? Why won’t the Congress listen to the people, or uphold its oath of office to defend the Constitution anymore? It almost sounds like our elected officials are conducting a concerted effort to push us into another form of government, foreign to traditional American values and our Constitutional heritage of freedom.

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The last Supreme Court judge to be impeached was “Old Bacon Face,” Samual Chase. In 1805, he was brought up on charges that he treated defendants unfairly based on his political bias. He was eventually acquitted. Of particular note is that Chase’s impeachment set the benchmark for several judicial boundaries. Most notably, it set the “gold standard” that Supreme Court justices are required to abstain from partisan politics. And let’s be perfectly clear: Religious intrusion into the law of the land is a partisan political matter. Just ask Rick Perry.

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ulrichfoester · 5 years

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Mental Health and Gun Violence in Young Men

Sadly, the names of recent mass murderers have become a list so long that it is hard to recall those from even just a year ago. When attempting to plot the locations of each horrendous mass execution on a US map, it becomes clear that the problem has taken on epidemic proportions. Americans are murdering each other at an alarming rate, and the majority of the murders happen to be white young men.

When considering gun violence in young men we are left grasping to find the reasons why. Why would a young adult male, just as he is entering adulthood, chose to perpetrate just a heinous crime? What could possibly be the motive behind the exploding rates of gun violence in young men?

Theories abound. The young adult men are disenfranchised. They suffer from mental illness. They were bullied. They identified as white nationalist. They discriminated against transgender individuals. They had a history of treatment with a psychotropic drug. They had anger issues. They played violent video games. The list of potential motivations continued to grow unabated. As we struggle to make sense of these violent acts, one thing has become clear, that something is very wrong with our young men.

Let’s explore these issues, one by one.

Feeling disenfranchised. One of the common threads that seem to run through the profiles of each mass shooter is the appearance of being unpopular; they felt disempowered or disenfranchised among their peers. These feelings may have been articulated by the shooter himself through a written letter or social media post, or conveyed by former classmates or acquaintances in interviews after the fact. The young men may have been lonely with few social interactions outside of social media, where they would find others who could relate to their misery. Many of these individuals were considered outcasts in school, asocial, or just odd.

They had mental illness. It is difficult to challenge the assumption that the gun violence in young men is fueled by mental illness. After all, who in their right mind would make such a plan and then carry it out? It would seem that only someone who is mentally disturbed would ever go through with a mass shooting of innocent civilians. In fact, the profiles that emerge of many of the young shooters indeed points to emotional instability, whether that is a diagnosable mental health disorder remains unclear. Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a lack of empathy, social isolation, lack of regard for right and wrong, poor relationship skills, and unnecessary risk-taking or dangerous behavior with no regard for the rights or safety of others.

They were bullied. Being bullied is a very real problem for many young people of both genders; a phenomenon perpetuated now even more through the use of social media shaming. Being rejected by one’s peers can lead to an increase in depression or anxiety, as well as aggression, possibly as an outlet for the pain experienced due to the bullying. With school shootings in particular, lashing out in a violent act may be a matter of attempting to get even with classmates who had ostracized them.

They identify as white nationalist. A disturbing trend seems to be developing world wide, as a growing number of mass shooters identify with nationalist motivations or as white nationalists. Whether it is an Islamic radical perpetrating an act of horror in France, Yemen, Germany, or here in the US, or a domestic assault that is backed by a screed or manifesto outlining radical white supremacist views, it seems these individuals gather momentum and inspiration from like-minded people on such fringe online forums as 8chan. The shooter of the most recent massacre in El Paso, Texas apparently associated with fellow nationalists on this site.

They discriminate against transgender community. The Orlando mass shooting in 2016, in which 100 individuals in a gay nightclub were mown down by gunfire, including 49 deaths, is just one example of the anti-gay sentiment sometimes expressed by mass shooters. In fact, the Dayton, Ohio shooter murdered his sister, who identified as a male. A young black man, age 18, allegedly targeted gay men and a transgender woman in his shooting spree this May. Gender discrimination is just another offshoot of the general category of hate crimes that are sometimes at the root of the motivation to murder others.

Psychotropic drugs. One theory posited in recent years as a common denominator in the gun violence in young men involves a history of prescription psychotropic drug therapy. The use of psychiatric medications in childhood is being clinically studied on an ongoing basis to determine long-term effects. Adam Lanza, the 2013 Sandy Hook shooter, had reportedly recently stopped his medications, and the Columbine shooters, Klebold and Harris, also had a history of psych meds. While not established by the scientific community that psychotropic medications may cause violent tendencies, it has been established that antidepressants can induce suicidal thoughts in teens and young adults, and many of these young shooters do wind up committing suicide.

They have anger issues. In the case of Connor Betts, the Dayton shooter, he had a history of using violent, harsh rhetoric regarding fellow classmates, including outlining a “rape list” for certain girls and a “kill list for boys. Domestic violence, another outlet for rage, is also implicated in the mass shooter’s profiles. The shooter at the church in Texas, 26 year-old Devin Kelley, had a history of domestic abuse. Misogyny, or the hatred of women, is yet another form of anger that can play a part in mass shootings.

They play violent video games. Increasingly, experts studying mass shootings are looking at the possible effects of violent video games on psychological health. The “first person shooter,” or FPS genre of games feature the player as a marauding murderer, although often under the guise of a military hero or vigilante style anti-hero. It is concerning that kids who spend hours each week playing such games might become desensitized to violence, or may even begin to adapt the mindset of the characters they play in these games. However, the connection is most likely not causal, but may be a matter of an antisocial kid being drawn to these games, which might later spark the motivation to live out their frustrations or emotional issues through violence.

How to Identify Mental Health Disorders in Young Men

While the public grasps for possible explanations that might shed light on the root cause of the spike of gun violence in young men, a growing awareness about mental health is the takeaway. Regardless of the specific motivator for violence, it is becoming increasingly clear that depression, anxiety, and mood disorders may be on the rise.

No matter the gender, it is important to get help for a teen that exhibits signs of mental distress sooner rather than later. Early intervention is always better in the long run. So, how does a parent or teacher know when a young person is at risk? What are the red flags of an impending mental health crisis?

Signs of Depression:

Loss of interest in usual activities or hobbies

Feelings of sadness, despair, hopelessness

Fatigue

Sleep problems

Sudden weight loss or weight gain

Slowed movements

Difficulty concentrating or remember things

Irritability

Inappropriate feelings of guilt or worthlessness

Suicidal thoughts

Signs of Anxiety Disorder:

Excessive worry or fear out of proportion to the situation

Mood swings

Pronounced irritability

Trembling, shaking

Chest pain

Sweating

Shallow breathing

Increased heart rate

Insomnia

Signs of Bipolar disorder:

Extreme mood shifts between mania and depression

Irritability

Impulsivity

Engaging in high-risk behaviors

Hypersexuality

Substance abuse

Signs of Antisocial Personality Disorder:

Lack of empathy

Irritability

Aggressive or violent behavior

Manipulative behaviors

Lack of remorse when causing harm to others

Disregard for rules or authority

Impulsivity

Signs of a Psychiatric Emergency

When symptoms of a mental health disorder deteriorate further, causing an escalation in severity, it is essential that a mental health provider, usually in a hospital or residential mental health care center, thoroughly evaluate the individual. A psychiatric emergency has developed with the individual risks causing harm to themselves or others. A hospital setting is best for acute stabilization of a psychiatric emergency.

Signs of a psychiatric emergency include:

Serious impairment in daily functioning

Social withdrawal, isolation

Serious interpersonal problems develop

Acting out, disruptive behaviors

Neglect of personal hygiene

Self-harming behaviors when serious bodily harm results

Violent behavior towards others

Suicidal threats or attempts

Residential mental health programs are an appropriate setting for individuals whose mental health has declined to the point where they may engage in aggressive or violent acts if left unsupervised. A residential setting provides constant monitoring and support, as well as more intensive, customized care.

When a parent, coworker, teacher, or friend recognizes the red flag warnings of an impending mental health crisis, it is imperative to get the individual the care they need before it results in a tragedy, such as a mass shooting.

The Treatment Specialist Offers Information and Guidance for Mental Health Disorders

An online resource, such as The Treatment Specialist, is valuable when someone is in need of speedy information regarding unusual signs of mental distress. The specialists are knowledgeable and experienced in the mental health field and can offer timely information and assistance at no charge. This digital catalogue of mental health disorders, substance use disorders, and dual diagnosis can help guide someone toward the appropriate source of help. Call The Treatment Specialist today at (866) 644-7911.

The post Mental Health and Gun Violence in Young Men appeared first on The Treatment Specialist.

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trendingnewsb · 6 years

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Sympathy for the Incel

If you want to know why young men are broken, ask them.

There is a cultural crisis emboldening the misogyny and violence of the little-known incel movement (an abbreviation for the self-professed involuntary celibate community of men) and which has now been tied to three mass murders: Elliot Rodger, Chris Harper-Mercer and, this week, the alleged Toronto killer Alek Minassian, who is accused of killing 10 and injuring 15 people in one of the most horrific acts of mass violence in Canada in years.

One after another, media outlets are seeking to understand how this could happen while raising the question of how we got here. The Internet is enabling a community of men who want to kill women, read the headline in The Verge. Can the radicalization of incels be stopped? asked the Globe and Mail. But one headline stood out, from The National Post: What should we do about the incels? Maybe help them. Shouting about what horrible women-hating losers they are (which they may be) is not going to prevent one of them from murdering again.

This, in particular, is the question Im concerned with, and why I am attempting to find whatever empathy or compassion might be possible for the disconnected young men flocking to the movement and who might be at a crossroads. One young man stood out in the countless hours I spent listening to podcasts, videos and chat room conversations within the incel community which I have been following for months now: 19-year-old Jack Peterson, a socially awkward Chicagoan who after hours of interviews agreed to reveal his real identity for the first time to The Daily Beast.

To be clear, Peterson initially did not want to do any media regarding the group, particularly a profile on what the makings of an incel look like, but after considering my appeal that perhaps others might want to reach out if they could have a better understanding, he agreed.

Born Kalerthon Demetro in the suburbs of Chicago, Peterson (his mothers last name) is a high school dropout who lives with his single mother and whose father left when he was two years old. Peripherally involved in the online incel community for years, Petersons first reaction to the Toronto horror was to record a podcast specifically condemning violence and misogyny and underscoring that for the majority of participants, this is not their reality. For him and many like him, he says, the incel community is a means of supporting one another in a world when it sometimes feels like there is no one else.

To listen to the teenager speak, he does not seem psychopathic. He does not seem like he endorses psychopathy. On the contrary, he seems shy and awkward and lonely and angry. He laughs when other incels make dark jokes about killers, but he does not make them himself. He gets it. They are blowing off steam.

Being an incel is not about violence or misogyny, repeats Peterson, who is the only incel who has been on television doing interviews in recent days since the alleged Toronto killer pointed a finger at the incel movement in a cryptic post on Facebook confirmed earlier this week. Yes, for some guys it is, but not for me. Not for many of us.

The challenge in covering the incel movement is that in many cases the cherry-picked and sensationalist coverage reinforces these mens persecution complexes and drives them further into a pit of rage-fueled nihilism. Attempting to find any kind of compassion is in no way to excuse or normalize the deranged among them. On the other hand, it is to see what options we have left in reaching them at all.

In the groundbreaking book Change or Die, author Alan Deutschman writes, [The sense of self is threatened by any major change in the deep-rooted patterns of how we think, feel, and act, even a tremendously positive change such as leaving behind a life of crime and addiction. A change in progress demands new explanations for a past thats now cast in a darker light.

Essentially, reaching someone entrenched within a near-fanatical belief system is often impossible because the ego will put up a fight to the death in order to not deal with the psychic pain of feeling that everything that has been done up until this point has been done wrong. But it is possible.

In Deutschmans book, spanning extensive research on changing past negative behavior to future positive actions, one case study of a parole officer illuminates how he found the most success in reaching the seemingly unreachable. By realizing that the real reason why people dont change is demoralizationthe overwhelming sense of hopelessness and power he applied the theory that the most he could do is to inspire a new sense of hope and power. Indeed, this officer invited 14 of the most argumentative ex-convicts and spent 90-minute sessions listening to them rather than telling them what to do. The response was extraordinary. The parole officer recounted: In one and a half hours they calmed down. They said, These guys arent against us. Now they come back every week and say, At least Im being listened to. In the last year the difference has been huge. They want to make a change.

In speaking to Peterson on the phone, while a journalist is about as a far away from a parole officer as you can get, its amazing the difference that occurs when I listen to what he has to say about the reality of incel culture versus how he sees the media portraying its members.

In his view, as despicable and morally unfathomable as the psychopathic fringe is, the reality of the wider membership estimated in the tens of thousands of active members is far more complex.

The way Peterson tells itand as is supported by his digital footprint of videos, podcasts and commentsfor him and many others, to be an incel is to seek the camaraderie of a group of male peers who provide an outlet where, for once, they can honestly talk about the increasing fragmentation, disconnection, alienation and ostracization they feel in an always-online world in which, as far as they can see, they are not welcome or wanted.

Peterson compared the mischaracterization of incels to the xenophobic broad brush that takes a minority of radicalized Islamic suicide-bombers and uses it to condemn the vast majority of Muslims. Instead, he said, there is an acceptance that there is a vile minority who distorts the vision of the communitybut that it is not his vision for the group.

Like many in the incel community, Peterson essentially grew up without a strong father figure.

His mother kicked his father out because, in Petersons words, he used to beat the shit out of my mother and she got a restraining order. His father was the same age that he is now when he got his 39-year-old mother pregnant, and hes never met him, but they have spoken on the phone a few times.

I dont really have any feelings about him, Peterson says. He just kind of is.

From an early age, Peterson felt a level of social anxiety that was bearable but distinct. His kindergarten teacher asked him why he did not play with the others. He said, I dont know how.

Things started to change around the third or fourth grade. It was the first time the girls started making fun of him, he says, saying he was creepy and gross and weird.

I didnt understand it, he says. I was told either to act like a man or that girls could do no wrong. And yet I was constantly told that men were the cruel, bad ones. None of it made any sense to me. I was just extremely shy. I didnt talk to them, but the teasing was relentless and made me want to kill myself.

In the seventh grade, Peterson transferred to three different middle schools all in one year as the bullying followed him everywhere. By the time he reached high school, he says, one young woman started taking photos of him and sharing them with other girls who openly laughed in his face about how ugly he was and why they did not want him near them. He did not finish his freshman year at the Chicago Academy for the Arts, but dropped out after the first semester. His mother never knew the extent of the bullying he experienced.

I was just ashamed, he says. How do you talk about that?

The profoundly formative pain of youthful bullying has been around forever. When a classmate taunts you and proclaims your worthlessness to all your peers, if you are a kid, the humiliation of such an experience doesnt feel like its happening in a classroomit can feel like a worldwide-televised death sentence.

Very few kids on the receiving end of the cruelty know how to deal with itbecause of a lack of life experience that is just as undeveloped as their pubescent brains.

But for a kid growing up today, the tool of the Internet levels the game. No longer do you wonder, Will anyone ever love me? Now you can Google it, and find secret places and communities and bodies of knowledge that your parents dont even know exist. This can be exciting, emboldening, a total game-changer.

I remember the first time I found a site that even mentioned the word incel, I was like, Woah, these guys are outcasts, too, he says. I kind of felt like, maybe Im not alone.

At the age of 11, Peterson visited 4chan for the first time, and he saw his rage and loneliness expressed as well as the impotence of such advice as just get over it. He didnt know how to. He didnt have anyone to ask. He just didnt want any more ridicule.

It was kind of crazy to see and read a lot of the stuff I did, Peterson says. But it was also the only place where other guys talked about some of the things I was experiencing. Feeling so alone and rejected by the people around you. I was extremely shy then, and still kind of am, but it makes you feel really fucked up to be told youre a creepy loser by a pretty popular girl when youre just sitting there, saying nothing, doing nothing, wishing you were invisible but instead being the quiet freak with the cystic acne all over his face.

He also received an indoctrination into the culture of these young men who accepted him and what they found acceptableand what he would need to as well if he were to finally fit in somewhere.

To understand the increasingly irony-rich language of the users, its essential to read Angela Nagles book Kill All Normies, which exquisitely captures the critical shift in online perspective and the death of what remained of a mass culture sensibility that happened at exactly the same time Peterson began actively engaging with it.

In her brilliant book documenting the culture wars of the extreme left and the extreme right in recent years, focusing on subcultures including 4chan and incels, Nagle describes the attitude rebellion on the site against the sentimentality and absurd priorities of Western liberal performative politics and the online mass hysteria that often characterized it.

Peterson is one of the best representations of exactly how these culture wars are shaping our young mens identities.

When everything is ironic, nothing is. So they mock it. All of it.

Theres this big hypocrisy in the fact that so many people who say they are all about human rights and empowerment think its actually funny when boys get mocked, he says. I never said a single misogynistic thing growing up. And I was punished. Just because I was weird. I couldnt help it. I honestly wanted to die.

On the contrary, the incel communities he found online seemed different.

When I dropped out of high school, the one place I felt okay about stuff for a little while was when I was online, Peterson tells me. By the time I discovered the incel culture on Reddit, it felt like, Okay, Im not insane. I was reading all these other guys stories about how girls told them they were repulsive. I never identified with the misogyny, but I did identify with the rage at the hypocrisy of just how untouchable women were in society. No matter what, no matter what awful thing a woman did, it was always supposed to be like, Oh yeah, thats female empowerment. But when you have no friends and are getting bullied and humiliated by women constantly and are told to both man up and renounce your masculinity its like the one bright light you see is this community.

By the time he was 16, Peterson finally met in person a young womanfour years older than himwith whom he had been chatting online since he was 12 years old. She did not know what he looked like for some time, and when he finally shared his picture, she told him that she didnt find him attractive. He lost his virginity to her, after which he says she ridiculed his penis size and laughed at him. Later, she sent him copies of messages that she had sent on to other men she was cheating on him with where she explicitly described the sex acts she wanted done to her. (Ive seen corroborating evidence of all of this.)

I was literally cucked, Peterson says. That word doesnt have any meaning anymore, but thats what I was. I still wanted to see her though. She was the only girl who had ever expressed interest in me, even though she tore me down and told me how ugly I was. It was still better than nothing.

According to Peterson, the relationship finally disintegrated when she began choking him and tried to go after him in her car. He ran to a nearby store to get help, and has the actual footage of the security cam showing him flailing against the glass window. The police came, and to cover for the girl, he said that he was suicidal. He spent three days in a mental institution because of it.

This was a turning point for Peterson.

He finally aligned himself fully as an incel. He was, in the words of Internet argot, black-pilled.

Anyone who has dabbled in understanding Internet lingo is likely familiar with the term red-pilled (inspired by the film The Matrix, where Neo is offered a blue pill where everything stays status quo or a red pill where the ugly truth is supposedly exposed). Adopted by mens rights activists around 2004, to get red-pilled is to subscribe to the particular ideology that feminism is a cancer and men are the real victims. But what does it mean to get black-pilled, as many refer to this communitys belief system? It sounds as bleak as it is.

Essentially, the philosophy is that everything is broken and the answer lies in refusing to engage in a meaningful or constructive way with society. (The phrase black pill first appeared in 2012 on a blog called Omega Virgin Revolt.) A critical part of being black-pilled is recognizing, with zero sentimentality or euphemism or explaining away, that women do not like genetically inferior men. They now have infinite options in the form of men who are higher status (be it, economic, physical, or intellectual) because of the breakdown in societal monogamy and now high-status men can game apps and use hypergamy (or dating up) to their advantage. (Meaning, a less attractive woman will nowadays reject a less attractive male if she is suddenly able to have meaningless sex with a high status man, who can juggle multiple women. This leaves men who are not as good-looking in the dust.)

Incels theorize that once you are black-pilled, you are finally given the gift of brutally honest Darwinian truth that, essentially, the game is rigged, so why bother? With such entrenchment in the truth of the doctrine comes freedom. No longer do you have to run around in circles. You can accept the world for what it is and settle back into your status on the lower rungs.

If you are red-pilled, you might take this theory of female behavior to use it in manipulative pick-up strategies to try to game women into thinking you are higher status or to find the weakest prey.

If you are an incel and have never had a single successful romantic attempt or only disastrous ones, this type of theorizing provides that wonderful feeling of certainty that comes with confirmation bias and the emancipation from regret of knowing that nothing could have been done anyway. Which is why many incels describe being black-pilled as an awakening from humiliation. Like finally realizing that you have been the subject of a joke that everyone else has been in on the whole time.

For a young man like Peterson, spouting such beliefs, he seems not so much a product of toxic masculinity as a failure of masculinity itself.

No one is teaching these men how to be men. This doesnt mean men in the sense of mens rights activists, but a healthy, balanced (not extremist) definition which includes someone who treats women well but also treats himself well by not being afraid to think for himself with opinions that deviate from the loudest, most hateful elements in the community.

But isnt the worst parts of the incel community hate speech? And shouldnt such hate speech be eradicated?

In Nadine Strossens timely new book Hate, she makes the case for countering bad speech with more speech, and illustrates how in countries where hate speech speech laws have been enacted, support for racist and xenophobic politicians has risen. In Europe, hate speech laws have in fact been used as a means of stifling dissent amongst the disenfranchised.

Equal justice for all depends on full freedom of speech for all, she writes.

Not only that, but as Keith Whittington argues in his new book Speak Freely, offensive speech is crucial to safeguard because of its utility in generating, testing, and communicating ideas.

One of the most brilliant defenses of the subject is Jonathan Rauchs 2013 essay, The Case for Hate Speech in The Atlantic, where he thanks the loudest and most noxious voices he faced along the way in his fight for gay marriage. [W]e won in the realm of ideas, he writes. And our antagonists–people who spouted speech we believed was deeply offensive, from Anita Bryant to Jerry Falwell to, yes, Orson Scott Card–helped us win.

For the incel community, of course, many of the ideas espoused are in defense of their identity as the losers of society, which frees them of the need to take personal responsibility.

I think thats a valid criticism, Peterson says. I get sick of the guys who seem like they just want to keep others down no matter what. Its almost like you are scorned when you experience a little bit of success.

The podcast Peterson recorded after the Toronto attack represents the incel community as not seeming as extreme as a cursory visit to the incel-tracking site We Hunted the Mammoth or the incel-mocking community Incel Tears might lead you to believe. On these sites, in the communitys most chilling screengrabs, posts include suggestions that in order to truly terrorize the women who have rejected incels over the years, perhaps mass acid attacks and rapes could be coordinated in order to inflict the same damage upon women that these young men feel has happened to them.

In contrast, Petersons podcast discussion contains an unusual degree of literacy about sociological phenomena, including the Japanese trend of hikikomori, or isolationism and utter retreat occurring with young men, which many incels predict will spread around the world in due time.

But at its core, it is still a conversation littered with misogyny and resentment.

At one point, someone says that women use men like emotional tampons. Another brings up the possibility of mandated girlfriends (or state-sanctioned rape, as shown on the new season of The Handmaids Tale). A joke is made that the best-case scenario is when incels go ER (or Elliot Rodger). There is discussion about the evolutionary benefits of sexual violence, which harkens Rodgers infamously deranged advocacy of a program where men could kill all women because if women were able to choose their own mates, their inferior brains would devolve humanity completely. Someone laughs about the idea of blackmailing women into having sex with them by threatening to post nude photos online. Peterson himself brings up the idea of access to assisted suicide for incels to prevent future attacks, and he suggests that talking to those who wonder about incel culture might help with improving our image, especially if you attach a face to the incel phenomenon, I think that that makes it more sympathetic.

Peterson clarifies to me: He was not suggesting it be him.

I meant someone else, but then it turned out, I guess I was the only person dumb enough to show my face in videos I made online, he says. So here we are.

When I ask him about the references in the podcast to Rodger, he responds, That guy was fucking nuts. I dont really joke about going ER, but I dont tell the guys who make those jokes not to do it because I know theyre being sarcastic. All this shocking stuff is often just the guys trolling. I would argue that I dont think anybody is going to be stupid enough to believe that sanctioned rape is being talked about as an actual suggestion. Sometimes the most ridiculous shit makes me laugh, even though I dont condone it. So if I do laugh at some of this stuff its probably me laughing at something because its fucking stupid.

The psychopaths are the problem, not the incels, he says.

If someone is going to carry out an attack like this theyre gonna have to be severely mentally ill to be capable of that, he says. Making jokes or being active in the incel community doesnt cause it. Being mentally ill does.

But what about when jokes arent just jokes?

I mention how last year when the Nazi website The Daily Stormers guidebook was leaked online, it contained the message: The unindoctrinated should not be able to tell if we are joking or not. So what about when such humor is actually a means of subversive propaganda?

I can see that, Peterson acknowledges. I mean, Ive had guys tell me some really fucked-up shit, and Ive told them, you know, get some help because I dont want you to hurt anyone. But I do think that making dark jokes for people who arent mentally ill helps keep a lot of us from going crazy.

And how exactly does he feel about the disparagement of women in saying that they use men as emotional tampons? Men do the same fucking thing, Peterson says. Thats not a one-sided thing. Men can use women emotionally, too.

And what of the suicide idea?

What it really comes down to is that Id rather these mass shooters and attackers just kill themselves than kill 10 or more innocent people. So maybe if it was easier to commit suicide wed see less of these attacks. Im not condoning suicide but I prefer that to innocent people dying.

On the incels.me forum, a stated list of rules for participation include guidelines that are stricter than most elite private clubs in America.

No women allowed. No exception.

Yes, this means that a forum dedicated to decrying success with women has as one of its primary rules a focus on enforced isolation. Other rules also brutally shut out any chance to provide advice or mentorship to other young men.

A few months ago, when Peterson was using the forum, he suddenly found that he was banned from having certain privileges in the chatrooms. Even the incels, it seemed, were rejecting him.

In response, he filmed and put on his YouTube one of the most astonishing, hyper-granular deconstructions of modern Internet life Ive ever seen.

It is bizarro land for anyone not deep in the world of Internet language.

To create the video, he spent three days nonstop (two days spent up for 24 hours straight in between passing out) to create a meticulous 30-minute PowerPoint video that he filmed objecting to the ban and making his case that he in fact was a genuine incel using a barrage of evidence and minutiae and dictionary definitions and failures of logic to try to break down the bullying he felt he experienced on the forum.

And, if you want to get brutal about the absurdity of the exercise (and the insanity such subcultures can create amongst its members), to prove exactly why he was just as reprehensible to society as the rest of the incels.

It was pretty ridiculous, he says in retrospect. Its like American Vandal, Netflixs mockumentary on super-deep-dive crime docs, except with the heartbreaking element of seeing how brainwashed a young man is into trying to obtain peer approval.

At one point in the video, he even includes a diagnosis that he is paranoid schizophrenic as evidence that he ought to qualify as an incel because of this mental illness. The reality is that after he was given that diagnosis, another psychologist said he was not. Instead, the doctor told him (and is evidenced in the video), he was making himself sick with his own thoughts.

All of this humiliation is laid out for his fellow community of incels to seeand all of it to get back into good standing in the incel community. Thats how bad isolated young men want status and the reassurance of having a community to call their own. Even when the group identity is in how perversely low and entrenched their status really is.

Is it any wonder that these boys need a father figure?

Canadian psychologist Jordan Peterson (no relation to Jack) has been known to be moved to tears in interviews when discussing the crisis of alienation he sees amongst young men today and the need to provide them with tools that will reach them.

As he told Tim Lott of The Spectator late last year about his 90 percent male audience, Im telling them something they desperately need to hearthat there are important things that need to be fixed up. Im saying, You guys really need to get your act together and you need to bear some responsibility and grow the hell up. The lack of an identifiable and compelling path forward and the denialism these kids are being fed on a daily basis is undoubtedly destroying them and that is especially true of the young men.

Lott then observes the author of The 12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos displaying a level of vulnerability on the subject that is striking.

At this point, to my astonishment, Peterson begins to weep. He talks through his tears for the next several minutes. Every time I talk about this, it breaks me up, he says. The message Ive been delivering is, Find the heaviest weight you can and pick it up. And that will make you strong. Youre not who you could be. And who you could be is worthwhile.

As psychologist William Pollack articulates in the documentary The Mask You Live In about the boy code that warps masculinity from an early age: The way that boys are brought up makes them hide all of their natural, vulnerable, empathic feelings behind a mask of masculinity When theyre most in pain, they cant reach out and ask for help because theyre not allowed to or they wont be a real boy.

In fact, boys express depression in a completely opposite way than girls. They act out. But most people see it as a conduct disorder or just a bad kid.

After the Parkland high school shooting in March, one of the foremost activists in trying to address the crisis of reaching out to troubled young men before they become killers met with President Donald Trump to say his piece. Every single one of these school shootings has been from young men who are disconnected, said Darrell Scott, the father of the first student murdered at Columbine High School almost 20 years ago. In response, he founded Rachels Challenge to intervene with action rather than yet another toothless spectacle of condemnation of the empirically condemnable violence itself.

In a tweet rant posted during this same time by Martin Daubney, the editor of the English lad magazine Loaded, he articulated a similarly jarring portrait of collective angst from young men who feel callously tossed aside and branded as innately wrong, which only serves to compound the sense of victimization even further.

Im mindful of a seminal TEDTalk by Warren Farrell, author of The Boy Crisis, Daubney wrote. He looks at school shootings, and says: Boys who hurt, hurt us…They say todays boys feel part of some grand problem. You could frame it as #ToxicMasculinity: the notion that all males are to blame for the actions of a minority of damaged individuals. This is identity politics at its most destructive. Because we live in a world where every male indiscretion is used to attack all males. Im saying this: many boys are switching off. Were losing them.

How does an incel feel about all of this concernextended within the realm of ideas and intellectualism?

Itd be nice, Jack Peterson says, if he just had someone else to talk to about it.

I like Jordan Peterson a lot, he admits in a tone that sounds more upbeat than the rest of our conversation. I was going to go see him with another incel but that guy ended up not being able to go. But I bought a VIP ticket so I get to meet him next week.

In the wake of the Toronto attack, Peterson is unique in that unlike many in the incel community who have scrubbed their social or taken down their WordPress blogs that chronicled their life, he decided to see what happened when he went on TV to talk about his life in this widely reviled community now most associated with mass murder.

The decision to do so was gutsy. Especially considering the against-the-agenda talking points he is now presenting in condemning misogyny and violence.

The reaction he has received from other incels has been negative. And the public certainly doesnt like anyone who might be an incel.

Its an unwinnable place to be for someone who might still have a chance of climbing out of the twisted, self-fulfilling prophecy gutter that such dangerous places can become for young men who dont think they have anywhere else to go.

But Peterson doesnt regret doing the media and putting his face out there.

Instead, he speaks with an inverse of the perverted sadism of the Toronto attacker. It is a nihilism of potential that is in stark contrast to the nihilism of murderous revenge.

As he describes the decision, you can almost hear an epiphany clicking: When you dont care when you have nothing else to lose, it can be used for good or evil.

I dont know why I said yes to identifying myself as an incel, he says, mulling it over. I just felt like, you know What do I have to lose?

Of course, within the incel community itself, the answer is clear.

He could very well lose his status as an incel.

They called him all the predictable names. He was a cuck. He was a status-seeker. He was an opportunist. He was a number of slurs that are not fit to print. But for an incel, the worst insult he received of all was that he was a fake.

And, this being incel-world, the name he was called was targeted and precise.

You see, for incels, each man within the community self-identifies with how they qualify for their incel status. For instance, mentalcels achieve their status as a result of mental illness. A braincel is that way because of intelligence. A truecel has never had sex, a relationship, any kind of success at all.

Thus Peterson was called a fakecel. No, Peterson says, thats wrong. He definitely still is an incel. He is a part of the group. Where then does he now belong?

Peterson is quiet as he considers the answer.

I think something where I can help people, he says. I like talking about the positive stuff more, even if its frowned upon.

He considers a while longer.

I dont know, he considers, maybe Im a hopecel.

Read more: https://www.thedailybeast.com/sympathy-for-the-incel

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ellenlucasonlinedatingblog · 6 years

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Enough with "Alleged" and Other Weasel Words

Living in 2017 means waking up to new reports about sexual assault and harassment committed by men in power on a near-daily basis. It’s amazing to see so many people coming forward to speak about what’s happened to them. It’s heartening that the response is often very supportive. We’re apparently (finally) ready to start having a serious conversation about these abuses.

But it also has me thinking a lot of thoughts about rape culture; not just as a person who thinks rape culture is awful, but as a journalist who reports on these issues. The media can be a double-edged sword. At times it brings the unseen to light and forces us to confront it, but at other times, it reinforces harmful social attitudes and norms. Sometimes that reinforcement is completely unconscious.

*Why do I say survivor/victim? Lots of people have different ways for thinking about sexual assault, and those frameworks help them explore what happened to them and how it interacts with society. Some people prefer to identify as victims, but other people prefer to say “survivor,” so I acknowledge both.

You can probably think of some examples of reporting on crime that blame the victim, whether it’s stories about rapes that mention what the survivor/victim* was wearing, murders where someone’s history as a sex worker is brought up, or mentions of someone’s perceived attractiveness in an article about a horrible violation that person experienced. Rape, sexual harassment, and violence are about power and control, not sex, but sensationalized reporting on these issues can definitely suggest otherwise.

There’s another, more basic way in which the media perpetuates rape culture. You’ll probably spot it if you check out the front page of a newspaper or the landing page of a major news organization. It’s in the headlines you skim every day.

How many times have you seen something like this?

Teacher Had Sex with Schoolgirl, Victim Alleges

Accusations from Alleged Victims Mount Against Prominent Man

Woman Claims Comedian Made Explicit Sexual Remarks Backstage

Actor Claims He Was ‘Raped’ By Director in 1988

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Had sex with — that very phrasing takes rape and sexual assault out of the picture, because they “had sex.” Alleged. Accused. Claims.

We call these “weasel words” or “hedges,” language that softens the content of a headline. In nations with very strict libel laws, like the UK, people say this is necessary to protect publications from lawsuits. In other countries, it may be spun as giving someone a fair say, for being stained with such a sensitive, awful crime could be damaging to someone’s reputation.

For a number of years, I spent a lot of time painstakingly explaining this to people.

“You see,” I would say, patronizingly, “the case hasn’t actually gone to trial, so they can’t call him a rapist.” Or: “We say ‘had sex with’ because the teacher hasn’t been convicted of rape, I know, it’s clumsy, but what are you going to do?”

I did it because that was what editors told me every time they wrote a headline (fun fact: most journalists do not write our own headlines) or tweaked the phrasing in an article. I did it because that was what I was taught, and in the United States, where “innocent until proved guilty” is a national refrain (even though it’s only a standard we usually hold for white dudes with power), it felt “wrong” to do otherwise. It was repeated over and over again: Don’t condemn some poor innocent man to harassment or lost opportunities by describing him as a rapist without a conviction. So he’d become an “alleged” rapist, and his victim/survivor would be making a “claim,” and sexual assault turned into “had sex with.”

Because that’s how you do it, right?

But here’s the thing: Journalism is about accuracy, and my stance on this issue shifted radically the longer I worked in the field, and the longer I interacted with and came to better understand rape culture. It is possible to accurately report on sexual harassment and assault without using weasel words that cloud meaning or suggest victims are liars. The logic behind language like “alleged,” “accused,” and “claimed” is that they indicate that someone said another person committed a crime, but the matter hasn’t gone to trial, so we can’t say for sure.

There was another word in the last sentence there that people are strangely reluctant to use: “Said.” Which is a pretty value-neutral way of describing a situation. You’re reporting on what an actual human literally said. The article will provide more detail on what was said and the status of any investigation into what the person said.

What’s the difference between: “Student says she was raped by three classmates on field trip” and “Student alleges she was raped by three classmates on field trip”? Is it splitting hairs? I don’t think so.

Both headlines are accurate, but one centers the voice of the student, and one distances the student from the reporting and introduces a note of doubt. There’s nothing libel-inducing in “student says,” as it’s reporting the truth: The student said she was raped.

When it becomes “alleged” or “claims,” it sounds like maybe we don’t believe the student. It casts doubt on whether a crime occurred at all, let alone who might have committed it. It tells victims and survivors who speak out that they can’t be taken at their word. With a long history of treating people who report rape like liars, language that subtly casts doubt on what a person says also sets someone up for disbelief, harassment, and abuse. This kind of language establishes doubt as the status quo, rather than belief, and support.

At Deadspin, Diana Moskovitz recently made the case against “allegedly,” noting that crime reporting — which is what this is, sexual assault and harassment are crimes — is built around doubt, and when nothing is certain, you have to pick through your words carefully and consider their power. But, Moskovitz notes, journalists have biases, and these come through in their work as well as in the systemic patterns and norms of the industry – like the norm that says you have to put scare quotes around “rape” in a headline or stress that someone made an “accusation.”

Reporters treat each source differently based on how credible they think they are, or just how much power that person has to make the lives of reporters miserable if they make an error. So while the women speaking out against Weinstein are accusers who allege allegations, the district attorney who refused to prosecute Weinstein has his words treated as facts, like in this NBC New York headline.

Try it sometime: Skim over some articles and headlines and see how media organizations attribute the sources of information.

High profile people, major organizations, people in power, and official spokespeople are often given the benefit of a “said”: “The company said the data breach only affected a small number of customers.” “The actor’s representative said it was a consensual sexual relationship.” Weasel words start to show up when a journalist deliberately wants to cast doubt on a subject, often serving as a wink or a sly nod to the reader: “A White House spokesperson claimed the statement was taken out of context.”

Casting doubt on rape victims/survivors is so normalized that weasel words are built into how the media talks about their cases.

Think about it when you talk with friends: When you say: “my friend said polls closed early,” the implication is often “this is legit info.” What about when your friend “claims,” though. How does your interpretation of that statement change? Does it become “well, maybe the polls closed early, but maybe not, we really need more information to be sure”? Think about how these words are sometimes used as jokes and in sarcasm: “Allegedly she was going to finish her homework” or “she claims her dog ate her homework.”

We’re all tangled up in rape culture together here, which is why our choice of words and how we wield language matters. Why, as Moskovitz says, should people in power be given endless benefit of the doubt and a gentle treatment in the media, while the powerless who are speaking out are undermined in the headlines? How do you use language like “claim,” “allege,” “accuse,” and “said”?

Words mean things.

If you’ve been struck by the growing number of people speaking out, ask yourself how you can use your words as resistance. Maybe for you that’s: correcting people who use weasel words; writing letters to the paper when it employs them in headlines; encouraging friends to reframe the way they talk about sexual assault; leading a teach-in on more mindful phrasing; doing a find and replace in your essays and other writing for weasel words; and considering that the way people use language may tell you something about them.

For extra credit, think about flipping this language on its head to underscore how absurd it is: Try using weasel words to describe information that is clearly factually correct, and also pretty minor in the grand scheme of things, and see how people react. (“She claimed it rained yesterday.” “They allege they had a peanut butter sandwich for lunch.”)

And when someone approaches you to say they’ve been sexually assaulted? Say: “I believe you” and “what can I do to support you?”

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