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ausetkmt · 5 months

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The Slave Experience of the Holidays

American slaves experienced the Christmas holidays in many different ways. Joy, hope, and celebration were naturally a part of the season for many. For other slaves, these holidays conjured up visions of freedom and even the opportunity to bring about that freedom. Still others saw it as yet another burden to be endured. This month, Documenting the American South considers the Christmas holidays as they were experienced by enslaved Americans.

The prosperity and relaxed discipline associated with Christmas often enabled slaves to interact in ways that they could not during the rest of the year. They customarily received material goods from their masters: perhaps the slave's yearly allotment of clothing, an edible delicacy, or a present above and beyond what he or she needed to survive and work on the plantation. For this reason, among others, slaves frequently married during the Christmas season. When Dice, a female slave in Nina Hill Robinson's Aunt Dice, came to her master "one Christmas eve, and asked his consent to her marriage with Caesar," her master allowed the ceremony, and a "great feast was spread" (pp. 24-25). Dice and Caesar were married in "the mistress's own parlor . . . before the white minister" (pp. 25-26). More than any other time of year, Christmas provided slaves with the latitude and prosperity that made a formal wedding possible.

On the plantation, the transfer of Christmas gifts from master to slave was often accompanied by a curious ritual. On Christmas day, "it was always customary in those days to catch peoples Christmas gifts and they would give you something." Slaves and children would lie in wait for those with the means to provide presents and capture them, crying 'Christmas gift' and refusing to release their prisoners until they received a gift in return (p. 22). This ironic annual inversion of power occasionally allowed slaves to acquire real power. Henry, a slave whose tragic life and death is recounted in Martha Griffith Browne's Autobiography of a Female Slave, saved "Christmas gifts in money" to buy his freedom (p. 311).

Some slaves saw Christmas as an opportunity to escape. They took advantage of relaxed work schedules and the holiday travels of slaveholders, who were too far away to stop them. While some slaveholders presumably treated the holiday as any other workday, numerous authors record a variety of holiday traditions, including the suspension of work for celebration and family visits. Because many slaves had spouses, children, and family who were owned by different masters and who lived on other properties, slaves often requested passes to travel and visit family during this time. Some slaves used the passes to explain their presence on the road and delay the discovery of their escape through their masters' expectation that they would soon return from their "family visit." Jermain Loguen plotted a Christmas escape, stockpiling supplies and waiting for travel passes, knowing the cover of the holidays was essential for success: "Lord speed the day!--freedom begins with the holidays!" (p. 262). These plans turned out to be wise, as Loguen and his companions are almost caught crossing a river into Ohio, but were left alone because the white men thought they were free men "who have been to Kentucky to spend the Holidays with their friends" (p. 303).

Harriet Tubman helped her brothers escape at Christmas. Their master intended to sell them after Christmas but was delayed by the holiday. The brothers were expected to spend the day with their elderly mother but met Tubman in secret. She helped them travel north, gaining a head start on the master who did not discover their disappearance until the end of the holidays. Likewise, William and Ellen Crafts escaped together at Christmastime. They took advantage of passes that were clearly meant for temporary use. Ellen "obtained a pass from her mistress, allowing her to be away for a few days. The cabinet-maker with whom I worked gave me a similar paper, but said that he needed my services very much, and wished me to return as soon as the time granted was up. I thanked him kindly; but somehow I have not been able to make it convenient to return yet; and, as the free air of good old England agrees so well with my wife and our dear little ones, as well as with myself, it is not at all likely we shall return at present to the 'peculiar institution' of chains and stripes" (pp. 303-304).

Christmas could represent not only physical freedom, but spiritual freedom, as well as the hope for better things to come. The main protagonist of Martha Griffin Browne's Autobiography of a Female Slave, Ann, found little positive value in the slaveholder's version of Christmas—equating it with "all sorts of culinary preparations" and extensive house cleaning rituals—but she saw the possibility for a better future in the story of the life of Christ: "This same Jesus, whom the civilized world now worship as their Lord, was once lowly, outcast, and despised; born of the most hated people of the world . . . laid in the manger of a stable at Bethlehem . . . this Jesus is worshipped now" (p. 203, 47-48). For Ann, Christmas symbolized the birth of the very hope she used to survive her captivity.

Not all enslaved African Americans viewed the holidays as a time of celebration and hope. Rather, Christmas served only to highlight their lack of freedom. As a young boy, Louis Hughes was bought in December and introduced to his new household on Christmas Eve "as a Christmas gift to the madam" (p. 13). When Peter Bruner tried to claim a Christmas gift from his master, "he took me and threw me in the tan vat and nearly drowned me. Every time I made an attempt to get out he would kick me back in again until I was almost dead" (p. 22).

Frederick Douglass described the period of respite that was granted to slaves every year between Christmas and New Year's Day as a psychological tool of the oppressor. In his 1845 Narrative, Douglass wrote that slaves celebrated the winter holidays by engaging in activities such as "playing ball, wrestling, running foot-races, fiddling, dancing, and drinking whiskey" (p. 75). He took particular umbrage at the latter practice, which was often encouraged by slave owners through various tactics. "One plan [was] to make bets on their slaves, as to who can drink the most whiskey without getting drunk; and in this way they succeed in getting whole multitudes to drink to excess" (p. 75). In My Bondage and My Freedom, Douglass concluded that "[a]ll the license allowed [during the holidays] appears to have no other object than to disgust the slaves with their temporary freedom, and to make them as glad to return to their work, as they were to leave it" (p. 255). While there is no doubt that many enjoyed these holidays, Douglass acutely discerned that they were granted not merely in a spirit of charity or conviviality, but also to appease those who yearned for freedom, ultimately serving the ulterior motives of slave owners.

#The Slave Experience of the Holidays #american history #christmas #slavery in america #Black enslavement in america

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aslanjadecarlyle · 4 years

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Master List of Black Creators, Owners, & Public Figures

DISCLAIMER: I am fucking whiter than white. I compiled this list to boost black creators and public figures, but if I am overstepping at all PLEASE let me know!

Also, I tried to research these in a timely manner. If anyone in these lists is problematic or should not be supported, let me know. :)

(Of course, this is only a TINY portion! Feel free to add more names, businesses, and creators!)

——

Activists:

•Naomi Anderson

•Maya Angelou

•James Baldwin

•Lillie Mae Bradford

•Mari Copeny

•Frederick Douglass

•Ruth Ellis

•Erica Garner

•Alicia Garza

•Ernest Green

•Fannie Lou Hamer

•Frances Harper

•Langston Hughes

•Marsha P. Johnson

•Alberta Odell Jones

•Quincy Jones

•Martin Luther King Jr.

•Audre Lorde

•Bree Newsome

•Huey P. Newton

•Rosa Parks

-Bayard Rustin

•Sojourner Truth

•Harriet Tubman

•Madam C.J. Walker

•Ida B. Wells

•Malcolm X

Actors/Actresses & Directors:

•Yahya Abdul-Mateen II

•James Avery

•Angela Bassett

•Halle Berry

•John Boyega

•Levar Burton

•Nick Cannon

•Michael Clarke Duncan

•Zendaya Coleman

•Terry Crews

•Viola Davis

•Idris Elba

•Jamie Foxx

•Morgan Freeman

•Whoopi Goldberg

•Tiffany Haddish

•Skai Jackson

•William Jackson Harper

•Kevin Hart

•Steve Harvey

•Jennifer Hudson

•Ice Cube

•Spike Lee

•Phill Lewis

•Bernie Mac

•Eddie Murphy

•Keke Palmer

•James Pickens Jr.

•Chris Rock

•Will Smith

•Raven Symonè

•Denzel Washington

•Jesse Williams

•Chandra Wilson

•Oprah Winfrey

•John Witherspoon

Authors & Poets:

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•Tomi Adeyemi

•Kwame Alexander

•Maya Angelou

•Rena Barron

•Paula Chase

•Dhonielle Clayton

•Brandy Colbert

•Jay Coles

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•Tanita S. Davis

•Sharon M. Draper

•Paul Laurence Dunbar

•Akwaeke Emezi

•Sharon G. Flake

•Kristina Forest

•L.R. Giles

•Whitney D. Grandison

•Nikki Grimes

•Justina Ireland

•Tiffany D. Jackson

•Kimberly Jones

•Claire Kann

•Kekla Magoon

•Janice Lynn Mather

•Tony Medina

•Candice Montgomery

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•Britney Morris

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•Nnedi Okorafor

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•Junauda Petrus

•Ben Philippe

•Jason Reynolds

•Debbie Rigaud

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•Nic Stone

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•Angie Thomas

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•Fulton Street Books (Tulsa, OK)

•Third Eye Bag (Portland, OR)

•Amalgam Comics (Philadelphia, PA)

•Harriett’s Bookshop (Philadelphia, PA)

•Uncle Bobbie’s (Philadelphia, PA)

•Turning Page Bookshop (Goose Creek, SC)

•Black Pearl Books (Austin, TX)

•The Dock (Fort Worth, TX)

•Loyalty Books (Washington DC)

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•Sincerely, Tommy (sincerelytommy.com)

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•Slashed by Tia (slashedbytia.net)

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Book Reviewers:

•Black & Bookish

•Black Books Matter

•Bookaddict4real

•Brazen Babe Reviews

•Doddy About Books

•Fine Point Scribbles

•Kaybee’s Bookshelf, A Literary Blog

•Literally Black

•Ms. Shabria Gxo

•Sometimes Leelynn Reads

Models:

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•Adesuwa Aighewi

•J. Alexander

•Karen Alexander

•Leomie Anderson

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•Yasmine Arrington

•Tyra Banks

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•Naomi Campbell

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•Bruce Darnell

•Khoudia Diop

•Nadège du Bospertus

•Jourdan Dunn

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•Paloma Elsesser

•Cora Emmanuel

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•Diandra Forrest

•Imaan Hammam

•Winnie Harlow

•Beverley Heath-Hoyland

•Marsha A. Hunt

•Broderick Hunter

•Chanel Iman

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•Toccara Jones

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•Liya Kebede

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•Sal Stowers

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•Alek Wek

•Jessica White

•Slick Woods

•Kara Young

Musicians:

•Aaliyah

•Akon

•Louis Armstrong

•Pearl Bailey

•Harry Belafonte

•Chuck Berry

•Beyoncé

•The Black Eyed Peas

•Blackstreet

•B.o.B.

•The Bobettes

•Soulja Boy

•50 Cent

•Chance the Rapper

•Ray Charles

•Chubby Checker

•The Chords

•Ciara

•The Clovers

•The Coasters

•Nat ‘King’ Cole

•Zendaya Coleman

•The Contours

•Sam Cooke

•Taio Cruz

•Andra Day

•Bobby Day

•The Del-Vikings

•Jason Derulo

•Destiny’s Child

•The Diamonds

•Bo Diddley

•Daveed Diggs

•DMX

•Fats Domino

•Dr. Dre

•The Drifters

•Earth, Wind, & Fire

•Missy Elliott

•Flo Rida

•The Four Tops

•Aretha Franklin

•Bobby Freeman

•Marvin Gaye

•Gloria Gaynor

•CeeLo Green

•Billie Holiday

•Whitney Houston

•Ice-T

•Sharaya J

•Janet Jackson

•Michael Jackson/The Jackson 5

•Kamille

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•MKTO

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•Nelly

•Ne-Yo

•The Penguins

•Leigh-Anne Pinnock (of the girl group Little Mix)

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•Prince

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•Little Richard

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•Run-DMC

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•Shaggy

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Jackie Aina

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Oneika the Traveller

Shanna Malcolm

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MakeupShayla

Chris Smoove

Nyma Tang

TheAjayII

AdrianXpression

#black lives matter #blm #black creators #black owned #black businesses #black authors #black actors #black activists

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shabba-zams · 4 years

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I'M NO MANIAC

Hold big regard for kinship, tradition and culture, I could give a lecture

I'm sky high - herbivore, like a turkey vulture I'm a carnivore

Canibal, I mean omnivore coz I love greens, like Popeye And Spinach, I lick bean

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Smoke in house, reminisce about my late aunt, Eugenia

Healing from a heartbreak of a love that never happened

Should never happen, wait what just happened?

You a bad bitch, downward doggy, hit it from the back, is that good B?

Meow-moo, look at that arch, Doja, Cat-Cow mi amor

Heart's aching, beneath I'm hurting although surface looks perfect

Instantly regretting the mistake I made, egghead getting laid

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You praise Ja, pet name for your small pussy... Poor lil kitten

Obsessed With fitness, admire her loyalty, I stay under her spell

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Love your big tats,small tits, nip slip, vrm vrm, you own me like pinkslip

4 play lick clit, that pink pink

Big lie like, just the tip, truth is I just wanted to hit twice, then dip twice like, dip dip

Double Pussy grip, like grip grip

Our late night tap dance routine like

Double tap like, tip-clit-grip-grip, skip, tip-clit-grip-grip

Sending mixed signals, wearing no bra, black tank top, Grey gym pants, exciting my BBC then saying NO BRA!

Apple bong is crack bong, big flop wearing your pink flip flops, I need a drink,J walk drunk, hit, bong, bang, drive, buy smoke, fly, sky, high five, YouTube The Fives, whats the matter? GBV

All lives including those you call low lives matter, no 1 deserves murder.

Deep chats kid, Katt Williams crack me up, have a break Kit Kat

I'm a lil sad but real glad u not mad at me brick brack, red fox

Need my quick fix, Red on Netflix like Raymond, cross you off my hitlist, at least at last, the blacklist, NBC

No chick flicks miss, unless you aiming to get this, BBC

I don't aim, shoot shot once and don't miss, easy, ABC

Cupid tryinna shoot me dead but misz, shit shot, no Mrs, thank God

Thot thought she a hot shot coz she smoke pot, no BS she not hot

Cold as horse shit that's not hot, bust a nut, I might not

I'm a lit lad who thinks they a big bad, Wolf, with a sick head

You heard? Sometimes it's hard when u in my bed, think with other head instead like getting head

Play dead after I beat meat, you knock-knock, I'm cumin, you come in, your bad timing is not charming

I see myself in you, pun intended, idea planted in my head

For real tho, I see your hoeish ways, long gone are my hoeish days

Sometimes I think u poison like Ivy, I'm batman, no avengers

Scavengers, a mad woman and a bad man, Savages in our own league

First punch throwers, they hate us, crack bong hitters, they not us, we avenge us,

You lead, I school ya, screw ya, liquids in ur insides like IV

Drip drip, said fuck it, big deal, do u even care how I feel? Bad state of mind, took shrumz, now I'm havin a bad trip

Craving a road trip, cruze down memory lane, replay bad clip, is it weird that I loved that silhouette video? Press play

Get liquid withit

Going toe-to-toe, I kill and bury Big Trill, made my 1st mil

Then blew it, dead lyricist, I'm just a ghost writer

I see changes, a stoner girl turn to a rave girl as the nyt ages

I once told her, trust the rock of ages like John

Serial killer with rage on Pages, I was angry at God like Sean

Now i'm easy like solving for X- Kid'o,

That's annoying, ward off tiny mosquito

Go against me, that's a non starter, kiss my ass lips

I talk shit, no stutter or slight lisp like L-Tido

In the city of gold its all or nothing, that's a no brainer

No brain huh? Black lip bastard, faith like mustard seed

Don't call me bastard, transform to Luke Cage then hit rib Cage like

Nicholas, can't stop me like an urban legend... Ghost rider

I sound fictitious like ghost busters, but I'm quite real like Klingon

I stick like glue, here's a clue:

Day of the week: Monday

Feeling: baby Blue and itchy

Scratch my balls I'm jiggy, sweet melanin black queen like B

Fluent in your love language B, catch 22, paradoxical

Hypocritical, stereotypical, philosophical.

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seeselfblack · 4 years

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The Slave Experience of the Holidays

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fuckyeahmarxismleninism · 4 years

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Today is the birthday of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.: Let’s reclaim his real legacy!

If he were alive today he would be marching in the street, calling for an end to war, standing with the poor. He would be with the homeless moms in Oakland. Dr. King Jr. would be outraged that the Pentagon is spending trillions in endless wars while Trump is holding up relief to the Puerto Rican people who have suffered endlessly. He'd go to jail to shut down the immigrant detention centers.

JOIN US AS WE MARCH THIS SATURDAY TO RESIST RACISM & WAR!

On January 18 - 20, local and national groups are calling to reclaim and honor Rev. Dr. King Jr. by resisting war and racism. READ CALL & ENDORSERS HERE

Baltimore will be holding a Citywide March Sat. Jan. 18 and then caravan to Washington D.C.

This Saturday: 10 am gather at the corner of N. Charles St. and North Ave

11 am Citywide March & Caravan to Washington D.C. for a day long action which will culminate at the Plymouth Congregational Church of Christ

FACEBOOK EVENT SIGN UP

If you cannot attend participate in the entire day, here are some options:

Join us at the beginning rally, 10 am, to see us off.

March with us for part of the route (call 410-218-4835 for details)

Join us in D.C. approximately 3:30 pm to 5:30 pm @ Plymouth Congregational Church of Christ, 5301 North Capitol St NE, Washington, DC 20011

Please note: We will have support vehicles and sound cars so that everyone can participate regardless of physical abilities. We do expect the weather to be bad, so we will prepare so that everyone can help make this day successful.

Endorsers: Peoples Power Assembly; Rev. CD Witherspoon; Rev. Annie Chambers, Douglas Homes Community Leader; Youth Against War and Racism; Black Alliance for Peace, Baltimore; ICE Out of Baltimore; Prisoners Solidarity Committee; The Marlyn Barnes Family; Baltimore Peace Action; CODE Pink; Union del Barrio; Puerto Rican Alliance; Popular Resistance; Union of Progressive Iranians; UNAC, United National Antiwar Coalition; Harvard Boulevard Block Club of South Central Los Angeles; Harriet Tubman Center for Social Justice; Plymouth Congregational United Church of Christ; Peoples Alliance, Bay Area; Bail Out the People Movement, Wisconsin; Women in Struggle/Mujeres en Lucha; Solidarity with Novorossiya & Antifascists in Ukraine; Stand with Okinawa NY; International Concerned Family & Friends of Mumia Abu-Jamal; Socialist Unity Party/Partido de Socialismo Unido; Struggle - La Lucha; Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet, LA Province; Jennicet Gutierrez; Phil Wilayto, editor, The Virginia Defender; William Camarada, Comité de Solidaridad con Venezuela Alberto Lovera NYC; D19: Partido Libre USA Canada; Baltimore City Green Party; Samidoun Palestinian Prisoner Solidarity Network; Familia: TQLM; Malaya Movement, Baltimore; San Diego County Central Committee of the Peace and Freedom Party of California; Communist Party of USA - Baltimore Club; U.S. Peace Council; Freedom Road Socialist Organization; Ujima People's Progress Party; New Orleans Workers Group (list in formation)

#Baltimore #MLKday #protest #antiwar #SNAP benefits #racism #poverty #imperialism #capitalism #MLK #Washington #PPA #Struggle La Lucha

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jobsghanaway · 7 years

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Job Opportunity For Well Subsea Engineer Ghana Nov 2017

Job Opportunity Vacancy For Well Subsea Engineer in Ghana November 2017 Career Vacancy For Well Subsea Engineer in Ghana November 2017 Job Vacancy For Well Subsea Engineer in Ghana November 2017 Job Description • Support the drilling team with expertise technologies and equipment used in subsea operations Qualification Required & Experience • Degree (Engineering) • 5 years experience in well…

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#Career Vacancy For Well Subsea Engineer in Ghana November 2017 #Eni Ghana Exploration & Production – c/o HR Dept. Bradley Tower Building #Job Opportunity For Well Subsea Engineer Ghana Nov 2017 #Job Opportunity Vacancy For Well Subsea Engineer in Ghana November 2017 #Job Vacancy For Well Subsea Engineer in Ghana November 2017 #PMB KA 185 #[email protected]#William Tubman Road

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universallybonkpsychiccookie · 2 years

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OBA’S RAD ROAD TRIP for JUNETEENTH

Beginning Sunday June 12 (Birthday) I will be in Peoria, Il for the entire week participating in arts and science in the woods —. 12 year vet https://www.sunfoundation.org/art-and-science-in-the-woods JUNETEENTH presentations the 1st one on Saturday June 18 9:30am Aurora Public Library – Still Waitin on Freedom – featuring Momma Kemba reenactment (Harriet Tubman) with Oba William King –…

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96thdayofrage · 2 years

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Why Christmas was the best time of year to escape slavery

It was the night before Christmas, and as Jarm would remember it later, “though cold, it was as clear and beautiful as Tennessee sky could make it.”

He stood outside the slave cabin with his enslaver’s horse, a stolen saddle full of food and a forged travel pass. He sneaked inside briefly to kiss his sleeping mother on the forehead. For her own safety and his, she couldn’t know he was about to escape.

Thus began a weeks-long journey as Jarm and a friend traveled north to Canada and freedom. They encountered suspicious White people who physically attacked them and demanded to see their passes, and sympathetic White and Black people who fed them and their horses and guided them onto an Underground Railroad they didn’t even know existed.

Though their escape was harrowing, Jarm didn’t have to deal with perhaps the greatest threat in his bid for freedom: Jarm’s enslaver, Mannasseth Logue, who was also his biological father. Nor did he have to run from a slave-catching posse called by Logue. No posse had been called because Logue didn’t know Jarm was gone.

Christmas marks the birth of Jesus of Nazareth, claimed by Christians to be the son of God, but for enslaved African Americans, the holiday season also offered miracles of a more practical sort. It was the best time of year to escape.

There were a few reasons for this. It was often the only time of year enslaved people were given an extended break, according to the Documenting the American South project at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. If they escaped at the beginning of the break, then their enslavers might not become aware of it for a week or more, when work began again and they didn’t show up, giving them a huge head start.

Plus, during their time off, many enslaved people were allowed to visit family at nearby plantations, an activity that required a “pass” from their enslavers permitting them to be on the road by themselves. If during their escape they were caught or questioned by Whites, they could use the pass to convince others to let them go.

On Christmas Eve 1854, Harriet Tubman, the fearless “conductor” on the Underground Railroad, rescued three of her brothers from the plantation near Cambridge, Md., where they were enslaved. Tubman’s brothers had attempted to escape before but had chosen to return to their wives and children. Then the family found out that the brothers’ enslaver planned to sell them just after the holidays.

The brothers had been given passes to have Christmas dinner with their mother, but they never showed up. Instead, their sister led them on a secret path to freedom.

For the second year in a row, the Harriet Tubman Museum and Education Center in Cambridge is offering a Christmas Eve walk on the site of the Thompson Farm, where the brothers were enslaved, along the first several miles of their escape route.

Christmas also played a role in one of the most audacious escapes in history. In 1848, William and Ellen Craft were young newlyweds in Macon, Ga., where William was enslaved as a “hired out” cabinetmaker and Ellen was an enslaved house servant to her White half-sister. Though they wanted to start a family, Ellen was terrified of being separated from her future children the way she had been separated from her mother when she was 11.

So in the days leading up to Christmas, both acquired those crucial passes from their enslavers for a few days off. Ellen, who could pass as White, cut her hair and dressed in fine men’s clothes William had purchased with his savings. She wore bandages on her face and a sling on one arm as a further disguise. Then she went to the train station and purchased two tickets north. William posed as a loyal servant tending to his injured master.

They kept up the ruse for days. At one point they were detained, but they got out of it and arrived to freedom in Philadelphia on Christmas Day.

The Crafts later moved to England, wrote a book, had five kids and, after the Civil War, located Ellen’s mother and brought her to live with them.

In 1857, three years after helping her brothers escape on Christmas, Tubman returned for her parents. All told, she led between 50 and 70 people to freedom.

Jarm, who escaped on his enslaver’s horse on Christmas Eve, made it to Canada, but he didn’t stay there. He soon moved to upstate New York, where he learned to read and write and took the name Jermain Wesley Loguen. He became a respected minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church and opened schools for Black children, and his home became an important stop on the Underground Railroad.

But because of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, Loguen was not entirely safe. Even in abolitionist-heavy New York, bounty hunters could have legally attempted to recapture him at any time.

In February 1860, 26 years after his escape, he received a letter from the widow of his enslaver demanding $1,000, or else, she threatened, she would sell him to someone who would come up and get him. Loguen’s furious reply is one for the history books and worth reading in full, but this is how he closed:

I will not budge one hair’s breadth. I will not breathe a shorter breath, even to save me from your persecutions. I stand among a free people, who, I thank God, sympathize with my rights, and the rights of mankind; and if your emissaries and venders come here to re-enslave me, and escape the unshrinking vigor of my own right arm, I trust my strong and brave friends, in this City and State, will be my rescuers and avengers.

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vamonumentlandscape · 3 years

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Fort Monroe

Fort Monroe is an area rich in history. Before the settlement of British colonists in 1607 at Jamestown, Cape Comfort was occupied by Native American groups for hundreds of years. The first Africans that were brought to North America arrived in the Hampton Roads region in 1619. John Rolfe wrote a letter to Sir Edwin Sandys of the Virginia Company about the arrival of “Twenty and odd Negroes.” Race-based enslavement would eventually become normalized in the decades to come. Though the original colonists attempted to fortify what is now known as Old Point Comfort repeatedly, destruction always ensued leaving the area vulnerable to competing entities. It was not until after the War of 1812 that the young United States Army constructed Fort Monroe as a part of a defense strategy against future attacks. Construction began in 1819 and was not fully completed until much later in 1836. A young Robert E. Lee directed the final phase of construction between 1831-1834. Ironically, Lee had constructed a Union stronghold essential during the Civil War when much of Virginia was in the hands of the Confederacy. Abraham Lincoln visited the fort briefly for four nights during the war and saw the USS Monitor and the CSS Virginia fighting in the nearby waters. Though a Virginia slave owner demanded the return of escaped enslaved persons at Fort Monroe in 1861, General Benjamin Butler refused as they were a “contraband of war.” This action led to the United States Congress adopting the First Confiscation Act, which meant that escaped enslaved persons from an active state in rebellion would be kept out of the hands of Southern slave owners. Just a few years later in 1863, Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation made it clear that the North was intent on ending slavery for good. Since former President Barack Obama designated Fort Monroe as a national monument in 2011 after its formal decommission by the Army, the National Park Service can fully interpret all components of the site. This includes the two-year confinement of Jefferson Davis at the fort, as well as its strategic importance during World War I and World War II. It is a site that shows the benefits of historic preservation and redevelopment, and we felt a unique sense of fulfillment incorporating the fort into our last journey of this project.

Once we had driven around the large fort for about fifteen minutes, we finally found a map that helped us find all the important landmarks we wanted to see. As we were pulling away, we came across our first stop. There was a historic marker at the top of the Casemate Museum that caught all of our attention. “Confinement of Jefferson Davis” is what the marker was titled. At Fort Monroe, in what is now the Casemate Museum, Davis spent the first four and a half months of his short two year prison sentence. The 1932 marker only detailed facts about his imprisonment, but right below this sign was a plaque installed by the United Daughters of the Confederacy that was riddled with the Lost Cause narrative. The plaque honors Dr. John J. Craven, U.S. Army doctor, who took care of Davis as he was imprisoned. He, according to the UDC, “lightened the monotony, loneliness, and the physical suffering of Jefferson Davis.” The sign did not stop there with the odd language of calling Davis a “prisoner of war.” He was not a prisoner of war. The war was over, Davis was imprisoned because of his crimes of treason. He was never tried and was released after two years. It is an example of one of the largest injustices in our country’s history that added fuel to the fire of the Lost Cause.

Just down the road we came across an arch above a large hill, overlooking the ocean across the way. It was formerly an entrance to a small memorial park to Jefferson Davis. The UDC installed the overwhelming metal arch in 1956 with the approval of the US Army to “commemorate the imprisonment of Confederate President Jefferson Davis at Fort Monroe.” It was shocking, but also quite expected for the times, to us that the US Army would approve the arch dedicated to a traitor. It was also unsettling because of what was happening in our country at the time. In the 1950s and 1960s the rise of the modern Civil Rights Movement was taking place. Organizations, like the UDC, were making sure their presence was known and making racist statements across the country. In August 2019 the name of the park was removed and the area was reinterpreted. We were all impressed with the signage from the National Park Service that told the full truth about what the memorial park was and meant for those who installed it. The signage was blatantly honest about why the arch was put up, along with the many other types of Confederate memorials across the South. The signage states that these memorials “ … highlight(s) the intent to exclude African Americans from public life and civil liberties.” The signage even speaks to how “ … Davis stood as the most vocal proponent of the claim the war had been a constitutional struggle, not a fight over the future of slavery in the United States, His claim was part of the Lost Cause crusade….” It was a proud moment to see how well the NPS is interpreting the history of the past mistakes at Fort Monroe. Lastly, as we stood under the arch, overlooking the ocean, we could see the signage for where the proposed First Africans memorial will go. We couldn’t tell if this was a coincidence or just a powerful twist of fate for the two sites to coincide in such a way. We are thankful for the correct interpretation of history here at Fort Monroe.

Before Fort Monroe was a military installation, Old Point Comfort was where the White Lion brought African captives to be sold into indentured servitude. The arrival of the 20-30 Bantu Angolans was the catalyst for slavery in America. We were able to park near a fishing pier and easily found the sign. The sign explains the arrival briefly and also introduces a couple, Antony and Isabella, who were two captives on the White Lion. They had a child named William, who is believed to be the first child born in Virginia with African ancestry. The sign concludes with a statement confirming the facts of Virginia creating a system of hereditary slavery, which would last until 1865 with the ratification of the 13th amendment. Each of us had an emotional reaction to seeing this historical sign as the sun went down for the day. We looked out towards the ocean, closed our eyes, and heard the crashing waters below. This place is where one of the greatest travesties of United States history began to form as an institution. After shedding a few tears, we walked down to the future site of the African Landing Memorial. Sculpted by Brian Owens, the memorial will allow further reflection upon America’s greatest violation of human rights and dignity. To move forward, one must look to errors of the past. If all Americans can do this, maybe we will be able to realize the true potential of a free nation.

Our last stops at the fort were two signs detailing the former locations of the Contraband Hospital and Contraband Quarters. In the beginning of the Civil War, General Benjamin Butler took in hundreds of enslaved people who had run away from the hands of those who owned them. He called them “Contrabands of War” as they were property of those who they were fighting against and General Butler confiscated such “useful property.” There was no mention of emancipation, but ultimately this policy led to thousands of formerly enslaved workers to be freed. The resilience the enslaved had to make such a journey from all over the South is a momentous accomplishment. Freedom was never easy to achieve and the hard fight never came without hardship. After travelling the long roads to freedom, most of the men, women, and children had been injured or faced illness along the way. The Contraband Hospital was set up exclusively for the freed people who were facing these struggles. Harriet Tubman worked as a nurse at the Fort Monroe hospital for a short period of time. Fort Monroe holds some of our earliest histories, darkest moments, and many highlights that are important for all Americans to see and remember.

Our final stop in the Hampton area was the small town of Phoebus. A small, rundown town in the middle of a revitalization, stood out to us as we were on the way back from Fort Monroe. Only about a mile away from Phoebus is a national cemetery for servicemen and women. But, the most interesting piece of history we discovered was a small historic marker that was titled “Slabtown.” Slabtowns were the pop up neighborhoods of the hundreds of freed people making homes for themselves out of slabs, which are leftover cuts of bark from the local sawmill. Many of those freed people’s descendants still live in Phoebus and surrounding areas today. We found this stop to be inspiring as not only does their story live on, but their familial legacy too.

#history #virginia #monument #civilrights #civil war #important #Jefferson Davis #fort Monroe #Hampton va

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daviddshiki · 4 years

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The Adventures of David Dashiki-Story of African American Hero-You Direct Your Life Story. Make it Beautiful

CALVIN COLLEGE - HISTORIAN

HOW can i be discouraged when I peruse our history? We should not be here. We were brought here as slaves. We have been whipped, brutalized, lynched and murdered. Still we rise .No pandemic can hold us down for our life in. America is the Pandemic Story. We are a great people who stand on the shoulders of even greater people. We direct our story. Lets make it beautiful like our color.

I remind all of you of our heroes who fought the magnificent fight for freedom. recently, we lost another who transitioned having succumbed to cancer for no human could bring him down. I speak of the gallant John Lewis. We will never see his likeness again. Brave, humble, courageous and selfless. He served 38 years in the halls of Congress. Every day of his life was dedicated to the emancipation of his people and in so doing all of America. We must always honor he who symbolizes the word warrior. With all due respect, we show reverence by mentioning others who inspired him, were motivated by or traveled the cruel road of freedom fighting with the tough, fearsome, illustrious and potent John Lewis. Rest in peace as we here on Earth continue to make trouble in behalf of liberation: FREEDOM FIGHTERS...

Frederick Douglass-Abolitionist, Harriet Tubman-Abolitionist(Underground Railroad), Booker T Washington- Founder: Tuskegee Institute, Ida B. Wells-Journalist, WEB Dubois-Founder: NAACP, A Philip Randolph- Labor Leader, Roy Wilkins-NAACP Executive Director, Bayard Rustin-Civil Rights Activist, Dorothy Height-Advocate for African American Female Rights, Rosa Parks-Mother of the Civil Rights Movement, NAACP Official, Fannie Lou Hamer-Founder: Freedom Democratic Party, Nelson Mandela- President of South Africa after 27 years in imprisonment in the fight for freedom, James Farmer-Leader of CORE, Joseph Lowery- Co-Founder SCLC, Whitney Young-Executive Director- National Urban League, Charles Ever-Civil Rights Leader, Mayor in Mississippi, Fred Shuttlesworth- Co Founder SCLC, C T Vivian Leader of SNCC and SCLC, Medgar Evers, NAACP Official in Mississippi killed in the struggle for freedom, Malcolm X, Legend, The Voice of the Civil Rights Movement, Hosea Williams- Strategist for SCLC Huey Newton - Co Founder of the Black Panthers, Bobby Seale-Co Founder Black Panther Party, Marcus Garvey- Father of the Civil Rights Movement, Julian Bond- Rep. Georgia State Legislature, Al Sharpton-Founder: NAN, Jesse Jackson-Founder: Rainbow Coalition, Stokely Carmichael-Co-Founder: SNCC, Fred Hampton-Chairman Black Panther Party Illinois Chapter, Dr. Martin Luther King...He was the civil rights movement

These are the names you must study and remember. Keep your eyes on the prize and make your story beautiful. We owe that to John Lewis and the other bright lights of the movement. Black Lives Matter. They must matter to us first. Do something with your life. You must know these names as you would those of Stephen Curry, LeBron James, Kevin Durant, James Harden, Carmelo Anthony, CP3, Anthony Davis, Beyonce, Rihanna and Alicia Keys. In this way, the dreams of John Lewis will be realized. VOTE !!!!

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ausetkmt · 6 months

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Why Christmas was the best time of year to escape slavery

It was the night before Christmas, and as Jarm would remember it later, “though cold, it was as clear and beautiful as Tennessee sky could make it.”

On Christmas Eve 1854, Harriet Tubman, the fearless “conductor” on the Underground Railroad, rescued three of her brothersfrom the plantation near Cambridge, Md.,where they were enslaved. Tubman’s brothers had attempted to escape before but had chosen to return to their wives and children. Then the family found out that the brothers’ enslaver planned to sell them just after the holidays.

The brothers had been given passes to have Christmas dinner with their mother, but they never showed up. Instead, their sister led them on a secret path to freedom.

For the second year in a row,the Harriet Tubman Museum and Education Center in Cambridge is offering a Christmas Eve walk on the site of the Thompson Farm, where the brothers were enslaved, along the first several miles of their escape route.

They kept up the ruse for days. At one point they were detained, but they got out of it and arrived to freedom in Philadelphia on Christmas Day.

The Crafts later moved to England, wrote a book, had five kids and, after the Civil War, located Ellen’s mother and brought her to live with them.

In 1857, three years after helping her brothers escape on Christmas, Tubman returned for her parents. All told, she led between 50 and 70 people to freedom.

But because of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, Loguen was not entirely safe. Even in abolitionist-heavy New York, bounty hunters could have legally attempted to recapture him at any time.

In February 1860, 26 years after his escape, he received a letter from the widow of his enslaver demanding $1,000, or else, she threatened, she would sell him to someone who would come up and get him. Loguen’s furious reply is one for the historybooks and worth reading in full, but this is how he closed:

#Why Christmas was the best time of year to escape slavery #american slavery #enslaved in america #slavery #Blacks Enslaved in America #christmas

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honeybeethinker-blog · 4 years

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New Hampshire

The Democrats are falling in line more and more with the radical socialist agenda that has been sweeping through and poisoning our ideological well of common place, and turning away people like me who have parents from former socialist republics that have heard of the horrors from first hand survivors of a blood soaked ideology that destroys everything it touches. The socialists offer to fix all of America's issues, they claim to lead a millennial takeover yet they reach into the age of 78 and 65. The ones who can see past the lies and facade of a “grass roots” establishment backed candidate, are unable to ask about all the private hedge funds and gains these so called “socialist” candidates have obtained off of the back of wealthy capitalist donors and international special interest groups. We face a challenge unlike any we have ever faced, rather than capitalism versus socialism, this is the marketplace of free ideas versus complete and total government tyranny and takeover, we have seen protests around the world from countries such as hong kong and many others, protests from people who want to end the corrupt hypocritical government and want to live in peace with basic ideal freedoms we usually take for granted. The state of identity politics has blinded the far left from the reality their ideology actually has actually created in the world around them. I am not a right winger by any means and i don't consider myself to be quite moderate either, but we must realize at this moment in time we are throwing away our election in the form of anger and identity politics. We have no basis to defend a candidate who will be actively working to take away private ownership and personal freedom at the helm of office, despite what many of us think trump might be doing, these are things socialism HAS done. The communist manifesto in theory provides you with enough groundwork to make assumptions about the virtues of communism through gradual socialism. In THEORY this system is a utopia for workers and the people, but the REALITY is that the elite ruling class control ALL means of society through state ownership. Karl Marx created a system the power hungry gravitate towards, that includes ANYONE who supports ANY form of socialism. Capitalism may not be perfect but we DO NOT have gulags and gas chambers for political and ethnic rivals. We are america and what has made us unique is our ability to maintain the liberties that have been passed down to us from generation to generation. Our grandfathers and great grandfathers fought socialism, facism and imperial tryanny all under the flag that represented a world system that was (and still is) very young to this world, a system that has grown and developed and shaped many countries for the past 200 years. We are merely at the beginning of the american tale, the american people of ALL colors are more than dogs to whistle at, we are a people united by the ideals of freedom and common place. Thomas Paine once wrote “What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly; it is dearness only that gives everything its value.”

The same can be said about the state of american politics at the moment, people who have not seen the sacrifice or the trouble we have endured as a country will never understand the true value of american liberty. It's very easy to scream racism and intolerance when rehashing the american story, but yet they forget it's those same atrocities that formed some of the GREATEST men and women to have ever existed. By ignoring the american story you are spitting on the memories of Frederick Douglass, abraham lincoln, harriet tubman, rosa parks, martin luther king, jfk, william llyod garrison and many many more. We face a road and we can choose where to go, the black vote was formed in liberty, whether the democrats want to preserve that or not… is completely up to them.

#socialism #new hampshire #new #vote #2020 election #2020 #newham #blm #socialismsucks #facts #blacklivesmatter #blacksloveamericawejustwantbettercommunities #black voter #black thoughts #black columnists #black lives matter forever #blacks #black love

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seeselfblack · 6 years

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The Slave Experience of the Holidays

Via Documenting the American South

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wutbju · 4 years

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Augusta, Georgia—Mrs. Jacquelyne Menard Shipman Walters was called to be with the Lord on November 17, 2019, at her home in Augusta, Georgia. She was joyfully reunited with her late husband and best friend, Dr. Gordon Ervin Walters, who passed away in October 2008.

The visitation will be at Platt's Funeral Home on Belair Road on Friday, November 22, 2019, from 6 p.m. - 8 p.m. The funeral service will be Saturday, November 23, 2019, at 1 p.m. at Westside Baptist Church, 261 Flowing Wells Road, Martinez, Ga. with Dr. Robert J. Lehn and Reverend David M. Beck officiating. Interment will follow at Westover Memorial Park. Grandsons will serve as pallbearers.

Mrs. Walters was born in Augusta on February 25, 1933. She always loved her hometown. When a hospital in North Dakota called and asked to speak with her son Alan about a job opening, she replied, "Why would he want to leave the Garden of Eden to go up there?" Alan said he never heard back from that hospital.

Growing up, Mrs. Walters also lived in Ft. Walton Beach, Florida; Panama City, Florida; and Bainbridge, Georgia while her father served during World War II. At the end of the war, they returned to Augusta where she graduated from Tubman High School. She attended Augusta College for two years before transferring to Bob Jones University in Greenville, S.C. where she graduated with a B.S. in Home Economics in 1954. She served as an Awana Cubbies leader for 20 years at Westside Baptist Church.

Mrs. Walters met Gordon through her brother, Bill, in college. Gordon first started to visit their home to see Bill but kept coming to see her. They married on September 18, 1954. Up until his passing, Jackie and Gordon eagerly looked forward to their Thursday dates. They were unwavering in their faith, love, and character, setting an example for their family tree.

Altogether, they had 54 years together and raised five children — who have all been married for 30+ years — and gave them 15 grandchildren and 13 great-grandchildren: Son - Dr. Gordon Leslie Walters, wife Kay, and children Ashley Mullenix, Jordan; Daughter - Kathryn Walters Lehn, husband Robert, and children Adrienne Heindl, Andrew, Anthony; Son - Dr. Alan Shipman Walters, wife Shirley, and children Melissa McLeroy, Ryan, Natalie, Mallory Newton; Daughter - Alison Walters Shelburne, husband John, and children Brent, Preston, Lindsey; and Daughter - Jacquelyne Walters Beck, husband David, and children Lauren Barth, Alyssa, Mitchell. Mrs. Walters was preceded in death by her husband, her parents -- Mr. and Mrs. William F. and Menard V. Shipman -- and her brother, Dr. William F. Shipman, Jr.

Mrs. Walters was the best grandmother to her 15 grandchildren, joyfully taking an active roll in raising them. Every Master's Week and summer, her house became a revolving door for them to play hide-n-seek in her azalea bushes, paint pottery on her back porch, and cook pizzas in her kitchen. Her house was never quiet -- and she loved it that way.

"Those times were the definition of 'the good old days' for me," her granddaughter Natalie wrote in a letter this year. "You created so many memories for us cousins that bonded us for life."

More than anything, Mrs. Walters was known for her unmatched hospitality, always having to be forced to sit down to eat at Thanksgiving instead of continuing to help serve others. She was never a true empty nester, continually offering her home for students to stay in long-term or for fun get-togethers for Bible studies, youth groups, missionaries, friends and family.

As soon as Mrs. Walters opened her door with a warm smile, a big hug, and an excited, "Well, hello!" you were instantly transported back to a simpler time of family, faith, and food. Every time at her home felt like the good old days. And you never had to call ahead; she was always happy to see you -- whether it was for 10 minutes or the whole weekend.

"You gave me the most happy childhood," her daughter Alison wrote in a letter earlier this year.

"Whoever dwells in the shelter of the Most High will rest in the shadow of the Almighty. I will say of the Lord, 'He is my refuge and my fortress, my God, in whom I trust.'" Psalm 91:1-2, Mrs. Walters' favorite Psalm.

In lieu of flowers, please consider making a memorial contribution to one of the following ministries: Child Evangelism Fellowship Inc. ,P.O. Box 2553, Evans, Ga. 30809 or to Westside Baptist Building Fund, 261 Flowing Wells Road, Augusta, Ga. 30907.

Please sign the guestbook and send condolences at www.plattsfuneralhome.com.

#Jacquelyne Menard Shipman Walters #Class of 1954 #Bob Jones University #BJU Alumni Association #Hall of Fame #Obituary

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jobsghanaway · 7 years

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whimsically-ominously-auspice · 4 years

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youtube

Australia isn't afraid of shit!

I read on the news thst they're testing their houses to see if they're fireproof and indestructible.

I'm like tree can we do a couple big waves on them from the ocean?!

But i seen this lady all freaking happy standing in a pile of rubble metal all "we're gonna crush this and recycle it for cars!".

Its already burnt white i mean it looks fucking good

So I'm all ....

Man I don't even understand the power of love and trust. I don't. Looking at Australia and feeling worry. I know i don't.

I know the power of justice.

But all my love and trust has always been destroyed.

Abu Steven Lucas gave up. He got his soulmate and two kids and he said "were all gonna die. This won't last. Sit back and enjoy it because we are through. My wife is just here probably because I'm going to Hell and she's going back Heaven and I'll never get to see her again!"

That's the most hilarious shit I ever heard he looks at us me and William and says "its not funny you two!!"

Its absolutely hilarious!!! And absolutely sweet and innocent and darling. So much so he doesn't see how innocent he really is. Hes done so much bad to protect so many people. He's fought so much but he's ALWAYS kept those justice scales in the back of his mind.

Just like i always keep love in the back of mine.

Like WWI he was getting conflicting reports of information.. .

I was hiding actions being done so the maximum affect could be handled and he was being lied to by perverts.

And he didn't want to bother any one at work. Or ask anyone favors.

If he was gonna go to Hell, he was gonna take every memory of every second with those babies and his wife and make the best of it.

Just as he always has through this Hell on Earth. And be all fuck off Hell cause i got baby memories and mama, too. So no way are you getting through to me.

No matter what he was gonna go to Hell happy and stay that way..

I'm proud of him. I'm happy for him that's why i laugh so hard. Hes not making it up. He was being serious. 100% honest on his thought

Which... Is why it's funny because we're actually just laughing at him. Its rude but we know better than to argue with an Abu.

He saved our lives. The whole trailer park. Sure half of us ended up dying but we were all military brats. Not Wiliam LeGrande tho. He was already in the human trafficking system. Just like always but this time it was safe. Food and beds and work but decent hours and less killing.

But our whole trailer park and half of Iraq 2x. So what if he head ISIS and started it. He was defending himself, and others.

What if i hadn't killed eQ2? Our human trafficking victims would been dumped out over the ocean like the real Donald Trump

Sometimesems we have to play a little hard ball when we are just squishy babes.

Then I had to kill Donald Trump and then i had to kill 45 people in the International Space station although not a threat for me they made life miserable for others (now hiring they said, btw, aliens only)

5 directors of the Department of Defense

And I don't feel,bad.,trust,me the list goes on

But i saved,the world

If the world don't like it they can kick me off. I won't even get mad. Theres other planets,i can get kicked off of.

And Abu quitting. Really you know which day he actually quit?

I25 day. Which went beyond our country into Canada and into Mexico

All the way.

No Abu in the world could done it but Abu Steven Lucas. The only one.

But the last night of war he,gave that choice of,freedom.

The very last night. Its okay he was,being,stubborn he was gonna go to Hell and the war was lost. You know why?

That is the only way he would not send his men out. He has only not done it 4 times in his life and that's for people he doesn't like and i told him to.

He believed we would never win so he didn't send his men out. That is the only time he made that choice on his own

The most beautiful part the most beautiful thing is ... It was the very very last war night.

And he didn't make a call. He was their boss that paid them great wages.

They fought all their life for this freedom.

So the last night they could choose freedom for the first time.

The only time they ever had that choice. Because he didn't ask. He said "no more war. We won't win"

You should know that he has to pay wages of $6,342,795.62. So far for last night's fighting. (Money from Iraq drug bunker i taught him how to hide money in the compound before taking it. So no one would get in trouble then take it if it wasn't noticed-- just like i tricked JP and NHRA rapists and the wild West night. Robin Hood)

That is 158,569.9 hours of work for a 12 hour shift.

That is 13,214,16 people. Minus some reimbursements

That's at least 13,000 people he has set free on his own through "Girl Scouts" on my honor I will try to serve God and my community.

13000 people that were not busy. Or staying in to protect their families or watching their family on TV tear shit apart because it was such a rare opportunity to see the community for the first time do what they been doing their entire life.

That is on one road.

So no way is this dude going to Hell nor is this dude ever going to lose a war.

His legs got cut off and he still kept Harriet Tubmaning the world.

His pregnant with twins wife was murdered in front of him and he kept Harriet Tubmaning the world.

If his bitch ass goes to Hell it's cause he was kidnapped. And the Devil wanted to steal his power.

That is all i have to say.

So thank you Australia for believing and being amazing at what you do and not being afraid of new challenges and adventures.

The Abu welcome you into their hearts!.

Shit for reals cause dude you could told me Boo and i would ran all what what what is happening so you need help you look like it

And each time i asked you said no but i will help you.

That is an Abu

Australia & Abu Steven Lucas 💎

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