#Ralph Solecki

[accuratepicuresofanthropologists]

 Ralph and Rose Solecki examining artifacts in the Iraq Museum, Baghdad, 1966. Via The Smithsonian

#Rose Solecki #Ralph Solecki #Smithsonian

[wintersettled]

i am once again thinking about the hilichurl rogue :(

the first time i fought it was actually yesterday after climbing a mountain in fontaine cause i wanted to see what it was and the drops really reminded me of neanderthal flower burials + how both neanderthals and hilichurls are/have been seen as primitive beings despite tons of evidence to the contrary (ignoring what we know about khaenri'ah since the curse of the wild seems to cause them to be catatonic for a period of time).

theres tons of literature on how neanderthals actually appear to be similar to homo sapiens and have higher mental functioning as evidenced through their tools, their presumed social structures (taking care of injured/disabled neanderthals rather than abandoning them as would be thought of beings focused only on survival), but most notably for this the evidence of "flower burials" at Shanidar.

Basically, two neanderthals were found buried in primarily medicinal flowers (indicating their possible role in their group). I believe there were 11(?) other neanderthals found there who appeared to have been crushed by rockfall whos ages (if my memory is correct) were from around 7 to mid 40s. The reason i bring this up is because of one of the flowers found at Shanidar: Achillea/Yarrows. I find these flowers to be fairly similar in appearance of the petals (excluding size) to the hilichurl rogues drops

Now, each drops description:

A Flower Yet to Bloom "a wildflower that a hilichurl rogue treasured. it was plucked before it could bloom. the hilichurl takes nothing with it in its sojourn across the wilderness save this flower."

Treasured Flower "a wild flower that a hilichurl picked bereft of any special qualities. flowers can be used as gifts or offerings to express ones feelings in many cultures"

for this description in specific i would actually like to quote Ralph S Solecki's "The Implications of the Shanidar Cave Neanderthal Flower Burial"

"Under normal circumstances, today, in many cultures, flowers and death go together, as one can see a funeral corteges and burials. The association of flowers as tokens of esteem, respect, or for the joy of looking at [...]. According to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, 'the flower has been a universal symbol of beauty in the civilizations of the world. Confucius included its cultivation among the arts that were essential to a man of culture.' We pride ourselves thinking that we know a lot about Neanderthal man, but the association of flowers with Neanderthals adds a whole new dimension to our knowledge of him, and his humanistic nature."

Wanderer's Blooming Flower "a blooming wild flower that a hilichurl rogue treasured, bereft of any special qualities. the eternal outlander asks not for reward, but only to see their deeds come to fruition"

TLDR (abstract lol); hilichurl rogue drops remind me of the neanderthal flower burials found at shanidar

below the cutoff are some sources if you want to do further reading on neanderthals

(im not an anthropologist or even studying it btw but here are some articles on neanderthals i used for a bibliography on neanderthal spirituality in an anth class last winter in case you want to read up on it, theyre formatted in SAA kinda)

Appenzeller, Tim

     2013    Neanderthal Culture: Old Masters. Nature 497:302-304. 

Hochadel, Oliver

     2020    The Flower People of Shanidar: Telling a New Tale of Neanderthal Brothers. In 

Narratives and Comparisons, edited by Martin Carrier, Rebecca Mertens, and Carsen Reinhardt, pp. 99-122. Bielefeld University Press, Bielefeld. https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839454152-005

Mitchell, Mary Shirley

    2021   Geoarchaeological Methods and the Intentionality of Neanderthal Burial. Furthering

Perspectives 11:29-41. https://mountainscholar.org/bitstream/handle/10217/233626/JOUF_FurtheringPerspectives_vol10.pdf?sequence=1#page=29

Morris-Kay, Gillian M. 

    2010    The Evolution of Human Artistic Creativity. Journal of Anatomy 216:158-176. 

Pomeroy, Emma, Paul Bennett, Chris O. Hunt, Tim Reynolds, Lucy Farr, and Marine Frouin

    2020      New Neanderthal Remains Associated with the ‘Flower Burial’ at Shanidar

Cave. Antiquity 94:11-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2019.207

#the flowers and earth blackened where he died (i set him on fire) #hilichurl rogue #omg its a popular tag?? #you guys get me #genshin impact #im pretty sure neanderthals are also typically quite a bit shorter than homo sapiens but i didnt add it cause im not 100% sure #also sorry for not checking too many details on shanidar but i linked some articles #theyre formated in SAA btw hope thats okay #I AM NOT AN ANTHROPOLOGIST or even studying it btw #neanderthal #i love anthropology so bad tho like its soooo fun to study #kms if you want me to get to digging like i could never do what you guys do much respect #also! as far as i can tell many neanderthal groups seemed to wander? #at least thats my interpretation but once again im not totally sure so i didnt add it #just food for though especially with the last drop description about the eternal outlander #i guess hilichurl rogues dont even fit in among reg hilichurls also and they seem to be build at more of an in between of reg characters #if i had more energy id get going about that child who appeared mixed between homo sapien and neanderthal

[aschambersauthor]

Currently researching Stone Age archaeology and this anecdote about how a dig was almost ruined by a dust bathing hen had me in stitches 😂😂😂 The excerpt is from Lost Civilisations of the Stone Age by the superb Richard Rudgley who is quoting Ralph Solecki. #archaeology #neanderthal #chicken (at Lancaster, Lancashire) https://www.instagram.com/p/ClOJoRYK360/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

#archaeology #neanderthal #chicken

[neanderthalfunerary]

Announcement of Death: An Obituary for Shanidar I (November 2, 2022)

Skull cast of Shanidar I (Clark, 2012).

Shanidar 1, aged somewhere around 30 to 45, is estimated to have perished from falling rocks in a collapsing Shanidar Cave, Iraq, between 45,000 and 35,000 years ago.

Laid to rest (perhaps by survivors of the collapse) in a pit and covered with sediment from later cave-ins, his remains were discovered by Ralph Solecki in 1957. [1]

His burial, alongside those of at least nine others at the site, constitute a foundational source of insight into the mortuary practices of Homo neanderthalensis. [2]

Paleo-pathological assessment has determined that throughout the course of his life, ‘Nandy’- as he was nicknamed by his excavators- experienced a variety of significant injuries and degeneration. [3]

Speculative illustration of Shanidar I (Miladinovic).

A major blow to the head likely rendered him at least partially blind in his left eye, on top of profound hearing loss from bone spurs in both ear canals. Examination of these exostoses yielded a diagnosis of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, making Nandy the earliest potential example of this condition. [4] Worn down teeth indicate a possible degenerative disease, and he would have walked with a limp as a result of both legs being broken or deformed. With Nandy's lower right arm missing and a distinct fracture at the humerus, there is evidence to suggest that he was the recipient of some early form of surgery and amputation. [5]

Because of the debilitating effects of these injuries, it is unlikely that Nandy would have been able to survive to such old age without external support. The fact that many of his pathologies show signs of healing over time insinuate that he was provided for, to some extent, by members of his community.

Trauma sustained to the right side of Shanidar I’s face (Trinkhaus, 2017).

‘Compassion,’ or some analogous concept, may have played an important role in Neanderthal thought processes and social interactions. [6]

Nandy and the other Shanidar specimens exhibiting antemortem trauma are far from the only members of their species to have been found in situations indicative of intentional burial.

Shanidar 1 is not survived by any family members. However, to this day, the individuals from Shanidar Cave provide anthropologists with a wealth of information about the extent of Neanderthal capacity for symbolic thought, technological complexity, and altruism.

Illustration depicting a gathering in Shanidar Cave (Miladinovic).

----- References & Further Reading -----

[1] Shanidar Cave

Wikipedia. “Shanidar Cave,” October 29, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanidar_Cave#Shanidar_1.‌

[2] Neanderthal mortuary practices in the context of Shanidar Z

Lewsy, Fred. “Shanidar Z: What Did Neanderthals Do with Their Dead?” University of Cambridge, February 18, 2020. https://www.cam.ac.uk/stories/shanidarz.‌

[3] Trauma among the Shanidar Neanderthals

Trinkaus, E., and M. R. Zimmerman. “Trauma among the Shanidar Neandertals.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 57, no. 1 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1002/AJPA.1330570108.‌

[4] Hearing loss in Shanidar I

Trinkaus, Erik, and Sébastien Villotte. “External Auditory Exostoses and Hearing Loss in the Shanidar 1 Neandertal.” Edited by Karen Rosenberg. PLOS ONE 12, no. 10 (October 20, 2017): e0186684. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186684.‌

[5] Health-related care for the Shanidar I

Kent, Laura. “Health-Related Care for the Neanderthal Shanidar 1.” ANU Undergraduate Research Journal 8 (August 1, 2017): 83–91. https://doi.org/10.22459/aurj.08.2016.07.‌

[6] Neanderthal caregiving and emotional constructs

Spikins, Penny, Andy Needham, Lorna Tilley, and Gail Hitchens. “Calculated or Caring? Neanderthal Healthcare in Social Context.” World Archaeology 50, no. 3 (February 22, 2018): 384–403. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2018.1433060.‌

#anthropology #archeology #neanderthal #shanidar #evolution #prehistoric #neanderthalfunerary

[kp777]

#neanderthal #archeology #iraq

[danieleneandermancini]

NUOVI STUDI SUI NEANDERTHALIANI DI SHANIDAR, KURDISTAN IRAQENO

NUOVI STUDI SUI NEANDERTHALIANI DI SHANIDAR, KURDISTAN IRAQENO

Il primo scheletro articolato di Uomo di Neanderthal portato alla luce è stato, per oltre 20 anni, l’individuo scoperto nella Grotta di Shanidar, ai piedi dei Monti Zagros, nella zona del Kurdistan iracheno, uno dei siti più importanti per l’archeologia del XX secolo.

La Grotta di Shanidar è stata scavata tra il 1957 e il 1961 dall’archeologo americano Ralph Soleckiche scoprì resti parziali di…

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#Emma Pomeroy #Graeme Barker #Grotta di Shanidar #Ralph Solecki #Shanidar Z #Università di Birkbeck #Università di Cambridge #Università di Liverpool John Moores #Uomo di Neanderthal

[mayerstagram]

The Importance Of Sympathy Flowers

A passing of a friend or family member is a standout amongst life's most disastrous minutes. A period where feelings run high and shared recollections couldn't come close to the gravity of the circumstance. Somebody from their life has gone unto a superior life, and they can never get them back.

Except if you have experienced the death of somebody near you, your mother's abrupt demise, or maybe www.bestflowersbypost.co.uk your closest companion's tumble from life's rope, you can say you can envision the agony, however the truth of the misfortune can never be genuinely felt by any other individual other than the nearest family.

Being in their essence amid these attempting times is a standout amongst the best things a companion or a relative can broaden. Encompassing them with sincere sympathies, love and motions of friendship without a doubt make them feel somewhat less alone.

Amid these occasions, a basic and customary signal of sending compassion rose game plans can help facilitate the dim and grave mind-set of the burial service parlor. Having blossoms would make the room somewhat more brilliant, practically like an implicit image of expectation and excellence.

Convention and history have demonstrated that blossoms have had an instrumental influence in an individual's passing and resurrection. An archeological burrow by Dr. Ralph Solecki had finished up and discovered that even before Christ was conceived, it has been a training among people to set down blossoms in a burial ground or memorial service.

Blossoms are constantly contrasted with the sheer power of life. That in its quality and excellence, its development is estimated in interims and potential outcomes. Like men, blossoms are exposed to outcomes, neglect to give the blooms enough water and daylight, they will unavoidably bite the dust, much the same as men will shrivel and fall on the off chance that they are not bolstered and taken minded of.

[storiesremainuntold]

The Importance Of Sympathy Flowers

A death of a loved one is one of life's most heartbreaking moments. A time where emotions run high and shared memories could not compare to the gravity of the situation. Someone from their life has gone unto a better life, and they can never get them back.

Unless you have encountered the passing of someone close to you, your mom's sudden death, or perhaps your best friend's fall from life's rope, you can say you can imagine the pain, but the reality of the loss can never be truly felt by anyone else other than the closest family.

Being in their presence  during these trying times is one of the best things a friend or a relative http://www.flowersbypostuk.org.uk/flowers-by-post-uk/cheap-flowers-by-post-uk can extend. Surrounding them with heartfelt condolences, love and gestures of affection surely make them feel a little less alone.

During these times, a simple and traditional gesture of sending sympathy flower arrangements can help ease the dark and grave mood of the funeral parlor. Having flowers would make the room a bit brighter, almost like an unspoken symbol of hope and beauty.

Tradition and history have proven that flowers have played an instrumental part in a person's passing and rebirth. An archaeological dig by Dr. Ralph Solecki had concluded and found that even before Christ was born, it has been a practice among individuals to lay down flowers in a grave yard or funeral.

Flowers are always compared to the sheer vigor of life. That in its splendor and beauty, its growth is measured in intervals and possibilities. Like men, flowers are subjected to consequences, fail to shower the flowers with enough water and sunlight, they will inevitably die, just like men will wither and fall if they are not fed and taken cared of.

[archaeologicalnews]

Older Neanderthal survived with a little help from his friends

An older Neandertal from about 50,000 years ago, who had suffered multiple injuries and other degenerations, became deaf and must have relied on the help of others to avoid prey and survive well into his 40s, indicates a new analysis published Oct. 20 in the online journal PLoS ONE.

"More than his loss of a forearm, bad limp and other injuries, his deafness would have made him easy prey for the ubiquitous carnivores in his environment and dependent on other members of his social group for survival," said Erik Trinkaus, study co-author and professor of anthropology in Arts & Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis.

Known as Shanidar 1, the Neanderthal remains were discovered in 1957 during excavations at Shanidar Cave in Iraqi Kurdistan by Ralph Solecki, an American archaeologist and professor emeritus at Columbia University. Read more.

#archaeology #neanderthal #archeology #iraqi kurdistan #shanidar cave

[david8010]

[mmufo]

Caverna permanece indicando que os neandertais tiveram ritos de morte

Novos restos neandertais foram descobertos em um famoso sítio paleolítico no Iraque. Eles são do local da Caverna Shanidar, famoso por fornecer informações notáveis ​​sobre os neandertais. Em particular, as descobertas podem ajudar os pesquisadores a finalmente resolver a controvérsia sobre se os neandertais enterraram ou não seus mortos com rituais. Entre 1951 e 1960, Ralph Solceki e sua equipe investigaram a Caverna Shanidar , nas Montanhas Baraadost, que fica na região do Curdistão no norte do Iraque. A uma profundidade de vários metros, eles encontraram vários restos neandertais naquela data até o Paleolítico Superior. Esta descoberta tornou-se mundialmente famosa porque parecia fornecer evidências de práticas funerárias neandertais, pela primeira vez.

A Caverna Shanidar se tornou um local paleolítico icônico após a descoberta de Ralph Solecki dos restos neandertais. ( Antiquity Publications Ltd ) Segundo a Antiguidade , Solceki havia descoberto o "famoso enterro de flores, chamado por causa de aglomerados de grãos de pólen de sedimentos adjacentes". Parecia ser um enterro intencional com flores, possivelmente indicando práticas mortuárias entre os neandertais e oferecendo evidências de que eram capazes de pensamento simbólico e práticas culturais .

Restos de Neandertais Articulados

Não houve grandes escavações em Shanidar desde 1960, apesar de seu status como "um local paleolítico icônico", de acordo com a Antiquity . Em 2014, o governo regional do Curdistão apoiou uma nova escavação no local, que só começou em 2015. Foi conduzida por uma equipe de várias universidades britânicas líderes. O objetivo do projeto de pesquisa era “colocar as descobertas de Solceki em uma estrutura paleoclimática, paleoecológica e cultural robusta, usando toda a gama de técnicas modernas de ciências arqueológicas”, informa a Antiguidade . Eles não esperavam encontrar mais restos neandertais. Em vez disso, eles encontraram os primeiros restos articulados de um neandertal em mais de uma geração em um depósito de lodo. Eles descobriram parte de um crânio gravemente danificado e alguns ossos do tronco de um membro da espécie humana extinta.

Crânio neandertal escavado . (G. Barker / Antiquity Publications Ltd ) A descoberta foi nomeada Shanidar Z e acredita-se ter 70.000 anos e ser os restos de um homem, possivelmente na casa dos 40 anos. Os restos foram analisados ​​usando uma variedade de técnicas que não estavam disponíveis quando a caverna foi investigada pela primeira vez.

Rituais de enterro dos neandertais?

A descoberta está aumentando o conjunto de evidências de que pelo menos alguns dos neandertais foram enterrados. A Dra. Emma Pomeroy, principal autora do estudo, disse exclusivamente à Ancient Origins que "nós conseguimos fornecer evidências de que uma escavação foi escavada para colocar o novo indivíduo e que existem restos de plantas antigas nos sedimentos ao redor dos ossos" . Parece que um canal existente no fundo da caverna foi aprofundado, algo que exigiria muito esforço.

Localização dos recém-descobertos restos de Neanderthal. (G. Barker / Antiquity Publications Ltd ) Isso indica fortemente que o indivíduo foi intencionalmente enterrado. Uma pedra que possivelmente era um marcador também foi encontrada perto do enterro suspeito. O Dr. Pomeroy disse à Ancient Origins que "também temos a possibilidade de pedras serem usadas para marcar onde os corpos estavam, e para os neandertais retornando várias vezes para depositar seus mortos exatamente no mesmo local".

Possíveis práticas culturais neandertais

Esta é uma evidência que mostra que os neandertais estavam longe de serem homens-macaco primitivos. Isso indica que eles tinham altas habilidades cognitivas. A descoberta pode sugerir que os neandertais tinham algumas crenças espirituais ou mesmo religiosas. Segundo o Dr. Pomeroy, os enterros "poderiam sugerir algum tipo de idéias espirituais, ou pelo menos compaixão por outras pessoas do grupo, cuidar dos mortos e sentimentos de luto ou perda". É impossível determinar se o humano arcaico tinha alguma crença, mas é claro que eles cuidaram de seus mortos.

Reconstrução da possível posição de enterro dos restos mortais do neandertal recentemente encontrados; a pedra atrás da cabeça é mostrada em cinza. (E. Pomeroy / Antiquity Publications Ltd ) Um exame do local, especialmente uma micromorfologia de sedimentos recuperados da caverna , está mostrando aos pesquisadores como os neandertais usavam o local. Isso poderia ajudá-los a entender se o comportamento dos neandertais mudava ao longo do tempo, de maneira semelhante aos seres humanos modernos e isso indicaria um pensamento simbólico de ordem superior. Isso "será importante para entender mais completamente a natureza e a variabilidade de possíveis comportamentos culturais nos neandertais", disse o Dr. Pomeroy à Ancient Origins.

Como os neandertais se tornaram extintos?

A micromorfologia do sedimento também pode contar aos cientistas muito mais sobre o local e o ambiente em que os neandertais moravam . Eles poderiam revelar quais plantas foram usadas no suposto enterro e se eram locais. Se o pólen for encontrado, também poderá revelar quais plantas fazem parte da dieta dos neandertais .

Seção fina de micromorfologia através do recurso de corte que contém os novos restos de Neandertal. (L. Farr / Antiquity Publications Ltd ) O Dr. Pomeroy disse à Ancient Origins que “se formos capazes de isolar o DNA ambiental antigo (eDNA) dos sedimentos, isso pode nos dar uma compreensão maior da variação e variabilidade genética dos neandertais”. Isso pode revelar muita coisa sobre as espécies extintas . Também pode ajudar os pesquisadores a entender por que eles desapareceram cerca de 40.000 anos atrás. Há esperanças reais de que algum DNA possa ser extraído de um osso do crânio, identificado durante uma tomografia computadorizada. Isso poderia nos ajudar a entender se os neandertais no sudoeste da Ásia cruzavam com os humanos anatomicamente modernos quando saíram da África . Há evidências, em outras partes da Eurásia, de que humanos modernos e neandertais se acasalavam. Os resultados do estudo estão publicados em Antiquity, DOI: 10.15184 / aqy.2019.213 Imagem superior: Shanidar Cave; inserção - escavações dos novos restos neandertais. Fonte: Hardscarf / CC BY-SA 4.0 ; R. Lane / Antiquity Publications Ltd. Por Ed Whelan Fonte: Ancient-Origins Read the full article

[theukone-news]

Новые находки из знаменитой пещеры Шанидар говорят в пользу существования погребальных ритуалов у неандертальцев

Новые находки, сделанные в пещере Шанидар в Иракском Курдистане, подтверждают предположение, что у неандертальцев имелись погребальные ритуалы. Останки неандертальцев в пещере Шанидар были обнаружены в 1957 году экспедицией Колумбийского университета под руководством Ральфа Солецки (Ralph Solecki). Археологи в 1957–1961 годах нашли костные останки девяти человек — семерых взрослых и двоих ... Читать далее

#Ирак #polit.ru #исследования #наука #неандертальцы #происшествия

[reygfr]

El "entierro floral" de la Cueva Shanidar De todos los esqueletos encontrados en la cueva, Shanidar IV proporciona la mejor evidencia del ritual de entierro Neanderthal . El esqueleto de un hombre adulto de 30 a 45 años fue descubierto en 1960 por Ralph Solecki, estaba acostado sobre su lado izquierdo en posición fetal parcial. Se reunieron muestras de suelo para analizar el polen en un intento de reconstruir el paleoclima y la historia de la vegetación del lugar. 🔹 ▪️ 🔹 ▪️ 🔹 ▪️ 🔹 ▪️ 🔹 ▪️ 🔹 ▪️ #México #antropologia #newpost #neanderthal #mexico #sony #instagood #xperiaxaultra #homo #nature #humanity #history #tomb #flores #skeleton #paleo #thursday #cave #caveman #prehistory #anthropology #beard #men #museum #muscle #shanidar #ancestors #paleontology #burial (en Museo Nacional de Antropología) https://www.instagram.com/p/BxgzkKjBRzN/?igshid=17p1x441h12h6

#méxico #antropologia #newpost #neanderthal #mexico #sony #instagood #xperiaxaultra #homo #nature #humanity #history #tomb #flores #skeleton #paleo #thursday #cave #caveman #prehistory #anthropology #beard #men #museum #muscle #shanidar #ancestors #paleontology #burial

[raymondmccullers]

Ralph Solecki, Who Found Humanity in Neanderthals, Dies at 101

Dr. Solecki’s archaeological research at Shanidar Cave in Iraq found that Neanderthals cared for the ailing and buried their dead with flowers. Ralph Solecki, Who Found Humanity in Neanderthals, Dies at 101 syndicated from https://triviaqaweb.blogspot.com/

[dikemelgado]

The Importance Of Sympathy Flowers

A demise of a friend or family member is a standout amongst life's most grievous minutes. A period where feelings run high and shared recollections couldn't come close to the gravity of the circumstance. Somebody from their life has gone unto a superior life, and they can never get them back.

Except if you have experienced the death of somebody near you, your mother's abrupt demise, or maybe your closest companion's tumble from life's rope, you can say you can http://daisiesandmore.com/flowers-through-the-letterbox/ envision the torment, yet the truth of the misfortune can never be really felt by any other person other than the nearest family.

Being in their quality amid these attempting times is a standout amongst the best things a companion or a relative can broaden. Encompassing them with genuine sympathies, love and motions of friendship most likely make them feel somewhat less alone.

Amid these occasions, a basic and conventional signal of sending compassion rose courses of action can help facilitate the dim and grave inclination of the burial service parlor. Having blooms would make the room somewhat more splendid, practically like an implicit image of expectation and excellence.

Custom and history have demonstrated that blossoms have had an instrumental influence in an individual's passing and resurrection. An archeological burrow by Dr. Ralph Solecki had closed and discovered that even before Christ was conceived, it has been a training among people to set down blossoms in a burial ground or memorial service.

Blooms are constantly contrasted with the sheer power of life. That in its magnificence and excellence, its development is estimated in interims and conceivable outcomes. Like men, blooms are exposed to results, neglect to give the blossoms enough water and daylight, they will definitely kick the bucket, much the same as men will shrink and fall in the event that they are not nourished and taken minded of.

Give the endowment of expectation and guarantees; send a dispossessed family or companion compassion blossoms amid their most attempting time.

[raimundo-lido]

El ultimo Libro de Raimundo Lido

El ultimo Libro de Raimundo Lido

NOVEDAD: YERBAS Y MIXTURAS ESGAGIARICAS DEL DR. LIDÒ. Editoria viveLibro   Precio 15,60 Euros

La Fitoterapia junto a la Climatoterapia y la Hidroterapia, posiblemente fueron las primeras terapéuticas empleadas por el hombre. El testimonio mas antiguo del uso de las plantas con fines curativos  se lo debemos al arqueólogo Ralph Solecki, que fue quien descubrió en al año 1975  la cueva de Shanidar…

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