#Mucormycosis causes

[mediblog21]

https://www.medyblog.com/post/what-causes-an-ear-infection?utm_source=pocket_saves

#ear infection #symptoms of middle ear infection #acute on chronic sinusitis #mucormycosis curable #causes ear infections in a baby #problems with sinuses #home remedies to relieve sinus pressure #severe sinus ear pain

[randomcollection-o-stuff]

I saw your tags on the mycology tumblr post - I challenge you to scare me with a mushroom fact. I’ve harvested and eaten wild mushrooms a few times, I’ve got my share of guidebooks and worked on research my university did on suede boletes. I’m no spring chicken of the woods but i’m also far from an expert. Scare me with the Deep Mushroom Lore

Woaaaah this got a bit lost and im a bit late, yikes! Anyway it looks like you were focusing on the Basidiomycota phylum which is where a lot of the frontliners and popular ones are. But let's look at the Ascomycota, lots of scary stuff there, lord there's so much but baseline ig is cordyceps which everyone knows about now. They can alter and control insects, a big example is bullet ant behavior to makes them climb as high as they can and bite onto the grass or whatnot to secure themselves until the host dies. They go as high as possible so when the cordycep actually grows the fruitbody the spores can spread as far as possible. Luckily for us human nervous systems are way too complex for the cordyceps....for now.

I mean any parasite that controls it's host is crazy and I 10000% recommend looking into it.

There's another fungus Laboulbeniomycetes that grows exclusively on arthropod exoskeleton.

A lot of fungal diseases make me shudder, there are probably fungal spores in your lungs right now! Pneumocystis is the genus of a yeast that loves your lungs and you guessed it, causes a strain of pneumonia that's very hard to diagnose! Yippee! Mostly because it is very hard to culture.

Let's look at everyone's favorite yeast Conidida. This guy is DIMORPHIC so it can be a yeast or invasive hyphae depending on environmental triggers/conditions, and wouldn't you know it, lives at human body temp. This guy causes yeast infections and the like.

Aspergillus is one that ferments soy products BUT can also cause Apergillosis which can cause an allergic reaction and eventually a fungal ball growth in your lungs, aak!

In a different phylum, Mucoromycota, Mucormycosis is probably my least favorite as the group USUALLY targets your fruits and is that pesky mold. Well another version of it will target the sinuses of immunocompromized diabetics. These are sugar loving molds so uhhhhh, no bueno. I recommend looking at pictures with CAUTION it is gross. The eyes can get really messed up, black lesions can show up on your face really really nasty stuff.

Anyway, Ascomycota cool group, lots of human diseases (many of which are hard to cure because of how close fungi are to animals so we target very specific things in their cells but OOPS resistance is on the rise), have fun with this info ::)

#mycology #ascomycota really popped off on the diseases #ollie rambles #<<<yea no i RAMBLED #but yea apologies for how late this is been reaaaally busy #long post #call me patient zero the way fungi have consumed my mind

[flyonthewallmedstudent]

Rhizopus & Mucor

Both belong under the umbrella term, mucorales. These are bread moulds naturally on fruit and bread that we breathe in and out without much issue particularly if immunocompetent, but in some immunocompromised it causes rapidly fatal and progressive disease: mucormycosis. Due to the weakened immune system.

Spores released either land on skin or into blood via open wounds, then deposit tehre, invading local vessels, thrombosing them and cutting off supply. this rapidly leads to ischaemia and necrosis. Dead tissue.

Now for a Case Report. This one in Frontiers of Medicine. A 35 yo man with diabetes presents with a facial rash, that rapidly progresses to an eschar and ulcer. To note, there are graphic images in the link of his face.

This was initially associated with nasal discharge and epistaxis. Diagnosis was initially a peridontal infection which did not resolve with standard antibiotics for this, similarly he was next diagnosed with uncomplicated, stock standard cellulitis (usually staph or strep pyogenes caused). Both treatments failed.

eventually he was diagnosed with mucormycosis, but by then he had extensive damage to his face, the subcut tissues, muscles and facial bones. He also had significant weight loss, fevers, splenomegaly and thrombosis.

To muddy the waters, he was concurrently diagnosed with a T cell lymphoma but the authors also picked up Rhizopus.

What is Rhizopus? (also related to mucor, another mucorales) It's a fungi, more specifically an opportunistic pathogen commonly associated with diabetics (esp poorly controlled) and the immunocompromised (in particular solid organ transplants, see further case report in resources below, HIV, malnutrition, haematological malignancies - eg leukaemias).

Also associated with steroid use, form of immunosuppression so has been seen in severe COVID patients requiring dexamethasone (Rare though).

As a mould it likes the acidotic states in DKA and iron, so any iron overload states as well.

Why poorly controlled diabetics - it becomes an immunocormposed state in and of itself. The sugars suppress local inflammatory responses like neutrophil chemotaxis or phagocytosis etc. You can however, get chronic forms too. So don't rule it out if it's not wildly acute. These occur over weeks, slowly. Considering it's a mould, it's particularly "prolific" in hot weather and warm/hot climates.

Classically it is an infection that affects the face, parasinuses, nose and even the brain. You'll often hear the term rhinocerebral with it.

Consider it if you see discolouration around the face and definitely if you see a necrotic eschar. Actually, any black spots, fevers, rash, call ID urgently. Unsurprisingly, it is also called the black fungus.

Is also possible to have it affect the skin (particularly in IVDU and in burns), lungs and GI (more rare). IN lung involvement symptoms are typical for the organ - SOB, fevers, chest pain, haemoptysis. in GI: nausea/vomiting/GIB.

Thrombosis can occur as a complication as it invades the blood vessels.

In brain involvement from disseminated disease, expect confusion and altered state if not reduced GCS.

It's also been recently featured in the fungi podcast by the Curbsiders. Which is worth a listen.

It's filamentous and has hyphae.

You'll also hear the term mucormycosis = which just refers to the disease process that is rapidly fatal. Mortality is 30-70% of rhinocerebral cases, 90% in disseminated and 100% in AIDs --numbers from StatPearls. Survival improves with antifungals and surgery to 70%.

Early diagnosis and intervention is essential, as illustrated in the case report above. but is rare, so not infrequently missed.

It's also missed, as early symptoms are very non specific depending on how it affects the host. You can simply get lethargy, headache and eye pain. Blurry vision too, or simply epistaxis and rhinorrhoea.

Image from Wiki

Now that you know the clinical presentation and the increased risk groups to think of this diagnosis in,

How do you confirm your suspicions?

investigations:

It's associated with neutropaenic states and one hypothesis is acidosis in diabetics with poorly managed sugars (so really unwell). No serology (as compared to other bugs), would come up in fungal cultures and on tissue biopsy. key words on biopsy: Ribbon like hyphae branching at 90 degree angles.

Also from wiki, that suggests it looks like Moose antlers.

Pathologists will also note or look for necrosis and haemorrhage.

Blood cultures rarely pick up it, so consider it if they're unwell and culture negative.

On imaging - gold standard in rhino cerebral is MRI but CT is most accessible and fast. Looking for signs of blood vessel invasion and reverse halo or less specific halo sign.

Reverse halo per radiopaedia: ground glass within a consolidated crescent shape.

From radiopaedia:

Okay, this sounds both difficult to pick up and investigate. No magical PCR or serology.

Pro tip from stat pearls: just maintain a high index of suspicion in anyone with increased risk or risk factors. Biopsy tissue quickly particularly if necrosis is apparent. Early detection method is unsurprisngly CT --> we all seem to have a low threshold for this, but looking for hyperdensity (mucosal thickening) and erosion of the facial bones.

Also essential is the age old adage that most clinicians follow --> empirical therapy for the most common organisms, close monitoring/observations. then failing that, broaden the differentials and keep investigating or altering treatment quickly.

Treatment:

The strong stuff. Liposomal Amphotericin B for 4-6 weeks (the long duration) as it is highly invasive/progressive. Alternatives; itraconazole.

You may also hear of hyperbaric O2 therapy, which aids the neutrophils to kill the fungi. Also in stat pearls

Surgical debridement after antifungal therapy with washout depending on extent of damage.

Sources used for post:

Case reports, wiki and radiopaedia as above And largely Statpearls --> there is much more further detail and more to read on differentials and complications.

I'll try to use free resources as much as possible.

Another Case Reports of interest include: NEJM - lengthy one reminding all to consider this diagnosis in an unexplained rash in an immunocompromised host.

#infectious diseases #mucorales #mucor #rhizopus #mucormycosis #medblr

[miraridoctor]

The ear can fall victim to a variety of infections - bacterial, viral, and fungal alike. But few are as rapid, invasive, and deadly as the fungal culprit mucormycosis. While rare, mucormycosis of the ear can strike swiftly in vulnerable groups, destr... #Mirari #MirariDoctor #MirariColdPlasma #ColdPlasma

[med4lif3]

Mucormycosis (research post)

Mucormycosis is also known as ‘black fungus’ and it is a very serious and rare fungal infection

How is it caused?: 

Mucormycetes are a type of mold that is present in our environment, usually in soil and organic matter in the process of decay (i.e compost).

Usually coming into contact with this type of mold is harmless, however mucormycosis typically presents in people with compromised immune systems. 

There are five different types of mucormycosis: 

Pulmonary mucormycosis (Infection of the lung)

Gastrointestinal mucormycosis (Infection of the GI tract)

Cutaneous mucormycosis (Infection of the skin)

Disseminated mucormycosis (Infection spread through the bloodstream)

Symptoms: The symptoms may vary for each type of mucormycosis however it generally presents as a respiratory or skin infection

Fever

Headache

Cough

Nasal congestion

Sinus pain

Swelling

Redness

Blisters

Ulcers

Blackened skin tissue

Treatment:

Mucormycosis is treated with a prescription antifungal medication, and is usually given intravenously or orally. The primary medication given is isavuconazole. However amphotericin B or posaconazole can also be administered depending on the patient's requirements.

___

Note: Second post and all I can say is....wow. This was a bit scary to think about how doing something as normal as like hanging around in a park or playing in the grass and soil could lead to something so detrimental, stay safe everyone. Here's another badly made meme that I couldn't stop laughing at for some reason- and I hope you all have an amazing day!

#mucormycosis #health #medicine #disease #research #public health #information

[harmeet-saggi]

[allaboutskinwellbeing]

Dr. Abhishek Kumar Sinha, Dermatologist in Patna- Unmasking the Most Serious Fungal Infection-

Title: Unmasking the Most Serious Fungal Infection: Insights from Dr. Abhishek Kumar Sinha, Dermatologist in Patna

Fungal infections come in various forms, and while most are relatively mild and treatable, some can pose serious health risks. Dr. Abhishek Kumar Sinha, a respected dermatologist in Patna, aims to create awareness among the general population about the most serious fungal infection.

One of the most alarming fungal infections is invasive aspergillosis, caused by the Aspergillus species. This infection primarily affects individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or organ transplant recipients. Invasive aspergillosis can be life-threatening, as it invades the lungs and can spread to other organs, leading to severe respiratory distress and systemic complications.

Another serious fungal infection is mucormycosis, often referred to as the "black fungus." It can occur in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes, compromised immune systems, or those who have recently recovered from COVID-19. Mucormycosis rapidly spreads through the bloodstream, causing tissue necrosis and damage to vital organs.

Cryptococcal meningitis is also a severe fungal infection, mainly affecting individuals with advanced HIV/AIDS. It invades the central nervous system and can lead to life-threatening neurological complications.

While these infections are indeed serious, it's crucial to remember that prompt diagnosis and appropriate medical intervention can significantly improve the chances of recovery. If you or a loved one experience symptoms such as persistent fever, severe headache, breathing difficulties, or changes in mental status, seek immediate medical attention.

In conclusion, the most serious fungal infections often target individuals with weakened immune systems. Awareness of these infections and early medical intervention are essential for better outcomes. Consult with a healthcare professional like Dr. Abhishek Kumar Sinha for accurate diagnosis and treatment if you suspect a severe fungal infection.

[quttainah-shaab]

How to Treat & Prevent Fungal Infections in Humid Weather

In Kuwait, where the humid weather can foster the establishment spread of fungal diseases, it is essential to be aware of the risks posed by conditions like athlete's foot, ringworm, and yeast infections.  

Fungi thrive in warm, damp environments, making it crucial for individuals to take proper precautions when faced with these common ailments.  

If you experience any symptoms or concerns related to fungal infections, it is advisable to visit a reputable dermatology clinic in Kuwait to receive expert care and guidance for managing these conditions effectively.  

In this post, we will talk about fungal infections and present some helpful strategies for preventing your skin from fungus in humid conditions.  

What are Fungal Infections?  

Fungal infections, often known as mycosis, are illnesses caused by fungi (yeast or mold).  

Fungal infections commonly occur on the skin or nails, but fungi (plural of fungus) can also lead to infections in various parts of your body, including the mouth, throat, lungs, urinary tract, and other regions.  

Types, Symptoms, and Causes of Fungal Infections 

1. Athlete's Foot 

Symptoms: Itchy, red, and scaly skin between toes  

Causes: Fungi called dermatophytes, often found in warm, moist environments like public showers or swimming pools. 

2. Yeast Infections  

Symptoms: Vaginal itching and discharge  

Causes: Candida albicans, a type of yeast that naturally resides in the body and can overgrow in certain conditions. 

3. Ringworm 

Symptoms: Circular, red, and itchy patches on skin 

Causes: Dermatophytes, similar to those causing athlete's foot, transmitted through contact with an infected person. 

4. Jock Itch  

Symptoms: Itchy and red groin area  

Causes: Dermatophytes, commonly transmitted through contact with contaminated objects or infected individuals. 

5. Aspergillosis 

Symptoms: Fever, cough, and shortness of breath 

Causes: Inhalation of Aspergillus spores found in the environment, especially affecting those with weak immune systems. 

6. Histoplasmosis  

Symptoms: Flu-like symptoms, chest pain, and joint pain 

Causes: Inhalation of Histoplasma capsulatum spores found in soil enriched with bird or bat droppings. 

7. Mucormycosis 

Symptoms: Facial pain, black lesions on nasal bridge 

Causes: Inhalation of Mucorales fungal spores commonly found in soil and decaying organic matter. 

8. Blastomycosis 

Symptoms: Fever, cough, and muscle aches 

Causes: Inhalation of Blastomyces dermatitidis spores found in soil enriched with decomposing organic materials. 

The Most Common Risk Factors for Fungal Infections  

Living in hot and humid regions, sweating excessively, or wearing moist clothing can all lead to the development of fungal infections.  

Fungal infections can be caused by weakened immunity due to underlying disorders such as diabetes, HIV, cancer, etc.  

Living in a dirty environment and failing to maintain personal hygiene might lead to fungal diseases.  

Wearing dirty garments, such as soiled socks and innerwear, can lead to fungal infections.  

Tight clothing can create sweat, which provides the required moisture for fungus to develop quickly.  

Obesity can result in fungal infections. Moisture can be trapped in skin creases, providing a breeding habitat for fungus.  

Stress can further erode our immunity, leading to fungal infections.  

Hormonal changes can cause vaginal infections during pregnancy.  

Practical Tips for Protecting Your Skin Against Fungal Infections  

1. Maintain clean, dry skin  

To avoid fungal infections, maintaining excellent cleanliness is essential.  

Cleanse your skin thoroughly, paying specific attention to regions like your feet, groin, and armpits prone to sweat collection.  

Dry these areas entirely after showering or exercising to avoid moisture accumulation.  

If you notice any unusual skin conditions or persistent issues, its essential to seek advice from a qualified skin doctor in Kuwait to get a proper diagnosis and treatment  

2. Put on breathable garments  

Choose lightweight, breathable textiles like cotton or linen that promote air circulation and absorb sweat.  

Avoid wearing clothing that is too tight and traps moisture against the skin since this creates an excellent habitat for fungus to develop.  

3. Make use of antifungal powders  

Antifungal powders can help absorb moisture and suppress fungus development, especially in sweaty areas.  

Pay specific care to your feet, as they are prone to ailments such as athlete's foot. 

Sprinkle antifungal powder on your shoes and socks to keep your feet dry and clear of fungal diseases.  

4. Avoid walking barefoot in public places  

Fungal infections are quickly disseminated by contact with contaminated surfaces, such as public showers, swimming pools, and changing rooms.  

Wear flip-flops or water-resistant sandals whenever possible in these areas to reduce direct contact and the potential of developing fungus.  

5. Avoid sharing personal items  

Sharing personal items such as towels, clothing, or shoes may facilitate the fungus spread.  

To avoid cross-contamination, use only your personal items and do not give them to anybody else, not even close relatives.  

6. Look for prompt treatments  

It is essential to get medical attention as soon as you suspect a fungal infection or see signs on your skin, such as redness, itching, or a rash.  

Seek therapy from a certified skin doctor in Kuwait. Fungal skin lesions should be carefully recognized and treated accordingly.  

Adherence to the suggested treatment plan is essential for optimal recovery.  

Way Forward  

Fungal infections are more common in humid regions, but following these measures and employing effective treatment procedures may dramatically reduce your chances of acquiring or spreading such diseases.  

Always keep your skin dry, practice good hygiene, and seek expert advice from a dermatology clinic in Kuwait when required.  

Even in humid conditions, you may live comfortably and healthily by taking preventive precautions.  

If you experience any of these symptoms and want to inquire about them, speak to our dermatologists at Quttainah Medical Center in Kuwait to learn more.   

#medical center in kuwait #medical hospital #dermatology clinic in kuwait #dermatology expert

[timesofpharma]

Fungal infections and drugs for treatment

Detail information about different fungal infections and causative species and drug treatments for Aspergillosis, Blastomycosis, Candidiasis, Chromoblastomycosis, Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever), Cryptococcosis, Dermatophytosis, Fusariosis, Histoplasmosis, Mucormycosis (Zygomycosis), Paracoccidioidomycosis, Pneumocystis pneumonia Sporotrichosis, Tinea (Pityriasis)…

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#Different types of Fungal infections #Fungal infections and drugs for treatment

[creepymorgue]

A rare case of mucormycosis with extensive skin necrosis. Surgery is a rare (0.43 to 1.7 cases per million per year) invasive fungal infection caused by various opportunistic fungi of the Mucoraceae family.

Considered 100% fatal in 1960, prior to the introduction of Amphotericin, mortality today ranges from 30-90% of all cases. Timely diagnosis is the most important aspect to improve patient outcomes. Along with antifungal therapy, radical surgical debridement is urgently needed to eradicate this fungus. The patient, an uncontrolled diabetic, had 10 days of buccal redness progressing to edema and loss of vision after 7 days.

Diagnosis was made on arrival by skin biopsy. Left orbital exenteration was performed, left full facial thickness was performed, the periosteum was sent for transoperative pathology analysis and was found to have no bone involvement. A large free flap was required to close the defect, so the doctors took a 22x16 cm ALT (Antero Lateral Thigh) free flap and anastomosed it to the temporal artery. The final result is shown in the last two photos.

[pathkindlab]

Black Fungus: All You Need To Know

Commonly referred to as the Black Fungus, Mucormycosis is a rare fungal disease that comes from a mold that grows on decaying and rotting organic matter. Mucormycetes is the fungal mold that causes the infection and when a person is exposed to this, it affects the sinus and the eye region. The infection mainly affects those whose immune system is already weak or are under medication. The infection spreads when the body is not strong enough to fight the illness on its own.

#BlackFungus #Mucormycosis #fungalinfection

[miraridoctor]

Mucormycosis is an aggressive and highly fatal fungal infection that has been increasingly recognized in severely immunocompromised patients. This complex disease requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to improve outcomes. Interpreting imaging and d... #Mirari #MirariDoctor #MirariColdPlasma #ColdPlasma

[mittaldentalclinic]

Zygomatic dental implant treatment for new jaw and teeth after post covid black fungus surgery of upper jaw at Mittal Dental Clinic, Jaipur, India.

Zygomatic dental implants can be used to give fixed new , artificial jaw and teeth to those patients who have unfortunately lost their upper jaw and teeth after black fungus ( mucormycosis) surgery of upper jaw.

Mittal dental clinic, Jaipur, India specializes in rehabilitating patients after Post covid Mucormycosis surgery of jaw with zyagomatic implant in india supported fixed artificial jaw and teeth.

Here is a case report of a poor patient who lost her right side of upper jaw and teeth after post covid mucormycosis ( black fungus) operation. Her jaw was replaced with beautiful fixed prosthesis on Zygomatic implants at Mittal Dental Clinic, Jaipur

Tips for Finding the Best Emergency Dental Clinic in Jaipur

A dental emergency can strike anytime, but when it does strike, it’s always better to see a specialist. The best way to find the best dental clinic in Jaipur is by asking for recommendations from people you know.

It’s not easy to choose the right dentist. Many of us are wary of dentists because of past experiences – either they couldn’t get us numb enough or they told us that we needed many more procedures than what we had anticipated or they caused immense pain by drilling into our teeth.

For More Info: Painless tooth extraction

Dental implant treatment

[harmeet-saggi]

[redcliffelabs9]

Mucormycosis or Black Fungus: Symptoms and Treatment

Symptoms of black fungus  or Mucormycosis vary by geography. Organs impacted include skin, eyes, lungs, and sinuses. Lethal untreated. Black fungus causes chest pain, difficulty breathing, fever, bloody coughing, paralysis, and blindness. Dust or soil mould spores infect individuals. Infection can result from skin injury. Poor immune system raises illness risk. Fungus invasion. Mucormycosis symptoms might delay diagnosis by days or weeks. Early diagnosis prevents further damage. Mucormycosis damages the lungs. Mouth, eye, and other ailments affect others. Immediately treat this infection.

#symptoms of black fungus

[shubhi01]

Mucormycosis (Black Fungus) And COVID 19.

Catastrophic second wave of COVID 19 has left millions of people infected and dead. India is experiencing the world’s worst outbreak with not only rising COVID cases but also an alarming upsurge in a rare and potentially life-threatening fungal infection, Mucormycosis.

What is Mucormycosis?

According to CDC, Mucormycosis (black fungus) is a serious and rare fungal infection caused by a group of molds called mucormycetes. These fungi live in the environment, particularly in soil and in decaying organic matter, such as fruits, vegetables, leaves, compost piles, or rotten wood.People can contract mucormycosis by coming in contact with the fungal spores in the environment. For example, by inhalation of spores, by swallowing spores. Additionally, mucormycosisis likely to develop on the skin when fungus enters the skin via scrape, cut, burn, or any other type of skin trauma or injury.

How is mucormycosis related to COVID 19?

This rare fungal infection usually affects people who suffer from long-term health issues and/or take medications that lower immunity. Mucormyosis can be life-threatening in diabetics and immunocompromised individuals, such as recipients of organ or stem transplants, long-term usage of steroids, post-surgery, and cancer.

When diabetes is poorly controlled, and blood sugar is high the tissues become relatively acidic, it creates a suitable condition for Mucorales fungi to grow. This has been identified as a risk factor for mucormycosis in India.  People with diabetes and obesity are expected to develop more severe Covid-19 infections. This means they’re more likely to receive corticosteroids, which are frequently used to treat Covid-19. But corticosteroids together with diabetes increase the risk of mucormycosis. Meanwhile, coronavirus can damage airway tissue and blood vessels, which could also increase susceptibility to fungal infection.

Moreover, damaged lungs and suppressed immune system as seen in the case of COVID-positive patients make sinuses and nose the most common site of mucormycosis manifestation. From there it can spread to the eyes, leading to blindness, or the brain, causing headaches, seizures, stroke, and even death in certain cases. A recent study showed 94% of people infected with mucormycosis had diabetes and poorly controlled diabetes in 67% people.

Furthermore, long-term ventilation reduces immunity and there are speculations of the fungus being transmitted by the humidifier water being given along with oxygen.

Is it contagious?

No, it’s not. It does not spread from one person to another.

Image: Twitter/@drharshvardhan

What are the symptoms?

You must visit your doctor if you experience the following symptoms;

Cough

Shortness of breath

fever

headache

nasal congestion, discharge.

sinus pain

blackened skin tissue

blisters

redness and swelling

ulcers

one side facial pain

loosening of teeth

blackish discoloration over the bridge of the nose

How is mucormycosis treated?

This includes antifungal medication, controlling blood sugar, urgent removal of dead tissue.

The outcome is poor in many patients affected with mucormyosis. Nearly half of the patients affected will die and many will sustain permanent damage to their health.

Can we prevent mucormycosis?

Yes, mucormycosis can be prevented. Vaccination can help, it will protect from infection, which in turn will protect immunity. A strong immunity system can keep mucrmycosis at bay. Awareness must be created regarding fungal infections,  diagnose them early, along with a focus on controlling diabetes and using corticosteroids wisely.

Dr. Rahul Sawant is one of the Best Cardiologist in Pune. He is Interventional Cardiologist, MBBS, MD (Med) Pune, MRCP London, CCT Cardiology Cambridge UK. He is Director of Hridaymitra Cardia Clinic, Pune. Hridaymitra Cardia Clinic of excellence in Pune for heart care and you will discover well trained, and topmost best cardiologist in Pune.

#BestCardiologistinPune #cardiologistinpune