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thorsenmark · 7 months

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Hello, Carlsbad Caverns National Park! by Mark Stevens Via Flickr: Natural Entrance Trail-13 A view looking down and to the east while walking the path on the Natural Entrance Trail in Carlsbad Caverns National Park. My thinking in composing this image was to capture the look of the man-made walking path as it led into the depths of the cavern. All around would be the cliff wall and areas caught in reflected sunlight, but there would be that one “hole” leading into the darkness below.

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thepastisalreadywritten · 5 months

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Visitors admire the newly restored Edicule on 21 March 2017. The floor beneath the shrine is at risk of structural failure, scientists warn.

📷: Oded Balilty, AP for National Geographic

By Kristin Romey

8 September 2023

Over the centuries, Jerusalem’s Church of the Holy Sepulchre has suffered violent attacks, fires, and earthquakes.

It was totally destroyed in 1009 and subsequently rebuilt, leading modern scholars to question whether it could possibly be the site identified as the burial place of Christ by a delegation sent from Rome some 17 centuries ago.

The results of scientific tests provided to National Geographic appear to confirm that the remains of a limestone cave enshrined within the church are indeed remnants of the tomb located by the ancient Romans.

Mortar sampled from between the original limestone surface of the tomb and a marble slab that covers it has been dated to around A.D. 345.

According to historical accounts, the tomb was discovered by the Romans and enshrined around 326.

Until now, the earliest architectural evidence found in and around the tomb complex dated to the Crusader period, making it no older than 1,000 years.

While it is archaeologically impossible to say that the tomb is the burial site of an individual Jew known as Jesus of Nazareth, who according to New Testament accounts was crucified in Jerusalem in 30 or 33, new dating results put the original construction of today's tomb complex securely in the time of Constantine, Rome's first Christian emperor.

The tomb was opened for the first time in centuries in October 2016, when the shrine that encloses the tomb, known as the Edicule, underwent a significant restoration by an interdisciplinary team from the National Technical University of Athens.

People line up to visit the renovated Edicule, the shrine that houses what is believed to be the tomb of Christ.

📷: Oded Balilty, AP for National Geographic

Several samples of mortar from different locations within the Edicule were taken at that time for dating, and the results were recently provided to National Geographic by Chief Scientific Supervisor Antonia Moropoulou, who directed the Edicule restoration project.

When Constantine's representatives arrived in Jerusalem around 325 to locate the tomb, they were allegedly pointed to a Roman temple built some 200 years earlier.

The Roman temple was razed and excavations beneath it revealed a tomb hewn from a limestone cave.

The top of the cave was sheared off to expose the interior of the tomb, and the Edicule was built around it.

A feature of the tomb is a long shelf, or "burial bed," which, according to tradition, was where the body of Jesus Christ was laid out following crucifixion.

Such shelves and niches, hewn from limestone caves, are a common feature in tombs of wealthy 1st-century Jerusalem Jews.

The marble cladding that covers the "burial bed" is believed to have been installed in 1555 at the latest, and most likely was present since the mid-1300s, according to pilgrim accounts.

When the tomb was opened on the night of 26 October 2016, scientists were surprised by what they found beneath the marble cladding: an older, broken marble slab incised with a cross, resting directly atop the original limestone surface of the "burial bed."

A conservator cleans the surface of the stone slab venerated as the final resting place of Jesus Christ.

📷: Oded Balilty, AP for National Geographic

Some researchers speculated that this older slab may have been laid down in the Crusader period, while others offered an earlier date, suggesting that it may have already been in place and broken when the church was destroyed in 1009.

No one, however, was ready to claim that this might be the first physical evidence for the earliest Roman shrine on the site.

The new test results, which reveal the lower slab was most likely mortared in place in the mid-fourth century under the orders of Emperor Constantine, come as a welcome surprise to those who study the history of the sacred monument.

"Obviously, that date is spot-on for whatever Constantine did," says archaeologist Martin Biddle, who published a seminal study on the history of the tomb in 1999. "That's very remarkable."

During their year-long restoration of the Edicule, the scientists were also able to determine that a significant amount of the burial cave remains enclosed within the walls of the shrine.

Mortar samples taken from remains of the southern wall of the cave were dated to 335 and 1570, which provide additional evidence for construction works from the Roman period, as well as a documented 16th-century restoration.

Franciscan priests visit the traditional site of Jesus' tomb during its renovation in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

📷: Oded Balilty, AP for National Geographic

Mortar taken from the tomb entrance has been dated to the 11th century and is consistent with the reconstruction of the Edicule following its destruction in 1009.

"It is interesting how [these] mortars not only provide evidence for the earliest shrine on the site but also confirm the historical construction sequence of the Edicule," Moropoulou observes.

The mortar samples were independently dated at two separate labs using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), a technique that determines when quartz sediment was most recently exposed to light.

The scientific results were published by Moropoulou and her team in 2018 issue of the Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.

NOTE: This article was originally published on 28 November 2017 and updated to reflect the publication of the journal article on the dating of the mortar.

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trodlytechlabspvtltd · 7 months

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Baratang Island, Mud Volcano & Limestone Caves Tour

#baratang #travel #limestone cave #andaman #andaman and nicobar islands

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yuko-a7 · 7 months

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山口旅行⑤

2023.11.1

約20年前、なぜ旅行先に山口県を選んだかというと、アニメ・サザエさんのオープニングで、サザエさんが秋吉台を訪れているのを見て、『いつか実風景を見てみたい！』と憧れていたからなんです（笑）

今回は、夏の長さもあってか草が多い気もしましたが、すごい風景に変わりありません！

そして地下深くには秋芳洞が。日本にもこんな不思議な場所があって、見ているのはそのごく一部かと思うとワクワクします♪

#trip #travel #yamaguchi prefecture #Mine City #山口県 #秋吉台 #秋芳洞 #Akiyoshidai #Akiyoshido Cave #limestone cave #津和野、錦帯橋にもいつか行ってみたい！

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mikasuzuki · 10 months

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#photo #photograph #photography #pentax #nature #nature photo #nature photograph #nature photography #moss #green #cave #limestone #limestone cave

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shiorihayashi · 11 months

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#limestone cave

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nocinovae · 6 months

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Minecraft feels like it doesn’t know what to do for big updates any more so they’re doing like small miscellaneous updates collected together. I wish they’d move on from trying to give them a theme bc I feel like that’s just confusing.

One thing I wish they’d do is do updates from time to time and go back and add pieces to old update. Like maybe add more fish or tree types.

Specifically what made me have this thought is that I’d love if they’d add more to the geodes. Like the amethysts are lovely but I’d love if there was a whole range of crystals to find in geodes!! I feel like that’s along the line of the archaeological stuff they’ve done recently! Digging into the earth for history and stuff!

Also if they ever do a forest update I’d freak out. I’d love if they revamped their nature bc I feel like that part of the over world specifically has been the same since the beginning era of minecraft. Like ocean, nether, caves, villages, NOW FOREST. And end.

Feels like natural progression of their universe growing! And I like feeling like the updates can have a “story” like aspect to me. Especially bc worldbuilding. Favorite idea when it comes to minecraft lore

#mineblr #Minecraft #Minecraft game development #Minecraft updates #minecraft lore #minecraft worldbuilding #minecraft caves #minecraft crystals #ROCKS ROCKS AND MORE ROCKS #like if they could add to the andesite granite diorite thing too with like limestone and other minerals #MINERAL ROCK UPDATE #GEOLOGY UPDATE #they could add like volcanic and igneous rocks to the nether??? l #I like this idea very very much #minecraft and game development are my special interests #and worldbuilding but that’s like a part of those and my storytelling spins #I feel like there’s some things in minecraft that people love to add thru mods that mods shouldn’t be necessary for #like more biomes! I get biome design or unique biomes but give plains and forests more flavor!#or forest animals! OR BUGS ADD BUGS #I get mods for dungeons or cute decoration but simple worldbuilding shouldn’t need mods #I’m getting frustrated with being dissatisfied with vanilla minecraft when all I want are more variability to blocks and biome expansion!#often times mods are too complex and add too much over vanilla minecraft when I like vanilla minecraft #it’s just after all this time especially with cave and cliffs added the nature feels behind and too simple

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oceaniatropics · 3 months

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cave diving at Hell's Hole, Mount Gambier, South Australia

#tropical #cave diving #cenote #sinkholes #South Australia #Mount Gambier #scubadiving #snorkelling #australia #nature #limestone coast #volcanic

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thesilicontribesman · 1 year

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'White Scar Caves', Yorkshire Dales

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godshideouscreation · 1 year

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#me #godshideouscreation #caves #bristol caverns #limestone caverns #nature

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penroseparticle · 8 months

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I love when people discover that great lakes midwest states are basically Swiss cheese. Like it's not Michigan but someone I knew in Indiana growing up had to move because their house fell into a sinkhole

#its all limestone caves and porous sediment babe

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thorsenmark · 1 year

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Seemingly Unearthly Formations Encountered (Carlsbad Caverns National Park) by Mark Stevens Via Flickr: Seemingly Unearthly Formations Encountered. Natural Entrance Trail-30 An image captured while walking the Natural Entrance Trail in Carlsbad Caverns National Park with a view towards an amazing display of underground formations.

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quartergremlin · 7 months

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Hello! Hope you are having a good day ✨. If you don't mind, I have been curious about Yuichi's family political drama 👁️ and what it means. The Usagi tree post is kinda old now and it's okay if you don't answer.

Thank you! I have Identified the Souce of my random chest pains and its stupid and silly, but less upsetting. I hope you are having a good one! \(@^0^@)/

okay so. usagi family tree post, the meme

im actually really happy that someone's excited about that! but

Short answer: I cannot tell you about it 😞 its spoilers 😔 Good news! I have all the arcs plotted out (on paper! not just in my head!) if you'd like to guess or hypothesize or what have you I can tell you that I did. very briefly. skim the wikis about yuichi/usagi/miyamoto and integrate some elements in those stories into mine.

Longer answer(?): the original plan was to get through the main revelations of Portal Baby by, like, December, and then start making the Yuichi story (a more polished, properly scripted, and potentially sometimes in color project) in the new year. Portal Baby was supposed to be practice. getting the characters right, their shapes and voices. practicing comic-making overall - figuring out what kind of effort I could maintain over an extended amount of time, etc etc. and then after I started hauling ass on the Yuichi story, I could make cute little comics in the portal baby world for fun whenever I pleased.

Then Clarification happened. Whoops!

I'm learning a lot! and i enjoy making it! It is exactly what I want to do with Portal Baby later on! but it is throwing a super-powered wrench in my carefully cultivated schedule to, yknow. actually get to yuichi's family drama.

uh but whatever i say about yuichi in clarification and portal baby is canon for my version of his character (most likely) so...

#clarification is to me like jesus egg is to mikey #and also jesus egg is to me #oh i very much still have brain worms about yuichi don't worry #hes in there right along side my furious thoughts about limestone cave systems and giant granite slabs in japan #askbox #rabbit family matters #< is the the tag for that #but i used it kind of sporatically so uh if you look in the archive in august #if any of yall are interested in that #SORRY THIS IS KIND OF SUPER LONG

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summerartist · 9 months

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Photos from recent cavern escapades

#caves #cavern photos #caverns #limestone #ancient rocks #summerartist's photos tag

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madbirdwoman · 5 months

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#nature #cave #limestone #column #stalagmites #stalactites #mitchelstown caves

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unproduciblesmackdown · 1 year

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Mordecai probably lives in an apartment or something, but my first thought when you brought up the Caves on that post was that he won’t tell us because he’s been living in the Caves the Whole Time. Even tho he’d hate the slime mold.

yeah a Whole Damn House would be a bit much, and probably not as useful for the nightly bootlegging related goings on: see, freckle needing to stand around waiting for a ride before he can go shoot people. whereas mordecai can show up to the maribel hotel on foot, or at least have started out somewhere he could get a cab or whatever....and this is probably the closest to any relevant Living Situation Glimpses

someplace with a bed, and one with an art deco headboard....a modern style, so it's neither Antique nor unfancy enough to have less identifiable stylings at all. like just by guessing surely he lives in some apartment that's unassuming enough to live unassumingly in, with whatever alias, so something large & fancy would be unhelpful....plus if he's gonna be fairly rigorous in his domestic upkeep, it wouldn't really help to have a huge place, even if for the same reasons it wouldn't be too small (or old or otherwise unpleasant; hard no to slime mold, slime, or mold....) and like re: the rotating aliases, maybe he moves places fairly regularly for good measure, been at this like, a decade....tl;dr probably has some apartment/s that's roomy but not huge, nice but not Fancy fancy, at the nexus of practicality, resources, and preferences

but it's important to think about "what if mordecai's been living in the caves the whole time" b/c that's funny lmao

#hey just now appreciating; closest we get to a t-shirt #thank you fashion shifts that said shirts originally worn as Underthings are now just for whenever: tees; tanks. i.e. ideals lol #and we do get tank top mordecai in all his ''officially debuting standing in the woods in underwear b/c he didn't parse Joking'' go off #this and that [morning routine] How are showers taken in the lackadaisy-verse? They are taken...in stride.#that one makes me laugh throughout. perfect quotidian suffering....right yeah lol ''the mundane tortures of existence''#mordecai and freckle as parallel [''unsociable'' guy constantly w/head in hands; sometimes w/gun in hands] is also always powerful & funny #perfect that they do meet over brunch & immediately; continuously; independently decline to interact w/each other at all #the power of distinctive characters in that there's no possible group/combo's interactions that would not be a delight #Living In The Caves could be a party if it was like given a real setup with furnishings and shit. depending....#i don't know anything about the environment of st. louis limestone caves #but yeah between potential Organisms & Dampness & the difficulty of having even your personal cave chamber be decidedly Clean....#i don't think he'd choose to be secretly living in the caves this whole time. sure: who would; yet he's truly a Least Likely contender lol #like rocky probably doesnt only to keep up enough of Any ''i totally have an apartment or smthng too'' appearances. a More Likely figure lo #lackadaisy #but if you move apartments do you have to move your art deco bed....however it's possible a) such furnishings come with the room #and b) he doesn't actually move around that much and c) if he does he just gets a whole new art deco bed like to hell with it #the speakeasy hitman's styled bed headboard biannual tax; as they say #looking up the history of the household vacuum. indeed the twenties are the prime time for the true onset / availability of that

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