#Faraday instability | Explore Tumblr Posts and Blogs

disorderofsevenstars · 4 years

Photo

Dual-Element Astrology - Part 1 [2020]

Part 2

Part 3

I. THE WATER SIGNS

CANCER (Cardinal): Water / Earth Major Arcana: 18. The Moon (Lunar) Chakra: Third Eye Famous Cancers: Roald Amundsen, Princess Diana, Frida Kahlo, Helen Keller, Nelson Mandela Reverse: CAPRICORN (Earth / Water) Inverse: SAGITTARIUS (Fire / Air) Theme: Protection. Caution: Unhealthy attachment.

SCORPIO (Fixed): Water / Fire Major Arcana: 15. The Devil (Water), 16. The Tower (Fire) Chakra: Crown Famous Scorpios: Marie Curie, Neil Gaiman, Charles Manson, Terence McKenna, Sylvia Plath Reverse: LEO (Fire / Water) Inverse: LEO (Fire / Water) Theme: Transformation. Caution: Self-sabotage.

PISCES (Mutable): Water / Air Major Arcana: 0. The Fool (Void), 2. The High Priestess (Water) Chakra: Third Eye Famous Pisceans: Karen Carpenter, Kurt Cobain, Jean Harlow, Steve Irwin, Steve Jobs Reverse: AQUARIUS (Air / Water) Inverse: ARIES (Fire / Earth) Theme: Acceptance. Caution: Blind faith.

II. THE EARTH SIGNS

CAPRICORN (Cardinal): Earth / Water Major Arcana: 9. The Hermit (Lunar), 17. The Star (Earth) Chakra: Root Famous Capricorns: Jeff Bezos, Marlene Dietrich, Howard Hughes, Michelle Obama, J.R.R. Tolkien Reverse: CANCER (Water / Earth) Inverse: GEMINI (Air / Fire) Theme: Control. Caution: Closing off.

TAURUS (Fixed): Earth / Fire Major Arcana: 3. The Empress (Fire), 8. Strength (Earth) Chakra: Root Famous Taureans: Queen Elizabeth II, Audrey Hepburn, Jim Jones, Shirley Temple, Malcolm X Reverse: ARIES (Fire / Earth) Inverse: AQUARIUS (Air / Water) Theme: Preservation. Caution: Misguided convictions.

VIRGO (Mutable): Earth / Air Major Arcana: 5. The Hierophant (Air), 20. Judgement (Water) Chakra: Heart Famous Virgos: Michael Faraday, Temple Grandin, Maria Montessori, Bernie Sanders, Mother Teresa Reverse: LIBRA (Air / Earth) Inverse: LIBRA (Air / Earth) Theme: Utility. Caution: Perfectionism.

III. THE AIR SIGNS

LIBRA (Cardinal): Air / Earth Major Arcana: 6. The Lovers (Water), 11. Justice (Water) Chakra: Heart Famous Libras: Mahatma Gandhi, Kim Kardashian, John Lennon, Eleanor Roosevelt, Oscar Wilde Reverse: VIRGO (Earth / Air) Inverse: VIRGO (Earth / Air) Theme: Beauty. Caution: Superficiality.

AQUARIUS (Fixed): Air / Water Major Arcana: 10. The Wheel of Fortune (Solar), 13. Death (Earth) Chakra: Throat Famous Aquarians: Susan B. Anthony, Charles Darwin, Thomas Edison, Abraham Lincoln, Rosa Parks Reverse: PISCES (Water / Air) Inverse: TAURUS (Earth / Fire) Theme: Progress. Caution: Emotional distance.

GEMINI (Mutable): Air / Fire Major Arcana: 1. The Magician (Solar), 14. Temperance (Air) Chakra: Crown Famous Geminis: Bob Dylan, Marilyn Monroe, The Olsen twins, Edward Snowden, Kanye West Reverse: SAGITTARIUS (Fire / Air) Inverse: CAPRICORN (Earth / Water) Theme: Freedom. Caution: Instability.

IV. THE FIRE SIGNS

ARIES (Cardinal): Fire / Earth Major Arcana: 4. The Emperor (Earth), 7. The Chariot (Fire) Chakra: Sacral Famous Arians: Jackie Chan, Cesar Chavez, Lady Gaga, Adolf Hitler, Nancy Pelosi Reverse: TAURUS (Earth / Fire) Inverse: PISCES (Water / Air) Theme: Resistance. Caution: Acting rashly.

LEO (Fixed): Fire / Water Major Arcana: 19. The Sun (Solar) Chakra: Solar Plexus Famous Leos: Mata Hari, David Koresh, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Andy Warhol, Mae West Reverse: SCORPIO (Water / Fire) Inverse: SCORPIO (Water / Fire) Theme: Influence. Caution: Abuse of power.

SAGITTARIUS (Mutable): Fire / Air Major Arcana: 12. The Hanged Man (Fire), 21. The World (Fire) Chakra: Sacral Famous Sagittarians: Louisa May Alcott, Winston Churchill, Grace Hopper, Jim Morrison, Mark Twain Reverse: GEMINI (Air / Fire) Inverse: CANCER (Water / Earth) Theme: Experience. Caution: Running from oneself.

V. SYMMETRIC SIGNS (Leo/Scorpio, Virgo/Libra)

These are signs for which the combination of elements forms a perfect mirror image. Their reverse and inverse signs are identical. The Sun passes through each sign consecutively, beginning in late summer (Leo) and culminating in early winter (Scorpio). Symmetric signs are characterized by balance, and tend to exhibit fewer qualities associated with their ruling element due to the influence of the opposing element. For instance, Scorpio (Water / Fire) is less empathic and more individualistic than Cancer or Pisces, and is overall more Masculine, as evidenced by its traditional association with Mars. Similarly, Libra (Air / Earth) is less detached and more grounded than Aquarius or Gemini, and is overall more Feminine than other Air signs due to the influence of Venus.

Symmetric signs are indicated by an inner box enclosing the associated pair of elemental symbols.

#astrology #occult

112 notes · View notes

simptasia · 4 years

Text

neurodivergence in abc’s lost

i’m gonna be listing off and talking about the canon neurodivergent characters in lost. i won’t be adding characters that i personally headcanon as neurodivergent in some way, what i’m writing here is elaboration upon what has been given to me by the show. please note that none of these people’s conditions or disorders were named in the show, so such diagnoses being named here are me taking that extra step based upon their symptoms

first of all i wanna point out that based on what i’ve seen the show, that the island’s healing powers applies to conditions inflicted upon the mind, not ones inherent to the mind. thats why daniel’s brain damage heals, but people like hurley and locke will always continue to have depression

hugo “hurley” reyes

schizophrenia and depression

our most prominently featured mentally ill character. it might seem bold to label him with schizophrenia when it’s never said that that’s what he has. but during his time on lost, he displays many of the symptoms: paranoia, pathological self loathing, delusions and hallucinations. now, it’s a fictionalized depiction of schizophrenia and that’s probably not even what the writers had in mind but it’s none the less a really, really good and respectful portrayal of it

it would take too long to list off all the times when hurley displays paranoia (heck, it’s easy not to notice how much its a part of his character) and self loathing. delusions? the situations regarding the numbers and his bad luck (canon never ever Proves what hurley believes to be true regarding that stuff)

they did an episode dedicated to hurley having hallucinations. a man named dave who drives him to self destructive behaviour, self hatred and attempted suicide. fun fact: when people with schizophrenia in real life have hallucinations, they tend towards just auditory. hurley gets visual as well as per Rule Of Drama. this is not a bad thing, just a narrative tool

(steering slightly into headcanon for a bit here but i personally ignore the dharma made Hurley Bird they revealed in the epilogue and just take hurley hearing that bird say his name as an auditory hallucination. for two reasons: one, hurley hearing/seeing things that don’t exist is already consistent with his mental state. and two, that bird literally, genuinely did not fucking say hurley)

extra notes

to be clear, in case there's confusion, hurley really does have magical powers. he can talk to dead people. that isn’t a delusion or hallucination. you can understand how confusing and distressing this must be for hurley

he's had a compulsive eating disorder since he was ten due to the pain of his father abandoning him. his struggle with this is well documented

at several points during the show he’s shown to have trouble spelling. he especially confuses his “y(s)” and “ies”. it’s not clear if this is due to poor education or a learning issue. or both, really. it’s safe to assume with him being poor, mexican and mentally ill, that school wasn’t easy for hurley

hurley has unjustifiably lived at mental health institutions on at least two occasions (the first time was against his will, second was volunteer)

john locke

depression

locke suffers from severe self esteem issues, and i know most lost characters do, but i mean to the point of irrational and destructive behaviour. he has an obsession with being deemed special in order to justify his existence. he also suffers jarring mood swings. (he can switch from calm and jovial to angry and defensive at the drop of a hat). when he was wheelchair bound, this threw him into a depression. when he failed to convince anybody to come back to the island, he attempted suicide. he would have gone thru with it too. he will go to extremes to make sure things stay the way he wants them to (killing an innocent woman so they can stay on the island, tying up and drugging boone so he won’t tell anybody about the hatch), and will fall into despair if he fails

also note that the things im saying about locke are not a comment on people with depression. i don’t think all depressed people kill and drug people. those were statements on locke’s character that i believe are a part of his mental state. my point is: he’s emotionally unstable and he tried to kill himself. and i think his extreme need for validation (from people and the universe in general) is especially concerning

to me, this all says to me that locke has clinical depression

locke isn’t as easy as the other people on this list to classify as Canon Neurodivergent but at least to me, i think it’s very obvious. like i feel bad being so vague but like, basically, watch any locke episode

daniel faraday

acquired brain damage, severe memory degradation as well as other neurodivergent behaviours (i’ll go into it)

he’s played by jeremy davies. enough said

okay, jokes aside. at some point in the past daniel and his assistant theresa were involved in some vaguely referred to time based experiments. while she was catatonicized, the accident left daniel severely brain damaged (also daniel spent years doing radioactive experiments without head protection, which would not have helped and indeed that is foreshadowing of this whole debacle)

apparently this left him in a state where he can no longer take care of himself, having been assigned a carer. his most outstanding symptom is that his ability to process short AND long term memory has been impaired

short term: he’s shown to have issues retaining memories from day to day. he wasn’t sure if he had met charles widmore already (he hadn’t). charles lays some exposition on him and when daniel asks why he’s telling him this, charles says, with sureness, that “because by tomorrow you won’t remember this”. counting on that to be an absolute fact seems silly to me but that does seem to the case. again, Rule Of Drama is in play here

long term: he can no longer access memories he formed many years ago, famously the memories he formed with desmond in 1996. all in all, this condition is highly plot convenient. can’t argue with results, really

no, i can keep going, i got more, this is daniel fucking faraday we’re talking about: his ability to remember 3 playing cards has been impaired (note that this is a skill most 4 year olds master), he forgot the secret code the science team were all taught and when he introduces himself to jack there is a long pause, in hindsight implying that daniel forgot his own name

like real life memory conditions, theres varying level to how much he does and doesn’t remember. he’s thankfully not in a 50 first dates situation and doesn’t forget everything day to day. clearly he remembers people if they’re around enough, like during his time on the boat. charlotte, miles, frank, naomi...

upon landing on the island, his memory slowly gets better (considering his condition beforehand, the fact that nobody comments on this is staggering)

when dan is fully healed? i could not say, i could theorize, but such things are nebulous. but still, the times we see dan without his brain damage, he still behaves like a neurodivergent person. just not like he was when he was brain damaged. he stims near constantly, has a tendency to repeat names and words (echolalia) and it’s shown that dan compulsively counts in his head. he counted up to 864 beats, if i remember correctly, which is about 10 minutes of counting in his head. by no stretch of the imagination is that neurotypical behaviour

(im not trying to sound defensive. and i don’t think anybody, anywhere, is arguing that daniel faraday is a neurotypical. unfathomable)

going into headcanon territory again, his ND traits, when not brain damaged, say to me that he’s autistic and/or has OCD and possibly anxiety. thats all theorizing on my part tho. but the fact of the matter is, damage or no, he’s neurodivergent

notes

his apparent need for tactile sensory input is legendary in the lost fandom. in layman’s terms: him pet pet. not just people but objects too. humans, overall, tend to touch things to process input better. many ND people do it more, and it seems daniel is a case of that (i am not making a solid statement on jeremy davies’ neuro state. that’s his business)

he shows an inability to properly process grief

he also shows shocking indifference to his own safety, resulting in reckless behaviour. how much of this is a result of his mental state or his upbringing is up for debate. i think it’s a combo of both

without his brain damage, he appears to have an eidetic memory

danielle rousseau

trauma induced mental illness

pretty self explanatory. the loss of her expedition, husband and daughter, as well as 16 years of loneliness (on THIS island) has resulted in emotional instability for danielle. she’s prone to paranoia, trust issues, irrational behaviour

she’s just not well. she’s right most of the time but she’s not well

libby smith

indeterminate mental state

libby was institutionalized (the same place hurley was sent to) and placed on medication (which seemed like sedatives to me, based on her expressions). in the show it’s not what clear what put her there, but having just done some research, i’ve discovered that Word Of God says that libby became mentally unstable after the death of her husband dave smith. so this is probably another case of trauma induced mental illness. she must have had a pretty extreme episode to cause her to be sent to a place like that. something to think about

but alas, it’s libby, so not much info. moving on

benjamin linus

anti social behaviour disorder (is my best guess)

oof. depictions of mental illness with characters who are immoral are depictions of mental illness nonetheless. i feel almost silly saying this but: ben is not... okay

ben displays issues (at best) with empathy, compassion and morality. how much he cares about other people is highly debatable but one thing that's certain is that he does genuinely love his daughter. everybody else is ????

but the loving alex thing rules out him being a sociopath or having narcissistic personality disorder. and it is genuine because when he loses it with grief, it’s not a performance, because the only audience is us...

he’s a compulsive liar, lying even when it doesn’t benefit him. lying just because. ben is highly unpredictable, which isn’t inherently a neurodivergent thing, but when a person goes from a calm discussion to strangling somebody, all roads point to Uh Oh (i don’t know the technical terms for Uh Oh). many of his outward emotions are performed (the difference between his fake smiles and few real smiles is noticeable). he’s manipulative, he treats people like objects for his benefit/plans, he’s self absorbed, he has zero issues with murder unless it’s a child. he does have some moral standards. but overall, uh, [just gestures at ben]

also ben is repeatedly offended when other people don’t trust him, which is HILARIOUS, but also shows a cognitive dissonance on his part

hmm i need more here, im gonna break out the big guns

that’s some basic info there and doesn’t that line up with ben?

the article goes on to say that people with this can put on superficial charm. that is, behave friendly and “normal” when they have to. which ben is shown to be able to do

and this

“Serious problems with interpersonal relationships are often seen in those with the disorder. Attachments and emotional bonds are weak, and interpersonal relationships often revolve around the manipulation, exploitation, and abuse of others.”

reminds me of his situation with juliet. and locke. and his “friendships” in general

i snipped the wikipedia article for this because unlike the rest i felt,,, underequipped to talk about this sort of thing

ben being mentally unwell is clear enough in canon and i think this disorder is what lines up best with it. please note that ben is capable of change and growth (like people in real life who have such issues) and like the show i’m not gonna paint him 100% evil or irredeemable. i’m just saying what’s true

notes

ben says at one point that he doesn’t dream anymore. it’s highly probably that this is a lie, but if it isn’t, well that's not good. it’d mean his brain isn’t entering into REM sleep properly, which can lead to emotional problems

ben doesn’t blink as much as most people do, something michael emerson did on purpose. this can apply to some neurodivergent people

it’s shown that he was quite nonverbal as a kid. in the flashbacks in “man behind the curtain” little ben barely speaks

honourable mentions

pretty much all the survivors suffer from PTSD due the trauma of the crash

a great deal of the characters suffer from PTSD from trauma in general due to their awful lifes. like, abusive parents, war, loss of loved ones, etc

and i must note that ben, daniel and locke suffering from parental abuse, ranging from emotional to physical, is something to factor into their cases

claire, similar to danielle, also suffered trauma induced mental illness due to the loss of her baby and feeling like she was abandoned

sayid is depicted as dead inside during season 6 due to The Sickness, so thats like a magical form of depression. and one could argue that he already had regular depression beforehand

boone joked about shannon having bulimia. (whether or not it’s true, boone is an asshole) if it’s true, shannon has an eating disorder, which is considered a form of mental illness. espech one so self image based

self harm

self harm is not an inherent part of mental illness but such concepts are often linked so i felt i should mention some of these, it’ll be quick

hurley’s aforementioned eating disorder

charlie takes heroin as a form of self harm (that isn’t a theory on my part, it’s clear as day that charlie started taking it because his sense of self worth was so low that the drugs felt like the only option)

locke, hurley, (both as mentioned above), jack, desmond, michael and richard have all attempted/nearly commited suicide

so what can we conclude from this? well that's up to you, really. that i love lost a fuck ton? that the actors and writing in lost is amazing? that all the neurodivergent based depth got saved for the boys? yeah

but i wanna conclude with this: a part of what makes lost really special to me is that these people i’ve talked out here? they’ve suffered, and oh boy it was tasty suffering, but all of them, yes even libby, were more than suffering

these people have nuance. one way or another, these people (to varying degrees) were happy at times. silly. funny. angry. opinionated. they loved. they were loved. they lived and breathed as human beings. that means a lot to me

lost is a story of broken people given a second chance. take that as you will

thank you for your time

#lost #charthann #missinglost #(i don't wanna lose this so i tagged you guys)#i've made a list like this before but i wanna go into detail #and before i knew it i made an incredible essay #lost headcanons #most of this is based on canon but as i said there is extrapolation at play #and i mention some headcanons along the way when i felt it was needed #gosh this became a whole Thing #i hope y'all enjoy it!#and this isn't counting ppl i headcanon as ND #like jack being autistic or charlie having HPD #i could go into that too

56 notes · View notes

jhavelikes · 2 years

Quote

Nonlinear pattern formation occurs throughout nature, in everything from sand ripples on a beach, snowflakes, ripply icicles and the population ecology of lemmings, and much, much more. Faraday waves are an archetypical laboratory system for the study of nonlinear pattern formation, fluid instabilities and the transition to spatio-temporal chaos.

FAR: The Faraday Instability

0 notes

yuicasebaby · 4 years

Photo

Faraday Waves are non-linear standing waves •When the container vertically vibrates above its 'critical' frequency, the instability forms standing waves on the initially flat surface https://t.co/k7bTAmeJ0H http://twitter.com/InertialObservr/status/1216125254646431745

#InertialObservr

0 notes

mft-toyama · 4 years

Photo

via @InertialObservr

— 〈 Berger | Dillon 〉 (@InertialObservr) January 11, 2020

#InertialObservr

0 notes

siva3155 · 4 years

Text

300+ TOP TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION Objective Questions and Answers

TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION Multiple Choice Questions :-

1. By which of the following systems electric power may be transmitted ? (a) Overhead system (b) Underground system (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above Ans: c 2. are the conductors, which connect the consumer's terminals to the distribution (a) Distributors (b) Service mains (c) Feeders (d) None of the above Ans: b 3. The underground system cannot be operated above (a) 440 V (b) 11 kV (c) 33 kV (d) 66 kV Ans: d 4. Overhead system can be designed for operation up to (a) 11 kV (b) 33 kV (c) 66 kV (d) 400 kV Ans: c 5. If variable part of annual cost on account of interest and depreciation on the capital outlay is equal to the annual cost of electrical energy wasted in the conductors, the total annual cost will be minimum and the corresponding size of conductor will be most economical. This statement is known as (a) Kelvin's law (b) Ohm's law (c) Kirchhoffs law (d) Faraday's law (e) none of the above Ans: a 6. The wooden poles well impregnated with creosite oil or any preservative compound have life (a) from 2 to 5 years (b) 10 to 15 years (c) 25 to 30 years (d) 60 to 70 years Ans: c 7. Which of the following materials is not used for transmission and distribution of electrical power ? (a) Copper (b) Aluminium (c) Steel (d) Tungsten Ans: d 8. Galvanised steel wire is generally used as (a) stay wire (b) earth wire (c) structural components (d) all of the above Ans: d 9. The usual spans with R.C.C. poles are (a) 40—50 meters (b) 60—100 meters (c) 80—100 meters (d) 300—500 meters Ans: c 10. The corona is considerably affected by which of the following ? (a) Size of the conductor (b) Shape of the conductor (c) Surface condition of the conductor (d) All of the above Ans: d 11. Which of the following are the constants of the transmission lines ? (a) Resistance (b) Inductance (c) Capacitance (d) All of the above Ans: d 12. 310 km line is considered as (a) a long line (b) a medium line (c) a short line (d) any of the above Ans: a 13. The phenomenon qf rise in voltage at the receiving end of the open-circuited or lightly loaded line is called the (a) Seeback effect (b) Ferranti effect (c) Raman effect (d) none of the above Ans: b 14. The square root of the ratio of line impedance and shunt admittance is called the (a) surge impedance of the line (b) conductance of the line (c) regulation of the line (d) none of the above Ans: a 15. Which of the following is the demerit of a 'constant voltage transmission system' ? (a) Increase of short-circuit current of the system (b) Availability of steady voltage at all loads at the line terminals (c) Possibility of better protection for the line due to possible use of higher terminal reactants (d) Improvement of power factor at times of moderate and heavy loads (e) Possibility of carrying increased power for a given conductor size in case of long-distance heavy power transmission Ans: a 16. Low voltage cables are meant for use up to (a)l.lkV (b)3.3kV (c)6.6kV (d)llkV Ans: e 17. The operating voltage of high voltage cables is up to (a)l.lkV (b)3.3kV (c)6.6kV (d)llkV Ans: d 18. The operating voltage of supertension cables is up to (a) 3.3 kV (b) 6.6 kV (c) 11 kV (d) 33 kV Ans: d 19. The operating voltage of extra high tension cables is upto (a) 6.6 kV (b) 11 kV (c) 33 kV (d) 66 kV (e) 132 kV Ans: d 20. Which of the following methods is used for laying of underground cables ? (a) Direct laying (b) Draw-in-system (c) Solid system (d) All of the above Ans: d 21. Which of the following is the source of heat generation in the cables ? (a) Dielectric losses in cable insulation (b) losses in the conductor (c) Losses in the metallic sheathings and armourings (d) All of the above Ans: 22. Due to which of the following reasons the cables should not be operated too hot ? (a) The oil may loose its viscosity and it may start drawing off from higher levels (b) Expansion of the oil may cause the sheath to burst (c) Unequal expansion may create voids in the insulation which will lead to ionization (d) The thermal instability may rise due to the rapid increase of dielectric losses with temperature (e) All of the above Ans: e 23. Which of the following D.C. distribution system is the simplest and lowest in first cost ? (a) Radial system (b) Ring system (c) Inter-connected system (d) None of the above Ans: a 24. A booster is a (a) series wound generator (b) shunt wound generator (c) synchronous generator (d) none of the above Ans: a 25. Besides a method of trial and error, which of the following methods is employed for solution of network problems in interconnected system ? (a) Circulating current method (b) Thevenin's theorem (c) Superposition of currents (d) Direct application of Kirehhoffs laws (e) All of the above Ans: e 26. Which of the following faults is most likely to occur in cables ? (a) Cross or short-circuit fault (b) Open circuit fault (c) Breakdown of cable insulation (d) All of the above Ans: 27. The cause of damage to the lead sheath of a cable is (a) crystallisation of the lead through vibration (b) chemical action on the lead when buried in the earth (c) mechanical damage (d) all of the above Ans: 28. The voltage of the single phase supply to residential consumers is (a) 110 V (b) 210 V (c) 230 V (d) 400 V Ans: c 29. Most of the high voltage transmission lines in India are (a) underground (b) overhead (c) either of the above (d) none of the above Ans: b 30. The distributors for residential areas are (a) single phase (b) three-phase three wire (c) three-phase four wire (d) none of the above Ans: c 31. The conductors of the overhead lines are (a) solid (b) stranded (c) both solid and stranded (d) none of the above Ans: 32. High voltage transmission lines use (a) suspension insulators (b) pin insulators (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of the above Ans: a 33. Multicore cables generally use (a) square conductors (b) circular conductors (c) rectangular conductors (d) sector-shaped conductors (e) none of the above Ans: d 34. Distribution lines in India generally use (a) wooden poles (b) R.C.C. poles (c) steel towers (d) none of the above Ans: b 35. The material commonly used for insulation in high voltage cables is (a) lead (b) paper (c) rubber (d) none of the above Ans: b 36. The loads on distributors systems are generally (a) balanced (b) unbalanced (c) either of the above (d) none of the above Ans: b 37. The power factor of industrial loads is generally (a) unity (b) lagging (c) leading (d) zero Ans: b 38. Overhead lines generally use (a) copper conductors (b) all aluminium conductors (c) A.C.S.R. conductors (d) none of these Ans: c 39. In transmission lines the cross-arms are made of (a) copper (b) wood (c) R.C.C. (d) steel Ans: d 40. The material generally used for armour of high voltage cables is (a) aluminium (b) steel (c) brass (d) copper Ans: b 41. Transmission line insulators are made of (a) glass (b) porcelain (c) iron (d) P.V.C. Ans: 42. The material commonly used for sheaths of underground cables is (a) lead (b) rubber (c) copper (d) iron Ans: a 43. The minimum clearance between the ground and a 220 kV line is about (a) 4.3 m (b) 5.5 m (c) 7.0 m (d) 10.5 m Ans: c 44. The spacing between phase conductors of a 220 kV line is approximately equal to (a) 2 m (b) 3.5 m (c) 6 m (d) 8.5 m Ans: c 45. Large industrial consumers are supplied electrical energy at (a) 400 V (b) 11 kV (c) 66 kV (d) 400 kV Ans: c 46. In a D.C. 3-wire distribution system, balancer fields are cross-connected in order to (a) boost the generated voltage (b) balance loads on both sides of the neutral (c) make both machine^ run as unloaded motors (d) equalize voltages on the positive and negative outers Ans: 47. In a D.C. 3-wire distributor using balancers and having unequal loads on the two sides (a) both balancers run as generators (b) both balancers run as motors (c) balancer connected to lightly- loaded side runs as a motor (d) balancer connected to heavily- loaded side runs as a motor Ans: 48. Transmitted power remaining the same, if supply voltage of a D.C. 2-wire feeder is increased 100 percent, saving in copper is (a) 25 percent (b) 50 percent (c) 75 percent (d) 100 percent Ans: b 49. A uniformly-loaded D.C. distributor is fed at both ends with equal voltages. As compared to a similar distributor fed at one end only, the drop at the middle point is (a) one-fourth (b) one-third (c) one-half (d) twice (e) none of the above Ans: a 50. As compared to a 2-wire D.C. distributor, a 3-wire distributor with same maximum voltage to earth uses only (a) 31.25 percent of copper (b) 33.3 percent of copper (c) 66.7 percent of copper (d) 125 percent of copper Ans: a 51. Which of the following is usually not the generating voltage ? (a) 6.6 kV (b) 8.8 kV (c) 11 kV (d) 13.2 kV Ans: b 52. For an overhead line, the surge impedance is taken as (a) 20-30 ohms (b) 70—80 ohms (c) 100—200 ohms (d) 500—1000 ohms (e) none of the above Ans: c 53. The presence of ozone due to corona is harmful because it (a) reduces power factor (b) corrodes the material (c) gives odour (d) transfer energy to the ground (e) none of the above Ans: b 54. A feeder, in a transmission system, feeds power to (a) distributors (b) generating stations (c) service mains (d) all of the above Ans: a 55. The power transmitted will be maximum when (a) corona losses are minimum (b) reactance is high (c) sending end voltage is more (d) receiving end voltage is more Ans: c 56. A 3-phase 4 wire system is commonly used on (a) primary transmission (b) secondary transmission (c) primary distribution (d) secondary distribution Ans: d 57. Which of the following materials is used for overhead transmission lines ? (a) Steel cored aluminium (b) Galvanised steel (c) Cadmium copper (d) Any of the above Ans: d 58. Which of the following is not a constituent for making porcelain insulators ? (a) Quartz (b) Kaolin (c) Felspar (d) Silica Ans: d 59. There is a greater possibility of occurence of corona during (a) dry weather (b) winter (c) summer heat (d) humid weather (e) none of the above Ans: d 60. Which of the following relays is used on long transmission lines ? (a) Impedance relay (b) Mho's relay (c) Reactance relay (d) None of the above Ans: b 61. The steel used in steel cored conductors is usually (a) alloy steel (b) stainless steel (c) mild steel (d) high speed steel (e) all of the above Ans: c 62. Which of the following distribution systems is more reliable ? (a) Radial system (b) Tree system (c) Ring main system (d) All are equally reliable Ans: c 63. Which of the following characteristics should the line supports for transmission lines possess ? (a) Low cost (b) High mechanical strength (c) Longer life (d) All of the above Ans: d 64. Transmission voltage of ll kV is normally used for distances upto (a) 20—25 km (b) 40—50 km (c) 60—70 km (d) 80—100 km Ans: a 65. Which of the following regulations is considered best? (a) 50% (b) 20% (c) 10% (d) 2% Ans: d 66. Skin effect is proportional to (a) (conductor diameter) (b) (conductor diameter) (c) (conductor diameter) (d) (conductor diameter) (e) none of the above Ans: c 67. A conductor, due to sag between two supports, takes the form of (a) semi-circle (b) triangle (c) ellipse (d) catenary Ans: d 68. In AC.S.R. conductors, the insulation between aluminium and steel conductors is (a) insulin (b) bitumen (c) varnish (d) no insulation is required Ans: d 69. Which of the following bus-bar schemes has the lowest cost ? (a) Ring bus-bar scheme (b) Single bus-bar scheme (c) Breaker and a half scheme (d) Main and transfer scheme Ans: b 70. Owing to skin effect (a) current flows through the half cross-section of the conductor (b) portion of the conductor near the surface carries more current and core of the conductor carries less current (c) portion of the conductor near the surface carries less current and core of the conductor carries more cur¬rent (d) any of the above (e) none of the above Ans: b 71. By which of the following methods string efficiency can be improved ? (a) Using a guard ring (b) Grading the insulator (c) Using long cross arm (d) Any of the above (e) None of the above Ans: d 72. In aluminium conductors, steel core is provided to (a) compensate for skin effect (b) neutralise proximity effect (c) reduce line inductance (d) increase the tensile strength Ans: d 73. By which of the following a bus-bar is rated ? (a) Current only (b) Current and voltage (c) Current, voltage and frequency (d) Current, voltage, frequency and short time current Ans: d 74. A circuit is disconnected by isolators when (a) line is energized (b) there is no current in the line (c) line is on full load (d) circuit breaker is not open Ans: b 75. For which of the following equipment current rating is not necessary ? (a) Circuit breakers (b) Isolators (c) Load break switch (d) Circuit breakers and load break switches Ans: b 76. In a substation the following equipment is not installed (a) exciters (b) series capacitors (c) shunt reactors (d) voltatre transformers Ans: a 77. jCorona usually occurs when the electrostatic stress in air around the conductor exceeds (a) 6.6 kV (r.m.s. value)/cm (b) 11 kV (r.m.s. value)/cm (c) 22 kV (maximum value)/cm (d) 30 kV (maximum value)/cm Ans: d 78. The voltage drop, for constant voltage transmission is compensated by installing (a) inductors (b) capacitors (c) synchronous motors (d) all of above (e) none of the above Ans: c 79. The use of strain type insulators is made where the conductors are (a) dead ended (b) at intermediate anchor towers (c) any of the above (d) none of the above Ans: c 80. The current drawn by the line due to corona losses is (a) non-sinusoidal (b) sinusoidal (c) triangular (d) square Ans: a 81. Pin type insulators are generally not used for voltages beyond (a) 1 kV (b) 11 kV (c) 22 kV (d) 33 kV Ans: d 82. Aluminium has a specific gravity of (a) 1.5 (b) 2.7 (c) 4.2 (d) 7.8 Ans: b 83. For transmission of power over a distance of 200 km, the transmission voltage should be (a) 132 kV (b) 66 kV (c) 33 kV (d) 11 kV Ans: a 84. For aluminium, as compared to copper, all the following factors have higher values except (a) specific volume (6) electrical conductivity (c) co-efficient of linear expansion (d) resistance per unit length for same cross-section Ans: b 85. Which of the following equipment, for regulating the voltage in distribution feeder, will be most economical ? (a) Static condenser (b) Synchronous condenser (c) Tap changing transformer (d) Booster transformer Ans: d 86. In a tap changing transformer, the tappings are provided on (a) primary winding (b) secondary winding (c) high voltage winding (d) any of the above Ans: c 87. Constant voltage transmission entails the following disadvantage (a) large conductor area is required for same power transmission (b) short-circuit current of the system is increased (c) either of the above (d) none of the above Ans: b 88. On which of the following factors skin effect depends ? (a) Frequency of the current (b) Size of the conductor (c) Resistivity of the conductor material (d) All of the above Ans: d 89. The effect of corona can be detected by (a) presence of ozone detected by odour (b) hissing sound (c) faint luminous glow of bluish colour (d) all of the above Ans: d 90. For transmission of power over a distance of 500 km, the transmission voltage should be in the range (a) 150 to 220 kV (b) 100 to 120 kV (c) 60 to 100 kV (d) 20 to 50 kV Ans: a 91. In the analysis of which of the following lines shunt capacitance is neglected ? (a) Short transmission lines (b) Medium transmission lines (c) Long transmission lines (d) Medium as well as long transmission lines Ans: a 92. When the interconnector between two stations has large reactance (a) the transfer of power will take place with voltage fluctuation and noise (b) the transfer of power will take place with least loss (c) the stations will fall out of step be¬cause of large angular displacement between the stations (d) none of the above Ans: c 93. The frequency of voltage generated, in case of generators, can be increased by (a) using reactors (b) increasing the load (c) adjusting the governor (d) reducing the terminal voltage (e) none of the above Ans: c 94. When an alternator connected to the bus-bar is shut down the bus-bar voltage will (a) fall (b) rise (c) remain unchanged (d) none of the above Ans: c 95. The angular displacement between two interconnected stations is mainly due to (a) armature reactance of both alternators (b) reactance of the interconnector (c) synchronous reactance of both the alternators (d) all of the above Ans: a 96. Electro-mechanical voltage regulators are generally used in (a) reactors (b) generators (c) transformers (d) all of the above Ans: b 97. Series capacitors on transmission lines are of little use when the load VAR requirement is (a) large (b) small (b) fluctuating (d) any of the above Ans: b 98. The voltage regulation in magnetic amplifier type voltage regulator is effected by (a) electromagnetic induction (b) varying the resistance (c) varying the reactance (d) variable transformer Ans: c 99. When a conductor carries more current on the surface as compared to core, it is due to (a) permeability variation (b) corona (c) skin effect (d) unsymmetrical fault (e) none of the above Ans: c 100. The following system is not generally used (a) 1-phase 3 wire (b) 1-phase 4 wire (c) 3-phase 3 wire (d) 3-phase 4 wire Ans: a 101. The skin effect of a conductor will reduce as the (a) resistivity of conductor material increases (b) permeability of conductor material increases (c) diameter increases (d) frequency increases Ans: a 110. When a live conductor of public electric supply breaks down and touches the earth which of the following will happen ? (a) Current will flow to earth (b) Supply voltage will drop (c) Supply voltage will increase (d) No current will flow in the conductor (e) None of the above Ans: a TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION Mcqs Interview Questions Pdf :: Read the full article

0 notes

albinohare · 5 years

Text

Expert sailing advice: How to handle a lightning strike on board

Pip Hare shares advice from sailors who have experienced a lightning strike on how to avoid getting hit by an electrical storm

The 2015 Volvo Ocean Race encountered electrical storms. Credit: Brian Carlin / Team Vestas Wind

Lightning is the thing that scares me the most at sea. Having never experienced a lightning strike I think this is mostly a fear of the unknown, coupled with a sense of helplessness.

My lightning strategy has always been to sail in the opposite direction and hope for the best. The following is a combination of my own practice and observations from sailors who’ve experienced a lightning strike first-hand.

Avoiding lightning

Thunderstorms are created in conditions where there is great instability between the upper and the lower layers of the atmosphere. Typically, thunderstorms follow an extended period of warm, still weather, but lightning can also form along very active frontal systems – this tends to follow a sustained period of average pressure, with little gradient breeze when the new front moves in quickly.

Forecasters can predict where there will be increased potential for lightning to form, but not its actual occurrence or exact location.

Specialist forecast models such as the CAPE (convective available potential energy) and the LI (lifted index) show storm potential by highlighting areas of atmospheric instability.

CAPE and LI forecasts are available via specialist weather sites and CAPE GRIBs can be obtained through some providers. Satellite images can also be useful for spotting intense areas of cumulonimbus clouds.

If planning a sailing voyage in areas where lightning could be expected, include a CAPE forecast in your daily GRIB run.

Article continues below…

What is a Spanish Plume? Thunderstorms, lightning and downdrafts explained

Earlier this summer we saw considerable thunderstorm activity over the UK and Europe, resulting in flooding and some serious injuries.…

Sailing through calms: Expert advice from ocean racer Pip Hare

Psychologically, I have always found sailing through calms to be far worse than battling any storm. Endlessly flogging sails and…

Flashes on the horizon

If you get caught out or have to sail through an area where electrical storms are expected, it’s important to prepare for all the weather a thunderstorm can dish out, not just lightning.

Thunder claps can be heard for around 25 miles, so if the sky on the other side of the horizon is alive with light but you can hear no noise then stay vigilant but don’t panic – the storm is still a way off. Keep moving.

Keep a 360° look-out: due to the immense height of thunderclouds they are pushed along by upper atmosphere wind, not the sea-level breeze. This makes it difficult to predict which way a cloud is moving, they can sneak up behind you while you are sailing upwind. The best way to track thunderclouds is using the radar or a hand-bearing compass.

Prepare for a squall: wind associated with thunderclouds can reach in excess of 40-90 knots in a matter of seconds, this will often be combined with torrential rain and drastically reduced visibility. If there’s lightning around it’s best to keep on-watch crew in the cockpit so make sure you reef early.

Preparing for a strike

Lightning can strike up to ten miles away from the cloud that generated it. Just because you are in the midst of a thunderstorm doesn’t mean you will get hit – I’ve spoken to two sailors who reported lightning striking the water next to their boat but not touching them.

Others that were struck reported varying damage to electrical equipment and none experienced structural damage or fire. Here are some of their recommendations:

Unplug all masthead units, including wind instruments and VHF antennas and ensure ends of leads are kept apart to avoid arcing.

As the storm gets closer turn off all electronics – modern kit has increasingly efficient internal protection, but manufacturers still advise turning it off.

Take a fix and plot it on a paper chart. Update your log using dead reckoning.

Avoid touching metal around the boat, such as shrouds and guardrails.

A nearby strike will be blindingly bright. Sit in the cockpit until your night vision returns.

Expect masthead units, VHF antennas and lights to be destroyed, so make sure you carry a good quality spare VHF antenna.

Fluxgate compasses can lose calibration following a strike. Check all electronic compass readings with a handheld compass.

Maximising protection

By providing a direct route ‘to ground’ down which the lightning may conduct you may be able to minimise damage.

Among my small sample of interviewees, only one had a lightning protection system: this was a sloop with a deck-stepped mast on which the chainplates were bonded to the keel bolts. The masthead unit on this boat was still totally destroyed by the strike but the remaining electronics suffered no ill effects. The same sailor had experienced a strike two years earlier with no extra protection installed – in that instance all electronics were destroyed.

The remaining sailors were all in boats of less than ten years old and reported varying degrees of damage to electronics and 100% destruction of masthead units.

The simplest protection system is bonding an aluminium mast to the keel bolts. On a keel-stepped mast this is easily done as the mast heel and keel bolts are close to each other. For deck-stepped masts this can be achieved by running an adequately sized cable through the deck head and down a bulkhead or supporting pillar.

Most modern boats have the mast bonded to the keel by manufacturers – if you’re not sure lift the soleboards to check. Masts made of less conductive materials such as carbon would require a conductor cable as well.

Air terminals at least six inches higher than any antennas at the top of your mast may save your masthead units. There is also considerable debate over the need for dedicated grounding plates – this appears to be more relevant to older boats as none of my interviewees suffered ill effects through grounding to the keel bolts.

Faraday cage

There is a theory that the oven on a yacht can act as a Faraday cage, protecting anything inside it from the effects of electrostatic discharge (ESD). Handheld or portable electronics can be temporarily placed inside a metal oven to protect them during a storm.

I have no conclusive evidence this works, but I’ve always done it, reckoning it can’t do any harm – just remember to take them out before dinner!

The post Expert sailing advice: How to handle a lightning strike on board appeared first on Yachting World.

Source Crocodile Bag Authentic Crocodile Skin Bag

from WordPress http://www.amansions.com/expert-sailing-advice-how-to-handle-a-lightning-strike-on-board/

#Luxury Magazine

0 notes

trendytechreviews · 5 years

Text

Magneto Optic Current Transformer Market: Growth Opportunities & Technology Developments by 2027

Magneto Optic Current Transformer is a device in which electromagnetic waves propagate through a medium that has been altered by the presence of very slowly changing reversible magnetic field. In this instrument, the material used is also called as gyromagnetic, which is an elliptical polarizers that can rotate in left and right direction and can travel at different speeds, and when light is transmitted through a layer of magneto optic material to form a Faraday rotator Magneto optic current transformer (MOCT) is an advanced technology that is used to overcome the problem associated with conventional transformer.

In this technology electromagnetic interference does not occur, and also breaking the conductor is not required to enclose the optical path in the current carrying circuit. A magneto optic current transformer consists of an electronic signal processing unit, a sensor head which is present near current carrying conductor, and a fiber optical cable to link these two parts. In magneto optic current transformer, passive optical current transducer uses light to measure current accurately on high voltage system with the help of signal processing unit by converting optical signal into electrical signal.

To obtain all-inclusive information on forecast analysis of global Magneto Optic Current Transformer market, request a PDF brochure here.

One of the major driving factor for the growth of global magneto optic current transformer market is increasing use of magneto optic current transformer in power station, and industrial applications. Magneto optic current transformers are increasingly used to overcome the drawbacks of conventional current transformers such as electromagnetic interference, saturation of magnetic field under high current, complicated cooling structure, and measuring accurate current at high voltage. Furthermore, various properties of the magneto optic current transformer such as the possibility of measuring AC & DC, wide frequency response, simpler insulation structure, and reduced risks of fire and explosions, all these factors are anticipated to drive the demand of magneto optic current transformer market during forecast period.

Moreover, magneto optic current transformers have small size and low weight ratio, owing to this during installation and relocation it does not require heavy machinery, consequently making the process more economical. In addition to this, with technological advancement magneto optic current transformer are capable to provide output in digital format as they are compatible with computer systems. Furthermore, effects of electromagnetic interference, vibration, temperature, and humidity are negligible when magneto optic current transformer system as compared to conventional current transformer system. Considering the advantages offered by magneto optic current transformer the demand of magneto optic current transformer is expected to boost significantly in coming years.

Furthermore, capability to withstand at high mechanical load, and low power consumption of MOCT are expected to bring new lucrative opportunities for investors to invest in magneto optic current transformer market. However, temperature and stress induced linear birefringence in the sensing material cause error and instability which is expected to be the major restraining factor for growth of global magneto optic current transformer market.

For more actionable insights into the competitive landscape of global Magneto Optic Current Transformer market, get a customized report here.

The global magneto optic current transformer market has been segmented based on product type, application, and region. Based on product type, the global magneto optic current transformer market can be classified into fiber type, and non-fiber type. Based on application, the magneto optic current transformer market can be segmented into transformer, power systems and instrumentations, electronic meters, transmission line-bus, network equipment, and electrical high voltage (EHV) substations. Additionally, based on geography, the magneto optic current transformer market is further segregated into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa, and South America.

Some of the key players operating in the global magneto optic current transformer market with significant developments include Asea Brown Boveri (ABB) Ltd., NR Electric Co., Ltd., Trench Group, ARTECHE, and Profotech among others.

0 notes