#Antibiotic Analysis

[root-analysis]

Antibiotic Market Growth | Antibiotic Analysis | Trends (2035) 

The global antibiotics market was estimated to be worth USD 38 billion in 2023. The antibiotics market growth is estimated to rise at 4.6% during the forecast period. The report features an extensive study of the current market landscape, market size, and future opportunities for the antibiotic companies developing antibacterial drugs. Get a detailed insights report now!

#Antibiotic Market #Antibiotic Analysis

[jcmarchi]

A protein found in human sweat may protect against Lyme disease

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/a-protein-found-in-human-sweat-may-protect-against-lyme-disease/

A protein found in human sweat may protect against Lyme disease

Lyme disease, a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks, affects nearly half a million people in the United States every year. In most cases, antibiotics effectively clear the infection, but for some patients, symptoms linger for months or years.

Researchers at MIT and the University of Helsinki have now discovered that human sweat contains a protein that can protect against Lyme disease. They also found that about one-third of the population carries a genetic variant of this protein that is associated with Lyme disease in genome-wide association studies.

It’s unknown exactly how the protein inhibits the growth of the bacteria that cause Lyme disease, but the researchers hope to harness the protein’s protective abilities to create skin creams that could help prevent the disease, or to treat infections that don’t respond to antibiotics.

“This protein may provide some protection from Lyme disease, and we think there are real implications here for a preventative and possibly a therapeutic based on this protein,” says Michal Caspi Tal, a principal research scientist in MIT’s Department of Biological Engineering and one of the senior authors of the new study.

Hanna Ollila, a senior researcher at the Institute for Molecular Medicine at the University of Helsinki and a researcher at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, is also a senior author of the paper, which appears today in Nature Communications. The paper’s lead author is Satu Strausz, a postdoc at the Institute for Molecular Medicine at the University of Helsinki.

A surprising link

Lyme disease is most often caused by a bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi. In the United States, this bacterium is spread by ticks that are carried by mice, deer, and other animals. Symptoms include fever, headache, fatigue, and a distinctive bulls-eye rash.

Most patients receive doxycycline, an antibiotic that usually clears up the infection. In some patients, however, symptoms such as fatigue, memory problems, sleep disruption, and body aches can persist for months or years.

Tal and Ollila, who were postdocs together at Stanford University, began this study a few years ago in hopes of finding genetic markers of susceptibility to Lyme disease. To that end, they decided to run a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on a Finnish dataset that contains genome sequences for 410,000 people, along with detailed information on their medical histories.

This dataset includes about 7,000 people who had been diagnosed with Lyme disease, allowing the researchers to look for genetic variants that were more frequently found in people who had had Lyme disease, compared with those who hadn’t.

This analysis revealed three hits, including two found in immune molecules that had been previously linked with Lyme disease. However, their third hit was a complete surprise — a secretoglobin called SCGB1D2.

Secretoglobins are a family of proteins found in tissues that line the lungs and other organs, where they play a role in immune responses to infection. The researchers discovered that this particular secretoglobin is produced primarily by cells in the sweat glands.

To find out how this protein might influence Lyme disease, the researchers created normal and mutated versions of SCGB1D2 and exposed them to Borrelia burgdorferi grown in the lab. They found that the normal version of the protein significantly inhibited the growth of Borrelia burgdorferi. However, when they exposed bacteria to the mutated version, twice as much protein was required to suppress bacterial growth.

The researchers then exposed bacteria to either the normal or mutated variant of SCGB1D2 and injected them into mice. Mice injected with the bacteria exposed to the mutant protein became infected with Lyme disease, but mice injected with bacteria exposed to the normal version of SCGB1D2 did not.

“In the paper we show they stayed healthy until day 10, but we followed the mice for over a month, and they never got infected. This wasn’t a delay, this was a full stop. That was really exciting,” Tal says.

Preventing infection

After the MIT and University of Helsinki researchers posted their initial findings on a preprint server, researchers in Estonia replicated the results of the genome-wide association study, using data from the Estonian Biobank. These data, from about 210,000 people, including 18,000 with Lyme disease, were later added to the final Nature Communications study.

The researchers aren’t sure yet how SCGB1D2 inhibits bacterial growth, or why the variant is less effective. However, they did find that the variant causes a shift from the amino acid proline to leucine, which may interfere with the formation of a helix found in the normal version.

They now plan to investigate whether applying the protein to the skin of mice, which do not naturally produce SCGB1D2, could prevent them from being infected by Borrelia burgdorferi. They also plan to explore the protein’s potential as a treatment for infections that don’t respond to antibiotics.

“We have fantastic antibiotics that work for 90 percent of people, but in the 40 years we’ve known about Lyme disease, we have not budged that,” Tal says. “Ten percent of people don’t recover after having antibiotics, and there’s no treatment for them.”

“This finding opens the door to a completely new approach to preventing Lyme disease in the first place, and it will be interesting to see if it could be useful for preventing other types of skin infections too,” says Kara Spiller, a professor of biomedical innovation in the School of Biomedical Engineering at Drexel University, who was not involved in the study.

The researchers note that people who have the protective version of SCGB1D2 can still develop Lyme disease, and they should not assume that they won’t. One factor that may play a role is whether the person happens to be sweating when they’re bitten by a tick carrying Borrelia burgdorferi.

SCGB1D2 is just one of 11 secretoglobin proteins produced by the human body, and Tal also plans to study what some of those other secretoglobins may be doing in the body, especially in the lungs, where many of them are found.

“The thing I’m most excited about is this idea that secretoglobins might be a class of antimicrobial proteins that we haven’t thought about. As immunologists, we talk nonstop about immunoglobulins, but I had never heard of a secretoglobin before this popped up in our GWAS study. This is why it’s so fun for me now. I want to know what they all do,” she says.

The research was funded, in part, by Emily and Malcolm Fairbairn, the Instrumentarium Science Foundation, the Academy of Finland, the Finnish Medical Foundation, the Younger Family, and the Bay Area Lyme Foundation.

#000 #Analysis #Animals #antibiotic #Antibiotics #antimicrobial #approach #Bacteria #Biological engineering #Biology #Broad Institute #Cells #communications #data #Delay #Disease #disruption #engineering #eye #factor #fatigue #Finland #Foundation #Full #genetic #Genetics #genome #growth #how #human

[kajalfw12]

https://app.socie.com.br/read-blog/141241_animal-antibiotics-and-antimicrobials-market-share-overview-competitive-analysis.html

The Animal Antibiotics and Antimicrobials Market in 2023 is US$ 4.9 billion, and is expected to reach US$ 6.87 billion by 2031 at a CAGR of 4.30%. The global animal antibiotics and antimicrobials market is a critical sector that intersects public health, veterinary care, and agriculture. With the rise of antibiotic resistance and the One Health approach in tackling infectious diseases, the role of these pharmaceuticals in maintaining animal welfare and food security has never been more crucial. This comprehensive analysis will explore the current market landscape, major players, regulatory influences, market growth drivers, technological advancements, and the future of this indispensable industry.

#Animal Antibiotics and Antimicrobials Market Analysis #Animal Antibiotics and Antimicrobials Market Share #Animal Antibiotics and Antimicrobials Market Scope

[geethasingh]

#Antibiotics Market #Antibiotics Market size #Antibiotics Market share #Antibiotics Market trends #Antibiotics Market analysis #Antibiotics Market forecast #Antibiotics Market outlook

[cmipooja]

Global Poultry Antibiotic Market Is Estimated To Witness High Growth Owing To Rising Concerns Regarding Poultry Health

The Global Poultry Antibiotic Market is estimated to be valued at US$ 3.45 billion in 2022 and is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 5.8% over the forecast period 2023-2030, as highlighted in a new report published by Coherent Market Insights. Market Overview: The Poultry Antibiotic Market refers to the market for antibiotics used in the poultry industry to prevent and treat various infections and diseases in poultry. Poultry antibiotics play a crucial role in ensuring the health and well-being of poultry, as they help in preventing and controlling diseases that can cause significant economic losses for poultry producers. Poultry antibiotics have several advantages, including improved feed conversion ratios, increased growth rates, enhanced disease resistance, and reduced mortality rates. These antibiotics help maintain the overall health of poultry and improve their productivity, thereby benefiting both the poultry industry and consumers. Market Key Trends: One key trend observed in the Poultry Antibiotic Market is the increasing demand for antibiotics derived from natural sources. As consumers are becoming more conscious about food safety and animal welfare, there is a growing preference for natural or organic products. This trend has led to the development and utilization of antibiotics derived from natural sources, such as plant extracts, essential oils, and probiotics. For example, companies like Zoetis Inc. and Elanco Animal Health are investing in research and development to develop antibiotics with natural origins. These antibiotics offer similar efficacy to synthetic antibiotics but are considered safer and more sustainable. PEST Analysis: - Political: Regulatory frameworks regarding the use of antibiotics in animal feed vary across different countries. Some countries have banned the use of certain antibiotics as growth promoters, while others have implemented stricter regulations on antibiotic use in animal husbandry. - Economic: The demand for poultry products is increasing globally, driven by population growth and rising disposable incomes. This creates a favorable market for poultry antibiotics as producers strive to meet the growing demand. - Social: Increasing concerns about food safety and animal welfare have led to a greater focus on reducing the use of antibiotics in animal feed. Consumers are becoming more conscious of the potential risks associated with antibiotic residues in poultry products. - Technological: Advancements in biotechnology and genetic engineering have paved the way for the development of alternative antibiotic strategies, such as vaccines and phage therapy. These technologies are expected to reduce the reliance on antibiotics in the future. Key Takeaways: Paragraph 1: The Global Poultry Antibiotic Market Size is expected to witness high growth, exhibiting a CAGR of 5.8% over the forecast period. This growth can be attributed to increasing concerns about poultry health and the need to prevent and treat diseases effectively. For example, outbreaks of avian influenza and other infectious diseases have highlighted the importance of proper disease management in the poultry industry. Paragraph 2: Asia-Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing and dominating region in the Poultry Antibiotic Market. The region has a large population, increasing disposable incomes, and a growing demand for poultry products. Furthermore, countries like China and India have substantial poultry production and are investing in modern poultry farming practices, driving the demand for antibiotics.

#Poultry Antibiotic Market #Poultry Antibiotic Market Demand #Poultry Antibiotic Market Outlook #Poultry Antibiotic Market Analysis #Poultry Antibiotic Market Overview #Poultry Antibiotic Market Insights #Poultry Antibiotic #poultry farming #bacteria #vaccination #probiotics #active pharmaceutical ingredients #Coherent Market Insights

[biblenewsprophecy]

#antibiotics #antibiotic resistance #bible prophecy #end time prophecy #superbug infections #bible in the news #news & prophecy #news & analysis

[jacensolodjo]

My Nausea came back with a vengeance. And with it my stubbornness. Lmao

But I know what the right course of action is I just don't wanna.

#old wolf grumps #im gonna have to go to the ER and see if they got my sensitivity analysis back lmao #because i do not believe these antibiotics are working #jacen's medical stuff #i need to get this shit under control sigh

[kajalfw]

https://www.merexpression.com/read-blog/110547_global-antibiotics-market-size-overview-key-players-and-forecast-2028.html

#Antibiotics Market Scope #Antibiotics Market Share #Antibiotics Market Analysis

[marryp]

#Animal Antimicrobial And Antibiotics Market COVID-19 Analysis Report #Animal Antimicrobial And Antibiotics Market Demand Outlook #Animal Antimicrobial And Antibiotics Market Primary Research #Animal Antimicrobial And Antibiotics Market Size and Growth #Animal Antimicrobial And Antibiotics Market Trends #Animal Antimicrobial And Antibiotics Market #global Animal Antimicrobial And Antibiotics market by Application #global Animal Antimicrobial And Antibiotics Market by rising trends #Animal Antimicrobial And Antibiotics Market Development #Animal Antimicrobial And Antibiotics market Future #Animal Antimicrobial And Antibiotics Market Growth #Animal Antimicrobial And Antibiotics market in Key Countries #Animal Antimicrobial And Antibiotics Market Latest Report #Animal Antimicrobial And Antibiotics market SWOT analysis #Animal Antimicrobial And Antibiotics market Top Manufacturers #Animal Antimicrobial And Antibiotics Sales market #Animal Antimicrobial And Antibiotics Market COVID-19 Impact Analysis Report #Animal Antimicrobial And Antibiotics Market Primary and Secondary Research #Animal Antimicrobial And Antibiotics Market Size #Animal Antimicrobial And Antibiotics Market Share #Animal Antimicrobial And Antibiotics Market Research Analysis #Animal Antimicrobial And Antibiotics Market Trends and Outlook #Animal Antimicrobial And Antibiotics Industry Analysis

[hitslab999]

All You Need To Know About Nutritional Analysis Testing Laboratory

Are you a health-conscious person who studies the nutritional content of food items regularly when you go on a shopping spree? Nowadays, most of us are very cautious about the foods we consume in our bodies.

Therefore, there's a huge demand for being completely open about the ingredients used and their nutritional value when it comes to food items.

To allow people to make healthier decisions regarding food items, the idea of nutrition labeling was introduced and the practice of displaying information on nutrition on foodstuffs became obligatory in India.

Apart from FSSAI, there are a myriad of local nutritional testing labs and services in PAN India that analyze different food items and verify if they follow the FSSAI guidelines or not.

Importance Of Nutritional Analysis Testing Laboratory

If you're working in the Food industry or considering beginning one, Our Nutritional Analysis Testing laboratory will help you achieve national and state regulations with comprehensive nutritional testing for labeling.

In accordance with the Food Safety and Standards (Packaging and Labeling) Regulations, 2011, as notified by FSSAI the nutritional information needs to be listed on the packaging.

If the limits do not match with what has been specified on the label or not falling in line with the regulatory guidelines then the product will be considered a misbranded/substandard product and the food business operator is liable to be punished. The law also requires regular tests on food products to be conducted for the ingredient and food products.

Why Do You Need Hormones and Antibiotics Testing Laboratory? 

Gram-positive bacteria from the genus Streptomyces are microorganisms that are of industrial importance that produce more than 70 percent of commercially significant antibiotics. Producing these chemicals is usually controlled by low-molecular-weight bacterial hormones known as autoregulation.

Growth hormones in meat may affect prepubescent kids. If a child isn't producing growth hormones and is consuming these growth hormones via dairy or meat products can cause the child to enter puberty about seven months prior to the age of puberty, a study revealed. Undoubtedly there are so many testing services out there which can surely help you with the process of testing but not every single one of them is legitimate. That’s the reason you need Hormones and Antibiotics Testing Laboratory. So make sure to visit our official website of the HITS lab where we usually serve varieties of services at very affordable pricing. 

#nutritional analysis testing laboratory #hormones and antibiotics testing laboratory #testing laboratory dubai #dubai testing laboratory

[teeresearch]

Vitamins And Nutrition Supplements Market - Forecast (2022 - 2027)

Vitamins And Nutrition Supplements Market Overview: 

According to the World Health Organization, malnutrition is one of the greatest global health challenges. Approximately 155 million children under the age of 5 years were suffering from malnutrition in the year 2016, a statistic that hasn’t experienced any alleviation since[1].  Combating this problem requires a consistent infusion of essential nutrients, and vitamins in the bodies of children at a young age. This has been a building block for the vitamins and nutrition supplements market, which according to the analyst at IndustryARC had an estimated market size between $52 billion to $56 billion in 2018. The market is also estimated to grow at a noteworthy CAGR of 5.2%-5.6% during the forecast period of 2019-2025. Geographically, North America leads the vitamins and nutrition supplements market with a regional share of 34%-38% as of 2018 owing to Food and Agriculture Organization’s dedicated efforts towards eradicating malnutrition amongst children of America, and the world.  

Vitamins And Nutrition Supplements Market Outlook:

In the current world, dietary supplements are significant in fighting malnutrition, which is equally faced by overweight, and obese people due to their poor eating habits. Vitamin and nutrition supplements are easily accessible and do not require a prescription for purchasing from the market. Nutritional supplements include antibiotics, enzymes, polyphenols, amino acids, and collagen capsules. With an increase in working class, it has become harder to acquire all the nutrients through a balanced diet alone. This drives the vitamins, and nutritional supplements market as people solicit the products for achieving their nutritional goals. These supplements are abundantly available in hypermarkets, and supermarkets which also forms the leading segment of the market, and is expected to grow at a normal CAGR of 2%-3% during the forecast period of 2019-2025. 

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Vitamins And Nutrition Supplements Market Drivers:

Hidden Hunger: A Stealthy Epidemic 

Contrary to popular belief, obese and overweight people are equally likely to suffer from malnutrition. Termed as ‘hidden hunger’, this is a severe problem where people get sufficient calories, but miss out on imperative nutrients. This makes products from the vitamins and nutrition market absolutely essential for the general public. International organizations like the World Food Programme are tirelessly working towards ensuring better health in the public through a combination of a balanced diet, and consumption of vitamins and nutrition supplements. Hidden hunger propels the growth of the market, and increases sales in the supermarkets.

Lack of Essential Nutrients Causes Deficiencies

Vitamin deficiency causes many diseases in our bodies. A lack of vitamin A is attributed to night blindness, and a lack of Vitamin C causes scurvy. Vitamin D deficiency, the most common of all, causes bone pain, and muscle weakness in the body. Needless to say, in the current global scenario, with a large number of adult population working inside offices, it is not possible to meet our daily nutritional needs just by diet alone. Similarly, consumers are also embracing a holistic lifestyle for better productivity in their personal lives. This factor drives the growth of vitamin and nutrition supplements market, and helps it earn more market revenue.

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Vitamins And Nutrition Supplements Market Challenges: 

One of the major challenges of the vitamins and nutrition supplements market is the propagation of eating a nutritional diet. Harvard Health has disseminated the idea of acquiring all essential vitamins, and minerals through a diet alone instead of consuming vitamins, and minerals[2]. Companies can combat this challenge by producing nutritional supplements from organic sources, and making their products more natural.

Vitamins And Nutrition Supplements Market Key Players Perspective:

The Archer Daniels Midland Company, headquartered in Chicago, Illinois is one of the key players in the vitamins, and nutrition supplements market. In 2018, the company acquired Neovia, an animal nutrition solution company for 1.56 billion in order to expand the footprint of their supplements, and introduce animal nutrition in their products as well.

Some of the other key players in the vitamins and nutrition supplements market are E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Bayer AG, Koninklijke DSM N.V., Archer Daniels Midland Company, BASF SE, Glanbia PLC, Herbalife International of America, Inc., NBTY INC, Reckitt Benckiser Group plc, NutraMarks Inc., and Pharmavite LLC, Others. 

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Vitamins And Nutrition Supplements Market Trends:

Consumers Gravitating Towards Organic Supplements

The rise of organic industry has reached the dietary supplements market as well. Companies are now developing 100% organic vitamins and nutrition supplements from agricultural produce which are in high demand amongst the customer base. These organic supplements have to comply with federal laws laid down by The American Herbal Products Association, Organic Trade Association, and Quality Assurance International Inc. 

Vitamins And Nutrition Supplements Market Research Scope 

The base year of the study is 2018, with forecast done up to 2025. The study presents a thorough analysis of the competitive landscape, taking into account the market shares of the leading companies. It also provides information on unit shipments. These provide the key market participants with the necessary business intelligence and help them understand the future of the vitamins and nutrition supplements market. The assessment includes the forecast, an overview of the competitive structure, the market shares of the competitors, as well as the market trends, market demands, market drivers, market challenges, and product analysis. The market drivers and restraints have been assessed to fathom their impact over the forecast period. This report further identifies the key opportunities for growth while also detailing the key challenges and possible threats. The key areas of focus include the types of vitamins and nutrition supplements market, and their specific applications in different areas.

Vitamins And Nutrition Supplements Report: Industry Coverage

The vitamins and nutrition supplements market is segmented on the basis of type, key ingredients, dispensing form, target end user, and distribution channel. On the basis of target end user, the most important, the market is bifurcated into infants, athletes, gym goers, women, and elders. 

The vitamins and nutrition supplements market report also analyzes the major geographic regions for the market as well as the major countries for the market in these regions. 

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The regions and countries covered in the study include:

North America: The U.S., Canada, Mexico

South America: Brazil, Venezuela, Argentina, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Costa Rica

Europe: The U.K., Germany, Italy, France, The Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Denmark

APAC: China, Japan, Australia, South Korea, India, Taiwan, Malaysia, Hong Kong

Middle East and Africa: Israel, South Africa, Saudi Arabia

A Few Focus Points Of This Research Are Given Below:

Give a deep-dive analysis of the key operational strategies with focus on the corporate structure, R&D strategies, localization strategies, production capabilities, and sales performance of various companies

Provide an overview of the product portfolio, including product planning, development, and positioning

Discuss the role of technology companies in partnerships

Explore the regional sales activities

Analyze the market size and giving the forecast for current and future global Vitamins And Nutrition Supplements market during the forecast 2018–2023

Analyze the competitive factors, competitors’ market shares, product capabilities, and supply chain structures

For more Food and Beverages related reports, please click here

#vitamins and nutrition supplements market #vitamins and nutrition supplements market size #vitamins and nutrition supplements market share #vitamins and nutrition supplements market report #vitamins and nutrition supplements market analysis #vitamins and nutrition supplements market research #vitamin supplement market #vitamin supplement market report #vitamin supplement market size #malnutrition #eating habits #antibiotics #overweight

[pharma-research-consulting]

Antibiotic API Market with Big Boom in Forthcoming Year with Top Key Players are Aurobindo Pharma Limited, Centrient Pharmaceuticals, CordenPharma International, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co

Antibiotic API Market Overview

The Research report on Antibiotic API contains all relevant information. By providing its clients with accurate data, it provides the market outlook and aids in the making of crucial decisions. The market size, share, dynamics, and forecast for major segments and sub-segments are provided in this report, which combines primary and secondary research. This market research study keeps track of all the latest advancements and changes in the industry. It gives the data regarding the obstacles while establishing the business and guides to overcome the upcoming challenges and obstacles.

Get a Sample copy of the report:

https://pharmaresearchconsulting.com/reports/antibiotic-api-market-global-growth-trends-and-forecast-2022-2029-by-types-penicillin-antibiotics-cephalosporins-antibiotics-by-end-user-pharmaceutical-companies-contract-manufacturing-organizations-and-by-regions

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#Antibiotic API Market Antibiotic API Market Growth Antibiotic API Market Demand Antibiotic API Market Analysis Antibiotic API Market Sales A

[jcmarchi]

Using AI, MIT researchers identify a new class of antibiotic candidates

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/using-ai-mit-researchers-identify-a-new-class-of-antibiotic-candidates/

Using AI, MIT researchers identify a new class of antibiotic candidates

Using a type of artificial intelligence known as deep learning, MIT researchers have discovered a class of compounds that can kill a drug-resistant bacterium that causes more than 10,000 deaths in the United States every year.

In a study appearing today in Nature, the researchers showed that these compounds could kill methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) grown in a lab dish and in two mouse models of MRSA infection. The compounds also show very low toxicity against human cells, making them particularly good drug candidates.

A key innovation of the new study is that the researchers were also able to figure out what kinds of information the deep-learning model was using to make its antibiotic potency predictions. This knowledge could help researchers to design additional drugs that might work even better than the ones identified by the model.

“The insight here was that we could see what was being learned by the models to make their predictions that certain molecules would make for good antibiotics. Our work provides a framework that is time-efficient, resource-efficient, and mechanistically insightful, from a chemical-structure standpoint, in ways that we haven’t had to date,” says James Collins, the Termeer Professor of Medical Engineering and Science in MIT’s Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES) and Department of Biological Engineering.

Felix Wong, a postdoc at IMES and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, and Erica Zheng, a former Harvard Medical School graduate student who was advised by Collins, are the lead authors of the study, which is part of the Antibiotics-AI Project at MIT. The mission of this project, led by Collins, is to discover new classes of antibiotics against seven types of deadly bacteria, over seven years.

Explainable predictions

MRSA, which infects more than 80,000 people in the United States every year, often causes skin infections or pneumonia. Severe cases can lead to sepsis, a potentially fatal bloodstream infection.

Over the past several years, Collins and his colleagues in MIT’s Abdul Latif Jameel Clinic for Machine Learning in Health (Jameel Clinic) have begun using deep learning to try to find new antibiotics. Their work has yielded potential drugs against Acinetobacter baumannii, a bacterium that is often found in hospitals, and many other drug-resistant bacteria.

These compounds were identified using deep learning models that can learn to identify chemical structures that are associated with antimicrobial activity. These models then sift through millions of other compounds, generating predictions of which ones may have strong antimicrobial activity.

These types of searches have proven fruitful, but one limitation to this approach is that the models are “black boxes,” meaning that there is no way of knowing what features the model based its predictions on. If scientists knew how the models were making their predictions, it could be easier for them to identify or design additional antibiotics.

“What we set out to do in this study was to open the black box,” Wong says. “These models consist of very large numbers of calculations that mimic neural connections, and no one really knows what’s going on underneath the hood.”

First, the researchers trained a deep learning model using substantially expanded datasets. They generated this training data by testing about 39,000 compounds for antibiotic activity against MRSA, and then fed this data, plus information on the chemical structures of the compounds, into the model.

“You can represent basically any molecule as a chemical structure, and also you tell the model if that chemical structure is antibacterial or not,” Wong says. “The model is trained on many examples like this. If you then give it any new molecule, a new arrangement of atoms and bonds, it can tell you a probability that that compound is predicted to be antibacterial.”

To figure out how the model was making its predictions, the researchers adapted an algorithm known as Monte Carlo tree search, which has been used to help make other deep learning models, such as AlphaGo, more explainable. This search algorithm allows the model to generate not only an estimate of each molecule’s antimicrobial activity, but also a prediction for which substructures of the molecule likely account for that activity.

Potent activity

To further narrow down the pool of candidate drugs, the researchers trained three additional deep learning models to predict whether the compounds were toxic to three different types of human cells. By combining this information with the predictions of antimicrobial activity, the researchers discovered compounds that could kill microbes while having minimal adverse effects on the human body.

Using this collection of models, the researchers screened about 12 million compounds, all of which are commercially available. From this collection, the models identified compounds from five different classes, based on chemical substructures within the molecules, that were predicted to be active against MRSA.

The researchers purchased about 280 compounds and tested them against MRSA grown in a lab dish, allowing them to identify two, from the same class, that appeared to be very promising antibiotic candidates. In tests in two mouse models, one of MRSA skin infection and one of MRSA systemic infection, each of those compounds reduced the MRSA population by a factor of 10.

Experiments revealed that the compounds appear to kill bacteria by disrupting their ability to maintain an electrochemical gradient across their cell membranes. This gradient is needed for many critical cell functions, including the ability to produce ATP (molecules that cells use to store energy). An antibiotic candidate that Collins’ lab discovered in 2020, halicin, appears to work by a similar mechanism but is specific to Gram-negative bacteria (bacteria with thin cell walls). MRSA is a Gram-positive bacterium, with thicker cell walls.

“We have pretty strong evidence that this new structural class is active against Gram-positive pathogens by selectively dissipating the proton motive force in bacteria,” Wong says. “The molecules are attacking bacterial cell membranes selectively, in a way that does not incur substantial damage in human cell membranes. Our substantially augmented deep learning approach allowed us to predict this new structural class of antibiotics and enabled the finding that it is not toxic against human cells.”

The researchers have shared their findings with Phare Bio, a nonprofit started by Collins and others as part of the Antibiotics-AI Project. The nonprofit now plans to do more detailed analysis of the chemical properties and potential clinical use of these compounds. Meanwhile, Collins’ lab is working on designing additional drug candidates based on the findings of the new study, as well as using the models to seek compounds that can kill other types of bacteria.

“We are already leveraging similar approaches based on chemical substructures to design compounds de novo, and of course, we can readily adopt this approach out of the box to discover new classes of antibiotics against different pathogens,” Wong says.

In addition to MIT, Harvard, and the Broad Institute, the paper’s contributing institutions are Integrated Biosciences, Inc., the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, and the Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research in Dresden, Germany. The research was funded by the James S. McDonnell Foundation, the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the Swiss National Science Foundation, the Banting Fellowships Program, the Volkswagen Foundation, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, the U.S. National Institutes of Health, and the Broad Institute. The Antibiotics-AI Project is funded by the Audacious Project, Flu Lab, the Sea Grape Foundation, the Wyss Foundation, and an anonymous donor.

#000 #ai #algorithm #Analysis #Antibiotics #antimicrobial #approach #arrangement #artificial #Artificial Intelligence #atoms #Bacteria #Biological engineering #black box #bloodstream #box #Broad Institute #cell #Cells #chemical #classes #course #data #datasets #Deep Learning #defense #Design #Diseases #drug #drug discovery

[kajalfw12]

https://twikkers.nl/blogs/202891/Animal-Antibiotics-and-Antimicrobials-Market-Share-Overview-Competitive-Analysis-and

The Animal Antibiotics and Antimicrobials Market in 2023 is US$ 4.9 billion, and is expected to reach US$ 6.87 billion by 2031 at a CAGR of 4.30%. The global animal antibiotics and antimicrobials market is a critical sector that intersects public health, veterinary care, and agriculture. With the rise of antibiotic resistance and the One Health approach in tackling infectious diseases, the role of these pharmaceuticals in maintaining animal welfare and food security has never been more crucial. This comprehensive analysis will explore the current market landscape, major players, regulatory influences, market growth drivers, technological advancements, and the future of this indispensable industry.

#Animal Antibiotics and Antimicrobials Market Size #Animal Antibiotics and Antimicrobials Market Share #Animal Antibiotics and Antimicrobials Market Analysis

[markettrend24]

Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market 2022 Global Industry Extensive Competitive Landscape on Size, Volume, Trends, Share and Revenue| Regional Forecast By 2028

Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market 2022 Global Industry Extensive Competitive Landscape on Size, Volume, Trends, Share and Revenue| Regional Forecast By 2028

This report studies the Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market with many aspects of the industry like the market size, market status, market trends and forecast, the report also provides brief information of the competitors and the specific growth opportunities with key market drivers. Find the complete Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market analysis segmented by companies, region, type and…

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#Antibiotic Residue Test Kits #Antibiotic Residue Test Kits forecast #Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Industry #Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market #Antibiotic Residue Test Kits price #Antibiotic Residue Test Kits report #Antibiotic Residue Test Kits research #Antibiotic Residue Test Kits share #Antibiotic Residue Test Kits trends #Covid-19 Impact Analysis

[jesse-pinkman123]

The report examines the Veterinary Antibiotics market with respect to the industry trends, growth rate, prospects, drivers, restraints, threats, and lucrative opportunities, by means of distinguishing the high-growth segments of the market through the various stakeholders.

#Veterinary Antibiotics Market Outlook #Veterinary Antibiotics Market Analysis