#Antibiotic Residue Test Kits report

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Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market 2022 Global Industry Extensive Competitive Landscape on Size, Volume, Trends, Share and Revenue| Regional Forecast By 2028

Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market 2022 Global Industry Extensive Competitive Landscape on Size, Volume, Trends, Share and Revenue| Regional Forecast By 2028

This report studies the Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market with many aspects of the industry like the market size, market status, market trends and forecast, the report also provides brief information of the competitors and the specific growth opportunities with key market drivers. Find the complete Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market analysis segmented by companies, region, type and…

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Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market: Global Industry Analysis, Market Size, and Forecasts up to 2030

The report on the global antibiotic residue test kits market provides qualitative and quantitative analysis for the period from 2017 to 2025. The report predicts the global antibiotic residue test kits market to grow with a CAGR of 6.67% over the forecast period from 2019-2025. The study on antibiotic residue test kits market covers the analysis of the leading geographies such as North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and RoW for the period of 2017 to 2025. The report on antibiotic residue test kits market is a comprehensive study and presentation of drivers, restraints, opportunities, demand factors, market size, forecasts, and trends in the global antibiotic residue test kits market over the period of 2017 to 2025. Moreover, the report is a collective presentation of primary and secondary research findings.

Get More Information Here: https://www.sdki.jp/sample-request-103959 Porter's five forces model in the report provides insights into the competitive rivalry, supplier and buyer positions in the market and opportunities for the new entrants in the global antibiotic residue test kits market over the period of 2017 to 2025. Further, IGR- Growth Matrix gave in the report brings an insight into the investment areas that existing or new market players can consider. Report Findings 1) Drivers • Advanced technology in the antibiotic residue test kits can control or inhibit the microorganism’s growth in food • Rising awareness for the benefits and essentiality of antibiotic residual test kits in the food & beverages as well as dairy industry 2) Restraints • Less awareness about antibiotic residue test kit and its tests 3) Opportunities • Rising the health consciousness and health benefits of antibiotic residue test kits and increasing demand from dairy and food & beverages industry Research Methodology A) Primary Research Our primary research involves extensive interviews and analysis of the opinions provided by the primary respondents. The primary research starts with identifying and approaching the primary respondents, the primary respondents are approached include 1. Key Opinion Leaders associated with Infinium Global Research 2. Internal and External subject matter experts 3. Professionals and participants from the industry Our primary research respondents typically include 1. Executives working with leading companies in the market under review 2. Product/brand/marketing managers 3. CXO level executives 4. Regional/zonal/ country managers 5. Vice President level executives. B) Secondary Research Secondary research involves extensive exploring through the secondary sources of information available in both the public domain and paid sources. At Infinium Global Research, each research study is based on over 500 hours of secondary research accompanied by primary research. The information obtained through the secondary sources is validated through the crosscheck on various data sources. The secondary sources of the data typically include 1. Company reports and publications 2. Government/institutional publications 3. Trade and associations journals 4. Databases such as WTO, OECD, World Bank, and among others. 5. Websites and publications by research agencies Segment Covered The global antibiotic residue test kits market is segmented on the basis of product type, and end user. The Global Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market by Product Type • Tetracycline • Macrolides • Beta-lactams • Aminoglycosides • Amphenicols • Sulfonamides The Global Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market by End User • Food and Beverages Industry • Veterinary • Independent Laboratories • Other End Users Company Profiles The companies covered in the report include • Thermo Fischer Scientific • Eurofins Scientific • Labtek Services Ltd. • Charm Sciences • DSM • NEOGEN Food Safety • R-Biopharm AG • Sciex • IDEXX Labs • Perkin Elmer (BioScientific Corp.) What does this report deliver? 1. Comprehensive analysis of the global as well as regional markets of the antibiotic residue test kits market. 2. Complete coverage of all the segments in the antibiotic residue test kits market to analyze the trends, developments in the global market and forecast of market size up to 2025. 3. Comprehensive analysis of the companies operating in the global antibiotic residue test kits market. The company profile includes analysis of product portfolio, revenue, SWOT analysis and latest developments of the company. 4. IGR- Growth Matrix presents an analysis of the product segments and geographies that market players should focus to invest, consolidate, expand and/or diversify.

The dynamic nature of business environment in the current global economy is raising the need amongst business professionals to update themselves with current situations in the market. To cater such needs, Shibuya Data Count provides market research reports to various business professionals across different industry verticals, such as healthcare & pharmaceutical, IT & telecom, chemicals and advanced materials, consumer goods & food, energy & power, manufacturing & construction, industrial automation & equipment and agriculture & allied activities amongst others.

For more information, please contact:

Hina Miyazu

Shibuya Data Count Email: [email protected] Tel: + 81 3 45720790

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Toxopathological Studies on Some Antimicrobial Drugs in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) and Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus)

Introduction

 Fish consider one of the healthiest food as it is low in fat and rich in protein and omega 3 Fayet-Moore [1] & Yipel [2]. The fish farming industry is rapidly expanding in Egypt, as well as in other countries, it has been associated with recurrent bacterial infectious diseases. Farmed Nile tilapia represents more than 58.45, while catfish production is about 3.08% of the total aquaculture harvest in Egypt Gafrd [3]. Antimicrobial medications are used extensively in aquacultures for prophylactic or therapeutic purposes during microbial infections which may result in environmental pollution, development of resistant bacteria and my induce toxicity to human and animals Aly [4] & Khalil [5]. The availability of adequate data on the pharmacokinetics of antimicrobial agents in farmed fish is very important in order to minimize the environmental impacts of the drugs used in aquaculture. Since the excess amount of drugs can do harm to people, the European Union (EU) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prescribed a Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) for these drugs. The EU MRLs of CPX and SDM in fish were established at 100μg/kg Rezk [6] and 6-8μg/kg for quinolens in the edible tissues of fish Victoria [7].  

 Quinolones are effective antibacterial drugs widely used in human and veterinary medicine because of their potential therapeutic efficacy Plakas [8], Guo [9], Victoria [7] & Koc [10]. Ciprofloxacin is one of the most potent quinolones used to treat infections with gram negative bacteria as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Haemophilus spp., and is also effective against some grampositive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus Davis [11] & Van Bambeke [12]. Oxytetracycline (OTC) is an antibacterial agent of tetracycline family that is extensively used for treatment of certain bacterial diseases in aquaculture all over the world Ambili [13]. The withdrawal time for edible tissue is differing according to the water temperature and the type of aquatic system Jeffry [14]. Because of the wide spread and long-time use of OTC, many residue studies have been recorded Rigos [15-16] & Julie [17].

 Sulfonamides are the oldest antimicrobial agents and still play an important role in aquaculture treatments. Sulfamethazine (SMZ) is the most used antimicrobial drug in Veterinary field. Sulfonamides residues have been repeatedly detected in the aquatic environment Kolpin [18] & Batt [19]. Moreover sulphamethoxazole residues have been reported in shrimp by Wang [20]. Sulfamethoxazole is an effective bacteriostatic against gram positive as well as gram negative bacteria; it affects bacteria by inhibiting folic acid synthesis Baran [21]. Antimicrobial drug residues may be transferred through food-chain to human and induce antibiotic resistance. To our knowledge, however, very few data are available about residues of ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline and SDM in farmed Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) and catfish (C. gariepinus) reared under field conditions. However, this study aimed to investigate serum concentration peaks of ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline and SDM post-treatment and their residues in liver, kidney and muscles together with serum biochemical estimation and histopathological examinations.

Materials and Methods

Animals and diet

Three hundred and sixty fish from each of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus), and catfish (C.gariepinus) (weight, about 50 and 75g for tilapia and catfish, respectively) were supplied from Central Lab for Aquaculture Research (CLAR), Egypt and used in this experiment that was performed in triplicates, following the Universal Directive on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. Four different basal diets (control, CIP, oxytetracycline and sulfadimethoxine) were prepared in the form of pellets to use in the study. Basal diets were prepared by grinding the corn to granules using 0.5mm mesh (Thomes-Willey Laboratory Mill Model 4). Ingredients were mixed mechanically by horizontal mixture (Hobarts model D300T) at a low speed for 30 minutes. Oil (vegetable & cod liver) was added gradually to assure the homogeneity of the ingredients, the mixing speed increased for 5 minutes during the addition of water (600ml water) until the mixture began to clump. Pellets were then prepared using a pellet machine (CPM California pellet mill Co.) with 0.5cm diameter, and pellets were left to dry in air for 24 hrs (Table 1).

Fish with a history of no previous medication, were divided into 4 groups (each of three replicates, 30 fish each) and held in floating cages placed in fish farm ponds and group 1 fed a basal diet while groups 2-4 fed a medicated diet containing 1g CIP, 7.5g OTC and 25mg SDM/kg ration; respectively on a daily bases for five successive days. The temperature was recorded every 12h and adjusted to (26-30°C). The treatment was carried out once daily at 9 a.m. for 5 successive days at a rate of 1 .0% biomass using automatic feeders. Salinity, pH and total hardness were adjusted to, 3±1.1%, 8.21±0.21 and 38.9±1.9mg/L; respectively.

Sampling of the fish

The first sampling day was the 5th day of medication (0 day post treatment), and on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st days after the end of treatment with the antimicrobials. At each time of sampling, 15 fish from each group (5fish/replicate) were netted. Fish were anesthetized by immersion in water containing 0.1ppm MS-222 and blood samples were collected. Serum samples and muscle, liver and kidney specimens were collected from all groups. Muscle samples were taken from the dorso-lateral body area just posterior to the operculum. Each specimen was placed in a polyethylene bag and stored at -80°C until they were analyzed. CIP, OTC and SDM concentrations were estimated by ELISA.

Biochemical Studies

The activities of Asparate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (AP), creatinine and urea, were estimated using commercial diagnostic Kits (Human Diagnostics, Germany). Methods were carried out according to the company directions.

Histopathological examinations

Tissues specimens from the muscles, liver and kidneys were collected at 5th day post-treatment and processed routinely according to Drury and Wallington (1980). Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and examined by light microscope.

Statistical analysis:

Statistical analysis was performed using the one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test to determine the differences among the six fish groups (mean at significance level of P<0.05). All analyses were run on the computer using SAS program Chris Hemedinger [2].

Results

Drug residues

Mean concentrations of the drugs (mean ± SE) vs. time in the serum, liver, kidney and musculature were recorded in (Table 1-3). The peak concentrations of the three drugs in serum were at 0 day. The lowest drug residues were seen in the muscles throughout the entire experiment.

Ciprofloxacine: Results obtained after oral dose of 1 g CIP/kg ration for 5 successive days were shown in (Table 2). The highest recorded concentrations of CIP in sera of Nile tilapia and Catfish were (1.91±0.38ug/ml) and (1.78±0.36ug/ml), respectively at 0 day. CIP concentrations were identified all over the experiment in kidneys with the highest concentrations (2.1±0.65ug/g) at 1st day in Nile tilapia and (1.80±0.64ug/g) at 0 day in kidneys in catfish. CIP neither detected in muscles of Nile tilapia nor of Catfish at 14th and 21st days post-treatment while, were not detect in livers of both kinds of fish at 21st days post-treatment.

Oxytetracycline: (Table 3) shows the serum, liver, kidney and muscle concentrations of OTC versus time in Tilapia and Catfish after oral administration of 75mg OTC/kg ration for 5 successive days. Peaks of OTC in serum were (2.15±0.41ug/ ml) and (2.02±0.31ug/ml) at 0 day in Nile tilapia and Catfish; respectively while, it was not detect in sera of both fish species after 14th and 21st days but detected only in one Catfish (0.03μg / ml) at 7th day post treatment. The highest tissue residues of OTC were (6.1±1.21ug/g) and (7.4±1.35ug/g) in liver of Nile tilapia and Catfish; respectively at 0 day of the treatment. In Nile tilapia and Catfish the OCT concentrations in kidneys were 0.08±0.04 and 0.05±0.02 (μg /g); respectively at 21st day post treatment. The lowest drug residues were in muscles throughout the entire experiment. OCT concentrations were detected in muscles of Nile tilapia and Catfish at (0.10±0.03ug/g) and (0.14±0.02ug/g); respectively after 21 days post treatment

Sulphadimethoxine: (Table 4) showed the mean concentrations of SDM in Nile tilapia and Catfish sera and tissues versus time profile after oral administration of 25mg SDM/kg ration for 5 successive days. The highest serum concentrations of SDM were (3.12±0.32ug/ml) and (2.98±0.46ug/ml) at 0 day in Nile tilapia and Catfish; respectively while it was detected in only one Tilapia fish (0.04μg /ml) at 7th day of treatment and not thereafter was detected. SDM was detected in kidneys of both Tilapia and catfish all over the experiment. SDM highest concentrations in kidney were at 0 day post-treatment (44.2±5.1ug/g) and (31.2±4.6ug/g) in Nile tilapia and Catfish; respectively. At 21st day of treatment; SDM was not detected in muscles and liver of Catfish but detected only in one Tilapia fish (0.11ug/g and 0.03ug/g in liver and muscles; respectively).

Biochemical results

(Figure 1,2) represented the biochemical results at 5th day of oral administration of CIP, OTC and SDM in both Nile tilapia and Catfish. ALT was significantly increased in both fish species after 5 days of oral administration of the three drugs compared with control. In Tilapia fish AST was significantly increased after administration of the three tested drugs while, in Catfish AST was significantly increased after administration of OTC and SDM in comparison with control. Creatinine was significantly increased in Nile tilapia with all three drugs but in Catfish it was significantly increased with OTC and SDM whereas not increased with CIP. Urea was significantly increased in Tilapia fish after administration of all drugs except OTC while, in Catfish urea was significantly increased in both OTC and SDM but not significantly changed in case of CIP compared with control.

Histopathological results

The oral administration of 1g CIP/kg ration for 5 successive days in Nile tilapia and Catfish at 5th days post-treatment, revealed minimal histopatholoigical alterations in comparison with the other treated groups. The musculature exhibited hyaline degeneration in few muscle bundles (Figure 3), the liver displayed nuclear pyknosis of some hepatocytes with mild parenchymal edema (Figure 4) while the kidneys showed proliferation of melanomachrophage cells and mild tubular nephrosis in the renal epithelium (Figure 5). The oral administration of 75mg OTC/kg ration, for 5 successive days in Tilapia and Catfish at 5th day posttreatment, revealed edema and focal hyaline degeneration in the musculature (Figure 6). Focal proliferation of melanomoacrophage cells was observed in the liver and kidney parenchyma. Wide spread vacuolar degeneration in the hepatocytes (Figure 7) and tubular nephroses in the renal tubular epithelium (Figure 8) were evident.

The oral administration of 25mg SDM/kg ration, for 5 successive days in both Nile tilapia and Catfish at 5th days posttreatment, revealed edema and hyaline degeneration as well as focal Zenker’s necrosis in the musculature with focal of mononuclear leukocytic infiltration (Figure 9). The liver exhibited wide spread vacuolar degeneration as well as coagulative necrosis in the hepatocytes with some mononuclear cells infiltration and melanomacrophages (Figure 10). The kidney showed tubular nephrosis mainly vacuolar degeneration with few cells exhibited coagulative necrosis, hyaline casts and few mononuclear cells infiltrations were evident (Figure 11).

Discussion:

Using of antimicrobial drugs in aquaculture production is one of the main sources of environmental pollution Pruden [23]; Rico & Van den Brink [24]. During the past years there was increase in the occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria and this is of critical implications on public health Gouvêa [25] & Rezk [6]. Quesada [26] & Guidi [27] mentioned that tetracycline, oxytetracycline (tetracyclines), enrofloxacin (quinolones), and sulfadimethoxine (sulfonamide) are most commonly used antibiotics in aquaculture worldwide and the presence of their residues in food could resulted in health hazards and toxic effects. Therefore, understanding the depletion of drugs from different tissues of fish is of extreme importance and the drug residues must be assessed in order to determine the time needed before the antimicrobials disappear from the tissues and to judge when the treated fish can be safely consumed. There are limited data about the occurrence of drugresidues in intensive culture of freshwater fishes in Egypt, hence the goal of this study was to estimate tissue distribution and residue depletion after oral administration of CIP, OTC and SDM in Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) and catfish (C. gariepinus).

The elimination and residues of antimicrobials depend upon dose, duration, fish species, and aquaculture conditions He [28]. Nile tilapia and catfish are kinds of tropical fish and the appropriate temperature for survival is ranging between 24– 32°C. The water temperature in this study was 26-30°C and the research was conducted on healthy fish in conditions those are quite close to actual aquaculture. In this study the withdrawal time of CIP from serum in both O. niloticus and C. gariepinus was almost 7days. Guo [9] concluded that CIP in eels eliminated from plasma for about 298h, after oral gavage of a single dose (10μg / kg). Wu [30] reported that, elimination half life of enrofloxacine and its metabolite ciprofloxacin were 15.61, 16.83, and 17.19h in muscle, liver, and plasma of Tilapia; respectively. Ciprofloxacin concentration was 0.3 and 0.1μg/g in liver and muscle of Chinese mitten-handed crab after single intramuscular injection of 5.0mg enrofloxacin/kg body weight Guanghong [31]. The maximum enrofloxacin concentrations in the muscle, liver and plasma of O. niloticus were 3.61μg/g, 5.96μg/g and 1.25μg/ml; respectively after oral dose of enrofloxacine (50mg/kg) for 7 days and the predicted withdrawal time was 22 days Weihai [32]. Withdrawal

time of CIP from muscle and liver under our experimental conditions was 14 days in both O. niloticus and C. gariepinus. Enrofloxacin metabolized into ciprofloxacin therefore, extended withdrawal time for enrofloxacin is recommended. Renal CIP concentrations in both O. niloticus and C. gariepinus were 0.12μg/g and 0.10μg/g; respectively at 21 days post-treatment. The main target organ for CIP metabolism is kidney Ole [33]. Our results showed that, serum OTC concentrations at 0 day posttreatment (5th day of medication) in Nile tilapia and catfish were 2.15 and 2.02μg/mL; respectively. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations specify OTC treatment in finfish culture at 55 to 83mg/kg fish per day for 10 days with a 21-day withdrawal prior introducing for food. After 21 days, OTC concentrations must be below the tolerance of 2ppm (μg/g). The mean peak concentrations of OTC at 0 day post-treatment in fish muscle of O. niloticus and C. gariepinus were 0.94 and 0.99μg/g; respectively. Comparable to other studies carried out in farmed fish; Bjorklund & Bylund [34] found peak OTC concentrations of 0.6-1.5ug/g in farmed rainbow trout and salmon. Our study showed that, OCT concentration in muscle was 0.10μg/g and 0.14μg/g in O. niloticus and C. gariepinus at 21 day post-treatment. Rigos [16] recorded plasma and muscle concentrations of OCT were 0.9±0.2μg/ml and 3.0 ±1.1 μg/g in seabream 150 hours post single intravascular injection (40mg/kg) while, at 24h post-oral dosing (75mg/kg) muscle and liver concentrations of OCT were 0.008 and 6.2±1.8 (μg/g); respectively. Julie [17] observed that OCT concentrations in muscles of adult rainbow trout were below 2ug/g by 21 days after withdrawal of OTC medicated feed for 10 days. Bjorklund & Bylund [34] reported OCT concentration in muscle of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri ) to be below 1ug/g by 14 days after drug withdrawal. Josè [35] concluded OTC concentrations in sea bream muscle were lower than in all the other tissues and declined under 0.1ug/g 20 days after treatment ceased. Meanwhile, Rigos [17] concluded poor intestinal absorption of OCT and that oral administration was unsuccessful in sharp snout sea bream. Reda [36] found that, the OTC residues in O. niloticus muscles were 0.05ug/g after a withdrawal period of 15 days when supplemented in diet at 100mg/kg diet for 12 weeks, this level was lower than the MRLs of OTC (0.1ug/g) that established by commission regulations, EU [37]. The differences between these species are likely the result of physiological differences between species and/ or differences in experimental design. Hepatic accumulation of OCT in our work was observed in both O. niloticus & C.s gariepinus (0.51 and 0.98μg/g) 21 day post-treatment, respectively. Hepatic metabolism is the major route for OCT metabolism in different fish species. Rigos [17] and Bjorklund & Bylund [34] recorded OTC hepatic accumulation. Ole [38] recorded the highest average concentrations of SDM in plasma and muscles of Atlantic salmon (14.30μg/ml and 17.72μg/g, respectively) after oral administration in feed for 5 consecutive days as well as the withdrawal time was 288, 300 and 350 hrs in muscle, liver and kidney; respectively. The elimination half-life of SDM from blood of rainbow trout was 24.5 hours after a single oral administration (200mg/kg), at a water temperature of 15°C Kauzauki [39]. Our work showed that, the highest average concentration of SDM in liver, kidney and muscle were 8.95, 44.2 and 2.15μg/g; respectively in Nile tilapia at 0 day post-treatment. The corresponding values in catfish were 6.14, 31.2 and 2.02μg/g; respectively. SDM was not detectible at the 21th day post-treatment in muscle of C. gariepinus and detected only in one O. niloticus.

Conclusion

The antimicrobial drugs based on dose and type may negatively impact the liver and kidney functions with significant changes in enzymatic parameters and histopathological picture [48-55]. Also, the three tested medications had residues in the liver, kidney and muscles of Nile tilapia and catfish, the lowest drug residues were in muscles. CIP is considered as the safest one with the least residues. For the control of fish bacterial diseases, preventive measures should be applied and during urgent need, the selection of correct antimicrobial agent is very important through frequent antimicrobial sensitivity testing. An antimicrobial with minimal residue limit should be selected to protect animal and human health from potential hazards caused by contaminated fish. However, further studies are needed to estimate the toxicity of therapies in the aquatic creatures and environment.

Ethical approval

All the animals were maintained in accordance with the National and International Institutional Guidelines for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific purposes.

Competing interest

The authors declare that they have no significant competing financial, professional or personal interests that might have influenced the performance or presentation of the work described in this manuscript.

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Medical Device Recalls to Watch In The New Year

The Food and Drug Administration has issued a number of medical device recalls in 2018 that, as we embark into 2019, may result in substantial litigation. Like many newly issued recalls, the potential for litigation exponentially increases dependent upon the affected population and the severity of the safety risk. While the damages caused by these recalls are not yet fully realized, they are certainly cause for concern going forward into the New Year. Below are a few medical device recalls worth keeping an eye on in 2019:

Zimmer Biomet Long Bone Growth and Spinal Fusion Stimulators

Zimmer Biomet, Inc. has recalled three of its products due to inadequate cleanliness – the EBI Osteogen Implantable Bone Growth Stimulator, SpF PLUS-Mini Implantable Spinal Fusion Stimulator, and the SpF-XL llb 2/DM Implantable Spinal Fusion Stimulator. Utilized to heal broken long bones or to help bones fuse after a spinal surgery, these devices lack adequate validation and controls to ensure they are clean and free from bacteria and chemical residue. According to the FDA, the recalled devices may cause infection, tissue death, impaired wound and bone healing, epidural abscess, secondary gastroenteritis, paralysis, organ damage, or death. They may require additional wound surgery or long-term antibiotic therapy. The FDA has issued a Class I recall, the most serious category of recalls, indicating that the devices may cause serious injuries or death. Approximately 1,360 units have been recalled in the United States since Zimmer Biomet, Inc. issued an Urgent Medical Device Recall Notification letter on February 19, 2018.

While no major class action lawsuits have been filed just yet, these recalls are the result of a lengthy history of problems within the company. The FDA issued a warning letter to Zimmer Biomet over quality violations found during inspections in 2016 and 2018, which may have led to the CEO’s resignation.

Roche Diagnostics CoaguChek XS PT Test Strips

Another one on the list of Class I medical device recalls is Roche Diagnostics CoaguChek XS PT Test Strips, a test strip used in conjunction with Roche INC Test Meters to monitor a patient’s response to warfarin, a type of blood thinner. After Roche recalibrated the test strips in January 2018 to correspond to a new standard, the company began receiving reports from patients experiencing abnormal test results. Over 1.1 million packages of test strips have been recalled. The FDA is warning patients and physicians that the strips should not be used to adjust blood thinner dosages, as the inaccuracies could cause serious injuries or death. Patients suffering from atrial fibrillation or recent thromboembolic events, and those with a mechanical heart valve, are particularly susceptible to serious injury from inaccurate INR readings.

Ventana Medical Systems Detection Kits

Ventana Medical Systems has recalled a number of detection kits used to indicate the presence of disease or other biomarkers in patients. Some detection kits have failed to accurately indicate biomarkers, which are used in the diagnosis of certain illnesses, resulting in false negatives for serious health conditions, including cancer. The false negatives appear to be caused by an issue with the staining chemicals, referred to as reagents, used during the immunohistochemistry (IHC) lab tests. The kit’s dispensers release reagents that change color depending upon certain biomarkers. However, the leaking and sticking of reagent dispensers could cause a test result to incorrectly indicate the absence of a biomarker.

Because a false negative may result in a serious illness going untreated, the use of these detection kits pose a serious health risk. As of now, no deaths or serious health issues have been reported. Approximately 38,000 kits have been recalled. The FDA has directed patients and physicians to discontinue the use of all affected detection kits and to perform re-testing if necessary.

BioMerieux VITEK 2 Gram Positive AST Cards

Similar to the Ventana Medical Systems detection kit recalls, BioMerieux has recalled its products used to detect bacteria and yeast. The VITEK 2 Gram Positive AST cards and the VITEK 2 Gram Positive Cefoxitin Screen use antibiotics, cefoxitin and oxacillin, to screen for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a bacteria that can cause skin infections, sepsis, pneumonia, and infections of the bloodstream. The tests are being recalled due to the possibility of false negatives when detecting certain strains of MRSA. As of now, the cause of the inaccurate results is unknown, and continued investigations will determine the root cause.

Because MRSA is a common cause of infections, it is important to accurately and immediately diagnose the prevalence of the bacteria in a patient. Lack of treatment of a MRSA infection can cause serious health issues, and even death. Categorized as a Class I recall, there have been over 13 million BioMerieux products recalled in the United States.

Compass Health Cushion Seals for Probasics Zzz-Mask SG Full Face CPAP Mask

The Probasics Brand Zzz-Mask SG Full Face CPAP Mask is used for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is a treatment that uses a machine to pump air into the airway of the lungs to keep the windpipe open while the patient is sleeping. The pumped air prevents airway collapse. The air is delivered through a mask, which is worn over the nose and mouth. The mask also has a cushion to provide a seal between the face and the mask.

Compass Health has recalled the replacement cushion seals for these masks because they are incompatible and may result in an air leak that can interrupt the airflow to the patient. Although no complaints or injuries have been reported, an improperly fitted cushion seal can pose serious health risks and impede the treatment of sleep apnea. The inability to effectively receive air through these masks may also result in pneumonia, high blood pressure, heart attack, or death. Since the recall was initiated in May 2018, approximately 742 cushion seals have been recalled.

As these recalls are relatively recent, there are a number of unanswered questions concerning the extent of the damage caused. However, in light of the prevalence of these products, it is imperative for affected patients, physicians, and potential litigants to stay apprised on any developments in 2019.

The post Medical Device Recalls to Watch In The New Year appeared first on The Expert Institute.

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Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market Revenue Growth Predicted by 2026

The global antibiotic residue test kits market reached ~US$ 50 Mn/Bn in 2026 and is anticipated grow at a CAGR of 6.2% over the forecast period 2017-2026. In this Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market study, the following years are considered to predict the market footprint:

History Year: 2012 - 2016

Base Year: 2012

Estimated Year: 2016

Forecast Year: 2017 – 2026

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In a bid to recognize the growth prospects in the antibiotic residue test kits market, the market study has been geographically fragmented into important regions that are progressing faster than the overall market. Each segment of the antibiotic residue test kits market has been individually analyzed on the basis of pricing, distribution, and demand prospect for the following regions:

North America (S., Canada)

Latin America (Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Rest of Latin America)

Europe (Germany, Italy, France, U.K., Spain, Benelux, Russia, Rest of Europe)

Japan

APEJ

MEA

The key players in the global antibiotic residue test kits market report consist of

Companies namely

Thermo Fischer Scientific

DSM, Charm Sciences

Perkin Elmer (BioScientific Corp)

Labtek Services Ltd

Each market player encompassed in the antibiotic residue test kits market study is assessed according to its market share, production footprint, current launches, agreements, ongoing R&D projects, and business tactics. In addition, the antibiotic residue test kits market study scrutinizes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis.

On the basis of product type, the global antibiotic residue test kits market report covers the footprint, and consumption of the segments including

Beta-lactams

Macrolides

Tetracyline

Aminoglycosides

Amphenicols

Siulfonamides

The global antibiotic residue test kits market covers the demand trends of each end user which includes

Food and Beverage Industry

Veterinary

Independent Laboratory

Other Applications

What insights readers can gather from the antibiotic residue test kits market report?

Learn the behavior pattern of every antibiotic residue test kits market player – product launches, expansions, collaborations and acquisitions in the market currently.

Examine and study the progress outlook of the global antibiotic residue test kits landscape, which includes, revenue, production & consumption and historical & forecast.

Understand important drivers, restraints, opportunities, and trends (DROT Analysis).

Important trends, such as carbon footprint, R&D developments, prototype technologies, and globalization.

The antibiotic residue test kits market report answers the following queries:

Which players hold the significant antibiotic residue test kits market share and why?

What strategies are the antibiotic residue test kits market players forming to gain a competitive edge?

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#Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market report Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market size Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market share Antibiotic Res

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Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market- Competitive Landscape By its Financial Performance, Key Strategies & Recent Developments

Fact.MR has adopted multi-disciplinary approach to shed light on the evolution of the global Antibiotic Residue Test Kits market during the historical period of 2014 – 2018. The study presents a deep-dive assessment of the current growth dynamics, major avenues in the estimation year of 2019, and key prospects over the forecast period 2019 – 2029. 

Key findings from the report reveal that the…

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Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market is estimated to value over USD xx billion by 2027 end and register a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period 2020 to 2027.

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Different Drugs in Modulating Gut Microbiome of Colitis Mice Abstract Background: The gut microbiome plays a key role in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), which has spurred the development of novel therapeutics aimed at restoring microbial community structure. Saccharomyces boulardii is a new probiotic that has not been commonly used to treatment IBD. Although the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Sijunzi Tang (SJZT) decoction has been widely used to alleviate the symptoms of ulcerative colitis (UC), its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Methods: The efficacy of four drugs named S. boulardii, SJZT, Dangshen (Codonopsis pilosula) polysaccharide or S. boulardii in combination with Dangshen polysaccharide were test during treatment with Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS)-induced mice colitis. Weight loss, colonic histology were measured. Furthermore, the gut microbiome of mice before and post colitis treatments were performed by 16S rRNA-based microbiome analysis. Results: All four drugs profoundly inhibited weight loss, colon shortening, and ameliorated histological damage as well as DSS-induced dysbiosis in mice. Beneficial bacteria-especially Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA)-producing genera were remarkably enriched in the treated mice. Roseburia, Anaerovorax and Lactobacillus were selectively enriched by S. boulardii, while Butyrivibrio, Quinella and Anaerotruncus were selectively enriched by SJZT. Most notably, Dangshen polysaccharide selectively enriched Bifidobacterium, Arthrobacter, Akkermansia, Anaerovorax, Roseburia, Prevotella, Dialister, Megamonas, Faecalibacterium and Subdoligranulum. Conclusion: S. boulardii, Sijunzi decoction, and its main component, Dangshen polysaccharide, are effective in alleviating DSS-induced colitis. Modulating the gut microbiome may be the common mechanism whereby these compounds improve colonic health. Furthermore, Dangshen polysaccharide is a powerful prebiotic that selectively promotes probiotic growth, especially SCFA-producing bacteria. Keywords: Saccharomyces boulardii; Polysaccharide; Gut microbiome; Ulcerative colitis Abbrevations: IBD: Inflammatory Bowel Disease; UC: Ulcerative Colitis; CD: Crohn’s Disease; CAMS: Complementary and Alternative Medicines; SJZT: Sijunzi Tang; DSS: Dextran Sulfate Sodium; OTUS: Operational Taxonomic Units Go to Introduction Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is the term used to describe chronic intestinal inflammatory conditions, including Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn’s Disease (CD). While IBD is especially common among western populations, the incidence of IBD in China has increased rapidly in recent years because of the widely adopted westernized lifestyle [1]. The etiology and pathogenesis of IBD are not fully understood, and effective therapeutics are lacking. A healthy, balanced intestinal microbiome plays a key role in maintaining whole-body homeostasis. Significant alterations to the gut microbiome, referred to as dysbiosis, are present in most chronic inflammatory disease. Intestinal dysbiosis is a defining feature of IBD, with some even considering it to be causative. Indeed, manipulating the gut microbiome has been shown to greatly alleviate the symptoms of IBD [2]. Pro- and prebiotics are two widely adopted therapeutic strategies that are also great examples of Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAMs) being used in clinic. Traditional Chinese medicines have also shown remarkable curative effects as CAMs in IBD patients. Sijunzi Tang (SJZT) decoction is a classical herbal formula composed of Dangshen [Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf], Baizu (Atractylodes macrocephalae Koidz), Fuling [Poria cocos（Schw. Wolf] and Gancao (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch). Related researches claimed that SJZT were efficiently in treating UC patients in China. Its mechanism of action however remains unknown. Recent study suggests that Chinese herbal medicines could potentially be used to modulate the intestinal microbiome. Treatment with Gegen Qinlian decoction for example promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria, especially Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, to alleviate type II diabetes [3]. We therefore hypothesized that SJZT decoction could also relieve IBD symptoms by altering the gut microbiome. Furthermore, based on the theory of Chinese medicine, water- soluble polysaccharides are the key compounds in decoctions. Dangshen polysaccharide, a macromolecular substance that is hard to digest, consists of monosaccharides like D-galactose, D-rhamnose and D-arabinose and their derivatives, a backbone of (1→3)-linked-β-D-galactopyranosyl, (1→2,3)-linked-β-Dgalactopyranosyl and (1→3)-linked-α-D-rhamnopyranosyl residues [4]. Based on the fact that herbal polysaccharides such as Lentinula edodes [5] and Ganoderma lucidume [6] are very effective at modulating the gut microbiome, we hypothesized that non-digestible Dangshen polysaccharide might favor the growth of specific, beneficial microbes, i.e. act as a prebiotic. The fungi Saccharomyces is a new probiotic that is resistant to antibiotics and low pH and grows very well at 37°C [7]. Although widely used in preventing and treating diarrhea, it is rarely used to treat IBD. Most studies on S. boulardii in animal colitis models focus mainly on immune-related mechanisms [8-9]. Recently administration of S. boulardii has been reported to exert its therapeutic effects by altering the gut microbiome in obese and type 2 diabetic mice [10]. Whether S. boulardii can change microbial community structure to relieve IBD symptoms remains to be seen. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Sijunzi decoction, Dangshen polysaccharides and Saccharomyces boulardii on microbial diversity and composition during the treatment of DSS-induced acute colitis in mice, using high-throughput 16S-based sequencing. Go to Material And Methods polysaccharide preparation S. boulardii sachets were purchased from Laboratoires BIOCODEX (Bio flor®, France). In order to remove any contaminants a pure S. boulardii culture was obtained by inoculating the lyophilized yeast in YPD broth with shaking at 37°C for 18 hours; S. boulardii was then harvested and concentrated tenfold to 109CFU/ ml. The yeast was centrifuged and re-suspended in PBS solution for oral administration. The four dried raw materials used to prepare the SJZT decoction (Dangshen, Baizu, Fuling, and Gancao) were all purchased from Xukang pharmaceutical co., ltd (Lanzhou, China). The quality were all met the requirement of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Version). The voucher specimens number were DS-20150721, BZ-20150701, FL-20150718, GC-20150726 respectively. All specimens were identified by senior engineer Pingrong Yang and deposited in the Herbarium of Chinese patent medicine test laboratory of Gansu Institute of Drug Control, Lanzhou, China. Four materials mixed in a ratio of 9:9:9:6 and herbs were decocted twice with boiling water (10 times of the material’s weight) for 60min then filtered, pooled and concentrated to 1g/ ml. Mice were orally administered 10ml/kg (convert from clinical dose). Quality control of the SJZT decoction was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin from Gancao, according to an established method [11]. Briefly, chromatographic separation was performed on a Zobax SB-C18 column (4.6mm×150mm, 5μm); the mobile phase consisted of methyl alcohol -0.5% acetic acid; the flow rate was 1ml/min; the column temperature was 30°C; liquiritin was detected at 276nm, and glycyrrhizic acid at 250nm. The crude polysaccharide extract was obtained from Dangshen by water decoction and alcohol precipitation. Total carbohydrate content was then determined by phenol-sulfuric acid assay based on a standard curve determined from D-glucose at six different concentrations (μg/ml). Animal experiments and treatment design The present animal study was conducted according to protocols approved by the Ethics Committee of Animal Experiments of Lanzhou University. Female C57BL/6 mice were purchased from the Gansu university of Chinese medicine. After acclimatization for one week, mice were housed individually in plastic cages at constant temperature (21±2°C), with an alternating 12h light/ dark cycle, and animal chow and water were provided ad libitum. mice were divided into six groups and treatments lasted for 30 days A. Dangshen polysaccharide (dissolved in PBS solution, 300mg/ kg) B. Saccharomyces boulardii (resuspended in PBS to a concentration 109CFU/ml) C. Dangshen + S. boulardii, (Dangshen polysaccharide dissolved in an S. boulardii suspension) D. Sijunzi (SJZT decotion (1g/ml) at 10ml/kg; dose selection was based on that used in clinic patients) E. Colitis (DSS, PBS solution) F. Normal (no DSS, PBS solution) After 21 days of treatment, acute colitis was induced by administering 2.5% DSS solution to groups A-E for 7 days, followed by distilled water for two days. All drugs (groups A-D) were adminis tered throughout the study (see experimental design in Figures). Fresh fecal samples were collected immediately upon defecation on days 1(blank) and 21(before colitis induction), placed in sterile centrifuge tubes and stored at-80°C. On day 30 (post-colitis) mice were sacrificed and intestinal fecal samples were collected from the colon. To evaluate the therapeutic effects of the four different treatments, mice body weight was monitored daily, and following a final assessment of colon length, inflamed colon tissues were treated with formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Inflammation was graded according to an established system [12]. DNA isolation and illumina pyrosequencing of the V3 16S rRNA gene region Microbial DNA was extracted from fecal samples using the Qian Gen@ Stool DNA kit (Beijing, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. DNA concentration and purity were quantified on a Nano Drop 1000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific) and DNA integrity was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Universal primers were selected to span the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene: 338F (5’-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCA- 3’) and 806R (5’-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3’). In brief, PCRs were performed in 20μl reactions containing 5x Fast Pfu Buffer (4μl), 10 ng template DNA, 2μL dNTPs, 0.8μl forward and reverse primer (5μl), 0.4μl Fast Pfu Polymerase and ddH2O to 20μl. The PCR parameters were: 95°C for 3 min, 27 cycles of 95°C for 30 seconds, 55°C for 30 seconds, 72°C for 45 seconds, followed by a final extension of 72°C for 10 min. PCR products were detected on a 2% agarose gel and quantified by Quanti Fluor™-ST and all samples were pooled at mean concentrations. Library preparation and pyrosequencing were performed on an Illumina Mi Seq PE 300 platform by Shanghai Majorbio Technology Company. Bioinformatic and statistical analyses High quality sequences were assigned to each sample (demultiplexed) and clustered as Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) at a threshold of ≥ 97% similarity. OTU abundance data was used to calculate alpha diversity (Shannon index), richness and rarefaction estimates using Mothur [13]. Community structure was assessed using Uni Frac Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA), Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) based on Bray-Curtis distance, and hierarchical clustering, using R packages vegan. Heatmaps were created using Mothur and R package heatmap [14] to visualize treatment-specific changes in the microbiome. All results are presented as the mean (±SE). Group differences were assessed by ANOVA and the Mann-Whitney test in SPSS19.0. P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Go to Results Preparation of probiotic, Sijunzi decoction, Dangshen polysaccharide An S. boulardii culture was prepared from a commercial product and typical morphologic characteristics of yeast was observed (Figure 1A). Dangshen polysaccharide constituted 38.7% of the crude, brown Dangshen polysaccharide powder (Figure 1B). HPLC-based quality control of the Sijunzi decoction was performed using glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin as indicator components (Figure 1C & 1D). The content of glycyrrhizic acid in SJZT (1g/ml) was 13.5μg/ml while that of liquiritin was 5.8μg/ml. Click here to view Large Figure 1 Different treatments alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice An outline of the animal experiments and treatment design is shown in Figure 2. Before induction of colitis, four different treatments were administered orally for three weeks. Body weight was measured daily (from day 1) and all groups showed a steady increase in body weight. However, Dangshen and especially SJZT attenuated weight gain compared vs normal group (SJZT P<0.05). By day 20, body weight was increased in the S. boulardii and D+S groups (Figure 3A). After induction of colitis (2.5% DSS solution for 7 days) the four treatments were continued administered until the end of study. All treatments significantly inhibited weight loss by day 30 relative to the DSS-only group (P<0.05), especially S. boulardii and D+S significantly (P<0.001) (Figure 3B). Total colon length decreased in all DSS-treated mice relative to controls, while treatment groups A-D showed a slight increase in colon length relative to the DSS-only group (P<0.05, Figure 3C & 3D). Click here to view Large Figure 2 Click here to view Large Figure 3 The degree of colonic inflammation was further confirmed by histological analysis. While control mice had intact surface epithelia, stroma, cryptal glands, and submucosae, DSS-treated mice showed surface epithelium damage, cryptal gland disruption and infiltration of lymphocytes. All treatment groups had significantly lower histology scores than DSS-treated mice (P<0.05). In the S. boulardii and Dangshen + S. boulardii groups, surface epithelium and cryptal glands were more intact than in the Dangshen and SJZT groups (Figure 4A). There was no obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells in any of the treated groups, especially not in the D+S group (Figure 4B). Click here to view Large Figure 4 Gut microbiome structure in response to different treatments in DSS-induced colitis Sequencing the V3-V4 16S hypervariable region produced 2387053 high quality sequences from fecal samples collected on days 1, 21 and 30, with a mean of 43400±1901 sequences per sample. The mean number of OTUs per sample was 373. Rarefaction and diversity analysis show that the majority of the gut microbial diversity was captured at the current sequencing depth, with few new OTUs anticipated at increased sequencing depths (Figure 5A). All treatments increased gut microbiome richness in mice by day 21 relative to baseline levels at day 1 (Figure 5B), especially D+S (P<0.01), Dangshen and S. boulardii (P<0.05), and to a lesser extent SJZT (P>0.05, Figure 5C). Post-treatment (day 30), all groups had slightly more unique OTUs than DSS-only mice, but this was not significant (Figure 5D). In terms of diversity, the two polysaccharide-rich groups (Dangshen, D+S) had significantly higher Shannon indices than control mice before colitis (Figure 5E P<0.05), while the SJZT group appeared unchanged. Acute colitis rapidly decreased diversity however, the four treatments all significantly increased diversity (Figure 5F, P<0.05). The overall gut microbiome structure in response to the various treatments were further analyzed by uniFrac distance-based PCoA, which revealed that control mice had distinct microbiomes compared to all the other groups. All four treatments, except for a few outlier samples, modulated the colitis-associated microbiome, and the different treatments tended to form separate clusters (Figure 6A). NMDS analysis (Bray-Curtis distance) supported the PCoA-based result and further showed that bacterial communities in the Dangshen group are more homogenous than other groups, followed by the SJZT group (Figure 6B). These findings were confirmed by hierarchical clustering analysis and suggest that the four treatments alter the microbiome in the inflamed colon (Figure 6C). Click here to view Large Figure 5 Click here to view Large Figure 6 Gut microbiome composition in response to different treatments in DSS-induced colitis At baseline (day 1), Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were the three, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria are the three most abundant phyla, with Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes accounting for about 91% of reads. Following treatment, both Dangshen (74.97% vs 79.35%) and Sijunzi (75.43% vs 79.82%) groups had increased proportions of Bacteroidetes. Meanwhile, Bacteroidetes were decreased in the S. boulardii (81.98% vs 65.48%) and D+S (75.48% vs 70.97%) groups. Firmicutes were less abundant in the Dangshen (13.10% vs 12.88%) and SJZT groups (16.86% vs 10.64%), while the S. boulardii (11.70% vs 16.37%) and D+S (12.62% vs 16.52 %) groups had an increased proportion of Firmicutes. Proteobacteria was only decreased in the Dangshen group (9.03% vs 6.82%), and increased in all three other groups, especially in the S. boulardii group, where it was increased more than three-fold (4.62% vs 17.14%, P<0.05. Verru comicrobia was significantly decreased (P<0.01) in all treatment groups (Figure 7A). DSS administration led to a remarkable decrease in Firmicutes (17.77% vs 2.36%, P<0.05) and Proteobacteria (5.18% vs 2.52%, P<0.05), with a significant increase in Bacteroidetes (59.65% vs 78.98%, P<0.05) relative to controls. These changes could however be mitigated by the treatments, especially by Dangshen polysaccharide which increased the proportion of Firmicutes (group A: 31.54%, group C: 32.90% vs DSS-only: 17.77%, P<0.05) and decreased the proportion of Bacteroidetes (group A: 57.11%, group C: 61.66% vs DSS-only: 78.98% P<0.05), Figure 7B. Relative to the DSS-only group, the Dangshen group had a significantly higher proportion of Proteobacteria (9.65% vs 2.52%, P<0.05), while Verrucomicrobia was slightly increased by Dangshen and SJZT (0.54%, 0.047% vs 0, P<0.05). Click here to view Large Figure 7 The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B) is used as an indicator of the gut microbial composition and was used to evaluate colitis remission and relapse. Post colitis treatment, F/B ratios decreased in the Dangshen and SJZT groups and increased in the S. boulardii and D+S groups (Figure 7C). Induction of colitis (DSS-only)significantly decreased the F/B ratio relative to Normal mice (0.55 vs 0.24, P<0.05), while all four preventative treatments increased the F/B ratio (Figure 7D), which was significant in the Dangshen and D+S groups (P<0.05), where F/B ratios were close to that of controls (0.57, 0.56 vs 0.55, respectively). We next compared community differences at family level (Figure 8A & 8B), which again highlighted the modulating effect of preventative treatment on gut microbial composition. Relative to day 1, all four treatments decreased the proportion of S24-7, especially Dangshen (53.27% vs 30.52%, P<0.05) and S. boulardii (44.37% vs 23.50%, P<0.05). Prevotellaceae was increased in all four treatment groups, and significantly so in the Dangshen (16.27% vs 45.67%, P<0.05) and D+S (18.05% vs 42.84%, P<0.05) groups. S. boulardii promoted Helicobacteraceae growth (3.54% vs 14.87%, P<0.05); SJZT decreased Rikenellaceae (5.37% vs 1.39%, P<0.05), Porphyromonadaceae (1.52% vs 0.72, P<0.05) and Bacteroidaceae (1.92% vs 0.84%, P<0.05); and D+S decreased Verrucomicrobiaceae (1.16% vs 0.001%, P<0.05). Compared with control mice, DSS-induced colitis led to a drastic decrease in S24-7 (35.07% vs 15.18%, P<0.05), Lactobacillaceae (4.98% vs 0.21%, P<0.05) and Helicobacteraceae (3.17% vs 0.27%, P<0.05), while Prevotellaceae (19.27% vs 50.37%, P<0.05) and Bacteroidaceae (1.34% vs 8.67%, P<0.05) were obviously increased. In the treatment groups, S24-7 recovered in the SJZT group compared vs DSS-only (15.18% vs 30.25%, P<0.05); Prevotellaceae was inhibited by all four treatments, especially by Dangshen and SJZT (P<0.05), with Prevotellaceae levels returning to baseline in the SJZT group. Verrucomicrobiaceae was restored in the Dangshen and SJZT groups, while Dangshen and S. boulardii increased Helicobacteraceae abundance compared vs DSS-only (5.23%, 2.22% vs 0, P<0.05). Specific treatment-associated taxa in colitic mice To further compare treatment-specific changes to gut microbial the top 60 most abundant genera (omitting a few rarely reported genera) were selected for comparison between groups (Figure 9). Mice with DSS-induced acute colitis (Group E) showed signs of dysbiosis, marked by a significant decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in pathogenic bacteria. Lactobacillus (5.07% vs 0.17%, P<0.05), Bacillus (0.38% vs 0, P<0.05) and Lactococcus (0.32% vs 0, P<0.05) were all decreased in DSS-only vs control mice, while potentially harmful IBD-associated bacteria including Bacteroides (1.37% vs 8.97%, P<0.05), Paraprevotella (0.16% vs 1.78%, P<0.05), Escherichia_Shigella (0.03% vs 0.13%, P<0.05), and Alistipes (0.67 % vs 2.40%, P<0.05) were all notably increased in DSS-only treated mice. Preventative treatment could however alter colitis-associated dysbiosis. Lactobacillus, a commonly used probiotic, was significantly increased in the two S. boulardii-containing groups (P<0.05) yet was only slightly increased in the Dangshen and SJZT groups relative to the DSS-only group, but still far from the levels in the normal group. Bifidobacteriaceae_ unclassified, Bifidobacterium and a new probiotic, Arthrobacter, were all significantly increased in the Dangshen group, and increased (without significance) in the D+S group. Bacillus and Lactococcus could not however be restored in any of the preventative treatment groups. Akkermansia - a new beneficial microbe that plays a key role in combating metabolic disorders [15] - was significantly increased in SJZT and Dangshen groups (Table 1). Group differences in potentially harmful bacteria are summarized (Table 2). All preventative treatments led to a decrease in the relative abundance of Paraprevotella, Parasutterella, and Prevotellaceae_ uncultured; Bacteroides was significantly decreased only in the Dangshen group (P<0.05); Escherichia_Shigella was significantly decreased in all treatment groups except SJZT (P<0.05); Desulfovibrio was decreased in the S. boulardii and SJZT groups; Interestingly, there were significant increases in certain SCFA-producing bacteria, with 9 of the 13 identified genera significantly enriched in at least one treatment group relative to the DSS-only group (D) (Table3); Butyrivibrio, Quinella, and Anaerotruncus were significantly enriched in the SJZT group (P<0.05). Allobaculum Blautia and Odoribacter were marginally increased in all treatment groups (P>0.05); Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, Prevotella, Subdoligranulum and Dialister were increased in the Dangshen and D+S groups, but not in the S. boulardii-only group, which suggests that Dangshen polysaccharide (and not S. boulardii) may be mitigating these effects; Roseburia was markedly increased in all treatment groups, especially in the Dangshen and S. boulardii groups, which also promoted Anaerovorax growth. Click here to view Large Figure 8 Click here to view Large Figure 9 Click here to view Large Table 1 Click here to view Large Table 2 Click here to view Large Table 3 Go to Discussion The human gut microbiome plays a vital role in maintaining body homeostasis. Changes in bacterial compositional (i.e. dysbiosis) can profoundly impact human health, which makes the microbiome an important therapeutic target. Both bacterial diversity and abundance is altered in human IBD; however, whether dysbiosis is a consequence or cause of IBD remains controversial. The success of manipulating the gut microbiome to cure or alleviate the symptoms of IBD has encouraged the use of probiotic and prebiotic therapies. IBD-directed therapies however have variable success rates and a high risk of severe side effects with long-term use. Therefore, in recent years, the use of CAMs have become widespread due to their effectiveness and absence of side effects [16]. Besides probiotics and prebiotics, Chinese traditional medicines may be a viable microbiome-manipulating therapeutic option. In this study, we clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of four different CAMs in relieving DSS-induced colitis. Although most Chinese herbal medicines and their active polysaccharides (e.g. Astragalus membranaceus, Rheum rhabarbarum polysaccharide) have anti-inflammatory effects in a mice colitis model [17], we are the first to report the use of Dangshen [Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf] polysaccharide in the treatment of colitis in mice. In fact, Dangsheng polysaccharide was even more effective than the herbal medicine SJZT, which confirms that Dangshen polysaccharide is the key active ingredient in SJZT. In addition, we found that S. boulardii significantly alleviates the symptoms of colitis, which is in agreement with previous research [8]. S. boulardii in combination with Dangshen polysaccharide, was more effective than S. boulardii alone, which suggests a possible synergistic or synbiotic effect. Following 21 days of preventive treatments (before induction of colitis), a high proportion of Bacteroidetes were present in the Dangshen and SJZT groups. Besides Dangshen polysaccharide, the herbal decoction also contains other plant polysaccharides. On the other hand, Bacteroidetes are well equipped for carbohydrate metabolism [18] so it is not surprising that Bacteroidetes are increased in these groups. Enrichment with Bacteroidetes in polysaccharide-treated mice could be related to polysaccharide degradation in the gut. Furthermore, mice body weight was increased in the two S. boulardii-containing groups compared with the Dangshen and SJZT groups. This was associated with increased F/B ratios in S. boulardii-containing groups, which has been associated with enhanced energy harvesting [19]. The F/B ratio is also a key index in evaluating IBD remission and relapse [20]. All treatments inhibited the DSS-induced decrease in the F/B ratio, with significantly increased F/B ratios in the Dangshen and D+S groups (P<0.05) to values similar to that of the normal (non-DSS group). Modulating F/B ratios in DSS-induced colitis may represent an important underlying mechanism of these treatments. Another interesting feature is that Proteobacteria was significantly increased, especially in the S. boulardii group after 21 days of treatment yet increased only in the Dangsheng group post-colitis (day 30). Proteobacteria can induce a specific IgA response to regulate maturation of the immune maturation [21]. It has also been reported that S. boulardii stimulates intestinal IgA production [22], and that total polysaccharide extracted from SJZT can restore IgA production in a cyclophospha mide-induced lymphoid tissue injury model [23]. Therefore, the ability of S. boulardii and Dangshen polysaccharide to induce IgA may promote the growth of Proteobacteria. The most important characteristic of a good prebiotic is to selectively stimulate the growth of host-beneficial bacteria such as Bidifobacteria and Lactobacilli. Bifidobacterium, Bifidobacteriaceae_unclassified and Lactobacillus were only seen in the Dangshen and D+S group. Arthrobacter produces hydrolytic enzymes (endoinulinases [24] that degrade inulin into common prebiotic fructooligosaccharides. Arthrobacter arilaitensis can produce β-fructofuranosidase, which is used to synthesize the prebiotic kestose [25]. Most Arthrobacter species are probiotics and both Arthrobacter agilis and Arthrobacter citreus have been used to treat IBD [26]. In this study, Arthrobacter growth was facilitated by Dangshen polysaccharide, which supports its prebiotic value. Bacterially-derived SCFAs are major products of prebiotic metabolism. We found that Anaerovorax, Roseburia, Prevotella, Megamonas, Dialister, Faecalibacterium and Subdoligranulum were remarkably increased in the Dangshen group. Apart from Anaerovorax and Roseburia, the other taxa were specifically increased in the Dangshen group. Prevotella is associated with consumption of a diet rich in fiber because of its outstanding ability for cellulose and xylan hydrolysis. A long-term fiber-rich diet therefore promotes the growth of Prevotella, along with increased production of SCFAs [27]. Megamonas and Faecalibacterium are known producers of SCFA, which are decreased in IBD patients [28]. F. prausnitzii, the representative species of the Faecalibacterium genus, is a commonly administered intestinal probiotic in recent years. It produces SCFAs and increases production of IL-10 and TGF-β to control colonic inflammation by regulating the Th17/Treg balance. The common prebiotic inulin greatly facilitates Faecalibacterium growth [29]. In this study, when colitic mice were treated with Dangshen polysaccharide, Prevotella, Megamonas and Faecalibacterium all increased to > 1% (2.67%, 1.05%, 1.36% respectively), which supports the value of Dangshen polysaccharide as a powerful prebiotic. Other SCFA-producing bacteria (Butyrivibrio, Quinella and Anaerotruncus) were seen only in the SJZT group, which suggests the presence of small active molecules or medicinal polysaccharides other than Dangshen polysaccharide that promote the growth of these beneficial microbes. The exact composition of SJZT however requires further study. Roseburia, which produces SCFAs and is now used to treat UC [30], was increased in all four treatment groups. Odoribacter was reduced in DSS-induced colitis, and Odoribacter splanchnus, a typical representative of the genus Odoribacter, is a known producer of acetate and propionate [31]. S. boulardii mildly promoted Odoribacter growth. Anaerovorax metabolizes putrescine to acetate and butyrate [32] and Anaerovorax was remarkably increased in the S. boulardii group. Taken together, these results suggest that S. boulardii is an effective probiotic that facilitates the growth of the SCFA-producing bacteria: Roseburia, Odoribacter and Anaerovorax. Lactobacillus was also increased significantly in the S. boulardii group. Other yeasts have been reported to stimulate the growth of lactic acid strains in fermented products [33]. Our result therefore suggests that S. boulardii also has the ability to promote Lactobacillus growth in vivo. Akkermansia plays a key role in preventing obesity and metabolic disease. A. muciniphila is decreased significantly in diabetes patients. Recent research suggests that metformin may act by facilitating Akkermansia proliferation [34]. Akkermansia is also decreased in IBD patients and a previous study reported that extracellular vesicles derived from Akkermansia muciniphila protect against DSS-induced colitis [35]. In addition, administration of common oligofructose-containing prebiotics completely restored Akkermansia levels in both genetically and high fat-fed obese mice [15]. In this study, we found that Dangshen polysaccharide restored Akkermansia abundance in acute colitic mice, which suggests that Dangshen polysaccharide may be useful as a prebiotic in the prevention of obesity and diabetes. Desulfovibrio is the most important member of the sulphate-reducing bacteria. It breaks down SCFA and amino acids to produce H2S that harm intestinal epithelial cells. Desulfovibrio is increased in the inflamed colon [36], which can be counteracted by S. boulardii and SJZT. Bacteroides was increased in acute colitis, hich is in agreement with a previous study [37]. However, only Dangshen polysaccharide was able to control this increase in Bacteroides, while S. boulardii even promoted its growth. This is in agreement with a previous report where Bacteroides was dramatically increased by S. boulardii administration in type 2 diabetic mice [10]. This may be due to the ability of Bacteroides to utilize t cell walls as, which is made up of β-glucans, as an energy source [10]. However, it remains unclear why SJZT increased the proportion of Bacteroides. Prevotellaceae_uncultured and Parasutterella, which are enriched in IBD patients [38] and in colorectal cancer tissue [39], were inhibited by all four treatments at varying degrees. Escherichia- Shigella is a common pathogenic bacterium that was induced by DSS administration. All treatments, except SJZT, inhibited Escherichia-Shigella growth. Taken together, the common mechanism, shared by all four treatments, was to inhibit harmful bacterial growth. Go to Conclusion Chinese traditional herbal medicine SJZT, Dangshen polysaccharide and S. boulardii were all effective in alleviating DSS-induced colitis. Promoting beneficial and inhibiting pathogenic bacteria may be the shared mechanism of these potential CAM drugs in improving colonic health. Go to Acknowledgments We thank Professor Hongyu Li for providing help in data analysis. This work was supported by Jiangsu Science and Technology Major Project (BA2016036) and Gansu Science and Technology Major Project (17ZD2FA009). Go toConflict Of Interest The author has no conflicts of interest to declare

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[preefacto]

Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market Research Investigates World Market Analysis 2026

Global Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market - A report by Fact.MR

Fact.MR, in its latest business intelligence study, depicts the nuts and bolts of the global antibiotic residue test kits market. The antibiotic residue test kits market report presents detailed information regarding the drivers, restraints, opportunities and trends affecting market growth. Each segment along with its sub-segment is analyzed in terms of value and volume. Further, the keyword report elaborates the market behavior of each vendor operating in the antibiotic residue test kits market.

The antibiotic residue test kits market report considers the following years to present the overall market growth:

History Year: 2012-2016

Base Year: 2012

Estimated Year: 2026

Forecast Year: 2017 – 2026

Key findings of the antibiotic residue test kits market study:

Regional breakdown of the antibiotic residue test kits market based on predefined taxonomy.

Innovative manufacturing processes implemented by antibiotic residue test kits market vendors in detail.

Region-wise and country-wise fragmentation of the antibiotic residue test kits market to grasp the revenue, and growth outlook in these areas.

Changing preferences among consumers across various regions and countries.

Factors (Positive and Negative) impacting the growth of the global antibiotic residue test kits market.

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On the basis of Test Type, the antibiotic residue test kits market study consists of:

Beta-lactams

Macrolides

Tetracycline

Aminoglycosides

Amphenicols

Sulfonamides

On the basis of end use, the antibiotic residue test kits market study incorporates:

Food and Beverage Industry

Veterinary

Independent Laboratory

On the basis of region, the antibiotic residue test kits market study contains:

North America (U.S., Canada)

Latin America (Brazil , Mexico)

APEJ (Australia, Singapore)

MEA (South Africa, Nigeria)

Key players analyzed in the antibiotic residue test kits market study:

Thermo Fisher Scientific

Koninklijke DSM N.V.

Charm Sciences

Perkin Elmer

Labtek Services Ltd.

Neogen Corporation

IDEXX Labs

R-Biopharm AG

Eurofins Scientific

Danaher Corporation

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Queries addressed in the antibiotic residue test kits market report:

How has the global antibiotic residue test kits market grown over the historic period of 2012-2016?

Why are the antibiotic residue test kits market players targeting region for increased product sales?

What patented technologies are the players utilizing in the global antibiotic residue test kits market ?

Which regions are displaying the fastest growth in the antibiotic residue test kits market ?

What are the underlying micro- macroeconomic factors affecting the global antibiotic residue test kits market?

Why choose Fact.MR?

Reports published by Fact.MR are a result of the combination of our experts and digital technologies. We thrive to provide innovative business solutions to the clients as well as tailor the reports aligning with the clients’ requisites. Our analysts perform comprehensive research to offer ins and outs of the current market situation. Clients across various time zones tend to utilize our 24/7 service availability.

#Antibiotic Residue Test Kits

[sramfact]

Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market Gain Impetus due to the Growing Demand over 2017 to 2026

Key role of simple diagnostic tests in detecting the presence of antibiotic residues in foods derived from animals will continue to propel the demand for antibiotic residue test kits. These tests ensure the food is safe for human consumption. Findings from these tests are of great value in increasing the nutritional index of animal-based foods. Moreover, stringent food safety measures continue to necessitate the need for adopting antibiotic residue test kits in the food & beverage industry.

Fact.MR’s recent report estimates the expansion of the global market for antibiotic residue test kits for the period, 2017-2026. During this forecast period, the global antibiotic residue test kits market is expected to witness growth at 6.2% CAGR in terms of value. By the end of 2026, around US$ 295 Mn worth of antibiotic residue test kits are expected to be sold globally.

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4 Key Highlights from the Report

According to the report, the adoption of beta-lactams tests will be the highest across the global antibiotic residue test kits market. The report observes that throughout the forecast period, sales of beta-lactams tests will account for approximately one-third share of global market revenues. By the end of 2026, nearly US$ 95 Mn worth of beta-lactams test kits will be sold globally. The demand for tetracycline tests will also gain traction in the upcoming years, bringing in around US$ 50 Mn in global revenues by the end of 2026. Meanwhile, sulfonamides tests will register fastest revenue growth at a CAGR of 7.1% over the forecast period.

Food and beverage industry will represent the largest end-user of antibiotic residue test kits. More than 65% of the global antibiotic residue test kits market value will be accounted by the end-use of these kits in ensuring the safety of food items and beverages, particularly for dairy products. The report also observes a rampant end-use of antibiotic residue test kits in veterinary purposes.

In 2017, North America registered highest sales of antibiotic residue test kits. The consumer marketplaces in the US and Canada will continue to promote the use of antibiotic residue test kits in food safety measures. By the end of 2026, North America will be dubbed as the largest market for antibiotic residue test kits, surpassing an estimated valuation of US$ 100 Mn.

Europe and the Asia-Pacific excluding Japan (APEJ) regions are also expected to be at the forefront of global antibiotic residue test kits market expansion. These two region will register fast revenue growth in their antibiotic residue test kits markets, particularly due to high presence of dairy product manufacturers.

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The report has profiled key companies developing antibiotic residue test kits across the globe. Companies namely, are observed as Thermo Fisher Scientific, Charm Sciences, DSM, Labtek Services Ltd., Perkin Elmer (Bio Scientific Corp.), IDEXX Labs, Neogen Food Safety, R-Biopharm AG, Sciex, and Eurofins are observed as key players in the global antibiotic residue test kits market. Majority of these players will be incorporating the advancements in the diagnostics of antibiotic residues. Extending the application of antibiotic residue test kits beyond measuring the safety of animal-based foods will also be prioritized by these companies in the near future.

#Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Healthcare Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market Growth Antibiotic Residue Te

[prashanpatel123-blog]

Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market Progress – Business Development, Quality Analysis 2019

Advancements in antibiotic residue diagnostics have extended their use of test kits to detect the presence of such residue in food originating from animals. The adoption of antibiotic residue test kits is gaining considerable traction as a food safety measure. For a sample copy of the report, please click:- https://www.factmr.com/connectus/sample?flag=S&rep_id=496 Consumers are preferring products that have cleared the antibiotic residue tests, considering the role of these kits in ensuring that the food contains the essential antibiotic elements. Over the years, antibiotic residue test kits have evolved from simple diagnostic kits to multi-disciplinary tests that have incurred distinguished developments in terms of detecting the residues. According to Fact.MR’s latest forecast study, the global market for antibiotic residue test kits is pegged to expand robustly in the near future. Key findings from the report reveal that the global antibiotic residue test kits market will witness an expansion at 6.2% CAGR in terms of value over the forecast period, 2017-2026. The report further estimates that by the end of 2026, approximately US$ 295 Mn worth of antibiotic residue test kits will be sold worldwide.

[awesomerohitpatilme-blog]

Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market: Structure and Overview of Key Market Forces Propelling Market

Advancements in antibiotic residue diagnostics have extended their use of test kits to detect the presence of such residue in food originating from animals. The adoption of antibiotic residue test kits is gaining considerable traction as a food safety measure. Consumers are preferring products that have cleared the antibiotic residue tests, considering the role of these kits in ensuring that the food contains the essential antibiotic elements. Over the years, antibiotic residue test kits have evolved from simple diagnostic kits to multi-disciplinary tests that have incurred distinguished developments in terms of detecting the residues.

Read Report Overview:

https://www.factmr.com/report/496/antibiotic-residue-test-kits-market

According to Fact.MR’s latest forecast study, the global market for antibiotic residue test kits is pegged to expand robustly in the near future. Key findings from the report reveal that the global antibiotic residue test kits market will witness an expansion at 6.2% CAGR in terms of value over the forecast period, 2017-2026. The report further estimates that by the end of 2026, approximately US$ 295 Mn worth of antibiotic residue test kits will be sold worldwide.

High Demand for Beta-lactams to Account for One-third Share of Global Market Value through 2026

The report reveals that during the forecast period, beta-lactams tests will be predominantly used in detecting antibiotics residues in foods and beverages. By the end of 2026, nearly 33% of the overall global antibiotic residue test kits market revenues will be procured from the sales of beta-lactams test kits. The report also observes a surging adoption of tetracycline tests, and the sales of these kits are pegged to bring in more than US$ 50 Mn by the end of 2026. The report further projects that sulfonamide tests will register fastest revenue growth over the forecast period, reflecting a value CAGR of 7.1%.

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Food & Beverage Industry End-use to Translate High Revenue Growth

In 2018 and beyond, antibiotic residue test kits will be predominantly used in the food and beverage industry. A range of antibiotic residue test kits are being used for ensuring safety of milk and other dairy products. Their use in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms through anti-infection principles will further extend their end-use in the global production of food items and beverages.

By the end of 2026, the end-use of antibiotic residue test kits in global food & beverage industry will bring in revenues worth over US$ 196 Mn. The report also reveals that the veterinary end-use of antibiotic residue test kits will register fastest revenue growth at an estimated 6.7% CAGR over the forecast period.

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Competition Tracking

Leading companies partaking in the development of antibiotic residue test kits have been profiled in this report. Companies namely, Thermo Fischer Scientific, DSM, Charm Sciences, Perkin Elmer (BioScientific Corp), Labtek Services Ltd., NEOGEN Food Safety, IDEXX Labs, R-Biopharm, Eurofins and Sciex are expected to instrument the global production of antibiotic residue test kits during the forecast period. Incorporating advancements in the field of antibiotic residue diagnostics will be prioritized by these market players. Moreover, several players in the global antibiotic residue test kits market will be eyeing at introducing multi-purpose kits in the near future.

[qyrresearch-blog]

Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market Trend Share Opportunities And Forecast To 2025

The global antibiotic residue test kits market is foreseen to show advancement in terms of growth due to the rise of deadly animal diseases affecting humans. Antibiotic residue test kits are not only used to measure the safety level of animal-based food but also plant-based food. The need to effectively tackle agro-terrorism that involves the use of bioweapons is predicted to increase the demand for antibiotic residue test kits. Manufacturers are expected to launch products that can provide fast results. They could also add technologically sophisticated features to their products to increase their functionality.

In May 2019, Ringbio, a Chinese manufacturer of rapid tests for food and animal safety, launched a new test kit to detect antibiotic residue in meat products in a simple, sensitive, and quick way. In June 2019, Labtek Services, a UK-based provider of instrumentation and support services to the food and beverage, dairy processing, and farming industries, introduced new adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hygiene monitoring device ENSURE TOUCH. The ATP luminometer can be used for food and beverage and healthcare applications.

Rising Preference for Food Tested for Antibiotic Residue to Increase Sales Growth

High consumer preference for food products that clear antibiotic residue tests is predicted to increase the adoption of antibiotic residue test kits in future. Increasing need to maintain the safety of food products to avoid diseases could push the demand for antibiotic residue test kits even more. Advancement in technology that has allowed manufacturers to develop multidisciplinary products is anticipated to add to the growth of the global antibiotic residue test kits market. Antibiotic residue test kits are increasingly used in veterinary applications apart from food and beverage. This could create additional revenue opportunities for manufacturers.

Manufacturers to Launch Multipurpose Products for Range of Applications

Some of the leading companies competing in the global antibiotic residue test kits market are Thermo Fischer Scientific, DSM, Charm Sciences, PerkinElmer, Labtek Services Ltd., NEOGEN Food Safety, IDEXX Labs, R-Biopharm, Eurofins, and Sciex. In the coming years, manufacturers are anticipated to launch multipurpose products for better antibiotic residue diagnostics. They could also focus on introducing more advanced antibiotic residue test kits for applications beyond examining the safety of animal-based food.

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Important Points to Remember

●   Growing need to ensure food safety to augment the demand for antibiotic residue test kits

●   Beta-lactams test to account for a substantial market share during the forecast period

●   Global antibiotic residue test kits market to show higher growth in the food and beverage industry

●   The US and Canada to support North America in collecting a remarkable market share

By Type

●   Beta-lactams

●   Tetracyclines

●   Macrolides

●   Aminoglycosides

●   Sulfonamides

●   Amphenicols

By Application

●   Food and Beverage

●   Veterinary

●   Independent Laboratory

●   Others

Among type segments, beta-lactams are forecast to collect a sizable share of the global antibiotic residue test kits market. These tests are largely conducted in the food and beverage industry to detect antibiotic residues in products. They are prognosticated to account for a significant sales share of the global market. Among application segments, food and beverage is foretold to become more prominent during the forecast period. This could be due to the need to ensure the safety of consumers of milk and other dairy products.

By Region

Asia Pacific and Europe are prophesied to exhibit faster growth in the global antibiotic residue test kits market because of heavy presence of dairy companies. North America is likely to secure a commanding market share in the coming years due to high demand in key countries such as the US and Canada. It is also expected to record substantial sales growth in the global market.

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#Antibiotic Residue Test Kits Market