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african-art-ny · 3 years

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Anacaona

Anacaona (1474 (?)-1504), or Golden Flower, was a Taíno cacica, or female cacique (chief), religious expert, poet and composer born in Xaragua. Before the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492, Ayiti or Quisqueya to the Taínos (the Spaniards named it La Española, i.e., Hispaniola — now known as the Dominican Republic and Haiti, Haití in Spanish) was divided into five kingdoms, i.e., Xaragua, Maguana, Higüey, Maguá and Marién. Anacaona was born into a family of caciques. She was the sister of Bohechío, the ruler of Xaragua.

She succeeded Bohechío as cacica after his death. Under Anacaona's rule, the Spanish settlers and the Taínos of Xaragua coexisted and intermarried.

In 1503, Nicolás Ovando, the governor of the island, visited Xaragua. He suspected an insurrection was brewing among the Taíno chiefs, including Anacaona, presently in the kingdom. Ovando gave the order for the caciques to be captured and burned. Anacaona was hanged.

Early life and family

Anacaona was born in Yaguana (present day Léogâne, Haiti), the capital of Little Spain, in 1474 (?). Her name was derived from the Taíno words ana, meaning 'flower', and caona, meaning 'gold, golden.'

Anacaona's brother Bohechío was a local chieftain. He extended his rule in 1475 to include all territories west of Xaragua. Through consolidation of his influence and power, Bohechío married Anacaona to Caonabo, cacique of Maguana. Together they had one daughter, Higüemota.

In 1492, Christopher Columbus arrived in the kingdom of Marién (Northern Haiti), in search of a direct route to the Indies (India). Upon arrival, he was greeted by the Tainos, who were much smaller in stature compared to the Spaniards. Columbus was gifted with gold, corn and other items. In 1493, the Spanish Crown established a colony whose sole purpose was to excavate for gold and other precious metals. With the establishment of the new colony, the Taíno were kidnapped and enslaved to satisfy the needs of the Crown (many Taíno women were raped and those Taínos who resisted the Spaniards were murdered).

In 1493, Caonabo was arrested for ordering the destruction of La Navidad (a Spanish colony in the northwestern part of the island) and its people. He was shipped to Spain and died in a shipwreck during the journey. When Caonabo was captured, Anacaona returned to Xaragua and served as an advisor to Bohechío.

In 1498, Bohechío was confronted by Bartholomew Columbus, brother of Christopher Columbus and founder of the city of Santo Domingo, who arrived in Xaragua with his troops to subdue Bohechío and conquer his territory. The purpose of the Spaniards in so doing was to acquire gold. With his power weakened, Bohechío, advised by Anacaona, decided to recognize the sovereignty of the Catholic Monarchs. Instead of fighting, he committed himself to paying the tribute levied by the Spaniards with products such as cotton, bread, corn and fish.

After Bohechío's death in 1500, Anacaona ruled as cacica until her execution in 1503.

Arrest and death

Anacaona, as a poet and composer, is accordingly memorialized in contemporary art and literature across the Caribbean region. A statue commemorating her legacy is in Léogâne, Haiti. Currently, the tallest building in the Caribbean, Torre Anacaona 27, is named after her. The song Anacaona, lead vocals by Cheo Feliciano, popularizes her story.

In the fall of 1503, Governor Nicolás Ovando and his party of 300 traveled on foot to Xaragua. They were received in a lavish ceremony by Anacaona, her nobles, and several Taíno chiefs.

While the Taíno presented the reception as a gesture of welcome, the Spanish saw it as being an elaborate distraction.[6][8] Ovando's party was under the impression that Anacaona and the Taíno chiefs present at the reception were planning an insurrection. Ovando lured the chiefs into a caney (large hut) for a Spanish tournament and gave the signal for the Spaniards to seize and bind the caciques. They were burned in the caney while other Taínos of lower rank were slaughtered outside. Anacaona was hanged.

According to historian Troy S. Floyd, the accuracy of the accounts of this event remain uncertain for many reasons. For one, even though the separate accounts made it seem as though it was a perfectly segregated fight along racial lines, the two groups had coexisted and intermarried for six years prior. As such, there was a history of harmonious relations between the two races. For another, it is unclear why the Spaniards would lure the Taínos into a trap. Additionally, fifty Spaniards were killed; this is a high number of casualties considering that the Europeans deployed superior military technology. Finally, the Xaragua caciques were respected as some of the most intelligent on the island and it is unlikely that they could be lured into a hut if they were planning their own revolt.

According to Sir Arthur Help's book The Spanish Conquest in America (1855), Nicolás Ovando renamed the place where Anacaona was murdered “The City of True Peace” (La Villa de la Vera Paz), "...in honor of his recent triumph". The arms assigned to the city were "...a rainbow and a cross, with a dove bearing the olive branch!".

Legacy and influence

Literature

The Royal Diaries series, Anacaona: Golden Flower, Haiti, 1490 by Edwidge Danticat[12]

Anacaona, la Reine Taino d'Ayiti by Maryse N. Roumain, PhD.[13]

Music

"Anacaona", by Ansy and Yole Dérose [14]

"Anacaona", composed by Tite Curet Alonso[citation needed]

"Anacaona", by Irka Mateo[citation needed]

"Anacaona", sung by Cheo Feliciano[15]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anacaona

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The five cacicazgos (chiefdoms) of Hispaniola at the time of Christopher Columbus's arrival

Anacaona

Born 1474

Yaguana, Jaragua, Hispaniola (present-day Léogâne, Haiti)

Died c. 1504

Hispaniola

Spouse Caonabo

Occupation Cacique

Massacre of the queen and her subjects, by Joos van Winghe, published in 1598 in the Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias written by Bartolomé de las Casas.

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Taíno:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno

The Taíno were an indigenous people of the Caribbean. At the time of European contact in the late fifteenth century, they were the principal inhabitants of most of what is now Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, the Bahamas, and the northern Lesser Antilles. The Taíno were the first New World peoples encountered by Christopher Columbus during his 1492 voyage. They spoke the Taíno language, a division of the Arawakan language group. Many Puerto Ricans, Cubans and Dominicans have Taíno mtDNA, showing they are descendants through the direct female lines.

Some groups of people currently identify as Taíno, most notably among Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, and Cubans, both on the Caribbean islands themselves and on the United States mainland.[6][failed verification] Some scholars, such as Jalil Sued Badillo, an ethnohistorian at the University of Puerto Rico, assert that although the official Spanish histories speak of the disappearance of the Taíno as an ethnic identification, many survivors left descendants – usually by intermarrying with other ethnic groups. Recent research[by whom?] reveals a high percentage of mixed ancestry in the populations of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic.

The ancestors of the Taíno originated on the South American continent. The Taíno culture as documented developed on the Caribbean islands. Taíno groups came into conflict with the Island Caribs of the southern Lesser Antilles. At the time of European contact, the Taíno were divided into several groups. Western Taíno groups included the Lucayan of the Bahamas, the Ciboney of central Cuba, and the inhabitants of Jamaica. The Classic Taíno lived in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico, while the Eastern Taíno lived in the northern islands of the Lesser Antilles.

At the time of Columbus' arrival in 1492, there were five Taíno chiefdoms in Hispaniola, each led by a principal cacique (chief), to whom tribute was paid. The Taíno name for Hispaniola was Ayiti ("land of high mountains"), which was the source of the name Haiti, the independent republic established by slaves and free people of color on the island after becoming independent from France in a violent revolution. Cuba was divided into 29 chiefdoms. Their names were the origin of numerous modern cities, such as Havana, Batabanó, Camagüey, Jarabacoa, Baracoa, and Bayamo. Taíno communities ranged from small settlements to larger centers of up to 3,000 people. They may have numbered in total 2 million at the time of contact, and almost 3 million at the end of the 15th century. The figures are debated, and a 2020 genetic analysis estimated the population of Hispaniola at the time to be no more than a few tens of thousands of people.

Columbus was surprised by the civility of the Taíno people. He said, "They will give all that they do possess for anything that is given to them, exchanging things even for bits of broken crockery," he noted upon meeting them in the Bahamas in 1492. "They were very well built, with very handsome bodies and very good faces.... They do not carry arms or know them.... They should be good servants."

The Spanish conquered various Taíno chiefdoms during the late fifteenth and early sixteenth century. According to The Black Legend and some contemporary scholars such as Andrés Reséndez, warfare and harsh enslavement by the colonists decimated the population. Men were forced to work on colonial plantations and gold mines[where?], as a result, there were no Taíno left to cultivate their own crops and feed their population. Since the late 20th century, most scholars believe that infectious diseases that had long been endemic among the Europeans from the Old World caused the majority of deaths, as these were new to the Native Americans and they had no acquired immunity to them. They suffered very high mortality from the new diseases. For instance, a smallpox epidemic in Hispaniola in 1518–1519 killed almost 90% of the surviving Taíno.

The remaining Taíno intermarried with Europeans and Africans, and became incorporated into the Spanish colonies. The Taíno were considered extinct as a people at the end of the century. But, since about 1840, activists have worked to create a quasi-indigenous Taíno identity in rural areas of Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. In the 1960s this trend accelerated among Puerto Rican communities in the mainland United States, at a time of rising activism by African Americans and Native Americans of mainland tribes.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno

#Anacaona #Taíno

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neechees · 4 years

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Native American History Month / Figures ➵Anacaona

Also known as “Golden Flower”, Anacaona was born on Ayiti ( present day Haiti & Dominican Republic) in 1474, and was a poet and Cacique of the Xaragua Taino people. By arrangement of her brother Bohecio, Anacaona was married to the cacique of Maguana, Caonobo, and they had one daughter together. In 1493, the Spanish crown established colonies to excavate gold and other minerals, for which the Taino faced colonization and extreme mistreatment from the Spanish. That same year, Caonobo was kidnapped and shipped to Spain for executing an attack on a Spanish colony, but died on a shipreck during the journey. Anacaona returned to her brother and served as his advisor. Afterwards, by her advice, Bohecio surrendered to the Spanish and gave “tribbutes” of resources, likely with the hopes the Spanish would show mercy. Anacaona ruled after Bohecio’s death in 1500 onwards, but in 1503, Anacaona recieved a large party of Spaniards and welcomed them. However, she was killed alongside many of her people and other Caciques by the Spanish after they became suspicious Anacaona had planned an insurrection disguised as an elaborate distraction. Anacaona is remembered today by her poetry.

#historyedit #anacaona #native american history month #indigenous history #native american history #ndn #native american #justin's edits #I hope this is at least mostly accurate; I apologize if its not in terms of visuals #a bitch has limited resources #queueueueue

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richardmurrayhumblr · 5 years

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Title: Anacaona Artist: Chevelin Pierre https://www.deviantart.com/chevelinpierre/art/Anacaona-Queen-of-Xaragua-711182018?src=MC_deviation_stack #RMAudios #RMEbooks#RMEbook #RMCollage#Kobo #AALBC #Youtube

#rmaalbc #chevelin #pierre #anacaona #black #artist

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meccaakagrimo · 4 years

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🌼🇭🇹🌞 @el_tigrenegro . Anacaona (1474- July 1503) was a Taíno cacica (chief), born into a family of chiefs, and sister of Bohechío, chief of Xaragua. Her husband was Caonabo, chief of the nearby territory of Maguana. Her brother and her husband were two of the five highest caciques who ruled the island of Ayiti (also called it Kiskeya) when the Spaniards settled there in 1492. She was celebrated as a composer of ballads and narrative poems, called areítos. Anacaona was born in Yaguana (near Léogane, Haiti), where her Brother was Chieftain in 1474. During Columbus's visit in late 1496, Anacaona and her brother Bohechío appeared as equal negotiators. On that occasion, described by Bartolomé de las Casas in Historia de las Indias, Columbus successfully negotiated for tribute of food and cotton to be paid by the natives to the Spanish under his command. The visit is described as having taken place in a friendly atmosphere. Several months later, Columbus arrived with a caravel to collect a part of the tribute. Anacaona and Behechío had sailed briefly aboard the caravel, near today's Port-au-Prince in the Gulf of Gonâve as his guests. At first relations between natives and Conquistadors were cordial, the natives realizing too late their lands were actually being stolen and their subjects enslaved. Anacaona's high status was probably strengthened by elements of matrilineal descent in the Taíno society. Taíno caciques usually passed inheritance to the eldest children of their sisters. If their sisters had no children, then they chose among the children of their brothers, and when there were none, they fell back upon one of their own.Anacaona had one child, named Higuemota, whose dates of birth and death are lost to history. Anacaona became chief of Xaragua after her brother's death. Her husband Caonabo, suspected of having organized the attack on La Navidad (a Spanish settlement on north-western Haiti), was captured by Alonso de Ojeda and shipped to Spain, dying in a shipwreck during the journey.The Taínos, being ill-treated by the conquerors, revolted and made a long war against them. ▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃ #Haiti #Ayiti #HaitianHeritage #Anacaona ▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃ (at AYITI) https://www.instagram.com/p/B9jhMGIhTPj/?igshid=9bfdbpunv0su

#haiti #ayiti #haitianheritage #anacaona

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royal-diaries-podcast · 2 years

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The Taíno played a ceremonial ball game called batey. Opposing teams had 10 to 30 players per team and used a solid rubber ball. Normally, the teams were composed of men, but occasionally women played the game as well. The Classic Taíno played in the village's center plaza or on especially designed rectangular ball courts called batey. Games on the batey are believed to have been used for conflict resolution between communities. The most elaborate ball courts are found at chiefdom boundaries. Often, chiefs made wagers on the possible outcome of a game.

Image: Caguana Ceremonial ball court (batey), outlined with stones

#the royal diaries #royal diaries #Anacaona #Xaragua #Taíno #Haiti History #Anacaona: Golden Flower

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haitilegends · 2 years

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Repost @Abby Pierre Louee

So honored to rock look #2 by @phelidell… came out with a bang 💥🇭🇹👊🏾

Beautiful design of a costume inspired by the Taíno cacica, Anacaona. She was a religious expert, poet and composer born in Xaragua, before the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492 when Haïti (or Quisqueya to the Taínos) was divided into five kingdoms.

We love our strong, educated, bold roots🤍🇭🇹

#miss heritage global #haiti legends #haiti #haitian #haitilegends #pageant #winner

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vegan-wolverine · 7 years

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And so it begins again smh. Spread the word. Hopefully we can still rally all the veterans to come out again that were coming out which pushed for the government to stop so none of them would be hurt. #NoDAPL #Taino #Xaragua #Arawak #Aztec #Inca #Mayan #Apache #Cherokee #Sioux #Iroquois #Siksika #Mapuche #Lenape #Mohawk #Mescalaro #Yanamamo #Natives #GoVegan #NativeAmerican #Tribe #CleanWater #WaterProtectors #MNIWICONI #StandWithStandingRock

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jerrylad19 · 2 years

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T H E Q U E E N A N A C A O N A

Anacaona is a Cacique woman (a Queen) of the island Hispaniola, it is said that her name in the Taino language means Golden Flower. It embodies the history of the island of Hispaniola. Anacaona was born in 1474 in the town of Yaguana in the caciquat of Xaragua. She became Queen of Xaragua after the death of her brother Bohechio and then Queen of Maguana after the death of her husband Caonabo. In 1503, the Governor of Santo Domingo, Nicolas de Ovando killed Anacaona, maybe because she was a powerful Woman.

In my research about Anacaona, I understood that there are 3 greats moments in her representation:

1) During the colonial era: Bartholomé de Las Casas said that she was a beautiful woman and a warrior woman who defends his people, she was a powerful woman. Fernandez de Oviedo said that she was a dangerous woman.

2) During the independence era of Haiti and Dominican Republic: she was a symbol of national identity, she embodies the revolution

3) In actual society: she represented the empowerment of woman; she embodies the feminist movements. Although she was a feminist in her time.

To pay tribute to him and to validate my professional master, I must make a professional project in relation to Anacaona. I’ve decided to create a cultural Center who will bear the name Anacaona.

In Dominican Republic they are many women who need a figure like Anacona who represent the empowerment.

The cultural Center will be a place of commemoration for the Dominican women and celebration of women’s successes.

#colonial history #anacaona

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itsjacquieo · 7 years

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Anacaona, is the leader I most revere as a symbol of my heritage and today I choose to celebrate HER! (you know instead of the scoundrel miscreant who led the rape & demise of the Taino people). Anacoana was a Taino Chief in Quisqueya (Now Haiti/Dominican Republic) & was in her 20's during the time of Colombus' arrival. Known to be incredibly wise, beautiful & beloved by her people-she was a poet and a composer of beautiful music and areitos. Anacaonas husband Caonabo and her brother Bohecchio were two of the five highest Taino Caciques who ruled the island of Quisqueya. Initially Taino leaders were friendly with Columbus and his entourage when they first traveled to Xaragua in 1496 the relationship soured as Columbus used the Tainos peaceful nature and goodwill to begin enslaving and taking anything they wanted from the Taino. Once the revolt began, Caonabo was captured and sent on a ship to Spain as slaves - only to die on the way as the ship sank. In an attempt to broker a peaceful treaty, in accordance to her beliefs, Anacaona held an event for the Spanish Governor Nicolás de Ovando, instead, Anacaona was captured and Ovando ordered the meeting house with the 80 Taino Chiefs to be set on fire to burn them alive. Cacica Anacaona was accused of conspiracy for resisting occupation and sentenced to execution in Santo Domingo. Prior to her execution, Anacaona was offered clemency if she would give herself as concubine to one of the Spaniards. Standing with her fellow Taínos in solidarity, the Caribbean indigenous female leader chose execution over colluding with her Spanish enemy, her refusal cementing her legend. Anacaona remained rebellious and independent until her violent public death by hanging at 29. ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ “It is not honorable to kill; nor can honor propitiate tragedy. Let us open a bridge of love, so that across it even our enemies may walk and leave for posterity their footprints.'” -Anacaona #Anacaona #Taino #TainoHistory #FuckyourColumbusDay #Quisqueya #Caribbeangirl #Quisqueyana #nastywoman #Tainoheritage #indigeniouspeoplesday #knowkedgeispower

#nastywoman #caribbeangirl #anacaona #quisqueyana #knowkedgeispower #taino #indigeniouspeoplesday #quisqueya #tainoheritage #tainohistory #fuckyourcolumbusday

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sanjuaneros · 6 years

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# JARAGUA: Psiquiatra José Miguel Gómez Montero dice, sociedad debe apostar por modelo de familias funcionales.

Por Ramon Antonio Medina

JARAGUA: La sociedad de hoy día debe aspirar a construir modelo de familias sanas, democráticas y afectivas, donde haya castigo en base a la disciplina, pero donde también reine el amor, comprensión y que sea capaz de identificar y vencer los factores de riesgos en el núcleo familiar.

Las apreciaciones en este sentido fueron emitidas por el Doctor José Miguel Gómez Montero en el marco de la magistral Conferencia “Como tener Familia y pareja sana”, celebrada en el Xaragua Club de este municipio, con el patrocinio de la Oficina de Gestión Senatorial y la coordinación de la Fundación Tierra Blanca, a propósito de la celebración de la Quinta Feria del Libro de Neiba.

Tras agradecer al Senador Manuel Paula por la invitación a dictar la conferencia, dijo sentirse doblemente agradecido, en el sentido de que teniendo los lazos familiares y al que dijo agradecer bastante, es la primera conferencia que dicta aquí en su extensa carrera profesional.

Gómez Montero, dijo que existen formas de violencia que van más allá de la agresión física, por lo que dijo, hay que tener mucho cuidado con factores que dañan la relación de pareja y que lesionan la familia, la que calificó la mejor inversión social y que se cuida con una buena comunicación.

En el marco de la actividad, que contó con la colaboración del Distrito 18-03 y la Alcaldía de Jaragua, el médico Psiquiatra neibero dijo que las parejas que mejor funcionan son las que implementan las tres E, son estas equilibrio, equidad y eficacia y que junto a estos tres factores son tolerantes.

Por su lado, el Senador por la provincia Bahoruco, Prof. Manuel Paula, saludo la participación entusiasta de múltiples familias que acudieron a escuchar las orientaciones del Médico Psiquiatra oriundo de Neiba, el cual tiene profundas raíces políticas y familiares en el municipio de Jaragua.

Las palabras de bienvenida a la conferencia estuvieron a cargo del Alcalde por el municipio de Jaragua, Lic. Alfredo Alberto Carrasco, quien valoró las cualidades humanas del expositor, a quien está dedicada la V versión de la Feria del Libro Neibero 2018.

En la actividad estuvieron presentes, además del Senador Paula y el expositor, la Profesora Mercedes Mella de Paula, el Alcalde Alfredo Carrasco, la Directora Distrital Wendy Isabel Ariza Cuevas, Anderson Ferreras, Nouel Florián, quien estuvo en representación de la Fundación Tierra Blanca, entre otras personalidades.

La quinta Feria del Libro inició el sábado 24 de noviembre y se extenderán al 2 de diciembre; tiene como provincia invitada a la provincia Independencia y se lleva a cabo en el Parque Apolinar Perdomo de Neiba.

Fuente: Ohelmis Sánchez

#noticias #Ecos del Sur

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thecasesolutions · 7 years

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Café Xaragua (The Calgary opportunity) Case Solution & Analysis- TheCaseSolutions.comhttps://www.thecasesolutions.com This Case Is About Finance Case Studies Analysis Get Your Café Xaragua (The Calgary opportunity) Case Solution at TheCaseSolutions.com TheCaseSolutions.com is the number 1 destination for getting the case studies analyzed. http://ift.tt/2xdw0pc http://ift.tt/2wjt0ey

https://youtu.be/ZLzcnk_JHBA

#TheCaseSolutions.com #case solution

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domoscura · 7 years

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Anacaona was a queen married to cacique (king) Caonabo. He was the most powerful, influential and aggressive of the chiefs of Quisqueya Island. He ruled the caciquat (kingdom) of Maguana being considered the capital of Quisqueya Island. The chroniclers report that Anacaona and her husband were very much in love. As the right of governance at the time was hereditary and absolute, Anacaona was allowed to join him and live a few months a year with him at the caciquat of Maguana. Then she had to come back to continue ruling over the caciquat of Xaragua. The period of his reign took place at the heart of a great problematic: That of Spanish colonization. Several caciquats, including that of her husband, fiercely fought the Spanish invasion. She quickly rallied to her husband's cause to be able to fulfill a mission: Saving the Taino People Attributes: Anacaona did not take weapons of war as her husband.She used other weapons within her reach; His artistic talents (song and poetry), his beauty, his intelligence and his oratorical art. She was a woman who had the gift of captivating the crowds. According to the reports of the time, everyone appreciated it. She was very popular, adored and respected. Quickly, it was a promotional tool to bring together all the Tainos of the island to the foreign resistance! Choice: She sacrificed her social status, His nobility, his couple, his family, his ease, etc. She used all she had to make crusades with the various caciquats to incite them to resist the Spanish invasion. She met the settlers and their leaders to negotiate peace treaties. In festive atmospheres, it organized artistic tours, thematic celebrations, etc. She decided to devote her life to the cause of the survival of her people. She was a martyr and her end was tragic: She was kidnapped by the colonists, accused of high treason and condemned to hang. Her legacy: Through her involvement, she contributed to her people resisting Spanish settlers for 1 century. Today, in Spain as in several Latin countries, Anacaona is elevated to the rank of goddesses. It has so marked its generation that even its enemies of the time, The Spaniards, recognizes her today as a heroine. It is an integral part of their cultural heritage. Despite the decadence of this people in the sixteenth century, there are some rare descendants of the living Taïnos today due to the interbreeding with the colonists as well as the African slaves. Anacaona proved that one had to remain oneself and equal oneself by using his talents, his gifts, his status to build and not to oppress. She embraced a cause that concerned her closely. It has assumed its responsibilities fully as a sovereign. From: http://www.magazinetransatlantique.com/fr/articles/2015/notes_conference/index.html

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